Download - Modul 2 Markah
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
1/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB ;
;
0N
:=/8 . ;0/7< >
0
0N
7
Blyg }hg kozrgp lo an /@gplako dkrkvko# mkckn an/
:
0N
:6 mk|z ! 02 mk|z >Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo rggaz kom mk|z/:6 hkpl ! 02 hkpl >O|k}kako dkrkvko mkckn nlobbw mko hkpl/
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 0
=
0N
PN7= ! 26 zgo ! PN;0/27 >
7/
0N
928 ! 968 8 >
9/
0N
;7' ei 9=6 vwvlcz lz;7' mkplvkmk 9=6 epkob nwplm lkckh
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB :
2/
0N
;:8
.78
>
8
0N
Mlkbpkn 8 zherz }hg }lng eo k mlbl}kc jceja/Pkdkh 8 ngowodwaako rka}w vkmk zg`wkh dkn mlbl}kc/
Mlkbpkn 8%Pkdkh 8
Rhk} rkz }hg }lng : hewpz 07 nlow}gz `giepg }hg }lng zhero5O|k}kako rka}w : dkn 07 nlol} zg`gcwn rka}w ml k}kz/
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB =
;6/
0N
Mlkbpkn ;6 zherz k pgj}kobcg/Pkdkh ;6 ngowodwaako zg`wkh zgblgnvk} }gvk}/
Jkcjwck}g }hg kpgk# lo jn # }hg pgj}kobcg/Hl}wob cwkz# mkckn jn # zgblgnvk} }gvk} l}w/
;;/
0N
76/2 . :/82 >
;0/
0N
7/79 c = >Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo nc/O|k}kako dkrkvko # mkckn nc
8 jn
7 jn Mlkbpkn ;6Pkdkh ;6
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
5/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 7
;:/
0N
:2 nlow}gz = >:2 nlol} = >Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo hewpz kom nlow}gz/O|k}kako dkrkvko mkckn dkn mko nlol}/
;=/
0N
7= nn ! == nn >Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo jn /O|k}kako dkrkvko # mkckn jn/
;7
0N
786 ! 96 ;0 ! 8 >
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 9
;9/
0N
>
8
:
=
;
;2/
0N
PN;06/87 . 86 zgo ! PN :7/
;8/
0N
Mlkbpkn ;8 zherz k jw`g/Pkdkh ;8 ngowodwaako zg`wkh aw`wz/
Jkcjwck}g }hg yecwng # lo jn # 0 zlnlckp jw`gz/Hl}wob lzlvkmw# mkckn jn# 0 `wkh aw`wz |kob zknk/
7 jn
Mlkbpkn ;8% Pkdkh ;8
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 2
;
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 8
00/
0N
PN=6 . PN2/87 ! 86 zgo >
0:/
0N
226 n ! ;/02 an >Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo an/O|k}kako dkrkvko# mkckn an/
0=/
0N
Jeoygp}0:
hewpz lo}e nlow}gz/
]wakpako0
:dkn agvkmk nlol}/
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB
9
7mkplvkmk 2==>
09/
0N
:0< ! 97 < >
02/
0N
Jkcjwck}g }hg kygpkbg ei gkjh own`gp/Hl}wobako vwpk}k zg}lkv oen`ep/
27 < 8;
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB ;6
08/
0N
]k`cg 08 zherz }hg own`gp ei kolnkcz lo V ikpn/Dkmwkc 08 ngowodwaako `lckobko hklrko }gpokako mkckn ckmkob V/
KolnkcHklrko
]hg own`gp ei kolnkc@lckobko
jerCgn`w
;9
bek}akn`lob
0=
Rhk} lz }hg vgpjgo}kbg ei rhecg kolnkcz lz jer 5@gpkvkakh vgpk}wz cgn`w mkplvkmk zgnwk hklrko mkckn ckmkob l}w5
0
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB ;;
:6/
0N
Mlkbpkn :6 zherz }hg }lng }hk} \ktlm z}kp} j|jclob }e zjheec lo }hgnepolob/Pkdkh :6ngowodwaako nkzk \ktlm nwck `gp`kzlakc ag zgaeckh vkmkrka}w vkbl/
Hg pgkjhgm k} zjheec:=
hewpz ck}gp/ K} rhk} }lng mlm \ktlm pgkjh k}
zjheec5
Mlk zknvkl ag zgaeckh:=
dkn agnwmlko/ Vkmk vwawc `gpkvk \ktlm }l`k
ml zgaeckh/
:;//
0N
Her nko|0:
ei ;68 vwvlcz vkz} }hg Nk}hgnk}ljz }gz}/5/
@gpkvkakh0:
mkplvkmk ;68 epkob nwplm cwcwz mkckn wdlko Nk}gnk}la5
;0
Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo ab /O|k}kako dkrkvko mkckn ab/
::/
0N
= hewpz :7 nlow}gz ! ; hewpz =6 nlow}gz >= dkn :7 nlol} ! ; dkn =6 nlol} >
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB ;:
:=/
0N
( 289 . ;7 , :6 >
:7/
0N
2
Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo nlxgm own`gp/O|k}kako dkrkvko mkckn oen`ep `gpjknvwp/
:9/
0N
Mlkbpkn :9 zherz k own`gp ei mliigpgo} vlj}wpgz/Pkdkh :9 ngowodwaako g`gpkvk bkn`kp |kob `gpckloko/
Rhk} lz }hg vgpjgo}kbg ei }hg rhecg vlj}wpgz lz vlj}wpgz5O|k}kako vgpk}wzko bkn`kp mkplvkmk zgnwk bkn`kp/
:2
0N
PN06 ! PN:0/87 . ;
Mlkbpkn :9% Pkdkh :9
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
15/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB ;7
=6
0N
=76 nc = >Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo C /O|k}kako dkrkvko mkckn C/
=;/
0N
]hg vpljg ei 8 zlnlckp vgojlc jkzgz lz PN 06/86/ Jkcjwck}g }hg }e}kcvpljg ei : zlnlckp vgojlc jkzgz/Hkpbk 8 `wkh `gakz vgozgc |kob zknk lkckh PN 06/86/ Hl}wob dwnckhhkpbk : `gakz vgozgc |kob zknk/
=0
0N
Mlkbpkn =0 zherz iewp own`gp jkpmz rl}h woaoero own`gpz eo jkpmzV kom [/Pkdkh =0 ngowodwaako gnvk} agvlob akm oen`ep mgobko mwk akm Vmko [ }lmka `gpoen`ep/
Mlkbpkn =0% Pkdkh =0]hg }e}kc own`gp ei }hg iewp jkpmz lz 096 / Ilom }hg }e}kc own`gp ei Vkom [/Dwnckh oen`ep vkmk aggnvk}.gnvk} akm l}w lkckh 096 / Jkpl dwnckhoen`ep vkmk akm V mko [
=:
0N
Mlkbpkn =: zherz }hg }re own`gp jkpmz/
Pkdkh =: ngowodwako 0 agvlob akm oen`ep/
Ilom }hg }e}kc own`gp 5Jkplako dwnckh agmwk.mwk oen`ep l}w/
=8 0=27
Mlkbpkn =: %Pkdkh =:
9= V [ 20
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB ;9
==/
0N
;9
!0:
>
=7/
0N
Mlkbpkn =7 zherz k gnv}| jceja/Pkdkh =7 ngowodwaako zg`wkh dkn aezeob/
Mpkr }hg hewpz kom nlow}gz hkomz iep ;707 hewpz/Cwalzako dkpwn dkn mko nlol} wo}wa dkn ;707/
=9/
0N
Mlkbpkn =9 zherz }hg vlgjgz ei oe}g kom jeloz/Pkdkh =7 ngowodwaako `g`gpkvk aggvlob rkob agp}kz mko z|lclob/
Ilom }hg 76' ei }hg }e}kc ei neog| /Jkplako 76' mkplvkmk dwnckh l}w/
PN;6 PN7
76
zgoPN7
76
zgo
Mlkbpkn =9% Pkdkh =9
;0
Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo c
O|k}kako dkrkvko mkcknc
/
7:/
0N
PN::/96 ! PN:6 . 27 zgo >
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
19/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB ;
77/
0N
7
0ei ;=6 `gkmz kpg `cwg `gkmz kom }hg pgz} kpg pgm `gkmz/
Her nko| kpg }hgpg megz pgm `gkmz5
7
0mkplvkmk ;=6 `ldl nkola `gprkpok `lpw mko `kalo|k `gprkpok ngpkh#
@gpkvkakh `lckobko nkola |kob `gprkpok ngpkh5
79/
0N
7 mk|z x < >//////////////////// rggaz////////////////////mk|z7 hkpl x //////////////////////////nlobbw///////////////////////hkpl
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 06
72/
0N
]k`cg 72 zherz }hg own`gp ei vwvlcz lo }hpgg jckzzz/Dkmwkc 72 ngowodwaako `lckobko nwplm mkckn }lbk `wkh agckz/
Jckzzagckz
]hg own`gp eivwvlcz
@lckobko nwplm9 Loeyk}li 079 Mloknla :99 Apgk}li 0
97
0N
Mlkbpkn 97 zherz }hg yecwng ei ne}ep elc lo k jeo}klogp/Pkdkh 97 ngowodwaako lzlvkmw nlo|ka vgclojlp mkckn zg`wkh `gakz/
Li 076 nc ei ne}ep elc lz kmmgm }e }hg jeo}klogp# rhk} lz }hg }e}kcyecwng# ei }hg ne}ep elc lo }hg jeo}klogp oer5Dlak 076ncnlo|ka vgclojlp ml}kn`kh ag mkckn `gakz# `gpkvkakhdwnckh nlo|ka vgclojlp ml mkckn `gakz l}w zgakpkob/
Mlkbpkn 97 % Pkdkh 97
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 0:
99
0N
Mlkbpkn 99 jeozlz}z ei z{wkpgz rl}h zlmgz ; jn/ Eo }hg mlkbpkn # mpkrk pgj}kobcg = jn ceob kom 7 jn rlmg/Pkdkh 99 }gpmlpl mkplvkmk vg}ka.vg}ka zgblgnvk} zknk `gpzlzl ; jn/Vkmk pkdkh l}w# cwalzako zg`wkh zgblgnvk} }gvk} `gpwawpko = jnvkodkob mko 7 jn cg`kp/
92/
0N
:866 b ! 266 b >Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo ab/O|k}kako dkrkvko## mkckn ab
98/
0N
79 !
0:
>
Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo nlxgm own`gp /O|k}kako dkrkvko mkckn oen`ep `gpjknvwp/
Mlkbpkn 99 %Pkdkh 99
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 0=
9Pewom eii }hg kozrgp }e }hpgg mgjlnkc vckjgz/@womkpako dkrkvko agvkmk }lbk }gnvk} vgpvwcwhko/
26
0N
: ;76 zgo < >Blyg |ewp kozrgp lo PN/@gplako dkrkvko mkckn PN
2;/
0N
Jhkobg =;:
mk|z }e hewpz5
]wakpako =;:
hkpl agvkmk dkn 5
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 07
20/
0N
Mlkbpkn 20 zherz }hg own`gp ei vlj}wpgz/Pkdkh 20 ngowodwaako zgdwnckh bkn`kp/
Rhk} lz }hg vgpjgo}kbgz ei rhecg vlj}wpg lz 5@gpkvkakh vgpk}wz bkn`kp mkplvkmk zgnwk bkn`kp 5
2:
0N
< x ( :== ! 2 297 ,>
2=/
0N
Mlkbpkn 2= zherz k jw`elm/Pkdkh 2= ngowodwaako zg`wkh aw`elm/
Jkcjwck}g }hg yecwng# lo jn # }hg jw`elm/Hl}wob lzlvkmw# mkckn jn # aw`elm l}w /
: jn
= jn
9 jn
Mlkbpkn 20% Pkdkh 20
Mlkbpkn2 = %Pkdkh 2=
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 09
27/
0N
Ilom }hg kygpkbg ei :/= # < kom 6/8 /Jkplako vwpk}k `kbl :/= # < mko 6/8 /
29
0N
= |gkpz 2 neo}hz ! 9 |gkpz 8 neo}hz>/|gkpneo}hz= }khwo 2 `wcko ! 9 }khwo 8 `wcko >/ }khwo /`wcko
22/
0N
>!
;6
2:
7
::
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
27/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 02
28/
0N
;2 8/02 >
2
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
28/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 08
8;/
0N
=: nlow}gz = >=: nlol} = >Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo hewpz kom nlow}gz/O|k}kako dkrkvko mkckn dkn mko nlol}/
80
0N
Jkcjwck}g = c :=6nc =>Alpk= c :=6nc =>Blyg |ewp kozrgp lo c /@gpl dkrkvko mkckn c
8:/
0N
:7 jn ! 87 jn >Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo n /O|k}kako dkrkvko mkckn n/
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 0
[ >
89/
0N
=;9
.79
Mlkbpkn 87 %Pkdkh 87
V [
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
30/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB :6
82/
0N
]k`cg 82 zherz k own`gp ei Vpe}eo vgpmkok lo }hpgg ylcckbgz /Dkmwkc 82 ngowodwaako `lckobko agpg}k Vpe}eo Vgpmkok ml }lbk `wkhaknvwob/
YlcckbgAknvwob
]hg own`gp ei jkp@lckobko agpg}k
X :\ =T 8
Rhk} lz }hg vgpjgo}kbgz ei }hg rhecg Vpe}eo Vgpmkok lz ipen ylcckbg X5@gpkvkakh vgpk}wzko Vpe}eo Vgpmkok mkpl Aknvwob X mkplvkmk zgnwkVpe}eo Vgpmkok ml }lbk `wkh aknvwob l}w5
88
0N
>
;69
0N
Mlkbkpkn ;69 zherz k own`gp clog/
Pkdkh ;69 ngowodwaako zk}w bkplz oen`ep/
8
=[
8
2
Mlkbpkn ;69%Pkdkh ;69Z}k}g }hg ykcwg ei [ lo l}z zlnvcgz} iepn/
O|k}kako olckl [ mkckn `go}wa }gpnwmkh/
;62/
0N
Jeoygp}7
:}e k vgpjgo}kbg/
]wakpako 7
:
agvkmk vgpk}wz/
;
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
37/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB :2
;68
0N
76 mk|z x =>/rggazmk|z76 hkpl x = >nlobbwhkpl
;6b
Mlkbpkn ;6< %Pkdkh ;6
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB :8
;;;/
0N
=6' ei =76 `gkmz lz@gpkvkakh =6' mkplvkmk =76 `ldl nkola 5
;;0/
0N
Mlkbpkn ;;0 zherz k jen`lok}leo ei k }plkobcg K@I kom k pgj}kobcg IJMG/KIG kom I@J kpg z}pklbh} clogz/ KI > IG/Pkdkh ;;0 ngowodwaako bk`wobko zg`wkh zgbl }lbk K@I mko zg`wkh zgblgnvk} }gvk} IJMG/ KIG kom I@J lkckh bkplz cwpwz mko KI>IG/
K
9jn=jn
@I J
G M;0jn
Mlkbpkn ;;0%Pkdkh ;;0
Rhk} lz }hg vgplng}gp # lo jn# ei }hg rhecg mlkbpkn5@gpkvkakh vgplng}gp # mkckn jn# zgcwpwh pkdkh l}w5
7jn
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB :@gplako dkrkvko komk mkckn `wcko/
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
40/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB =6
;;9/
0N
2== 0 = >
;;2
0N
;= mgjkmgz = |gkpz. 8 mgjkmgz 8 |gkpz>;= mgakm = }khwo 8 mgakm 8 }khwo>
;;8
0N
< an =6 n 8 >Blyg }hg kozrgp # lo n/@gplako dkrkvko # mkckn n
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB =;
;;Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo c /O|k}kako dkrkvko mkckn c /
;06/
0N
Mlkbpkn ;06 jeozlz}z ei pgj}kobcgz ei }hg zkng zltg/Pkdkh ;06 }gpmlpl mkplvkmk vg}ka.vg}ka zgblgnvk} }gvk} |kob zknk `gzkp/
0jn
=jnMlkbpkn ;06%Pkdkh ;06
Jkcjwck}g }hg vgplng}gp # lo jn # ei }hg zhkmgm pgbleo/Hl}wob vgplng}gp # mkckn jn# akrkzko `gpcepga/
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB =0
;0;/
0N
=6' ei 276 jerz lz@gpkvkakh =6' mkplvkmk 276 gaep cgn`w5
;00/
0N
Mlkbpkn ;00 zherz }hg }lng Np Twc begz }e hlz eiiljg lo }hg nepolob/Pkdkh ;00 ngowodwaako nkzk Go Twc vgpbl ag vgdk`k} vkmk rka}w vkbl/
Hg pgkjhz k} hlz eiiljg 76 nlow}gz ck}gp/ K} rhk} }lng #hg pgkjh k} hlz eiiljg 5Mlk zknvkl ml vgdk`k}o|k 76 nlol} agnwmlko/ Vkmk vwawc `gpkvk mlk }l`k mlvgdk`k}5
;0
;07/
0N
87 279 ! 8=:0 . 0 =8< >
2 jn
;6 jn
Mlkbpkn ;0: Pkdkh ;0:
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
44/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB ==
;09/
0N
:6/: . ;=/27 >
;02/
0N
Mlkbpkn ;02 jeozlz}z ei zgygpkc z{wkpgz ei g{wkc zltgz/Pkdkh ;02 }gpmlpl mkplvkmk vg}ka.vg}ka zgblgnvk} zknk |kob zknk `gzkp/
Mlkbpkn ;02 %Pkdkh ;02
Eo }hg mlkbpkn# mpkr ko lzezjgcgz }plkobcgz/Cwalzako zg`wkh zgbl}lbk akal zknk mkckn pkdkh }gpzg`w}/
;08/
0N
>
2
:;9
;076 nlol} : >
Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo hewpz kom nlow}gz/O|k}kako dkrkvko mkckn dkn mko nlol}/
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
45/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB =7
;:6/
0N
0686 n . 876 n >Blyg }hg kozrgp lo an /@gplako dkrkvko mkckn an/
;:;/
0N
Mlkbpkn ;:; lz nkmg wv ei zgygpkc }plkobcgz ei }hg zkng zltg/Pkdkh ;:; }gpmlpl mkplvkmk `g`gpkvk vg}ka zgbl}lbk zknk `gzkp/
Mlkbpkn ;:;
Pkdkh ;:;
Her nko| }plkobcgz pgvpgzgo} 96' ei }hg rhecg mlkbpkn5
@gpkvkakh vg}ka zgbl}lbk |kob ngrkalcl 96'mkplvkmk zgcwpwh pkdkh l}w5
;:0/
0N
Dkznlog hkz PN 97/76/ Zkpkhz neog| lz }rljg }hg knewo} ei Dkznlogz /Jkcjwck}g }hg knewo} ei neog| }hk} Zkpkh kom Dkznlog hkyg kc}ebg}hgp/Dkznlog kmk PN97/76/ Rkob Zkpkh kmkckh mwk akcl rkob Dkznlog/ Hl}wobdwnckh rkob Zkpkh mko Dkznlog/
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
46/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB =9
;::/
0N
Mlkbpkn ;:: zherz k jw`gPkdkh ;:: ngowodwaako zg`wkh aw`wz/
Jkcjwck}g }hg yecwng # lo jn # : zlnlckp zltg ei jw`gzHl}wob lzlvkmw # mkckn jn# : `wkh aw`wz |kob zknk/
;:=/
0N
Mlkbpkn ;:= zherz Zlz|z kom Kplikz neog|/Pkdkh ;:= ngowodwaako rkob Zlz| mko Kplik
Zlz|z neog| Kplikz neog|Rkob Zlz| Rkob Kplik
Mlkbpkn ;:=Pkdkh ;:=
Ilom }hg mliigpgojg `g}rggo }hg knewo} ei neog| }hk} Zlz| kom Kplik hkyg/Jkpl vgp`gtkko rkob ko}kpk Zlz| mko Kplik
0 jn
Mlkbpkn;:: %Pkdkh ;::
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47/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB =2
;:7
0N
=97 7 : >
;:9/
0N
6/:0 8 >
;:2/
0N
Mlkbpkn ;:2 zherz }hg }lng Zl}l kpplygm ei k jeojgp}/Pkdkh ;:2 ngowodwaako rka}w Zl}l }l`k ml zwk}w aeozgp}/
Mlkbpkn ;:2%Pkdkh ;:2
]hg jeojgp} z}kp}gm =
;
hewp ck}gp/ K} rhk} }lng mlm }hg jeojgp} z}kp}5
Aeozgp} gpnwck=
;dkn agnwmlko/ Vkmk vwawc `gpkvkakh aeozgp} l}w `gpnwck5
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48/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB =8
;:8/
0N
Mlkbpkn ;:8 zher k own`gp jkpm/Pkdkh ;:8 ngowodwaako zgagvlob akm oen`ep/
Mlkbpkn ;:8Pkdkh ;:8
Ilom }hg vpemwj} ei }hg ykcwg ei mlbl} : kom }hg ykcwg ei mlbl} = lo }hg own`gp/Jkpl hkzlc mkpk` `kbl olckl mlbl} : mko olckl mlbl} = mkckn oen`ep l}w/
;:Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo nO|k}kako dkrkvko mkckn n/
;=6/
0N
Gxvpgzz=
;: nlccleo lo owngpkcz/
O|k}kako =
;
: dw}k mkckn oen`ep/
:7 90=
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB =
;=9/
0N
0806 zgo = >Blyg }hg kozrgp lo PN
@gplako dkrkvko mkckn PN
2 jn
;: jn
9 jn
VVVV[[[[
Mlkbpkn ;== %Pkdkh ;==
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51/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 7;
;=2
0N
Khnkm zvgo} ; hewpz 06 nlow}gz lo k cl`pkp|/ Hg cgi} }hg cl`pkp| k} =/;6 vn/Mpkr }hg }lng hg pgkjhgm }hg cl`pkp| eo }hg jceja ikjg zhero `gcer/Khnkm `gpkmk ml zg`wkh vgpvwz}kakko zgcknk ; dkn 06 nlol}/ Mlkngolobbkcako vgpvwz}kakko l}w vkmk =/;6 vn/ Cwalz vkmk nwak dkn# rka}wmlk }l`k ml vgpvwz}kakko/
Mlkbpkn ;=2Pkdkh ;=2
;=8
0N
;06 ! 9;7 : >
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 70
;=
06 jn
Mlkbpkn ;7: Pkdkh ;7:
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JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 7=
;77/
0N
Ktnl `w|z k ne}ej|cjg rhgo hg lz ;< |gkpz kom < neo}hz ecm/ Hg `w|z kznkcc jkp ki}gp wzlob ne}ej|cjg = |gkpz 2 neo}hz ck}gp/K} rhk} kbgz Ktnl `ewbh} hlz znkcc jkp 5
Ktnl ngn`gcl zg`wkh ne}ezlakc kvk`lck mlk `gpwnwp ;< }khwo < `wcko/ Mlk
ngn`gcl zg`wkh agpg}k agjlc = }khwo 2 `wcko agnwmlko/ Vkmk wnwp`gpkvkakh Ktnl ngn`gcl agpg}k agjlc 5
;79
0N
Mlkbpkn ;79 jeozlz}z ei k z{wkpgz kom }re lzezjgcgz }plkobcgz rl}h }hg zkng zltg/
Pkdkh ;79 ngobkomwobl zg`wkh zgblgnvk} zknk mko mwk `wkh zgbl}lbk zknk akal
|kob zknk `gzkp/
Mlkbpkn ;79 %Pkdkh ;79
]hg vgplng}gp ei ko lzezjgcgz }plkobcgz lz 0< jn/ Ilom }hg vgplng}gp # lo jn# ei }hg
rhecg mlkbpkn/
Vgplng}gp zg`wkh zgbl}lbk zknk akal lkckh 0< jn/ Jkpl vgplng}gp# mkckn jn#zgcwpwh pkdkh/
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55/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 77
;72
0N
Knlp hkz ; 0=6 z}knvz/ Hg `w|z koe}hgp 0: z}knvz kom }hgo kppkobgz }hgz}knvz g{wkcc| lo}e : kc`wnz/Her nko| z}knvz kpg }hgpg lo gkjh kc`wn5Knlp kmk ; 0=6 agvlob zg}gn/ Mlk ngn`gcl 0: agvlob zg}gn ckbl mkoagnwmlko ngo|wzwo zg}gn.zg}gn l}w zknk `ko|ka ag mkckn : `wkh kc`wn/
@gpkvk `lckobko zg}gn ml mkckn zg}lkv kc`wn5
;78
0N
Jkcjwck}g = hewpz ;7 nlow}gz . ; hewpz =7 nlow}gz >Hl}wobako = dkn ;7 nlol} . ; dkn =7 nlol}>
;7
Z}k}g }hg kozrgp lo neo}hz/O|k}kako dkrkvko mkckn `wcko/
;90/
0N
Mlkbpkn ;90 zher }hg jez} vpljg ei k zhlp}/Pkdkh ;90 ngowodwaako hkpbk aez zghgckl `kdw/
Mlkbpkn ;90%Pkdkh ;90
Jheob `w| 2 zlnlckp ei }hg zhlp}/ Jkcjwck}g her nwjh megz Jheob hkyg }evk|5Jheob ngn`gcl 2 hgckl kdw |kob zknk/ Hl}wobako `gpkvkakh dwnckh |kobvgpcw ml`k|kp ecgh Jheob5
PN :0/
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
57/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 72
;9:/
0N
Mlkbpkn ;9: zherz jw`g R kom jw`elm X/Pkdkh ;9: ngowodwaako aw`wz R mko aw`elm X
7jn
=jn
Mlkbpkn ;9: %Pkdkh ;9:
Jkcjwck}g }hg yecwng # lo jn# ei jw`elm X /Hl}wob lzlvkmw # mkckn jn # aw`elm X/
;9=
0N
>!
:
0
=
;
;97
0N
Mlkbpkn 7 zherz k jw`elm/Pkdkh 7 ngowodwako zg`wkh aw`elm/
Jkcjwck}g }hg yecwng# lo jn # }hg jw`elm/Hl}wob lzlvkmw # mkckn jn # aw`elm l}w/
: jn
= jn
;6 jn
Mlkbpkn 7% Pkdkh 7
R X
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
58/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 78
;99
0N
Mlkpbpkn;9 9 zherz }hg }lng Ikhnl pgkjhgm hlz hewzg ki}gp rkcalob ipenzjheec/Pkdkh ;99 ngowodwaako nkzk Ikhnl }l`k mlpwnkho|k zgcgvkz `gpdkcko mkplzgaeckh/
Hg }kagz =6 nlow}gz }e hlz dewpog|/K} rhk} }lng # hg mgvkp}gm ipen zjheec 5Mlk ngobkn`lc nkzk =6 nlol}/ Vkmk vwawc `gpkvkakh mlk `gp}ecka mkplzgaeckho|k5
;92/
0N
Nwc}lvc| :/;= rl}h ;66 lzMkpk`ako :/;= mgobko ;66
;98/
0N
PN06/
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59/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 7Blyg }hg kozrgp# lo PN@gplako dkrkvko # mkckn PN
-
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60/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 96
;2:
0N
:2
ei =
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61/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 9;
;29
0N
Mlkbpkn ;29 jeozlz}z }hpgg zlnlckp pgj}kobcgz/Pkdkh ;29 ngobkomwobl }lbk zgblgnvk} }gvk} |kob zknk zklt/
Jkcjwck}g }hg kpgk # lo jn # rhecg mlkbpkn/Hl}wob cwkz# mkckn jn # zgcwpwh pkdkh/
;22
0N
Mlkbpkn ;22 zherz k V z{wkpg kom k [ g{wlck}gpkc }plkobcg/
Pkdkh ;22 ngowodwaako zg`wkh zgblgnvk} zknk V mko zg`wkh zgbl}lbkzknk zlzl [/
Jkcjwck}g }hg vgplng}gp# lo jn# }hg zhkmgm pgbleo/Hl}wobako vgplng}gp# mkckn jn# akrkzko `gpcepga/
;28/
0N
0 rggaz 9 mk|z ! : rggaz 7 mk|z>rggaz mk|z0 nlobbw 9 hkpl ! : nlobbw 7 hkpl>nlobbw hkpl
9 jn
= jn
7 jn
[[[[
VVVV
Mlkbpkn ;22%Pkdkh ;22
Mlkbpkn ;29 Pkdkh ;29
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62/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 90
;22=
:
;86
0N
PN26 :27 zgo >
;8;
0N
Zw`}kj} 277 n ipen :/67 anBlyg |ewp kozrgp# lo n]eckaako 277 n mkplvkmk :/67 an@gpl dkrkvko mkckn n
;80
0N
( ;06 . 82 , 2 >
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7/30/2019 Modul 2 Markah
63/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 9:
;8:
0N
]k`cg;8: zherz }hg vpljg ei zgygpkc l}gn `ewbh} `| Gojla Cgg/Dkmwkc ;8: ngowodwaako hkpbk `g`gpkvk `kpkobko |kob ml`gcl ecgh GojlaCgg/
L}gn
@kpkobko
Vpljg
Hkpbk
[wko}l}|
Awko}l}l
PN72/66 0
PN ;7 ;
]k`cg ;8:%Pkdkh ;8:
Jkcjwck}g }hg }e}kc vpljg ei }hg l}gn vwpjhkzgm `| Gojla CggHl}wobako dwnckh hkpbk `kpkobko |kob ml`gcl ecgh Gojla Cgg/
;8=
0N
:/99= 8 >
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64/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 9=
;87
0N
Mlkbpkn ;87 jeozlz}z ei z{wkpgz ei g{wkc zltg/ Her nko| z{wkpgzpgvpgzgo} 76' ei }hg rhecg mlkbpkn5Pkdkh ;87 }gpmlpl mkplvkmk `g`gpkvk vg}ka zgblgnvk} zknk |kob zknk`gzkp/ @gpkvkakh `lckobko vg}ka |kob ngrkalcl 76 ' mkplvkmk zgcwpwhpkdkh5
Mlkbpkn ;87%Pkdkh ;87
;89/
0N
Rhk} lz }hg mliigpgojg `g}rggo }hg ykcwgz ei mlbl} 9 kom mlbl} 0 lo }hg own`gp:=2/9=0 5Kvkakh `gtk ko}kpk olckl mlbl} 9 mko mlbl} 0 mkckn oen`ep :=2/9=0 5
;82
0N
>
8
7
=
;9
-
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65/69
JEO]EH ZEKCKO NK]GNK]LA WVZP
NKPAKH 0
ML]KLV MKO MLAGNKZALOL ECGH JLABW REOB 97
;88/
0N
Knlokh }eea8
;hewp }e `k}h kom
=
;hewp }e me hgp hengrepa/ Her ceob mlm
zhg }kag# lo hewp# iep `e}h kj}lyl}lgz5
Knlokh ngobkn`lc nkzk 8
;
dkn wo}wa nkoml mko =
;
dkn wo}wa ngn`wk}
agpdk pwnkh/ @gpkvk cknkakh nkzk# mkckn dkn # |kob mlk kn`lc wo}waagmwk.mwk ka}lyl}l l}w5
;8