Download - MIG-MAG eng 260710 @1544
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MIG/M
AG&
FluxCoredArcWelding
KorayYU
RTIIK
yurtisik@gm
ail.com
yurtisik@me
tu.edu.tr
MIG/MAG
&FluxCoredArcWelding,2of85
Content
ReviewofPartIandII
Definition
Advantages
Disadvantages
ApplicationFields
Equipment
FillerMetals(Wireelectrodes)
ShieldingGases
InternalControlSystem(Principle)
ForcesactingontheA
rc
TypesofArc
Setting-upofaMIG/MAGW
eldingUnit
WeldingParameterInfluences
PulsedArc
PossibleDefectswhenMIG/MAGWelding
WeldBevelPreparation
Backing
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MIG/MAG
&FluxCoredArcWelding,3of85
Definition
Afixedcompositionofgasshieldstheweldmetal.
Fillermetalisanelectrode
atthesametime(a
differencew.r.t.TIG)
Fillermetaliscontinuous(adifferencew.r.t.TIG&
MMA)
NaturallybornSemi-mechanized
DCEP(reversepolarity),
DCENisseldomused
becauseofpoortransfer
ofmoltenmetalfromthewireelectrodetothe
workpiece.
Advantages
Allpositionsareavaila
ble
Lessandsometimese
vennoslagremoval(man-
hour),
MetalDepositionRate
ishigh,
Fast(2timesmoretha
nMMA),
Lessdistortion,
Lowcostfillermetal(w
.r.t.MMA&UP)
Disadvantages
LackofFusion
Atstart
Fillermetalmeltsontocold
substrate
Whenlowlinear
weldingspeed
Weldpoolflowinginfrontofthearc
Sensitivetoenvironme
ntalconditions
MIG/MAG
&FluxCoredArcWelding,4of85
FieldsofApplication
Constructionalsteeloralu
minummembers,
Shipyards,
Automotive,
PipeLines,
PressureVesselsandProcessingEquipments,
HeatExchangers,Boilers,Piping
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MIG/MAG
&FluxCoredArcWelding,5of85
Eq
uipment
Powersupply
Wirefeedunit
Hoseassembly
Torch
Blowtorch
Powersupply
Wirefeed
unit
Hoseassembly
Torch
Blowtorch
Ves
selof
Shieldinggas
Wo
rkpiece
Neutralcable
Wireelectrode
Arc
.
MIG/MAG
&FluxCoredArcWelding,6of85
Po
werSupply
Constantpotentialpowersupply
Thepotentialchangeb
etween3to5Voltscorrespo
ndstocurrentamplitudeof100A
Selfcorrectingarc
Kuralolarakgelemanlarayarlanabilenendktan
sasahiptir.
Endktanskaynakakmndakisapmalarazaltrveakmart
hzndeitirir.rneintutuma
srasndahzlbirakmartavantajlyken,ksadevreylearksrasndayavabirakmartdahaaz
srantoluturur.
Types;
Conventional
WithTrystor
Withtransistorrectifier
Withtransistorinverte
r
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MIG/MAG
&FluxCoredArcWelding,7of85
WireFeedUnit
1.5m/min20m/min
MIG/MAG
&FluxCoredArcWelding,8of85
WireFeedUnit
1.5m/min20m/min
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MIG/MAG
&FluxCoredArcWelding,9of85
WireFeedUnit
Oneormorethanonedrivingunit
arepossible
MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,10of85
WireFeedUnit
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MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,11of85
Ho
seAssembly
Carries;
Coolingair(lower
than250A)or
water,
Wireelectrode,
Shieldinggas,
Weldingcurrentand
potential.
MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,12of85
To
rch
(1)
Torchhandle,
(2)
Mouldedphenolicdielectric(showninwhite)
andthreadedmetalnutinsert(yellow),
(3)
Shieldinggasdiffuser,
(4)
Contacttip,
(5)
Nozzleoutputface
[Reference:Mysid,TTlig
htningRod]
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MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,13of85
WireElectrodes
WireElectr
odes
Solid
FluxCo
red
Lessweldingcurrentforthe
samemetaldepositionrate.
Metalzl
Crufzl
Rutile
Basic
MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,14of85
WireElectrodes
WireElectrodes
forSteels
Solid
FluxCo
red
C-steel
ISO17632
StainlessSteel
ISO17633
C-steel
ISO14341
StainlessSteel
ISO14343
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MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,15of85
WireElectrodesIS
O
14341
MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,16of85
ISO
14341
WireElectrodes
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MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,17of85
ISO
14341
WireElectrodes
MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,18of85
ISO
14341
WireElectrodes
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MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,19of85
ISO
14341
WireElectrodes
MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,20of85
ISO
14341
WireElectrodes
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MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,21of85
ISO17632-
WireElectrodes
MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,22of85
ISO17632-
WireElectrodes
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MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,23of85
ISO17632-
WireElectrodes
MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,24of85
ISO17632-
WireElectrodes
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MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,25of85
Sh
ieldingGases
MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,26of85
Sh
ieldingGases
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MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,29of85
ForcesinArcandontotheDroplet
20%
100%Ar
100%CO2
Surface
tension
P
incheffect;
Anelectromagneticforc
e
Proportionaltothesquareofcurrentamplitude,I
S
urfacetension;
Oxidepatchesonthed
ropletredusethesurface
tension
Thehighersurfacetens
ion,thebiggerdroplets
M
etalsevaporating;
Pressureagainsttothe
droplet
P
lasmabeam;
G
ravitation;
MIG/MAG&
FluxCoredArcWelding,30of85
ProcessVariationsMetalTransfer
S
hortCircuitTransfer(ShortArc)Welding[15
2
0V]
Metalistransferredfrom
thewiretotheweld
poolonlywhencontact
betweenthetwois
made,orateachshort
circuit.
Thewireshortcircuitst
otheworkpiece20to
200timespersecond
Usessmallwireinther
angeof.8to1.2mm
diameter
Operatesatlowarclen
gths(lowvoltages)and
weldingcurrents
Fast-freezingweldpuddleisobtained
Thisweldingtechnique
isparticularlyusefulfor
joining
thinmaterialsina
nyposition,
thickmaterialsin
theverticaland
overheadposition
,
andforfillinglargegaps
Shortarcweldingshouldalsobeusedwhere
minimumdistortionoftheworkpieceisa
requirementbecauseofitslowheatinput
C,M2andM3gases.
Hardtocontrolandeas
ytoleavedefect.
V
A
20
150
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MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,31of85
ProcessVariationsMetalTransfer
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,32of85
G
lobularTransfer(LongArc)Welding[>20
V
]:
Metaltransferringthrou
ghthearc,
Usually,thedropsofmoltenmetalhavea
greaterdiameterthanthewireitself,
Themetaltransferwith
spatterand
occasionalshortcircuiting,
Occurswithgasescons
istingmorethan
20%CO2,
Suchgaseshavegood
thermal
conductivity,sotheinte
rfacebetweenthe
electrodeandthearcis
verynarrow,
Nouseforhardwelding
positions,
Metaltransferefficiency
isverylow,in
between87and93%,
Lackoffusionriskisve
ryhigh.
V
A
20
150
ProcessVariationsMetalTransfer
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MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,33of85
S
prayarc[higherthan25V
]:
Byraisingtheweldingc
urrentandvoltagestill
further,themetaltransf
erwillbecomeatruespray
arc.
Theminimumwelding
currentatwhichthisoccursis
calledthetransitioncurrent,abovethetransition
currentpincheffectbecomeseffective.
Thetransitioncurrent
dependsonthemetalwire
diameterandshieldin
ggas.
However,iftheshield
inggasforweldingcarbonsteel
containsmorethanabout20%CO2thereisno
transitionfromglobulartransfertospraytransfer.
Themoltendropsfrom
thewireareverysmall,
affordinggoodarcstability,shortcircuitingisrare.
Littlespatter,highdepo
sitionratesofweldmetal,
morethan98%.
3mmandgreaterinthickness
V
A
20
150
ProcessVariationsMetalTransfer
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,34of85
S
prayarc
V
A
20
150
ProcessVariationsMetalTransfer
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MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,35of85
P
ulsedArc;
Avariationofthespray
arctechniqueisknownasp
ulsedspraywelding.
Thecurrentisvariedbe
tweenahighandlowvalue.
Thelowlevelofcurre
ntisbelowthetransitioncurrentwhilethehighleveliswellintothesp
rayarcregion.
Metalisonlytransferred
totheworkduringtheperio
dofhighcurrent.
Usuallyonedropletis
transferredduringeachhighcurre
ntpulse.
Thepeakcurrentisin
thesprayarcregion,arcstabilityissimilartothatofconventionalsprayarcwelding.
Theperiodoflowcurrentmaintainsthearcandserv
estoreducetheaveragecurrent.
Producingasprayarc
atloweraveragecurrentlevelsthanarerequiredforconventionalsp
rayarcwelding.
Theloweraveragecu
rrentmakesitpossibletoweldthin
nergaugematerialswithspraytyp
etransfer
Itcanalsobeusedforout-of-positionweldingofheavier
sections.
LWSof1.2meterperm
inute.
ProcessVariationsMetalTransfer
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,36of85
P
ulsedArc
ProcessVariationsMetalTransfer
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MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,37of85
P
ulsedArc
Pro
cessVariationsMetalTransfer
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,38of85
V-I
CharacteristicsforPowerSupply
V1,I1
V2,I2
(V1)(I1)=P=(V2)(
I2)
V
I
V1,I1
V2,I2
100A
5V
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MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,39of85
R
I
VV-I
CharacteristicsfortheArc
R=
L
/A
V=
IR
LA
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,40of85
I
V
StableArcZone
Minimumpossiblearclength
V-I
CharacteristicsfortheArc
Maxim
umpossiblearclength
Optimuma
rclength
Shortarc
lengths
Longarclengths
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MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,41of85
Setting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
V
-ICharacteristicsforPowe
rSupply
Constantpotentialcharacteristics
I
V
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,42of85
Setting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
V
-ICharacteristicsforPowe
rSupplyandfortheArc
I
V
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MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,43of85
(Nearly)ConstantPotential
3V
100A
I
VV1
V2
I2
I1
10
0A
3V
Setting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,44of85
C
onstantpotential
C
onstantwirefeedspeed
I
WFS
5.6m/dk
5.6m/dk
5.6m/dk
5.6m/dk
5.6m/dk
I
200A
150A
200A
250A
200A
MeltingRate
5.6m/dk
4.3m/dk
5.6m/dk
6.8m/dk
5.6m/dk
I
V
150A
I
V
200A
I
V
250A
InternalControlSystem(SelfCorrectingPrinciple)inM
IG/MAG
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MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,45of85
Setting-upofaMIG/
MAGWeldingUn
it
The
singleswitch
operation
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,46of85
S
implepowersupplies
s
howtwobuttonsforthe
a
rcset-up;
thevoltageand
thewirefeed.
B
etterequippedwelding
u
nitsalsocontainan
a
djustableinductivity
(valve).
Setting-upofaMIG/
MAGWeldingUn
it
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MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,47of85
A
nincreasingwirefeed
velocityalwaysrequiresa
h
igherarcvoltage.
Setting-upofaMIG/
MAGWeldingUn
it
MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,48of85
S
implepowersupplies
s
howtwobuttonsforthe
a
rcset-up;
thevoltageand
thewirefeed.
B
etterequippedwelding
u
nitsalsocontainan
a
djustableinductivity
(valve).
Setting-upofaMIG/
MAGWeldingUn
it
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MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,49of85
S
implepowersupplies
showtwobuttonsforthe
arcset-up;
thevoltageand
thewirefeed.
B
etterequippedwelding
u
nitsalsocontainan
adjustableinductivity
(valve).
Setting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,50of85
S
implepowersupplies
showtwobuttonsforthe
arcset-up;
thevoltageand
thewirefeed.
B
etterequippedwelding
u
nitsalsocontainan
adjustableinductivity
(valve).
Setting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
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MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,51of85
S
implepowersupplies
showtwobuttonsforthe
arcset-up;
thevoltageand
thewirefeed.
B
etterequippedwelding
u
nitsalsocontainan
adjustableinductivity
(v
alve).
Setting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,52of85
S
implepowersupplies
showtwobuttonsforthe
arcset-up;
thevoltageand
thewirefeed.
B
etterequippedwelding
u
nitsalsocontainan
adjustableinductivity
(v
alve).
Setting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
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MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,53of85
S
implepowersupplies
showtwobuttonsforthe
arcset-up;
thevoltageand
thewirefeed.
B
etterequippedwelding
unitsalsocontainan
adjustableinductivity
(v
alve).
Setting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,54of85
S
implepowersupplies
showtwobuttonsforthe
arcset-up;
thevoltageand
thewirefeed.
B
etterequippedwelding
unitsalsocontainan
adjustableinductivity
(v
alve).
Setting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
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MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,55of85
Setting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
Changingth
evoltagewhileWFSis
constant:
Lengthofthe
arcandweldprofile
change,
Thecurrenta
ndandtherateof
depositionremainconstant.
Thearcvoltagedeterminesthearc
lengthandthereforetheseamwidth.
HighV
fla
tandwideseam
Undercutssu
chasinconvenientseam
changescan
occurbecauseofthe
magneticbloweffect.
Ifthearcisto
olongalloyelementscan
becombustedinthearcandthesmoke
formationrais
es.
LowV
narrowandstrongly
reinforcedseams
Short-circuits.
MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,56of85
Setting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
Changingth
evoltagewhileWFSis
constant:
Lengthofthe
arcandweldprofile
change,
Thecurrenta
ndandtherateof
depositionremainconstant.
Thearcvoltagedeterminesthearc
lengthandthereforetheseamwidth.
HighV
fla
tandwideseam
Undercutssu
chasinconvenientseam
changescan
occurbecauseofthe
magneticbloweffect.
Ifthearcisto
olongalloyelementscan
becombustedinthearcandthesmoke
formationrais
es.
LowV
narrowandstrongly
reinforcedseams
Short-circuits.
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MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,57of85
Setting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
ChangingtheWFSwhile
retainin
gthevoltageconstant:
Lengthofthearc,weldprofile,the
currentandandtherateof
depositionchange.
WFS
thedeposition
efficien
cy,thewelding
ampera
ge.
Araisingwirespeedincreasesthe
amperageandthepenetration
depth.
Thesea
mwidthisbarely
influenced.Theseam
reinforcementraisesbecauseof
theincreaseddeposition
EfficiencyifLWSisconstant.
MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,58of85
Setting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
Combin
ationsofVandWFS
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MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,59of85
Set
ting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,60of85
Set
ting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
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MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,61of85
Theconnectionbetweenaw
ire
electrodewithathicknessof1.2mm
anddifferentshieldinggases:
CO2mixedgasesanda
rgon-
containingmixedgase
swith
higheramountsofCO2
demand
anincreasedarcvoltag
ewhich
contrastsargonmixed
gasesor
mixedgaseswithahig
hamount
ofargoncontainingles
sthan
20%ofCO2.
Set
ting-upofaMIG/MAGWeldingUn
it
MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,62of85
Pos
itioningtheWeld
ingTorch
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MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,63of85
Pos
itioningtheWeld
ingTorch
MIG/MAG&F
luxCoredArcWelding,64of85
LinearWeldingSpee
d,LWS
Atconstantweldingdata,thehigherLWS,thenarrowerseamcrosssection.
Theergonomicmanualweld
ingvelocitiesareatbetween40and60cm/min:
Istheweldingspeedred
ucedtovaluesbelow40cm/min,amoltenpoolrunningaheadoftheweldingarea
canstronglyreducethepenetrationwithpoorfusiona
saresult.
Itisbettertoquicklyweldaseaminthreelayersthan
toslowlywelditinonlyone.
Usuallyforseriesproductionsareweldingvelocitiesof11.5m/min.
Attoohighspeedundercuts
canoccurandtheweldtu
rnsouttobereinforcedan
dnarrow.
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MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,65of85
Setting-upofthePulsedMIG/MAG
Fivesettingpointsareneededtocorrectlysetupthem
etaltransfer:
wirespeed,
impulsefrequency,
pulsewidth,
pulseheight,and
backgroundcurrentheight.
Thepulsewidthandheighti
stoselectinordertoachieveanarcwithlowspatter
formationandnoshort-
ci
rcuits.
Advantages:
Lowspatter,
Flatterbeads,
Betterseamshape,
Lowerheatinput.
Disadvantages:
Higherinvestmentcost,
Setting-upisdiffucult,
Goodwirequalityisneeded,
Gap-bridgingabilityispo
or.
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,66of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDe
fects
Cracking
Porosity
LackofFusion
Spatter
UnfavorableSeamGeometry
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MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,67of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDe
fects
La
ckofFusion
Itispossiblethatthefirstdropstransferringin
thearcmeetanincompletelymoltenbase
material.Thedropenerg
yitselfisnotenough
tomeltthebasematerial.Thedroplays
withoutanyfusiontothe
basematerial.
Whenweldbevelangleislessthanenough
(60degreestotal).
Whentherootfaceistoo
highorrootopening
istoolow.
WhenthereisHi-Lowon
Fit-up.
Whenthethicknessofth
ereinforcementis
toomuch.
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,68of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDe
fects
La
ckofFusion
Toolowarcpower,toom
uchLWSandtoo
hightorchspacingorarc
length.
Whenmoltenpoolisrunningaheadofthearc
duetotooLWS,imprope
rtorchinclination.
Wrongbeadsequenceorplacement.
Restrictedweldingacces
s.
Wrongtorchpositioning.
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MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,69of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDe
fects
La
ckofFusion
Toolowarcpower,toom
uchLWSandtoo
hightorchspacingorarc
length.
Whenmoltenpoolisrunningaheadofthearc
duetotooLWS,imprope
rtorchinclination.
Wrongbeadsequenceorplacement.
Restrictedweldingacces
s.
Wrongtorchpositioning.
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,70of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDe
fects
La
ckofFusion
Toolowarcpower,toom
uchLWSandtoo
hightorchspacingorarc
length.
Whenmoltenpoolisrunningaheadofthearc
duetotooLWS,imprope
rtorchinclination.
Wrongbeadsequenceorplacement.
Restrictedweldingacces
s.
Wrongtorchpositioning.
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MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,71of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDe
fects
La
ckofFusion
Toolowarcpower,toom
uchLWSandtoo
hightorchspacingorarc
length.
Whenmoltenpoolisrunningaheadofthearc
duetotooLWS,imprope
rtorchinclination.
Wrongbeadsequenceorplacement.
Restrictedweldingacces
s.
Wrongtorchpositioning.
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,72of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDe
fects
La
ckofFusion
Toolowarcpower,toom
uchLWSandtoo
hightorchspacingorarc
length.
Whenmoltenpoolisrunningaheadofthearc
duetotooLWS,imprope
rtorchinclination.
Wrongbeadsequenceorplacement.
Restrictedweldingacces
s.
Wrongtorchpositioning.
-
8/6/2019 MIG-MAG eng 260710 @1544
37/43
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,73of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDe
fects
Po
rosity
Dirtsanddefectsonthetorch.
Wrongtorchpositioning.
Magneticbloweffect.
Draught.
Toolongarc.
Inappropriateshieldinggas.
Contamination.
Cavities.
Nitrogenonedgescutby
laser,plasma.
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,74of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDe
fects
Po
rosity
Dirtsanddefectsonthetorch.
Wrongtorchpositioning.
Magneticbloweffect.
Draught.
Toolongarc.
Inappropriateshieldinggas.
Contamination.
Cavities.
Nitrogenonedgescutby
laser,plasma.
-
8/6/2019 MIG-MAG eng 260710 @1544
38/43
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,75of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDe
fects
Po
rosity
Dirtsanddefectsonthetorch.
Wrongtorchpositioning.
Magneticbloweffect.
Toolongarc.
Inappropriateshieldinggas.
Contamination.
Cavities.
Nitrogenonedgescutby
laser,plasma.
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,76of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDe
fects
Po
rosity
Dirtsanddefectsonthetorch.
Wrongtorchpositioning.
Magneticbloweffect.
Draught.
Toolongarc.
Inappropriateshieldinggas.
Contamination.
Cavities.
Nitrogenonedgescutby
laser,plasma.
-
8/6/2019 MIG-MAG eng 260710 @1544
39/43
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,77of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDe
fects
Po
rosity
Dirtsanddefectsonthetorch.
Wrongtorchpositioning.
Magneticbloweffect.
Toolongarc.
Inappropriateshieldinggas.
Contamination.
Cavities.
Nitrogenonedgescutby
laser,plasma.
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,78of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDe
fects
Po
rosity
Dirtsanddefectsonthetorch.
Wrongtorchpositioning.
Magneticbloweffect.
Toolongarc.
Inappropriateshieldinggas.
Contamination.
Cavities.
Nitrogenonedgescutby
laser,plasma.
-
8/6/2019 MIG-MAG eng 260710 @1544
40/43
-
8/6/2019 MIG-MAG eng 260710 @1544
41/43
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,81of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDefects
Po
rosity
Dirtsanddefectsonthet
orch.
Wrongtorchpositioning.
Magneticbloweffect.
Toolongarc.
Inappropriateshieldinggas.
Contamination.
Cavities.
Nitrogenonedgescutby
laser,plasma.
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,82of85
Pos
sibleWeldingDefects
Finalizing
-
8/6/2019 MIG-MAG eng 260710 @1544
42/43
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,83of85
WeldBevel
Steel
>60o
1-2
3-4
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,84of85
WeldBevel
Aluminium
-
8/6/2019 MIG-MAG eng 260710 @1544
43/43
MIG/MAG&FluxCoredArcWelding,85of85
Bac
king