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Molekulare Elektronik – Einführung
U. Beierlein, B. Nickel, F. SimmelLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Einleitung
- Materialien
- (opto-) elektronische Bauteile
- Ausblick: Anwendungen
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Erste Ansätze
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Materialien
- kleine Moleküle:Acene:
Anthracene
Pentacene
R. Ruiz et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 4926, 2004
Thiophene:Quinquethiophene
SexithiopheneM. Sokolowski, E. Umbach, Uni Würzburg
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Phenyl- und Alkanketten (Einzelmolekül oder SAM):
Phenylene-thiolsAlkanthiole
J. Reichert et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 176804, 2002
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M. Reed, Vortrag Bad Honnef, 2003
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- Polymere
R.H. Friend et al., Nature 397, 121, 1999
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- Carbon nanotubes
H.W. Kroto, J.R. Heath, S.C. O'Brien, R.F. Curl, R.E. Smalley, Nature 318 , 162, (1985) Iijima, Nature 354, 56, 1991
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„armchair“ (n = m), „zig-zag“(n, 0) und chirale CNTs (n, m)
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Ladungstransport
aus: E. Meijer, Thesis
Transportmechanismen:
- Bandtransport (µ > 10 cm2/Vs): delokalisierte e- in Bändern bei starker WW zwischen den Atomen
- Hopping (µ < 0.1 cm2/Vs): phononenunterstützer Tunnel-Transport über delokalisierte Niveaus
- polaronischer Transport: bei starker e- -Phonon WW, Energieminimierung durch Deformation des Gitters (bzw. Moleküls), e- bewegt sich mit Phononenwolke
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(Opto-)elektronische Bauteile aus organischen Materialien
Wiederholung: Halbleiterbauelemente MOSFET
S.M. Sze, Physics of semiconductor devices
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LEDpn-Übergang
Photoelement
(Detektor, Solarzelle)
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- Bauelemente aus organischen Materialien
SiO2 (Isolator)
Au (source) Au (drain)
SAMs
Transistor Pentacene
Hochdotiertes Si (backgate)
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CNT transistor
S.J. Tans, Nature 393, 49, 1998
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OLED
R.H. Friend et al., Nature 397, 121, 1999
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Solarzelle
S. Yoo, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5427, 2004
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Anwendungen
OLEDs:Vorteile:
- hoher Kontrast, starke Farben, homogene Abstrahlung
- niedrige Spannung => Verbrauch
- Temperaturstabilität
- leicht
- flexible Substrate möglich
- billiger
passiv
Sanyo
aktiv
Mit kleinen Molekülen und Polymeren
www.universaldisplay.com/tech.htm PDA Sony mp3 player SunTx
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Organische Solarzellen:
Frauenhofer Institut Freiburg
Derzeit Wirkungsgrad bis 8% (Rekord bei Si: 20,3 %, kommerziell: 14-17 %)
Vorteile:
- billig (Herstellung und Materialien)
- flexible Substrate
Konarka technologies
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RFID (radio frequency identification)ICs
SonyAntenne + analoger Schaltkreis zum Senden und Empfangen + digitaler Schaltkreis + Speicher
Infineon
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Schöne molekulare Elektronik
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Schon JH, Berg S, Kloc C, et al.Ambipolar pentacene field-effect transistors and inverters (vol 287, pg 1022, 2000)SCIENCE 298 (5595): 961-961 NOV 1 2002
2. Schon JH, Kloc C, Haddon RC, et al.A superconducting field-effect switch (vol 288, pg 656, 2000)SCIENCE 298 (5595): 961-961 NOV 1 2002
3. Schon JH, Kloc C, Batlogg BFractional quantum Hall effect in organic molecular semiconductors (vol 288, pg 2338, 2000)SCIENCE 298 (5595): 961-961 NOV 1 2002
4. Schon JH, Kloc C, Dodabalapur A, et al.An organic solid state injection laser (vol 289, pg 599, 2000)SCIENCE 298 (5595): 961-961 NOV 1 2002
5. Schon JH, Dodabalapur A, Kloc C, et al.A light-emitting field-effect transistor (vol 290, pg 963, 2000)SCIENCE 298 (5595): 961-961 NOV 1 2002
6. Schon JH, Kloc C, Hwang HY, et al.Josephson junctions with tunable weak links (vol 292, pg 252, 2001)SCIENCE 298 (5595): 961-961 NOV 1 2002
7. Schon JH, Kloc C, Batlogg BHigh-temperature superconductivity in lattice-expanded C-60 (vol 293, pg 2432, 2001)SCIENCE 298 (5595): 961-961 NOV 1 2002
8. Schon JH, Meng H, Bao ZField-effect modulation of the conductance of single molecules (vol 294, pg 2138, 2001)SCIENCE 298 (5595): 961-961 NOV 1 2002
9. Dodabalapur A, Someya T, Crone B, et al.New applications for organic transistors.ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 224: 002-MTLS Part 1 AUG 18 2002
10. Dodabalapur A, Someya T, Crone B, et al.Chemical and biological sensing with organic transistors.ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 223: 019-PMSE Part 2 APR 7 2002 11. Schon JH, Dorget M, Beuran FC, et al.Superconductivity in a spin-ladder cuprate - ResponseSCIENCE 295 (5562): MAR 15 2002
12. Schon JHCoupling of gate-induced superconducting polythiophene layers through an insulating partPHYSICAL REVIEW B 65 (5): Art. No. 052502 FEB 1 2002
13. Schon JH, Bao ZNanoscale organic transistors based on self-assembled monolayers (Retracted Article. See vol 82, pg 1313, 2003)APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 80 (5): 847-849 FEB 4 2002
14. Schon JH, Bao ZOrganic insulator/semiconductor heterostructure monolayer transistorsAPPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 80 (2): 332-333 JAN 14 2002
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15. Schon JHOn the stability of organic field-effect transistor materialsAPPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 79 (25): 4163-4164 DEC 17 2001
16. Schon JH, Kloc C, Batlogg BPentacene based photovoltaic devicesSYNTHETIC METALS 124 (1): 95-97 Sp. Iss. SI OCT 3 2001
17. Schon JH, Meng H, Bao ZNField-effect modulation of the conductance of single moleculesSCIENCE 294 (5549): 2138-2140 DEC 7 2001
18. Schon JH, Kloc C, Dodabalapur A, et al.Grain boundary transport and vapor sensing in alpha-sexithiopheneAPPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 79 (24): 3965-3967 DEC 10 2001
19. Schon JH, Kloc CFast organic electronic circuits based on ambipolar pentacene field-effect transistors (Retracted Article. See vol 82, pg 1313, 2003)APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 79 (24): 4043-4044 DEC 10 2001
20. Schon JH, Dorget M, Beuran FC, et al.Superconductivity in CaCuO2 as a result of field-effect dopingNATURE 414 (6862): 434-436 NOV 22 2001 21. Schon JHCorrelation of the Meyer-Neldel rule and persistent photoconductivity in the organic semiconductor, alpha-sexithiopheneDEFECT AND DIFFUSION FORUM 192-1: 37-42 2001
22. Schon JH, Kloc C, Siegrist T, et al.Superconductivity in single crystals of the fullerene C-70NATURE 413 (6858): 831-833 OCT 25 2001
23. Schon JH, Meng H, Bao ZSelf-assembled monolayer organic field-effect transistorsNATURE 413 (6857): 713-716 OCT 18 2001
24. Schon JH, Kloc C, Batlogg BBallistic hole transport in pentacene with a mean free path exceeding 30 mu m (Retracted article. See Vol 90, pg 3419, 2001)JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 90 (7): 3419-3421 OCT 1 2001
25. Schon JHPlastic Josephson junctions (Retracted Article. See vol 82, pg 1313, 2003)APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 79 (14): 2208-2210 OCT 1 2001
26. Schon JH, Dorget M, Beuran FC, et al.Field-induced superconductivity in a spin-ladder cuprateSCIENCE 293 (5539): 2430-2432 SEP 28 2001
27. Schon JH, Kloc C, Batlogg BHigh-temperature superconductivity in lattice-expanded C-60SCIENCE 293 (5539): 2432-2434 SEP 28 2001
28. Schon JH, Berg S, Kloc C, et al.Persistent photoconductivity in single crystals of the high temperature polymorph of alpha-sexithiopheneSYNTHETIC METALS 123 (1): 125-128 AUG 22 2001
29. Schon JH
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New phenomena in high mobility organic semiconductorsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH 226 (2): 257-270 AUG 2001
30. Schon JH, Kloc C, Wildeman J, et al.Gate-induced superconductivity in oligophenylenevinylene single crystals (Retracted Article. See vol 15, pg 478, 2003)ADVANCED MATERIALS 13 (16): 1273-1274 AUG 16 2001 31. Dodabalapur A, Schon JH, Crone B, et al.Physics and chemistry at organic transistor interfaces.ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 221: 468-COLL Part 1 APR 1 2001
32. Schon JHAmbipolar organic field-effect transistors.ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 221: 397-IEC Part 1 APR 1 2001
33. Schon JHElectrically-driven organic solid state lasers.ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 221: 359-INOR Part 1 APR 1 2001
34. Schon JH, Kloc C, Fichou D, et al.Conjugation length dependence of the charge transport in oligothiophene single crystals - art. no. 035209 (Retracted article. See vol B 66, 249906, 2002)PHYSICAL REVIEW B 64 (3): Art. No. 035209 JUL 15 2001
35. Schon JH, Kloc C, Batlogg BHole transport in pentacene single crystals - art. no. 245201 (Retracted article. See vol B 66, art. no. 249903, 2002)PHYSICAL REVIEW B 63 (24): Art. No. 245201 JUN 15 2001
36. Schon JH, Kloc C, Batlogg BBand-like charge transport in C-60 single crystalsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH 225 (1): 209-213 MAY 2001
37. Schon JH, Kloc CCharge transport through a single tetracene grain boundaryAPPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 78 (24): 3821-3823 JUN 11 2001
38. Schon JH, Kloc COrganic metal-semiconductor field-effect phototransistorsAPPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 78 (22): 3538-3540 MAY 28 2001
39. Schon JHHigh mobilities in organic semiconductors: basic science and technologySYNTHETIC METALS 122 (1): 157-160 Sp. Iss. SI MAY 1 2001
40. Schon JH, Kloc C, Batlogg BAmbipolar organic devices for complementary logicSYNTHETIC METALS 122 (1): 195-197 Sp. Iss. SI MAY 1 2001 41. Siegrist T, Kloc C, Schon JH, et al.Enhanced physical properties in a pentacene polymorphANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION 40 (9): 1732-1736 2001
42. Schon JH, Kloc C, Batlogg BUniversal crossover from band to hopping conduction in molecular organic semiconductorsPHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 86 (17): 3843-3846 APR 23 2001
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43. Katz HE, Siegrist T, Schon JH, et al.Solid-state structural and electrical characterization of N-benzyl and N-alkyl naphthalene 1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic diimidesCHEMPHYSCHEM 2 (3): 167-172 FEB 16 2001
44. Schon JH, Bucher EElectrical properties of n-type CuGaSe2THIN SOLID FILMS 387 (1-2): 23-25 MAY 29 2001
45. Schon JHComposite fermions in organic semiconductorsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH 224 (2): R7-R9 MAR 2001
46. Schon JH, Kloc C, Hwang HY, et al.Josephson junctions with tunable weak linksSCIENCE 292 (5515): 252-254 APR 13 2001
47. Schon JH, Kloc C, Batlogg BLow-temperature transport in high-mobility polycrystalline pentacene field-effect transistors - art. no. 125304 (Retracted article. See vol B 66, art. no. 249907, 2002)PHYSICAL REVIEW B 63 (12): Art. No. 125304 MAR 15 2001
48. Schon JH, Schenker O, Batlogg BSolution processed CdS thin film transistors (Retracted Article. See vol 466, pg 351, 2004)THIN SOLID FILMS 385 (1-2): 271-274 APR 2 2001
49. Schon JH, Kloc C, Batlogg BExcitation gaps in the fractional quantum Hall effect in tetraceneJOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER 13 (7): L163-L167 FEB 19 2001
50. Schon JH, Dodabalapur A, Bao Z, et al.Gate-induced superconductivity in a solution-processed organic polymer filmNATURE 410 (6825): 189-192 MAR 8 2001 51. Schon JH, Bao ZAInfluence of disorder on the electron transport properties in fluorinated copper-phthalocyanine thin filmsJOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 89 (6): 3526-3528 MAR 15 2001
52. Arushanov E, Schon JH, Lange HTransport properties of Cr-doped beta-FeSi2THIN SOLID FILMS 381 (2): 282-286 JAN 15 2001
53. Frolov SV, Kloc C, Schon JH, et al.Transient spectroscopy of tetracene single crystalsCHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS 334 (1-3): 65-68 FEB 2 2001
54. Lee M, Schon JH, Kloc C, et al.Electron-phonon coupling spectrum in photodoped pentacene crystalsPHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 86 (5): 862-865 JAN 29 2001
55. Schon JH, Bucher EPersistent photoconductivity in n- and p-type CuGaSe2JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS 34 (1): 25-29 JAN 7 2001
56. Schon JH, Batlogg BTrapping in organic field-effect transistorsJOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 89 (1): 336-342 JAN 1 2001
57. Chen XL, Bao ZN, Schon JH, et al.Ion-modulated ambipolar electrical conduction in thin-film transistors based on amorphous conjugated polymersAPPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 78 (2): 228-230 JAN 8 2001
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