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Tricks & tips on the use of PENELOPE
Jos M. Fernndez-Varea
Medicinsk Strlningsfysik, KI & SU October 19th, 2005
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Why PENELOPE?
Other MC codes publicly available:
ETRAN (NIST), ITS3 (Sandia)EGS4 (Stanford), EGSnrc (NRCC)
MCNP (Los Alamos)
Geant4 (CERN)
Main features of PENELOPE (v. 2005):
Coupled electron/photon transport
Energy range 50 eV to 1 GeV
Arbitrary material systemsMixed (class II) simulation
Distributed (free of charge) by the NEA
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Platforms
Total Commander http://www.ghisler.com
g95 fortran compiler
Windows http://g95.sourceforge.netLinux http://www.intel.com
gnuplot http://www.gnuplot.info
Auxiliary software
Windows or Linux
Clive Pages FORTRAN 77 bookhttp://www.star.le.ac.uk/~cgp/fortran.html
Fortran77 syntax checking - FTNCHEKhttp://www.dsm.fordham.edu/%7Eftnchek/
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Documentation
~/penelope/doc/tutorial.pdf
~/penelope/doc/manual.pdf
~/penelope/doc/PENELOPE_2003_NEA.pdf
http://www.nea.fr/lists/penelope.html
Written documentation in the distribution:
NEAs listserver:
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common /TRACK/ E,x,y,z,u,v,w,wght,kpar,ibody,m,ilb(5)Particle state always available through
Random hinge algorithm:
Transport mechanics
hard col.
hard col.
soft event
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Cutoff energies:Eabs(1) absorption energy for electrons
Eabs(2) absorption energy for photons
Eabs(3) absorption energy for positrons
Simulation parameters:C1 limits step length
C2 limits step length
dsmax limits step lengthWcc hard inelastic collisions
Wcr hard bremsstrahlung interactions
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Reduced quadric
Arbitrary quadric = reduced quadric + scale + rotation + shift
Quadric geometry package PENGEOM
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Planes: 1, 2, 3Cones: 4
Cylinders: 5
Spheres: 6
Simple example: arrow in a sphere
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Examples of realistic geometrical structures
Sempau et al, Phys Med Biol46 (2001) 1163
Marre et al, Phys Med Biol45 (2000) 3657
Mazurier et al, Phys Med Bio l46 (2001) 1707
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Mourtada et al, Med Phys30 (2003) 959
Sempau et al, Phys Med Bio l49 (2004) 4427
Al-Dweri et al, Phys Med Biol49 (2004) 2687
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Examples of main programs
Structure of a generic main program
Examples of main program in the distribution:penslab, pencyl,penmain
PENELOPE is a subroutine package
Subroutine STORESmay be needed to sample the source
See pages 7 and 8 of tutorial.pdf
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init
source
sPhiE
score1
result
mcend
score2
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Reducing CPU time
Use of di fferent cutoffs and/or simulation parameters in
different materials
Depth dose profile
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
z / cm
D/
eV/g
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Variance-reduction techniques:
Interaction forcing
Splitting
Russian roulette
Range rejection
Use of various CPUs:
the clonEasypackage (J. Sempau & A. Badal, UPC)http://www.upc.es/inte/english/download_engALL.htm
call rngrej(Erej,kpbrej,ibrej,mrej)
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