Download - Modal verbs (2)
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MODAL VERBS
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CARACTERÍSTICAS GENERALES
- Son verbos defectivos (tienen defectos).- Son invariables; tienen la misma forma para todas las personas.- No necesitan del verbo auxiliar do para hacer la negativa e interrogativa.- Siempre van seguidos de un verbo en infinitivo- Be able to y have to no cumplen todas estas características pero sí algunos de sus usos (habilidad, obligación). Estas dos formas verbales suplen las formas de las que carecen can y must.
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MODALES SIMPLES
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CAN, CAN'T, COULD, BE ABLE TO
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CAN AFIRMATIVA
- Habilidad : My sister can speak Russian.- Dar permiso: You can go to the toilet.- Posibilidad: Parkour can be dangerous.
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CAN'T
- Falta de habilidad : I can't speak Japanese.- Certeza de que algo es imposible: It isn't very late. The pub can't be closed.
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CAN?
- Pedir permiso para hacer algo.
Can I go to the toilet?
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COULD AFIRMATIVA
- Habilidad en el pasado.He could run marathons when he was younger.
- Sugerencias en tono educado.Your cousin could take a taxi to the station.
- Posibilidad (más remota que con can)It could be useful to learn about other cultures.
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COULD?
- Peticiones educadas.
Could you help me with the homework?
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BE ABLE TO (SER CAPAZ DE)
- Sirve para suplir los tiempos que le faltan a can/ could.
In ten years, she will be able to speak English.http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/modals/can.htm
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MUST, HAVE TO
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MUST
- Obligación : We must be quiet in class. Con must la obligación es más fuerte que con have to (como cuando la impone la ley o alguien de autoridad)- Deducción, certeza de que algo es verdad.He must be 40 years old.Sólo se puede usar en presente. El resto de los tiempos se forma con have to.
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MUSTN'T
- Prohibición : You mustn't exceed the speed limit.
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HAVE TO
- Obligación, necesidad (menos fuerte que con must). You have to study if you want to pass.- No es un verbo modal por lo que necesita el auxiliar para formar la negativa e interrogativa. He doesn't have to bring the books.Do you have to get up early on Sundays?
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NEED TO
EXPRESA NECESIDAD YOU NEED TO STUDY HARDER
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NEEDN'T TO
FALTA DE OBLIGACIÓN, NECESIDAD YOU NEEDN'T BRING ANYTHING- THERE IS
LOTS OF FOOD.
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SHOULD/ OUGHT TO
INDICAN CONSEJO MY FRIEND OUGHT TO IMPROVE HIS
MANNERS. YOU SHOULD STUDY HARDER IF YOU
WANT TO PASS.
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MAY/ MIGHT
EXPRESAN POSIBILIDAD. EN ESPAÑOL SE TRADUCEN COMO PUEDE QUE
MIGHT INDICA UNA POSIBILIDAD MÁS REMOTA QUE MAY
IT MAY RAIN TOMORROW/ IT MIGHT SNOW TOMORROW
MAY EN INTERROGATIVA SEUSA PARA HACER PETICIONES EDUCADAS.
MAY I COME IN?
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WOULD
SE USA PARA HACER PETICIONES FORMALES Y OFRECIMIENTOS.
WOULD YOU OPEN THE WINDOW, PLEASE? WOULD YOU LIKE SOMETHING TO DRINK?
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ACTIVIDADES ON-LINE
http://a4esl.org/q/h/0101/ig-modals.html http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3738 http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/vi
ewgame.asp?id=1793
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MODALES PERFECTOS
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COULD HAVE+ PARTICIPIO PASADO
EXPRESA HABILIDAD PARA HABER HECHO ALGO EN EL PASADO PERO NO SE HIZO.
IT WAS A STUPID THING TO DO. YOU COULD HAVE HURT YOURSELFP
AR
TIC
IPIO
DE
PA
SA
DO
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COULDN'T HAVE +PARTICIPIO DE PASADO
CERTEZA DE QUE ALGO NO SUCEDIÓ EN EL PASADO
ERIK COULDN'T HAVE BROKEN THE VASE (JARRÓN). HE WASN'T AT HOME
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MAY/ MIGHT HAVE+ PARTICIPIO DE PASADO
EXPRESA UNA CONJETURA (¿PASÓ O NO PASÓ?) SOBRE UNA ACCIÓN PASADA.
SHE MAY/MIGHT HAVE TAKEN THE WRONG BUS.
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MUST HAVE + PARTICIPIO DE PASADO
INDICA UNA CERTEZA O UNA CONCLUSIÓN LÓGICA SOBRE UN HECHO DEL PASADO
I HEAR YOU'VE BEEN TO SCOTLAND. THAT MUST HAVE BEEN INTERESTING.