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MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES
IN INDUSTRY
9.2 Ammonia and Its Salt
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AMMONIA, NH3
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MAIN USE
1.To manufacture nitrogenous
fertilizers such as ammoniumsulphate , ammonium nitrate and urea
Ammonia + sulphuric acid Ammonium Sulphate
neutralization
2NH3 + H2 SO4 (NH4 )2 SO4
Ammonia + nitric acid Ammonium Nitrate
neutralization
NH3 + HNO3 NH4 NO3
Ammonia + carbon dioxide Urea
temperature 200 c pressure 200 atmosphere
2NH3 + CO2 (NH2 )2 CO + H 2 O
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Ammonium Sulphate
Ammonia + sulpharic acid Ammonium Sulphateneutralisation
2NH3 + H2 SO4 (NH4 )2 SO4
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Ammonia + nitric acid Ammonium Nitrate
neutralization
NH3 + HNO3 NH4 NO3
Ammonium Nitrate
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Ammonia + carbon dioxide Urea
temperature 200 c pressure 200 atmosphere
2NH3 + CO2 (NH2 )2 CO + H 2 O
Urea
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MAIN USE
2.Liquid form is use as a cooling agentin refrigerators because it has a lowboiling point and is very volatile
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MAIN USE
3.As a raw material for the
manufacturer of nitric acid inthe Ostwald process
Ammonia + sulphuric acid is oxidized to nitrogen monoxide gas in thepresence of platinum as the catalyst
4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2 O
Nitrogen monoxide oxidized to nitrogen dioxide
2NO + O2 2NO2
Nitrogen dioxide dissolved in water to produce nitric acid
platinum
4NO2 + O2 + 2 H 2 O 4NHO3
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MAIN USE4. Convert to nitric acid for
making explosives such asTNT
Nitric acid react withmethylbenzene (toluene)
5. Ammonia neutralize theorganic acid prevent thecoagulation of latex . Latexremain at liquid form
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MAIN USE
6. Ammonia react withhydrogen chloride to produceammonium chloride which useas the electrolyte in dry cells
NH3 + H 2 O NH 4 + OH+-
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MAIN USE7. As a cleaning agent to remove grease
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MAIN USE
8. Used in manufacture of synthetic fibers such as nylon
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Properties of Ammonia
1. colourless andpungert gas
2. Turn moist red litmus
paper to blue. (Alkaline gas)
3. Very soluble in water
4. Form white fumeswith HCL gas
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The Industrial Process in theManufacture of Ammonia
HABER PROCESS - Industrialmethod used to prepareammonium gas on a largescale using nitrogen gas and
hydrogen gas.
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Two Methods :-
H2 O + C CO + H2
This mixture isknown as water gas
2H2 O + C H4 CO2 + 4 H2
The reaction betweensteam and natural gas
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Ammonia Fertilizers
P l a n t s r e q u i r enitrogen to produceprotein
N i t r o g e n i sabsorbed by plantsin the form of nitrates . NO3
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Ammonia Fertilizers
Ammon ium fe r t i l i ze r s i sdetermined by the percentageof nitrogen by mass
Percentage of nitrogen mass
=
Mass of nitrogen________________
Molar mass of fertilizer X 100%