-
B Y T
TRNG I HC DC H NI
TRN TH DUYT
NGHIN CU C IM THC VT,
THNH PHN HA HC, TRI THC S
DNG V TH TC DNG SINH HC CA
CY DY NG CA
(SECURIDACA INAPPENDICULATA HASSK.)
KHA LUN TT NGHIP DC S
H NI 2014
-
B Y T
TRNG I HC DC H NI
TRN TH DUYT
NGHIN CU C IM THC VT,
THNH PHN HA HC, TRI THC S
DNG V TH TC DNG SINH HC CA
CY DY NG CA
(SECURIDACA INAPPENDICULATA HASSK.)
KHA LUN TT NGHIP DC S
Ngi hng dn:
1. PGS.TS. Trn Vn n
2. DS. Nghim c Trng
Ni thc hin:
B mn Thc vt trng i
hc Dc H Ni
H NI 2014
-
LI CM N
Vi lng knh trng v bit n su sc, ti xin gi li cm n n:
PGS.TS. Trn Vn n, ngi thy ng knh ngi thy trao cho ti
ti v trc tip hng dn tn tnh, to nhng iu kin tt nht ti hon
thnh ti ny.
DS. Nghim c Trng, ngi thy trc tip hng dn, ch bo
tn tnh v gip ti hon thnh kha lun, ngi truyn cho ti s am m,
nhit huyt trong cng vic, gip ti vt qua nhng thi im kh khn nht
trong thi gian thc hin ti.
Ti cng by t lng bit n n:
Cc thy c, cng cc anh ch trong b mn Thc Vt, b mn Dc
liu, b mn Dc l, Trng i hc Dc H Ni quan tm gip du
dt ti trong sut qu trnh thc hin ti.
Ch Qung Vn Thanh (in Bin), b Lng Th Lc (Tuyn
Quang), b Triu Th L (Thi Nguyn) gip , to nhng iu kin
thun li trong thi gian nghin cu.
Ban gim hiu phng o to v cc thy c ging dy trong b mn
Thc Vt, cng nh trong trng i hc Dc H Ni trang b cho ti
nhng kin thc v k nng qu bu lm hnh trang ti vng bc tin vo
cuc sng.
Xin dnh li cm n chn thnh nht n gia nh v cc bn cng
kha K64 v cc em K65, K66 cng lm ti b mn Thc vt, Trng
i hc Dc H Ni, ng vin, gip ti rt nhiu trong qu trnh thc
hin ti.
H Ni, ngy 12 thng 5 nm 2014.
Sinh vin lm ti
Trn Th Duyt
-
MC LC
LI CM N ........................................................................................................
DANH MC CC BNG ....................................................................................
DANH MC CC HNH NH ...........................................................................
T VN ..............................1
PHN I: TNG QUAN ...................................................................................... 3
1.1. c im thc vt v phn loi chi Securidaca L. ............................. 3
1.1.1. V tr phn loi ca chi Securidaca L. .............................................. 3
1.1.2. c im thc vt, phn b ca chi Securidaca L. v Securidaca
inappendiculata Hassk. .................................................................................... 3
1.1.3. Thnh phn ha hc ca cy Dy ng ca ...................................... 4
1.1.4. Tc dng sinh hc v cng dng ca cy Dy ng ca. ................ 11
1.2. Khi qut c im t nhin- x hi ca a bn nghin cu ........ 13
1.2.1. Tnh Thi Nguyn ............................................................................ 13
1.2.2. Tnh Tuyn Quang ........................................................................... 16
1.2.3. Tnh in Bin ................................................................................. 18
PHN II: I TNG, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN
CU22
2.1. i tng nghin cu ......................................................................... 22
2.2. a im v thi gian nghin cu ...................................................... 22
2.2.1. a im nghin cu ........................................................................ 22
2.2.2. Thi gian nghin cu ...................................................................... 22
2.3. Phng tin nghin cu ...................................................................... 22
-
2.4. Ni dung nghin cu ........................................................................... 23
2.4.1. V c im thc vt cy Dy ng ca ............................................ 23
2.4.2. nh tnh cc nhm cht t nhinc trong cy Dy ng ca ........ 24
2.4.3. iu tra tri thc s dng ca ngi dn ........................................ 24
2.4.4. Thm d tc dng sinh hc ca cy Dy ng ca da vo kt qu
cuc iu tra ................................................................................................... 24
2.5. Phng php nghin cu ................................................................... 24
2.5.1. V c im thc vt cy Dy ng ca ............................................ 24
2.5.2. Xc nh cc hp cht t nhin c trong cy Dy ng ca ........... 24
2.5.3. iu tra tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca mt s cng ng
dn tc ............................................................................................................. 25
2.5.4. Th tc dng sinh hc ..................................................................... 26
PHN 3: KT QU V BN LUN ........28
3.1. c im thc vt cy Dy ng ca .................................................. 28
3.1.1. c im hnh thi ca cy Dy ng ca. ...................................... 28
3.1.2. c im vi phu cy Dy ng ca..........................29
3.1.3. c im bt cy Dy ng ca ......................................................... 32
3.2. Cc hp cht t nhin trong cy Dy ng ca ................................. 34
3.3. Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca mt s cng ng dn tc 37
3.3.1. Nhn bit v tn gi cy Dy ng ca ............................................. 37
3.3.2. Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca .................................................. 38
3.3.3. Mc s dng cy Dy ng ca ................................................... 43
3.4. Th tc dng tng lc ca l cy Dy ng ca ................................ 45
3.4.1. nh hng ca cao 2:1 ln s tng trng th trng chut ......... 45
3.4.2. nh gi tc dng ca cao 2:1 ........................................................ 46
-
3.5. Bn lun ................................................................................................... 47
3.5.1. V phng php... 47
3.5.2. V kt qu .................................................................................... ..49
PHN IV: KT LUN V XUT ......................................................... 555
4.1. Kt lun ................................................................................................ 55
4.1.1. V thc vt ......................................................................................... 55
4.1.2. V cc hp cht t nhin c trong cy Dy ng ca ...................... 55
4.1.3. V iu tra tri thc s dng ............................................................. 55
4.1.4. V th tc dng dc l .................................................................... 56
4.2. xut ................................................................................................. 56
TI LIU THAM KHO ....................................................................................
PH LC
-
DANH MC VIT TT
EC 50 Liu tc dng ti a trn 50% i tng th KL Kt lun KQ Kt qu MP Nhit nng chy NCCT Ngi cung cp tin TTC Th trng chut IC 50 Nng c ch 50% i tng th UBND y ban Nhn dn VNU i hc Khoa hc T nhin
-
DANH MC CC BNG
Bng Tn bng Trang
Bng 1.1 Cc cht ha hc c trong cy Dy ng ca c
nghin cu 6
Bng 3.1 Kt qu nh tnh cc thnh ha hc trong l, thn v r
cy Dy ng ca. 35
Bng 3.2 Tn gi cy Dy ng ca theo 4 dn tc 37
Bng 3.3 Bng t l ngi nhn thc ng cy 38
Bng 3.4 Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca 39
Bng 3.5 Khi lng chut tng sau 7 ngy ca 4 l
45
-
DANH MC CC HNH NH
Hnh nh Tn hnh nh Trang
Hnh 1.1 Cng thc hp cht xanthon c trong cy Dy ng ca 9
Hnh 1.2 Cng thc ca mt s benzophenon c trong cy Dy
ng ca
10
Hnh 1.3 Cng thc mt s hp cht Saponin c trong cy Dy
ng ca
10
Hnh 1.4 Cng thc ca mt s sterol c trong cy Dy ng ca 11
Hnh 1.5 X Yn Ninh 13
Hnh 1.6 X i Cn. 17
Hnh 1.7 X Hua Thanh 20
Hnh 1.8 Ngi Thi 21
Hnh 1.9 Ngi Dao 21
Hnh 1.10 Ngi Sn Chay 21
Hnh 1.11 Ngi Ty 21
Hnh 3.1 Mu cy Dy ng ca 28
Hnh 3.2 Vi phu thn cy Dy ng ca 30
Hnh 3.3 Vi phu l cy Dy ng ca 31
Hnh 3.4 Bt thn cy Dy ng ca 32
Hnh 3.5 Bt l cy Dy ng ca 33
Hnh 3.6 ng cong tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca
ngi dn 4 dn tc
38
-
Hnh 3.7
Biu mc s dng cy ca ngi dn 43
Hnh 3.8 Biu nhu cu s dng cy Dy ng ca trong tng
lai 44
Hnh 3.9 Biu box plot v thi gian bi ca chut 4 l 46
-
1
T VN
Theo kt qu iu tra ca Vin Dc liu nm 2006, Vit Nam c
3,948 loi thc vt v nm ln c s dng lm thuc. Tuy nhin phn ln
cc cy, con c s dng theo kinh nghim dn gian hoc theo Y hc c
truyn m cha c nghin cu k v y . Trong dn gian cn lu truyn
rt nhiu cy thuc v bi thuc qu, c bit l cc vng ng bo t ngi,
cha c pht hin, gn gi v bo tn d b ng trc nguy c mt i di
s tc ng ca con ngi vo thin nhin hin nay.
Trong cc cuc iu tra thc a vng min ni pha Bc, chng ti
c tip xc vi nhiu dn tc khc nhau v nhn thy c mt cy c cc
thy lang v ngi dn rt tin dng, nht l trong cc bnh c s huyt, kh
huyt khng lu thng nh b chn thng, au nhc xng khp, au
u,.V c bit l ngi dn tc Dao Thi Nguyn rt tin tng vo tc
dng tng lc ca cy, h gi cy vi tn l cy ng lc. iu cho thy
tim nng, gi tr lm thuc rt ln ca cy. Chng ti thu mu v tin hnh
gim nh s b v tm kt lun cy c tn khoa hc l Securidaca
inappendiculata Hassk., cn gi l cy Dy ng ca.
Vi mc ch tm hiu thm v cy Dy ng ca v tri thc s dng ca
ngi dn mt s cng ng dn tc, gp phn lm phong ph thm ngun
ti nguyn cy thuc c s dng lm thuc Vit Nam. V vy chng ti
thc hin ti: Nghin cu c im thc vt, thnh phn ha hc, tri thc
s dng ca ngi dn v th tc dng sinh hc ca cy Dy ng ca vi cc
mc tiu sau:
1. M t c im thc vt v xc nh tn khoa hc ca cy Dy ng
ca.
2. nh tnh cc nhm cht t nhin ca cy Dy ng ca.
-
2
3. iu tra tri thc s dng ca ngi dn tc Sn Chay x i Cn,
thnh ph Tuyn Quang, tnh Tuyn Quang; ngi dn tc Ty v
Dao x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi Nguyn; ngi
dn tc Thi X Thanh Hua, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin.
4. Thm d mt tc dng sinh hc ca cy Dy ng ca da trn kt
qu iu tra.
-
3
PHN I: TNG QUAN
1.1. c im thc vt v phn loi chi Securidaca L.
1.1.1. V tr phn loi ca chi Securidaca L.
Theo h thng phn loi thc vt, chi Securidaca L. H Vin ch
(Polygalaceae), B Vin ch (Polygalales), Phn lp Hoa hng (Rosidae), Lp
Ngc lan (Magnoliopsida), Ngnh Ngc lan (Magnoliophyta) [18].
1.1.2. c im thc vt, phn b ca chi Securidaca L. v
Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk.
1.1.2.1. c im thc vt chi Securidaca L.
Cy bi leo. L n, so le, c tuyn mu r, gn th cp hnh mng
li. Cm hoa chm hoc chy, u cnh hoc nch l. Hoa i xng hai
bn, nh, c l bc. i 5, rng sm, khng u, 3 i ngoi nh, 2 i trong
hnh cnh hoa, ln. Trng 3, cnh hoa bn v cnh tha hn lin hoc ri, cnh
tha hnh m, c phn ph nh. Nh 8, nh nhau di, to thnh hnh
mng m pha trn v nh vi cnh hoa; bao phn 2 , hnh trng, m bng
l khng u. a dng thn. Bu 1 , non 1, non o, treo; vi nhy cong
hnh lim; u nhy ngn, chia thy hoc khng. Qu kh, khng t m,
thng c cnh, 1 ht; cnh hnh thun hoc hnh thoi - thun, mng, dai, vi
nhiu gn. Ht gn hnh cu, ni nh khng c, mng khng c; o ht dng
mng [8], [44].
Chi Securidaca L. c khong 80 loi: ngun gc vng nhit i chu
M, mt s lng nh cc loi phn b cc vng nhit i ca chu Phi
v chu . C mt loi Vit Nam (Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk.) [8],
[7]. Hai loi (mt loi c hu) Trung Quc [44].
1.1.2.2. c im loi Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk.
Cy bi leo cao 2-10m ln cc cy g. Thn hnh tr, nt dc, c rch
[7]. Cnh v cnh non mu hi , hi c lng nm. L mu lc nht, c
-
4
tuyn mu r hnh elip hay trn, cung l di 5-8mm, gc l trn, c mi
nhn ngn u, di 7-9cm, rng khong 4cm, mt di trng nht, mc so
le, xp hai dy; gn bn 10-12 cp, vi cc gn th cp m [8], [44].
Cm hoa nch l hay ngn thnh chy phn nhnh, gn nhn, di
15cm. Cung hoa dng si, di hn hoa. L bc dng vy, d rng. Hoa hng
hoc , di 7mm. i 5, khng u, ngoi 3 i hnh ch nht hoc hnh
elip, gn nh bng nhau, nh, di 2 mm, nh t, c lng nh; bn trong 2 i
ln, 7 5 mm, ngoi mp hi vut ln, nh t, c lng nh [44].
Cnh hoa 3, dnh nhau, 2 cnh pha sau c phn ri hnh tam gic
ngc, ct u, cnh hoa th ba pha trc thnh cnh tha gn trn,
khng cung hay gn khng cung, c mo nh; mo dng qut c hnh
thy dng rng, m v pha lng hoa. Nh 8, dnh gc bi ch nh c phn
trn ri; bao phn di gp 3 ln ch nh, hnh bu dc. Bu khng cn, hnh
elip, khng c tai; vi dnh lng vi bu, to thnh khp vung gc v pha
gia dng si; u nhy kh phn bit vi vi; bu ch cn 1 do b tiu bin.
Qu c cnh, di 7-8cm, phn mang ht di, c vn, nhn nheo, hi dp;
phn khng sinh sn dng mng, rng 18mm, dng li hi t; ht hnh trng,
treo, khng c phi nh [7], [44].
Phn b: Bangldesh, Cambodia, n , Indonesia, Lo, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thi Lan [31], [44]. Vit Nam, cy mc
trong rng thng xanh t Kontum ti ng Nai [8], [7]. Trung Quc: khu
rng rm trong thung lng , cao 500-1100 m Qung ng, Qung Ty,
Hi Nam, Vn Nam [44]. Cy mc ri rc trong rng thng xanh. Ra hoa
qu t thng 5 n thng 9 [44].
1.1.3. Thnh phn ha hc ca cy Dy ng ca
-
5
- Vit Nam:
Hin cha thy nghin cu no v thnh phn ha hc ca cy Dy
ng ca.
- Trn th gii:
Cc nghin cu trn th gii ch ra trong cy c cc thnh phn thuc
cc nhm chc nh acid, benzophenone, xanthone, sterol (Bng 1.1)
-
Bng 1.1. Cc cht ha hc c trong cy Dy ng ca c nghin cu
STT Nhm cht Tn cht B
phn Ti liu
1 Acid
+ Acid 4,4-Dimethyl-1,7-heptanedioic Thn [22]
- + Acid 3, 4-dihydroxybezoic
- + Acid 3-hydroxy-4-methoxylbenzoic
+ Coniferaldehyde
C cy [39]
+ Acid ferulic
- + Acid cinnamic
- + Acid palmitic
- + Acid salicylic
+ Acid benzoic
Thn
cy [40]
+ Acid oleanolic
- - + Acid p-hydroxytruxinic
+ Acid p-coumaric
C cy [41]
2 Benzophenone
+ 4-hydroxy-2, 3-dimethoxybenzophenon
+ 2-methoxy-(3,4-methylenedioxy)benzophenone R [32]
+ 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-benzophenone R [43]
3 ng
+ -D-(3,4-O- disinapoyl)fructofuranosyl--D-(6-O-sinapoyl) gluco-
pyranoside
+ -D-(3-O-feruloyl)fructofuranosyl--D-(6-O-sinapoyl)glucopyrano-side
Thn
cy [42]
6
-
STT Nhm cht Tn cht B
phn Ti liu
+ -D- (3-O-feruloyl) fructofuranosyl--D- (6-O-feruloyl)glucopyranoside
4 Xanthone
+ 1,7-Dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyxanthone
+ 2,7-Dihydroxy-1-methoxyxanthone
+ 1,6-Dihydroxyxanthone
+ 1,7-Dihydroxyxanthone
+ 1,3,7-Trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone
Thn [22]
+ 3-hydroxy-1,2,5,8-tetramethoxyxanthone R [33]
+ Securixanthones A (1,3,7-trihydroxy-2,8-dimethoxyxanthone)
+ Securixanthones B (3,7-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyxanthone Thn [34]
+ Securixanside A (6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1-hydroxy-4,7-
dimethoxyxanthone)
+ Securixanside B (3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1,7-dihydroxy-2-
methoxyxanthone).
+ Securixanside C (6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1-hydroxy-4,7-
dimethoxyxanthone).
Thn [36]
+ 1, 2, 5-trihydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one
+ 1, 5-dihydroxy-2, 6, 8-trimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one
+ 3, 8-dihydroxy-1, 4-dimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one
+ 4, 6-dihydroxy-1, 5, 7-trimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one
Thn r [38]
7
-
STT Nhm cht Tn cht B
phn Ti liu
+ 1, 7-dihydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one
+ 4-hydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one
+ 1,7-dimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one
+ Aucuparin
+ 7-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 8-tetramethoxyxanthone
+ 1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone
+ 1, 3, 6-trihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone
+ 7-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 8-tetrame thoxyxanthone
+ 1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone-1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-2-
methoxyxanthone
Thn r [39]
5 Saponin
+ Securiosides A and B R
[30],
[37]
+ Beta-sitosterol
+ Daucosterol Thn r [41]
6 Sterol
+ Securisteroside
+ Sterols, spinasterol
+ 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-spinasterol
R [27]
8
-
9
Cng thc hp cht xanthon
Hnh 1.1. Cng thc hp cht xanthon c trong cy Dy ng ca
1,3,7-trihydroxyl-xanthone (A) R1, R3, R7 = OH.
1,3,7-trihydroxyl-2-methoxyl-xanthone (B) R1, R3, R7 = OH, R2 =
OCH3.
1,5-dihydroxyl-2,6,8-trimethoxyl-xanthone (C) R1, R5 = OH, R2, R6,
R8 = OCH3.
1,3,7-trihydroxyl-4-methoxyl-xanthone (D) R1, R3, R7 = OH, R4 =
OCH3.
1,7-dihydroxyl-3,4-dimethoxyl-xanthone (E) R1, R7 = OH, R4 =
OCH3.
1,7-dihydroxyl-xanthone (G) R1, R7 = OH.
1,3,7-trihydroxyl-2,8-dimethoxyl-xanthone (H) R1, R3, R7 = OH, R2,
R8 = OCH3.
2- hydroxyl-1,7-dimethoxyl-xanthone (I) R2 = OH, R1, R7 = OCH3.
1,3,6-trihydroxyl-2,7-dimethoxyl-xanthone (J) R1, R3, R6 = OH, R2,
R7 = OCH3.
7-hydroxyl-1,2- dimethoxyl-xanthone (K) R7 = OH, R1, R2 = OCH3.
-
10
Cng thc ca benzophenon [32]
1: 2-methoxy-(3,4-methylenedioxy)benzophenone
2: 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxybenzophenon
Hnh 1.2. Cng thc ca mt s benzophenon c trong cy Dy
ng ca.
Cng thc ca saponin
Securioside A v B [30]
Daucosterol [41]
Beta-sitosterol [41]
Hnh 1.3. Cng thc mt s hp cht Saponin c trong cy Dy ng ca
Cng thc ca sterol [27]
-
11
3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-
spinasterol
Spinasterol
Hnh 1.4. Cng thc ca mt s sterol c trong cy Dy ng
ca
1.1.4. Tc dng sinh hc v cng dng ca cy Dy ng ca.
1.1.4.1. Tc dng sinh hc
- Tc dng h ng huyt
Dch chit t thn cy c tc dng c ch -glucosidase, iu tr i tho
ng: Dch chit cn 950 ca thn cy ln lt c lc vi cc dung mi
Dicloromethane (SID), Ethyl acetat (SIE), Aceton (SIA) v Methanol (SIM).
Cc phn on ln lt c th tc dng c ch -glucosidase trn chut
nht. Kt qu: tnh c ch cc phn phn on khc nhau l khc nhau. Tt c
cc phn on u c ch hot ng -glucosidase. SIE c ch s hot ng
bng 70.6%, trong khi SIA v SIM cho thy tng i hot ng thp c ch
(40.0%). Tt c cc phn on c ch hot ng ca enzym trong mt loi
liu ph thuc. Cc IC50s ca SID, SIE, SIA, SIM, v Acarbose l 712, 446,
1123, 1418 v 735mg/mL [25].
- Tc dng khng khun, chng vim
Cht 1,3,7-Trihydroxyxanthone c chit t thn cy c tc dng
khng khun Mycobacterium tuberculosis, chng vim trung bnh (IC
-
12
(50)=2500.8550.50M), chng gc t do vi kh nng 63.4% 10 g/mL
v 47.8% 2 g/mL [22], [28].
- Tc dng gy c t bo
Cht 1,7-Dihydroxyxanthone c chit t thn cy c tc dng gy
c t bo (t bo ung th bch cu P388 ED50= 1.21g/mL, kim sot
Mithramycin ED50= 0.06g/mL, t bo ung th i trng HT29 ED50 =
3.94g/mL, Mithramycin ED50= 0.08g/mL), gy c t bo khng hot
ng (dng t bo ung th phi NCI-H187, kim sot Ellipticine, IC50 =
(0.350.15)g/mL), chng vim [22].
- Tc dng chng vim
Cht Securiosides A v B c chit t r cy c tc dng gy c t
bo chn lc mnh, chng li M-CSF c kch thch bi i thc bo v
c xut c tim nng nh cc nhn t mi cho iu tr cc bnh vim
nhim nh vim khp dng thp v x va ng mch [30], [37].
- Tc dng li tiu
Cht Spinasterol (24-ethyl-5-cholesta-7-trans,22-dien-3-ol [481-
7-4] C29H48O). Tinh th hnh kim khng mu (ethanol), mp 159 ~ 160 C, mp
157 ~ 159 C, ( = -0.05 (C = 0.055, CHCl3 ). Tc dng dc l: chng
vim; thuc li tiu; c ch s tng sinh t bo (t bo m lin kt cu thn
gy ra bi nng ng cao mi trng xung quanh, IC50 = 3.9ng/mL,
9.5pmol / L, kh nng c ch cao hn khong 1000 ln, lm gim ng k
tng triglyceride trong huyt thanh, trng lng thn v protein trong nc
tiu do streptozotocin gy ra bnh tiu ng chut) [23].
1.1.4.2. Cng dng ca cy Dy ng ca
B phn dng: R v v r [7], [8].
Tnh v, tc dng: V cay, ngt, ng, chua, mn, tnh hi hn; c tc
dng hot huyt tn , tiu thng gim au, thanh nhit li niu [7], [8].
-
13
Cng dng, ch nh v phi hp: c dng tr n ng tn thng,
phong thp au xng, vim d dy - rut cp tnh [7], [8].
- Dch chit r cy c tc dng gii cm trng gi, thp ng, tan mu
v gim au. V d nh trong mt s bnh nh chn thng, ng, au nhc
xng khp do kh huyt , vim d dy rut, vim da d ng [24].
1.2. Khi qut c im t nhin- x hi ca a bn nghin cu
1.2.1. Tnh Thi Nguyn
1.2.1.1. X Yn Ninh (huyn Ph Lng- tnh Thi Nguyn) [18]
Hnh 1.5. X Yn Ninh
a. iu kin t nhin
X Yn Ninh l mt x pha Bc ca huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi
Nguyn, cch trung tm thnh ph Thi Nguyn khong 43km. X nm dc
-
14
hai bn ng quc l s 3, c din tch 55.35km2 v cao t 200-400m so
vi mt nc bin.
b. iu kin kinh t - x hi [19]
X gm 16 thn, 1571 h vi 6400 dn (2005). Thnh phn dn tc ca
x bao gm: Ty (2845 ngi), Kinh (1548 ngi), Dao (955 ngi), Sn
Chay (633 ngi), Nng (237 ngi) v mt s h gia nh dn tc Mng,
Hoa, Thi.
Trong x, ngi Dao c tr trn t ni vi pha ng Nam vi
hot ng canh tc mt phn vn l pht nng lm ry v vn gn lin vi
ni rng. Trong khi , ngi Ty c tr khu vc t ferarit trn nn ct vi
dc va phi pha Ty, ngi Kinh c tr ch yu dc ng quc l v
cc di t ven sui, vi hot ng canh tc chnh l trng la nc.
V gio dc, x c mt trng tiu hc, mt trng trung hc c s v
mt trng trung hc ph thng phc v nhu cu ging dy cho 920 hc sinh.
Ngoi ra cn c mt s trng mu gio cc thn. 100% tr con trong
tui c i hc. T l hc sinh tt nghip ph thng c s trong x t
96.2%. T l hc sinh tt nghip trung hc ph thng khong 60%.
V y t, x c mt trm y t vi 7 cn b trong c mt bc s, 5 y t
v mt h l. Bn cnh , mi thn u c mt nhn vin y t thn bn v
mt cng tc vin dn s. X c mt chi hi ng y vi 22 thnh vin thuc
cc dn tc Dao, Ty, Nng, Kinh. Hot ng cha bnh bng y hc c
truyn ti x vn cn rt mnh.
1.2.1.2. Dn tc Dao Tin [1]
Ngi Dao Tin vn c ngun gc Qung ng (Trung Quc), di c ti
Qung Yn ri phn tn ti Vnh Phc, Ph Th, H Giang, Tuyn Quang,
Lo Cai, Yn Bi v khong cui th k XVIII. Hin nay, ngi Dao Tin c
tr Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Thi Nguyn, Tuyn Quang, H Giang.
-
15
Ngi Dao t gi mnh l Du min hay Kim min. Du min
c ngha l ngi Dao. Cn Kim min c ngha l ngi rng do cuc
sng h lun gn lin vi la nng trn rung bc thang, ng, sn v mt s
loi rau mu khc trn nhng sn ni. Bn cnh ngi Dao cn mt s
ngh ph khc v ngh th cng nh: an lt, dt vi, lm giy c bit l
ngh lm thuc Nam do xut pht t cuc sng vng su vng xa nn y hc
dn tc lun ng mt vai tr ch o. Phn ln cc gia nh ngi Dao u
t cha bnh cho cc thnh vin trong gia nh theo cc bi thuc cha truyn
con ni. Cy thuc c ngi Dao s dng rt a dng v cha nhiu
bnh chng khc nhau.
Khng bit t bao i nay, d ma ng hay ma h, theo
truyn thng nhng th h con chu ca ng bo dn tc Dao u s dng
nhng loi cy c khc nhau un nc tm cha bnh, mi nh u t nu
cho mnh mt ni nc tm mi ngy. Thuc tm tr thnh phng tin ch
m sc sc khe khng th thay th c nhng khi gia nh c ngi m
au, mt mi. Khi ngi m sinh con, ngi chng li ln rng hi l thu
nu nc tm cho v. Ngi Dao cho rng, sau khi sinh 3 ngy, ch cn
ngi ph n Dao tm l thuc mi ngy mt ln trong 7 ngy th s khe
mnh tr li v phng c cc chng bnh yu mi khi v
gi. Bt k khi no lm vic nhiu, thy c th mi mt, khi thi tit thay i,
nhc u, khn c, i ng xa, au chn, au tay u tm l thuc. l
truyn thng t rt lu i ca dn tc Dao
1.2.1.3. Ngi Ty [1]
Tn gi khc: Th.
Nhm a phng: Th, Ngn, Phn, Thu Lao v Pa D.
Dn s: 1,477,514 ngi.
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16
Ngn ng: Ting ni thuc nhm ngn ng Ty - Thi (ng h Thi -
Ka ai).
Lch s: Ngi Ty c mt Vit Nam t rt sm, c th t na cui
thin nin k th nht trc Cng nguyn.
Hot ng sn xut: Ngi Ty l c dn nng nghip c truyn thng
lm rung nc, t lu i bit thm canh v p dng rng ri cc bin
php thy li nh o mng, bc mng, p phai, lm cn ly nc ti
rung. H c tp qun p la ngoi ng trn nhng mng g m h gi l
long ri mi dng du gnh thc v nh. Ngoi la nc ngi Ty cn
trng la kh, hoa mu, cy n qu... Chn nui pht trin vi nhiu loi gia
sc, gia cm nhng cch nui th rng cho n nay vn cn kh ph bin. Cc
ngh th cng gia nh c ch . Ni ting nht l ngh dt th cm vi
nhiu loi hoa vn p v c o. Ch l mt hot ng kinh t quan trng.
Lng Sn ni ting thuc l si vng. Thuc ngon do t, ging, sy v cng
do cch phi.
Tn ngng lin quan n cha bnh ca ngi Ty thc cht l s kt
hp gia tri thc y hc dn gian (chm cu, cha bnh bng thc) vi
nhng th thut m tn oan (cng bi, cha bnh bng ph php).
1.2.2. Tnh Tuyn Quang
1.2.2.1. X i Cn (thnh ph Tuyn Quang - tnh Tuyn Quang)
a. iu kin t nhin [17]
i Cn l x nm pha Nam ca thnh ph Tuyn Quang. V a
gii hnh chnh: pha ng gip x Cp Tin v x Vnh Li huyn Sn
Dng, pha Bc gip x Thi Long, thnh ph Tuyn Quang, pha nam gip
th trn Tn bnh thnh ph Tuyn Quang, pha Ty gip x i Bnh v x
Nh Kh thnh ph Tuyn Quang.
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17
Hnh 1.6. X i Cn
b. iu kin kinh t, vn ha, x hi, gio dc [16]
X i Cn c din tch 25.89 km, dn s nm 1999 l 6,649
ngi, mt dn s t 257 ngi/km.
Thnh phn dn tc ca x bao gm: Sn Chay (35%), Kinh (45%),
Ty (10%), Dao (5%) v cc dn tc khc (5%).
Gio dc: X c hai trng tiu hc, mt trng trung hc c s v mt
trng trung hc ph thng phc v nhu cu ging dy cho hc sinh. Ngoi ra
cn c mt s trng mu gio cc thn. 100% tr con trong tui c
i hc.
-
18
Y t: X c mt trm y t vi 10 cn b trong c hai bc s, 6 y t v
hai h l. Bn cnh , mi thn u c mt nhn vin y t thn bn v mt
cng tc vin dn s.
1.2.2.2. Dn tc Sn Chay [1]
Dn tc Sn Chay c tn gi khc l Cao Lan, Mn Cao Lan, Hn Bn.
Ting ni ca h thuc nhm ngn ng Ty - Thi (ng h Thi - Ka ai).
Dn c v a bn sinh sng: Ngi Sn Chay ch yu tp trung cc
tnh ng bc Bc B nh Tuyn Quang, Thi Nguyn, Bc Giang, ri rc
cc tnh: Qung Ninh, Cao Bng, Lng Sn. Hin ti c mt nhm ngi vo
Ty Nguyn lp nghip c t chc thnh cc lng.
Dn s: Theo Tng iu tra dn s v nh nm 2009, ngi Sn Chay
Vit Nam c dn s 169,410 ngi, c mt ti 58 trn tng s 63 tnh, thnh
ph. Ngi Sn Chay c tr tp trung ti cc tnh: Tuyn Quang (61,343
ngi, chim 36.2% tng s ngi Sn Chay ti Vit Nam), Thi
Nguyn (32,483 ngi, chim19.2% tng s ngi Sn Chay ti Vit Nam),
Bc Giang (25,821 ngi), Qung Ninh (13,786 ngi), Yn Bi (8,461
ngi), Cao Bng (7,058 ngi), k Lk (5,220 ngi), Lng Sn (4,384
ngi), Ph Th (3,294 ngi), Vnh Phc (1,611 ngi)...
c im kinh t: Ngi Sn Chay lm rung nc l chnh, nng
nghip ng vai tr quan trng. Lm rung nc thnh tho nhng nng ry
vn c vai tr to ln trong i sng kinh t v phng thc canh tc theo li
chc l, tra ht vn tn ti n ngy nay. nh c c v tr quan trng. Vi
chic vt m v chic gi c hom, vic nh c cung cp thm ngun thc
phm giu m, gp phn ci thin ba n.
T chc cng ng: Lng xm thng tp trung mt vi chc gia nh,
sng gn b bn nhau.
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19
1.2.3. Tnh in Bin
1.2.3.1. X Hua Thanh (huyn in Bin - tnh in Bin)
a. iu kin t nhin [9]
X Hua Thanh thuc huyn in Bin, c tch ra t x Thanh Na
vo ngy 1/7/2013. X c 7,217,93 ha din tch t nhin v 3,358 nhn khu.
a gii hnh chnh x Hua Thanh: ng gip x N Nhn, huyn in
Bin v x Thanh Minh, thnh ph in Bin Ph; Ty gip nc Cng ho
dn ch nhn dn Lo; Nam gip x Thanh Na, huyn in Bin; Bc gip
x Mng Pn, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin.
b. iu kin kinh t x hi vn ha gio dc [15]
Vn ha - x hi: X Hua Thanh c 10 i (tng ng vi 10 bn: N
Ten; Na H; Co Pc, Tu 1, 2, 3; Pa Sng; X Nh; Nm Ty 1, 2) vi 667 h,
3,529 nhn khu thuc 5 dn tc: Kinh, Thi, Mng, Kh M, Lo.
Kinh t: i sng ngi dn trn a bn vn ph thuc vo sn xut
nng nghip y cng c coi l tim nng di do nht ca Hua Thanh, vi
3 cy trng ch o: la nc (129ha); la nng (280ha); ng (152ha). Song,
s phn b cc loi cy trng ny khng ng u, la nc tp trung cc
bn vng thp trong khi cc bn vng cao nh: Nm Ty 1, 2, 3, Pa Sng, X
Nh ch yu l ng v la nng.
Gio dc: X c mt trng tiu hc, mt trng trung hc c s v
mt trng trung hc ph thng phc v nhu cu ging dy cho hc sinh.
Ngoi ra cn c mt s trng mu gio cc thn. 100% tr con trong
tui c i hc.
Y t: X c mt trm y t vi 5 cn b trong c mt bc s, 4 y t v
mt h l. Bn cnh , mi thn u c mt nhn vin y t thn bn v mt
cng tc vin dn s.
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20
Hnh 1.7. X Hua Thanh
1.2.3.2. Dn tc Thi [1]
Tn t gi: Tay hoc Thay.
Tn gi khc : Tay Thanh, Man Thanh, Tay Mi, Tay Mng, Hng
Tng, Tay D, Th.
Nhm a phng:
+ Ngnh en (Tay m).
+ Ngnh Trng (Tay n hoc Khao).
Dn s: 1,328,725 ngi.
Ngn ng: Thuc nhm ngn ng Ty - Thi (ng h Thi - Ka ai).
Lch s: Ngi Thi c ci ngun vng ng Nam lc a, t tin
xa xa ca ngi Thi c mt Vit Nam t rt sm, nh c ch yu cc
tnh t Ty Bc n khu IV c (Thanh Ho, Ngh An).
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21
Hot ng sn xut: Ngi Thi sm i vo ngh trng la nc trong
h thng thy li thch hp c c kt nh mt thnh ng - Mng, phai,
li, lin (khi mng, p p, dn nc qua chng ngi vt, t mng) trn
cc cnh ng thung lng. H lm rung cy mt v la np, nay chuyn sang
hai v la t. H cn lm nng trng thm la, ng, hoa mu, cy thc
phm v c bit bng, cy thuc nhum, du tm dt vi.
Hnh nh trang phc ca 4 dn tc [1]
Hnh 1.8. Ngi Thi Hnh 1.9. Ngi Dao
Hnh 1.10. Ngi Sn Chay Hnh 1.11. Ngi Ty
-
22
PHN II:
I TNG, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN
CU
2.1. i tng nghin cu
Cy Dy ng ca (Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk.), h
Polygalaceae.
Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca 4 dn tc:
+ Dn tc Thi X Thanh Hua, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin.
+ Dn tc Sn Chay x i Cn, thnh ph Tuyn Quang, tnh Tuyn
Quang.
+ Dn tc Ty v Dao x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi
Nguyn.
2.2. a im v thi gian nghin cu
2.2.1. a im nghin cu
B mn Thc vt Trng i hc Dc H Ni.
X i Cn, thnh ph Tuyn Quang, tnh Tuyn Quang.
X Hua Thanh, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin.
X Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi Nguyn.
2.2.2. Thi gian nghin cu
T 30/10/2013 n 30/4/2014.
2.3. Phng tin nghin cu
Thit b, my mc:
+ T sy Memmert (Germany).
+ My ct vi phu cm tay, dao, bt s nhum tiu bn.
-
23
+ Cc dng c thy tinh (cc c m, bnh nn cc loi, pipet, bnh gn,
ng nghim, a thy tinh, phin knh, lam knh,).
+ Knh hin vi quang hc.
+ Ni cch thy, bp in.
+ n t ngoi.
+ Cn k thut Precisa XMI20.
+ My nh k thut s Canon.
Thuc th, ha cht, dung mi:
+ Thuc th, ha cht dng trong nghin cu c im thc vt: Javen,
Cloralhydrat, Acid acetic 5%, Xanh metylen, son phn, Ethanol tuyt i,
Glycerin.
+ Thuc th, ha cht, dung mi trong nghin cu thnh phn ha hc:
Thuc th: Mayer, Dragendroff, Bouchardat, Diazo mi pha, FeCl3
5%, Gelatin1%, Ch acetat 5%, Lugol, Dung dch natri nitroprussiat,
Ninhydrin 3%,
Dung mi: Ethanol, Cloroform, Ether du ha, Anhydrid acetic,..
Dung dch: H2SO4, HCl, NaOH.
ng vt phc v nghin cu:
Chut nht trng, cng ging, chng Swiss albino khe mnh, khi
lng trung bnh 18-22 g do Vin V sinh Dch t Trung ng cung cp.
ng vt c nui n nh trong iu kin phng th nghim t nht 5 ngy
trc khi thc hin nghin cu, c nui dng bng thc n chun ung
nc t do.
2.4. Ni dung nghin cu
2.4.1. V c im thc vt cy Dy ng ca
M t c im hnh thi cy Dy ng ca.
Xc nh tn khoa hc cy Dy ng ca.
-
24
M t c im bt v vi phu ca cc b phn l, thn ca cy Dy
ng ca.
2.4.2. nh tnh cc nhm cht t nhinc trong cy Dy ng ca
nh tnh cc thnh phn chnh trong l, thn, r cy Dy ng ca bng
cc phn ng ha hc.
2.4.3. iu tra tri thc s dng ca ngi dn
iu tra tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca ngi dn tc Sn Chay
x i Cn, thnh ph Tuyn Quang, tnh Tuyn Quang; ngi dn tc Ty
v Dao x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi Nguyn; ngi dn tc
Thi X Hua Thanh, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin.
2.4.4. Thm d tc dng sinh hc ca cy Dy ng ca da vo kt
qu cuc iu tra
- Mu l ca cy Dy ng ca thu c x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph
Lng, tnh Thi Nguyn em th tc dng sinh hc.
- Th tc dng tng lc ca dch chit nc l cy Dy ng ca trn
chut nht trng.
2.5. Phng php nghin cu
2.5.1. V c im thc vt cy Dy ng ca
Mu cy c m t theo phng php m t phn tch [2], [10], bao
gm:
+ c im hnh thi c quan dinh dng.
+ c im gii phu c quan dinh dng (l, thn): Lm tiu bn vi
phu v nhum bng phng php nhum kp [5]; lm tiu bn bt soi; quan
st c im cu to vi phu di knh hin vi, chp nh v m t c im
[12].
2.5.2. nh tnh cc hp cht t nhin c trong cy Dy ng ca
Mu nghin cu: l, thn v r cy Dy ng ca.
-
25
nh tnh s b cc nhm cht: tin hnh nh tnh bng cc phn ng
c trng ca cc nhm cht [4], [12].
2.5.3. iu tra tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca mt s cng
ng dn tc
Phng php: iu tra x hi hc s dng phng php phng vn
bn cu trc [3], [13].
Phng vn bn cu trc l phng vn da theo danh mc cc cu hi
hoc cc ch cn cp n. Tuy nhin th t v cch t cu hi c th
tu thuc vo ng cnh v c im ca i tng phng vn.
Cc bc tin hnh:
+ Thu thp mu cy [13]
Da trn nh v thng tin thu thp c t cc cuc iu tra trc
ca DS. Nghim c Trng, chng ti tin hnh thu nhp mu cy ti 3 a
im x Hua Thanh, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin; x i Cn, thnh ph
Tuyn Quang, tnh Tuyn Quang; x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi
Nguyn. Cc mu ny c x l v sy kh theo cc k thut lm tiu bn
thc vt thng thng v lu gi ti phng tiu bn Khoa Sinh hc Trng
i hc Dc H Ni (HNIP/18066/14).
+ Xc nh tn khoa hc:
Tn khoa hc hc ca cy c xc nh bng phng php so snh
hnh thi vi tiu bn ti phng tiu bn Khoa Sinh hc ca i hc Khoa hc
T nhin (VNU), i hc Quc gia H Ni (ph lc 1), Vn thc vt
Hong gia Kew (ph lc 2), Herbier Museum Paris (ph lc 3); da trn cc
ti liu: Cy c Vit Nam II [11], T in thc vt thng dng II [7], Thc vt
ch Trung Quc [44], Thc vt ch Thi Lan [31].
+ Phng vn bn cu trc [13]:
-
26
Chn mu: mu c chn bng phng php ngu nhin - phn tng.
S mu c quyt nh da trn ng cong tri thc, c biu din bng
th gia trc tung l s tc dng m NCCT nhc n v trc honh l s
lng NCCT. Khi tng s lng NCCT m s cng dng cy khng tng th
kt thc iu tra [13].
Phng vn: s dng b cu hi hi NCCT (Ph lc 4).
+ X l d liu:
Da vo b cu hi phng vn s dng phn mm Microsolf Office
Excel thng k tt c cc tri thc s dng. nh gi tin cy theo cng
thc Friedman [13]:
Fv=
Trong : Fv l h s tin cy ca thng tin (0 Fv 1)
Si l s ngi nhc n tc dng i.
S l s lng NCCT.
S dng phng php kim nh chnh xc Fisher.
2.5.4. Th tc dng sinh hc
Nguyn liu: Cao lng (2:1) l cy Dy ng ca c bo ch theo
Dc in [6].
Bo ch cao lng (2:1):
+ Giai on 1: Nu ly dch chit nc. L cy c thu hi, lm sch,
cn khi lng, cho vo ni un 3 ln, mi ln 3 gi, nc ngp dc liu,
sau mi ln gn dch chit ra ri b sung nc vo tip tc un.
+ Giai on 2: C cao. Dch chit thu c em un trn bp cch
thy, nhit un 70-800C ti khi thu c cao lng c t l 2g dc liu
kh: 1g nc.
Chia chut ngu nhin thnh 4 l:
-
27
+ L chng: Ung nc ct.
+ L liu 1: Ung cao lng 2:1 liu 6g/kg (tnh theo dc liu kh).
+ L liu 2: Ung cao lng 2:1 liu 12g/kg (tnh theo dc liu kh).
+ L liu 3: Ung cao lng 2:1 liu 24g/kg (tnh theo dc liu kh) -
(tng ng liu ngoi suy t ngi 100g/ngi/ngy).
Chut c chia ngu nhin thnh cc l v cho ung mu th mi
ngy 1 ln vo 8h trong 7 ngy. Ngy th 7, sau khi ung thuc 60 pht tin
hnh nh gi tc dng tng lc trn m hnh chut bi chut bi kit sc
Brekhman [20], [26].
Phng php tin hnh
Ngy th 7, sau khi ung thuc 60 pht, chut c mang vo ui
mt kp ch c khi lng bng 5% th trng ca n v c cho bi trong
mt bnh thy tinh trong sut hnh tr c chiu cao 60cm, ng knh 25cm,
chiu cao mc nc 40 cm, nhit nc c duy tr trong khong 23
25oC. Thi gian bi c tnh t lc chut c th vo b bi, chut bi t
do cho n khi chut hon ton mt, chm xung khi mt nc trong khong
thi gian t 7-10 giy m khng th ngoi ln c na. Nhanh chng vt
chut ln, ghi thi gian chut bi, lau kh v si m cho chut.
Phng php x l s liu:
+ X l bng phng php kim nh phi tham s Kruskal-Wallis test,
s dng cho vic so snh t ba nhm i tng c lp tr ln m cc nhm
i tng khng tun theo phn phi chun.
+ X l bng phng php kim nh tham s One way Anova, s dng
cho vic so snh t ba nhm i tng c lp tr ln m cc nhm i tng
tun theo phn phi chun.
+ Phn mm x l thng k: Microsorf Excel 2010 v phn mm R
version 3.0.3.
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28
PHN III: KT QU V BN LUN
3.1. c im thc vt cy Dy ng ca
3.1.1. c im hnh thi ca cy Dy ng ca.
1 2
3 4
5 6
Hnh 3.1. Cy Dy ng ca
1: C cy; 2: Cnh cy; 3: R cy; 4: Mu cnh; 5,6: L cy.
-
29
Cy bi leo cao 5- 10m. R cc, ng knh 15-25 cm; v ngoi mu
vng nu, c cc rnh x ngang dc, bn trong mu vng nht, xp mm.
Thn mu nu v ngoi x x, cng chc hn r. Cnh c cc mu nh ra,
gn nh nhn hoc tr thnh nhn vo tui trng thnh. L n, mc so le,
cung l 3-8 mm, c lng ngn. Phin l hnh trng hoc hnh elip, 5-12cm x
2.5-5.5 cm, mng, cng, nh mi nhn ngn, gc hnh nm trn, mp l
nguyn, mp l i khi hi vut ln. Gn chnh bin i t trn n nhn,
cng xa trc gn chnh gn l cng nhiu hn, gn bn 10-12 cp, gn b mp
ni vi nhau, gn cp 3 chia thnh hnh mng li.
Hoa v qu cha thy.
Kt lun
Mu nghin cu c tn khoa hc l Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk.,
thuc h Polygalaceae.
3.1.2. c im vi phu cy Dy ng ca
3.1.2.1. c im vi phu thn cy
-
30
Hnh 3.2. Vi phu thn cy Dy ng ca
1: Biu b mang lng che ch; 2: M
mm v; 3: Si m cng;4: Libe cp 2;
5: M mm rut; 6: G cp 2
Mt ct ngang thn hnh
trn. T ngoi vo trong thy: (1)
Lp biu b gm mt hng t bo
nh hnh ch nht, xp u n,
bn ngoi c lp cutin mng bao
ph; mt ngoi biu b c lng che
ch nh, nm p st vo biu b.
(2) M mm v gm 5-6 lp t bo
hnh a gic, vch mng xp st
nhau. (3) M cng gm 7-8 lp t
bo hnh a gic gn trn xp st
nhau, bt mu xanh. (4) Libe l
mt vi lp t bo rt nh, dt,
vch mng, bt mu , xp thnh
dy xuyn tm thng hng hay
ngon ngho. (5) G cp 2 bt mu
xanh, vch t bo dy, xp thnh
mt dy xuyn tm thng hng,
lin tc to thnh mt vng trn.
(6) M mm rut l nhng t bo
hnh a gic, bt mu hng.
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31
3.1.2.2. Vi phu l
Hnh 3.3. Vi phu l cy Dy ng ca
1: Biu b di vi lng che ch; 2: M
mm; 3: M cng; 4:Libe v g; 5: Biu b
trn; 6: Biu b di; 7: M dy; 8: B libe
v g; 9: M giu; 10: Biu b trn.
- Phn gn l: phn gn di
li, phn trn lm. (1) Biu b
di l mt hng t bo hnh
trn u n c ph bi mt
lp cutin bt mu xanh.(2) M
mm l mt vi lp t bo
hnh trn, hnh a gic vch
mng xp st nhau. (3) St libe
l mt lp cc t bo m cng
bt mu xanh m, thng
ng thnh tng m to
thnh hnh vng cung. (4)
Libe v g. G l mt vi lp
t bo vch dy, bt mu xanh,
xp lin tc to thnh hnh
vng cung. Libe l mt vi lp
t bo a gic, nh, vch
mng bt mu hng xp st
nhau, lin tc to thnh hnh
vng cung. (5) Biu b trn l
mt hng t bo hnh ch nht
-
32
- Phn phin l: (6) Biu b di l mt hng t bo a gic hnh gn
trn c ph bn ngoi l lp cutin. (7) M dy phin. (8) B libe g c g
nm pha trn bt mu xanh, libe nm pha di bt mu hng. Di b libe
g c vng m cng bt mu xanh. (9) Tip n l mt lp t bo m giu,
di, dt, vch t bo mng, xp st nhau; bn trong cha nhiu ht tinh bt
nh, hnh khi gn cu, mu vng. (10) Biu b trn l mt lp t bo hnh
ch nht, c ph bi mt lp cutin bt mu xanh
3.1.3. c im bt cy Dy ng ca
3.1.3.1. Bt thn cy Dy ng ca
Hnh 3.4. Bt thn cy Dy ng ca
1: Tinh bt; 2: T bo m cng; 3: Lng che ch n bo; 4: Tinh th Canxi
oxalat; 5: Mnh bn; 6: Mch vch; 7: Mnh m mm mang tinh bt; 8:
Mnh m mm mang tinh th canxi oxalat; 9: B si.
-
33
Bt mu vng, mi hi hng. Soi di knh hin vi: (1) Tinh bt rt
nhiu, hnh trn hoc hnh a, rn ht phn nhnh, vn khng r. (2) T bo
m cng hnh a gic thun di u nhn hoc u t, vch dy, mu vng
nu, thng ng tp trung thnh m. (3) Lng che ch n bo, kch thc
di ngn khc nhau. (5) Mnh bn l cc t bo hnh ch nht xp st nhau,
mu en. (4) Tinh th canxi oxalat hnh cu gai (6) Mch vch. (7) Mnh m
mm mang ht tinh bt, mu vng. (8) Mnh m mm mang tinh th canxi
oxalat hnh khi nhiu cnh, mu en. (9) Si thng tp trung thnh b.
3.1.3.2. Bt l cy Dy ng ca
Hnh 3.5. Bt l cy Dy ng ca
1: Lng che ch; 2: Mch im; 3: Mnh mang mu; 4: Mch xon; 5: Tinh
bt; 6: B si; 7: L kh; 8: Mnh m mm cha tinh bt.
-
34
Bt mu xanh nht, mi hi hng. Soi di knh hin vi: (1) Lng che
ch n bo, kch thc di ngn khc nhau. (2) Mnh mch im. (3) Mnh
mang mu t, nhiu hnh dng khc nhau. (4) Mch xon. (5) Tinh bt rt
nhiu, hnh trn hoc hnh a, rn ht phn nhnh, vn khng r. (6) Si
nhiu, ng n l hoc tp trung thnh b. (7) L kh kiu hn bo. (8)
Mnh m mm vi nhng t bo hnh a gic, vch mng, xp st nhau cha
nhiu tinh bt.
3.2. nh tnh cc nhm cht t nhin c trong cy Dy ng ca
V thnh phn ha hc: Cc phn ng nh tnh dch chit c tin
hnh v xc nh s b c cc nhm cht c trong l cy Dy ng ca l
flavonoid, ng kh, acid amin, tanin, polysaccharid v polyphenol; trong
thn v r cy c flavonoid, ng kh, acid amin, acid hu c, sterol,
polyphenol v saponin.
-
35
Bng 3.1: Kt qu nh tnh cc thnh ha hc trong l, thn v r cy
Dy ng ca
STT NHM
CHT
PHN NG
NH TNH
L THN R
KQ KL KQ KL KQ KL
1 Flavonoid
1.Phn ng
Cyanidin
+
c
+
c
+
C
2.Phn ng vi
dung dch kim
+
++
+
3.Phn ng vi
FeCl3 5%
+
++
++
4.Phn ng vi diazo
- - -
2 Coumarin
1.Phn ng m,
ng vng
lacton
-
khng
-
khng
-
Khng 2.Quan st
hynh quang - - -
3.Phn ng
thuc th diazo - - -
4.Vi thng hoa - - -
3 Saponin 1.Quan st hin tng to bt
-
khng
++
c
++
C
4 Alcaloid
1.Phn ng vi
thuc th
Mayer
-
khng
-
khng
-
khng
2.Phn ng vi
thuc th
-
-
-
-
36
Dragendroff
3.Phn ng vi thuc th
Bouchardat
-
-
-
5 Glycosid
tim
1.Phn ng
Lieberman
-
khng
++
khng
++
khng
2.Phn ng
Legal
-
-
-
3.Phn ng
Baljet
-
-
-
4.Phn ng Keller- Kiliani
-
-
-
6 Anthranoid 1.Phn ng Borntraeger
-
khng
-
khng
-
khng
7 Tanin
1.Phn ng vi
FeCl3 5%
++
c
+
khng
+
khng 2.Phn ng vi
gelatin 1%
++
-
-
3.Phn ng vi ch acetat 10%
++
++
++
8 Cht bo 1.Th trn giy
lc
-
khng
-
khng
-
khng
9 Caroten 1.Phn ng vi
H2SO4 c + c
-
khng
-
khng
10 Sterol 1.Phn ng Lieberman
- khng ++ c ++ c
11 ng kh 1.Phn ng vi Fehling A v
Fehling B
++ c ++ c ++ c
12
Acid hu
c 1.Phn ng vi Na2CO3
- khng ++ c ++ c
-
37
Ghi ch: (-) phn ng m tnh
(+) phn ng dng tnh
(++) phn ng dng tnh r
3.3. Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca mt s cng ng dn
tc
3.3.1. Nhn bit v tn gi cy Dy ng ca
3.3.1.1. Nhn bit cy Dy ng ca
c im NCCT nhn ra cy:
+ y l cy dy leo.
+ Dy c mu ta.
+ L nhn, mt trn l xanh m v mt di l xanh nht, mp l
nguyn.
+ C 2 tuyn nt nh ra cui cung l.
3.3.1.2. Tn a phng ca cy Dy ng ca
Bng 3.2. Tn gi cy Dy ng ca theo 4 dn tc
Dn tc Sn Chay Dao Ty Thi
Tn cy Hau ch vin T lch vng Tha muc Sa bin
Gii ngha:
+ Hau: ngha l dy.
+ T lch vng: Theo mt s ngi dn tc Dao tn cy l tn mt
ngi n ng, ngi c sc khe phi thng c kh nng nh c c chc
con tru mng mt lc. C mt cch gi tn khc l cy ng lc.
13 Acid amin
1.Phn ng vi thuc th
Ninhydrin 3%
+ c + c + c
14 Poly-
saccharid
1.Phn ng vi thuc th Lugol
++ c ++ c ++ c
15 Polyphenol 1.Phn ng vi
FeCl3 5% + c ++ c ++ c
-
38
3.3.1.3. T l ngi nhn ng cy
- 100% thy lang ca 4 dn tc nhn thc ng cy v h bit v cn
ang s dng cy.
- V ngi dn ca 4 dn tc th c t l ngi dn nhn thc ng cy
gim dn theo th t Dao, Thi, Ty, Sn Chay.
Bng 3.3. Bng t l ngi nhn thc ng cy Dy ng ca
Dn tc
(ngi)
Sn Chay
(n = 30)
Dao
(n = 17)
Ty
(n = 13)
Thi
(n = 39)
T l ngi
dn nhn
ng cy (%)
45.00 100.00 50.00 70.27
T l thy
lang nhn
ng cy (%)
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
3.3.2. Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca
3.3.2.1. ng cong tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca
Hnh 3.6. ng cong tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca ngi dn 4
dn tc
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 4 7 10131619222528313437
C
ng
d
ng
Ngi
Sn Chay
Thi
Dao
Ty
-
39
Nhn xt
Khi iu tra dn tc Sn Chay th ti ngi th 19 s tri thc s dng
thu c l 8, v khng thy c s tng ln ca s tri thc s dng, ng
cong tri thc s dng i dn ti gii hn. Vi ngi Dao th ti ngi th 3
v s tri thc thu c l 5, vi ngi Ty th ti ngi th 5 v s tri thc
thu c l 6, vi ngi Thi th ti ngi th 7 v s tri thc thu c l 7.
3.3.2.2. Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca ca cc cng ng dn tc
Ty, Dao, Sn Chay v Thi
Bng 3.4. Tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca
Stt Cng dng B phn
dng Cch dng
Dn
tc
H s tin cy
Thy
lang
Ngi
dn
1 au lng xng
khp
L, thn,
r
- L, thn: gi, sao
phun t ru vo.
- R, thn ngm ru
xoa bp.
Dao 0.80 0.25
L, thn
r
- L, thn: gi, sao
phun t ru vo.
- R, thn ngm ru
xoa bp.
Sn
Chay 0.40 0.00
L, thn
- L, thn gi nt, sao
nng, p, phun t
ru
Ty 0.67 0.00
R
- R, g thn ngm
ru xoa bp.
- R, g thn un
nc ung (lng t).
Thi 1.00 0.00
-
40
Stt Cng dng B phn
dng Cch dng
Dn
tc
H s tin cy
Thy
lang
Ngi
dn
2 Chn thng,
vt bm tm
L, thn,
r
- L, thn: gi, sao
phun t ru vo.
- R, thn ngm ru
xoa bp.
Dao 0.80 0.25
L, thn,
r
- L, thn: gi, sao
phun t ru vo.
- R, thn ngm ru
xoa bp.
Sn
Chay 0.40 0.00
L, thn
- L, thn gi nt, sao
nng, p, phun t
ru
Ty 0.67 0.00
R
- R, g thn ngm
ru xoa bp.
- R, g thn un
nc ung (lng t).
Thi 1.00 0.00
3 Sau tai bin
L, thn
- L, thn un nc
tm
- Thn, r un nc
ung
Dao 0.40 0.00
Thn, r Thn, r un nc
ung Ty 0.67 0.00
4 Gi u sch
gu V thn
- p nt, v vo
nc nng
Ty 1.00 0.40
Thi 1.00 0.72
5 D dy G thn, G thn, r un nc Sn 0.10 0.00
-
41
Stt Cng dng B phn
dng Cch dng
Dn
tc
H s tin cy
Thy
lang
Ngi
dn
r ung Chay
Thi 0.50 0.03
6 au nhc u
L v
thn non
L v thn non, gi
sao nng, rc t ru
vo. Hoc gi hoc
xng.
Sn
Chay 0.90 0.40
L Bm l hoc gi ra
p vo u Ty 0.67 0.00
7 Tm khe L, thn un nc tm Dao 1.00 0.00
Ty 0.33 0.00
8 Tng lc
L bnh
t, ngn
non.
Nu canh vi trng
hoc tht nc bm Dao 1.00 1.00
9 Xoang C cy un nc ung Dao 0.20 0.00
10
Tc di, tc
khng b ch
ngn, tc mt
L v
thn Gi
Sn
Chay 0.80 0.40
11 au bng G thn,
r un nc ung
Sn
Chay 0.10 0.00
12 ng kinh L, thn
non un nc tm
Sn
Chay 0.10 0.00
13
Tc tnh
mch,t lit
chn tay
G thn Ngm ru, bp Sn
Chay 0.10 0.00
-
42
Stt Cng dng B phn
dng Cch dng
Dn
tc
H s tin cy
Thy
lang
Ngi
dn
14 Cm gi R Ngm ru, bp Ty 0.33 0.00
15 Si thn R, g
thn un ung Thi 0.50 0.05
16 au kinh G thn,
r un ung Thi 0.50 0.00
17 i but G thn,
r un ung Thi 0.50 0.00
18 V sinh G thn,
r un ung Thi 0.03 0.00
Nhn xt
Da vo bng trn c th nhn thy:
+ C 18 cng dng c ngi dn 4 dn tc nhc ti, trong c 7
cng dng ging nhau c nhc ti l au lng xng khp, chn thng,
vt bm tm, sau tai bin, gi u sch gu, d dy, au nhc u, tm khe.
+ Da vo h s tin cy, nhn thy c s khc nhau gia s hiu bit
ca ngi dn v thy lang v cch s dng cy Dy ng ca. Ngi dn ch
yu bit s dng cy Dy ng ca n cho khe, gi u cho mt tc, sch
gu , tm cho khe. Cn thy lang th s bit nhiu cch s dng cha bnh
hn.
+ B phn s dng l c cy bao gm r, thn v l. Ngi dn tc Sn
Chay, Dao thng s dng b phn l l v thn non, t khi s dng r. Ngi
dn tc Ty, Thi thng s dng b phn thn gi v r.
+ Cch s dng v ch bin a dng: un ung, gi u, tm, gi ra
p, ngm ru xoa bp ty vo mc ch s dng.
-
43
ng cong tri thc s dng c nhng bc nhy ln, l khi tin
hnh phng vn nhng thy lang, v d nh ngi th 3 ca dn tc Sn
Chay, ngi th 1 dn tc Dao, ngi 3 dn tc Ty v ngi th 4 dn
tc Thi l thy lang.
3.3.3. Mc s dng cy Dy ng ca
3.3.3.1. Hin trng s dng
Hnh 3.7. Biu mc s dng cy ca ngi dn
Mc s dng thng xuyn gim dn theo th t ngi dn tc
Dao, Sn Chay, Ty v Thi.
Mc thi thong dng - c dp no gp mi s dng, gim dn
theo th t ngi dn tc Thi, Dao, Sn Chay, Ty.
Mc khng s dng gim dn theo th t ngi dn tc Ty, Sn
Chay, Thi, Dao.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Sn Chay Dao Ty Thi
Khng s dng
Thi thong
Thng xuyn
-
44
3.3.3.2. Nhu cu s dng trong tng lai
Hnh 3.8. Biu nhu cu s dng cy Dy ng ca trong tng lai
Ngi dn tc Dao vn mun tip tc s dng cy trong tng lai nh
mt mn n tng cng sc khe tt nn nhu cu s dng cao.
Nhu cu s dng cy ca ngi dn tc Thi v Ty tp trung ch yu
vo thy lang, khi h khng nh s tip tc thu hi cy v lm v thuc trong
cc bi thuc ca mnh. Cn ngi dn chuyn sang s dng du gi, b
kt va r va d s dng hn.
Hu ht cc thy lang ngi dn tc Sn Chay khng nh vn s s
dng cy trong tng lai lm thuc, cn ngi dn phn ln l nhng
ngi trung tui tr ln th vn mun s dng gi u, xng cho khi nhc
u; cn i a s ngi tr tui th h khng mun s dng v khi au u
h s mua thuc ty v ung.
3.3.3.3. Vic trng, thu hi v bun bn cy
Theo ghi nhn ca chng ti th trn a bn iu tra khu vc ngi dn
tc Sn Chay sinh sng c 2 cy c trng, khu vc ngi Dao c 3 cy, cn
li khu vc ngi Ty v ngi Thi khng trng cy no. Nguyn nhn do
vic k thut trng kh v do tm l ngi dn li vo vic cy c trong
rng. Do ngun nguyn liu s dng vn ch yu ph thuc vo vic i
rng hi cy.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Sn Chay Dao Ty Thi
Khng
C
-
45
Vic thu hi, ngi dn tc Dao v Sn Chay ch yu s dng l v
thn, h rt him khi o ly r v s cht cy. Trong khi th ngi dn tc
Thi v Ty th thng tp trung vo khai thc thn v r, t khi s dng l.
Cha ghi nhn vic thu mua cy, cc thy lang ch yu t i hi hoc
nh ngi thn i hi trong rng.
Nhn xt:
thc thu hi ca ngi dn tc Dao v Sn Chay l tt, c thc bo
tn ti nguyn cy Dy ng ca. Cn ngi dn tc Thi v Ty th cn s
dng lng ph, thc bo tn cy Dy ng ca cn cha cao.
3.4. Th tc dng tng lc ca l cy Dy ng ca
3.4.1. nh hng ca cao 2:1 ln s tng trng th trng chut
Trong qu trnh nghin cu, chut cc l u n ung bnh thng,
mt sng, lng mt, phn kh, nc tiu bnh thng.
Sau khi s dng kim nh Shapiro-Wilk normality test (ph lc 7) ta thy
tng trng khi lng chut ca sau khi ung cao 2:1 ca c 4 nhm u phn
b theo phn phi chun nn ta dng kim nh Anova so snh s khc
nhau v s tng trng khi lng gia cc nhm.
Gi thit H0: Khng c s khc bit v s tng trng khi lng ca
chut gia 4 nhm sau khi ung cao 2:1(i vi nhm th) v ung nc (i
vi nhm chng).
Bng 3.5. Khi lng chut tng sau 7 ngy ca 4 l
L chut Khi lng chut tng sau 7 ngy (gam)
L chng 5,082 1,974
L ung cao 2:1 liu 6 g/kg 4,542 3,129
L ung cao 2:1 liu 12 g/kg 4,558 2,222
L ung cao 2:1 liu 24 g/kg 4,054 2,768
(S liu biu din di dng X SD)
-
46
Kt qu
p-value= 0.814> 0.05, khng c s khc bit v s tng trng khi
lng gia 4 nhm.
Kt lun
Nh vy, vi 3 mc liu liu 6 g/kg, 12 g/kg v 24 g/kg khng th hin
tc dng tng trng khi lng chut sau 7 ngy ung thuc.
3.4.2. nh gi tc dng ca cao 2:1
Ch c thi gian bi ca chut l chng l phn b theo phn phi
chun (p>0.05); cn thi gian bi ca chut l liu 1, l liu 2 v l liu 3 l
phn b theo phn phi khng chun (Ph lc 8). Do ta c th s dng test
Kruskal -Wallis test kim nh gi thit Ho: Khng c s khc bit v
thi gian bi gia cc nhm
.
Hnh 3.9. Biu box plot v thi gian bi ca chut 4 l
-
47
Kt qu
p-value= 0.9451 > 0.05.
Kt lun
Cha th loi b gi thit H0, ngha l cha c s khc bit v thi
gian bi gia 4 l chut.
Nh vy, vi 3 mc liu liu 6 g/kg, 12 g/kg v 24 g/kg cha th hin tc
dng tng lc sau 7 ngy ung thuc.
3.5. Bn lun
3.5.1. V phng php
3.5.1.1. Phng php iu tra cng ng
V phng php:
iu tra x hi hc s dng phng php phng vn vi b cu hi bn
cu trc. Do c mi quan h tt vi ngi dn a phng ti 3 vng tin
hnh iu tra Thi Nguyn, Tuyn Quang v in Bin nn vic s dng
phng php ny l ph hp. C th l s tit kim c thi gian v chi ph
mc ti a, s thu c kt qu chnh xc v trung thc v ngi dn s tin
tng,thoi mi hp tc trong qu trnh tin hnh iu tra.
+ u im ca phng vn bn cu trc :
S dng bn hng dn phng vn s tit kim thi gian phng vn.
Danh mc cc cu hi gip xc nh r nhng vn cn thu thp
thng tin nhng vn cho php linh hot cn thit tho lun cc vn
mi ny sinh.
- D dng h thng ho v phn tch cc thng tin thu c .
+ Nhc im: Cn phi c thi gian thm d trc ch quan tm
xc nh ch nghin cu v thit k cu hi ph hp.
V cch chn mu ngu nhin phn tng:
-
48
+ u im:
To ra mi tng mt s ng nht v cc yu t c chn phn
tng, do s gim c s chnh lch gia cc c th, mang li mt s c
lng chnh xc hn so vi kiu chn mu n.
- Qu trnh thu thp d liu thng d dng hn so vi mu ngu nhin
n. Gi thnh chi ph cho mt quan st trong cuc iu tra c th thp hn
do s phn tng qun th thun li cho vic nghin cu.
- Ngoi ra vic thu thp c thng tin v s phn b c trng trn
ton b qun th, ng thi li c thm nhng nhn nh ring cho tng tng.
+ Nhc im:
Cng nh k thut chn mu ngu nhin n, danh sch tt c cc c
th trong mi tng phi c lit k v c mang mt s ngu nhin. iu
ny trn thc t i khi kh thc hin.
S lng mu:
S dng ng cong tri thc s dng quyt nh s lng mu
NCCT. C ngha l khi phng vn thm NCCT m s tri thc s dng c
cung cp b lp li vi NCCT trc v khng c thm tri thc s dng mi th
dng iu tra.
+ u im: tnh linh ng, va thu c mt lng thng tin va li
tit kim c chi ph, thi gian, cng sc.
+ Nhc im: c th b thiu mt vi tri thc s dng c bit m
ch mt s t ngi trong cng ng bit.
3.5.1.2. Phng php th tc dng sinh hc
Phng php chut bi nghin cu tc dng tng lc (Brekhman,
1951) l phng php u tin c xy dng xc nh bn nh lng
hot tnh sinh hc ca nhn sm v cc thuc c tc dng tng t. Phng
php thun tin v n gin, cho php xc nh tnh n nh ca sc lc ca
c ng vt.
-
49
3.5.2. V kt qu
3.5.2.1. c im thc vt v gim nh tn khoa hc
Qua theo di trong mt thi gian di vn cha thu c b phn sinh
sn ca cy Dy ng ca, nhng khi so snh vi m t trong cc ti liu: Cy
c Vit Nam II [11], T in thc vt thng dng II [7], Thc vt ch Trung
Quc [44], Thc vt ch Thi Lan [31], v c bit l khi so snh vi mu tiu
bn ca phng tiu bn Khoa Sinh hc ca trng i hc Khoa hc T
nhin (VNU), i hc Quc gia H Ni (Ph lc 1), Vn thc vt Hong
gia Kew (Ph lc 2), Herbier Museum Paris ( Ph lc 3), thy c s trng
khp. Hn th na, chi Securidaca c khong 80 loi: ch yu vng nhit
i chu M, mt s lng nh cc loi phn b cc vng nhit i ca
chu Phi v chu . Vit Nam mi ch ghi nhn s c mt ca 1 loi trong
chi Securidaca l Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk. [7], [8]. Kt lun mu
cy thu c Thi Nguyn, in Bin, Tuyn Quang c tn khoa hc l
Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., h Polygalaceae.
c im vi phu (l v thn) c lng che ch n bo nm p st vo
b mt l v thn; t bo m cng ha g mt dy c nm ngay bn ngoi
libe, xp lin tc to thnh hnh vng cung hoc hnh trn; m mm v v m
mm rut cha nhiu tinh bt, hnh a hoc hnh trn.
c im bt ca cy Dy ng ca c lng che ch n bo; tinh bt
rt nhiu, hnh trn hoc hnh a, rn ht phn nhnh, vn khng r; nhiu b
si; t bo m cng hnh a gic thun di u nhn hoc u t, vch dy,
mu vng nu, thng ng tp trung thnh m. Nhng c im c trng
ny l c s cho vic xy dng tiu chun kim nghim dc liu sau ny.
3.5.2.2. Cc hp cht t nhin trong cy
Ngoi cc nhm cht m cc nghin cu trn th gii ch ra trong
thn c acid, sterol, saponin th chng ti cn xc nh thm c trong thn
-
50
v r cy c flavonoid, ng kh, acid amin, polyphenol. Cn trong l cy
th cha thy ghi nhn trong cc nghin cu trc. Kt qu nh tnh s b
ca chng ti ch ra l c s khc bit v thnh phn ha hc ca l v thn, l
v r, nhng cc nhm hp cht c trong r v thn l ging nhau. V qua
thc t s dng ca ngi dn 4 dn tc th ta nhn thy khng c s khc
nhau v vic s dng thn v r, ngi dn trn ln c thn v r s dng.
Theo cc nghin cu trn th gii (Bng 1.1) th thn v r u cha cc
nhm cht acid, xanthone v saponin, nhng khi phn tch thnh phn cht
trong thn v r ngoi cc cht nhau th vn cn mt s cc cht ch c trong
r m khng c trong thn v ngc li. Nh vy cn thm cc nghin cu
chuyn su hn v thnh phn ha hc v tc dng dc l ca thn v r
xem liu thnh phn c tc dng dc l c phi u c trong thn v r
khng v xem cch ngi dn s dng r v thn nh th c an ton, hiu qu
khng.
3.5.2.3. Tri thc s dng ca cc dn tc
C s khc bit v vic nhn ng cy v cch s dng gia ngi dn
4 dn tc vi nhau v gia ngi dn v thy lang:
Hu ht cc thy lang ca 4 dn tc u nhn ng cy v h cn s
dng cy trong cc bi thuc cha bnh ca mnh.
V ngi dn ca 4 dn tc th c t l ngi dn nhn thc ng cy
gim dn theo th t Dao, Thi, Ty, Sn Chay. Mt s nguyn nhn do:
+ Ngi dn tc Dao nhn thc ng cy v h cn ang s dng l v
thn non ca cy nu canh vi trng v tht nc cho ph n ang mang
thai hoc sau khi sinh n cho khe. Ngi bnh thng n vo khe, nn bnh
thng h vn thu hi l v nu canh n. Hn th na ti a bn iu tra
dn tc Dao chng ti ghi nhn c 2 h gia nh trng c 3 cy, v ngi
dn xung quanh thi thong ti xin l v thn non v nu n.
-
51
+ Ngi dn tc Thi ch bit s dng v cy gi ra gi u cho sch
gu, nn nhng ngi trung tui bit nhiu hn so vi ngi tr tui, v ngi
tr tui gi s dng du gi u lm sch gu.
+ Ngi dn tc Ty ch bit s dng v cy gi ra gi u cho sch
gu, tng t nh ngi dn tc Thi, nhng do khu rng ti a bn iu tra
ngi dn tc Ty b pht trng keo nn ngi dn t i rng hn v
ngi tr tui s khng bit v cy. Cn khu rng ti a bn iu tra dn tc
Thi theo ghi nhn trong nhng ln i rng vi ngi dn th vn cn nhiu
cy Dy ng ca nn mi ln c vic vo rng nh chn tru, kim c nu c
gp th ngi dn vn mang v s dng.
+ Ngi dn tc Sn Chay th bit s dng l cy p ln u cha
au nhc u v dng l gi u cho tc mt, tc khng b ch ngn. Nhng
do rng b tn ph, khng trng c cy ti nh nn ngi dn ngy cng t
s dng, ngi tr tui s khng bit v cy. V khi b au u ngi dn
mua thuc ty v ung va r li tin dng.
V cng dng v cch s dng:
C s khc bit gia cch s dng cy Dy ng ca gia thy lang v
ngi dn. Ngi dn ch yu bit s dng cy Dy ng ca n cho khe,
gi u cho mt tc, sch gu , tm cho khe. Cn thy lang th s bit nhiu
cch s dng cha bnh hn. Chng t tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca
khng c ph bin rng ri trong cng ng m ch tp trung nhng
ngi thy lang.
C s ging nhau v b phn v cch ch bin s dng gia cc thy
lang ca 4 dn tc. V cc nghin cu su v cy Dy ng ca trn th gii
ch ra cc thnh phn c tc dng nh Spinasterol [23] v 1,3,7-
Trihydroxyxanthone [22], [28] c chit t thn r c tc dng chng vim,
cht Securiosides A v B [30], [37] c chit t r cy iu tr cc bnh
-
52
vim nhim nh vim khp dng thp v x va ng mch. Theo quyn T
in cy thuc Vit Nam [7], [8] ghi nhn vic s dng r v v r tr n
ng tn thng, phong thp au xng, vim d dy - rut cp tnh. Nh vy
l c c s khoa hc trong vic s dng cc b phn nh thn, r iu tr
cc bnh nh au nhc xng khp, sau tai bin, au nhc u; tuy nhin cn
nghin cu thm v cch ch bin v cch s dng. Cha c nghin cu no
m t vic s dng l cy Dy ng ca.
Hin trng s dng cy Dy ng ca:
Cc thy lang hin vn ang v s tip tc s dng cy Dy ng ca
cha bnh, h tin tng vo tc dng ca cy Dy ng ca, c bit l cha
cc bnh au nhc xng khp, chn thng, vt bm tm, Cc thy lang
dn tc Dao, Sn Chay thng thu hi l v thn, t s dng r; h c
thc v vic bo tn cy thuc bng cch trng cy Dy ng ca ti vn nh
tin cho vic thu hi v s dng. Cc thy lang dn tc Thi, Ty vn thu
hi trong rng l chnh, h thng thu hi thn v r.
Ngi dn ca 4 dn tc hin nay t s dng v kh tm c cy Dy
ng ca do rng b cht ph nhiu, do h ch bit s dng n cho khe, tm
cho khe, gi u cho sch gu, au nhc u nn h c th dng nhng cch
khc thay th cc cng dng , nh dng du gi du, thuc ty va r,
va tin dng. V th nn ngy cng t ngi dn s dng v ngi tr tui
dn dn khng bit v cy Dy ng ca.
3.5.2.4. Tc dng dc l
Vic tc dng tng lc cha th hin trn chut c th l do:
+ Mc liu cn thp cha nng thuc trong c th th hin tc
dng.
Do c nghin cu no trc m t vic s dng l cy Dy ng ca
nn chng ti thc hin vic d liu th trn chut da vo mc liu quy i
-
53
t liu dng cho ngi. Nhng do khc nhau v mt gii phu sinh l gia
ngi v chut nn vi mc liu trn ngi th hin tc dng th cng cha
chc mc liu th hin tc dng trn chut.
+ C mt s nghin cu thit k th tc dng tng lc ca dc liu:
Nghin cu tc dng tng lc ca cng thc phi hp dc liu Thin
nin kin v Bch bnh: S dng nghim php chut bi Brekhman, thi gian
cho chut ung thuc l 7 v 14 ngy lin tc [14].
Nghin cu tc dng tng lc ca dch chit l cy Hng nhu ta
(Ocimum sanctum) trn chut vi nghim php chut bi, cho chut ung
trong 14 ngy [29].
Nghin cu tc dng tng lc ca dch chit r cy Rhodiola
sachalinensis: S dng nghim php chut bi, thi gian th 28 ngy [21].
- Nghin cu tc dng tng lc ca cy Sm Nga (Acanthopanax senticosus):
S dng nghim php chut bi, thi gian th l 28 ngy [35].
Nh vy, do vic thit k m hnh th tc dng tng lc ca dch chit
l cy Dy ng ca da nghim php chut bi Brekhman, cho chut ung
thuc lin tc trong 7 ngy l mt khong thi gian cn ngn. Nghin cu
mi ch dng li mc d liu tc dng, cn thit k nghin cu trong nhng
khong thi gian di hn c th l 14 ngy v 28 ngy.
Trong nghin cu th tc dng tng lc [21], [29], [35] ngoi theo di
khi lng v thi gian bi ca chut ngi ta cn theo di cc ch s nh
acid lactic, glycogen, glucose trong mu v cc ch s ha sinh hemoglobin,
nng ure trong mu, nng enzym creatine kinase. y l nhng du
hiu nh gi s mt mi th cht.
Qua vic iu tra tri thc s dng ca ngi dn tc Dao Thi
Nguyn ta nhn thy ngi dn rt tin tng vo vic n l cy cho khe hn
( tin cy Fv= 1), hn th na cy Dy ng ca cn c ngi dn gi vi
-
54
tn l cy ng lc, chng t s ghi nhn ca ngi dn v tc dng lm
ngi khe mnh hn c c kt t xa truyn li. V vy vic cha th
hin tc dng tng lc trn chut c th do mc liu thp v thi gian cho
chut ung dch chit cn ngn.
-
55
PHN IV: KT LUN V XUT
4.1. Kt lun
4.1.1. V thc vt
Tin hnh thu mu v m t, phn tch cc c im thc vt ca cy
Dy ng ca thu hi Thi Nguyn, Tuyn Quang, in Bin v xc nh
tn khoa hc l Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk..
m t c im vi phu l v thn, c im bt l v thn ca cy
Dy ng ca vi nhng c im kh r rng, gp phn vo cng vic xy
dng tiu chun kim nghim dc liu v lm c s cho cc nghin cu su
hn v cy Dy ng ca.
4.1.2. V cc hp cht t nhin c trong cy Dy ng ca
tin hnh nh tnh cc nhm cht t nhinhp cht c trong l,
thn, r ca cy Dy ng ca theo phng php ha hc v s b xc nh
c cc thnh phn ha hc: trong l cy Dy ng ca l flavonoid, ng
kh, acid amin, tanin, polysaccharid v polyphenol; trong thn v r cy c
flavonoid, ng kh, acid amin, acid hu c, sterol, polyphenol v saponin.
4.1.3. V iu tra tri thc s dng
tin hnh iu tra tri thc s dng ca ngi dn tc Sn Chay x
i Cn, thnh ph Tuyn Quang, tnh Tuyn Quang; ngi dn tc Ty v
Dao x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi Nguyn; ngi dn tc Thi
x Hua Thanh, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin:
+ C s ngi tham gia phng vn ca cc dn tc Dao, Sn Chay,
Ty, Thi ln lt l 17; 30; 13 v 39 ngi.
+ Thu c cc tri thc s dng cy Dy ng ca vi tng cng 18
cng dng vi cch ch bin v cch s dng tng ng ca 4 dn tc, trong
c 7cng dng chung ca 4 dn tc l au lng xng khp, chn thng,
bm tm, sau tai bin, d dy, gi u, au nhc u, tm khe.
-
56
+ nh gi hin trng s dng cy Dy ng ca trong cng ng:
cc thy lang ca 4 dn tc hin vn ang v s tip tc s dng cy Dy ng
ca lm thuc cha bnh; ngi dn tc Dao th hin vn ang tip tc s
dng n hng ngy; cn ngi dn tc Sn Chay, Ty, Thi t s dng hn
v nhu cu s dng trong tng lai khng cao.
4.1.4. V th tc dng dc l
tin hnh th tc dng tng lc trn chut nht trng vi 3 mc liu
6g /kg ttc, 12g / 1kg ttc v 24g/ 1kg ttc, cha th hin tc dng tng lc sau 7
ngy ung.
4.2. xut
Tip tc theo di thu mu b phn sinh sn ca cy Dy ng ca
b sung vo mu tiu bn lu tr phng tiu bn.
Nghin cu su hn v cc thnh phn ha hc c trong cy Dy ng
ca.
Th tc dng sinh hc ca cy Dy ng ca da trn nhng tri thc s
dng thu c trong cuc iu tra: au lng xng khp, sau tai bin, d
dy, au nhc u.
Nghin cu thm v liu gy c v tc dng tng lc ca l cy Dy
ng ca trn chut vi mc liu cao hn liu th, thi gian tin hnh th
cc khong thi gian l 14 ngy v 28 ngy, theo di cc ch s ha sinh nh
glycogen, glycose, ure, acid lactic, hemoglobin, creatinin kinase trong mu.
-
TI LIU THAM KHO
Ting Vit
1. Vi Vn An, Hong B, Nguyn Trung Dng, L Duy i, V Thu
Giang, Nguyn Anh Ngc, Nguyn Vn Huy, Lu Hng , Phm Vn
Li, V Mai Phng, Chu Thi Sn, Mai Thanh Sn, B Trng Thnh,
Trn Th Thu Thu, Cm Trng, La Cng (2010), Cng ng cc dn
tc Vit Nam, NXB Gio dc Vit Nam, tr. 60-63, 154-156, 162-165,
170-174.
2. L nh Bch, Trn Vn n (2007), Thc vt hc, NXB Y hc, H
Ni.
3. Nguyn Thanh Bnh (2007), Dch t Dc hc, NXB Y hc.
4. B mn Dc liu, Trng i hc Dc H Ni (2006), Thc tp
Dc liu - Kim nghim dc liu bng phng php ha hc.
5. B mn Thc vt, Trng i hc Dc H Ni (2004), Thc tp
Thc vt v nhn thc cy thuc.
6. B Y t (2010), Dc in Vit Nam 4, ph lc 1HT , 1.1.
7. V Vn Chi (2004), T in thc vt thng dng tp 2, NXB Khoa
hc v k thut, H Ni, tr.2248-2249.
8. V Vn Chi (2012), T in cy thuc Vit Nam, NXB Y hc, H
Ni, tr.375, 1453.
9. Chnh Ph (2012), Ngh quyt s 45/NQ-CP ca Chnh ph: Ngh
quyt v vic iu chnh a gii hnh chnh thnh lp n v hnh
chnh cp x, cp huyn thuc tnh in Bin.
10. Trng Th p (2007), Thc vt dc , NXB Gio dc, H Ni.
11. Phm Hong H (2000), Cy c Vit Nam, tp 2, NXB Tr, thnh
ph H Ch Minh, tr. 348, 354.
-
12. Trn Hng (2012), Gio trnh Phng php nghin cu dc liu,
i hc Y Dc thnh ph H Ch Minh.
13. Gary J. Martin (2002), Thc vt dn tc hc, Nh xut bn nng
nghip.
14. L Th M Tho, Kho st mt s tc dng ca cng thc phi hp
dc liu Thin nin kin (Homalomela occulta) v Bch bnh
(eurycoma longifolia) trn chut nht trng, i hc Khoa hc T
nhin.
15. UBND x Hua Thanh (2013), Bo co tnh hnh thc hin nhim
v KTXH- ANQP nm 2013, phng hng nhim v nm 2014.
16. UBND x i Cn (2013), Bo co tnh hnh thc hin nhim v
KTXH- ANQP nm 2013, phng hng nhim v nm 2014.
18. UBND x X Yn Ninh (2001), Bo co quy hoc s dng t ai
x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi Nguyn thi k 2001 - 2010.
19. UBND x Yn Ninh (2013), Bo co tnh hnh thc hin nhim v
KTXH - ANQP nm 2013, phng hng nhim v nm 2014.
20. Vin Dc liu (2006), Phng php nghin cu tc dng dc l
ca thuc t dc tho, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni, tr. 295.
Ting Anh
21. Fenglin Li, Furen Xiao, Junsheng Qi (2013), Anti-fatigue effects
of polysaccharides extracted from Rhodiolae Radix, International
Current Pharmaceutical Journal, 2(3): 49-52.
22. Jiaju Zhou, Giurong Xie, Xinjian Yan (2011), Encyclopedia of
Traditional Chinese Medicines Vol.2, Springer , Berlin, pp. 174,191,
415.
23. Jiaju Zhou, Giurong Xie, Xinjian Yan (2011), Encyclopedia of
Traditional Chinese Medicines Vol. 4, Springer ,Berlin , pp. 585.
24. Jiaju Zhou, Giurong Xie, Xinjian Yan (2011), Encyclopedia of
-
Traditional Chinese Medicines Vol. 5, Springer ,Berlin , pp. 562.
25. Jian Zuo, Cong-Lan Ji,Yan Xia,Xiang Li, and Jian-Wei Chen
(2014), Xanthones as -glucosidase inhibitors from the
antihyperglycemic", Pharmaceutical biologyl.
26. Kang-Yi Su, Chao Yuan Yu, Yeu-Wen Chen (2014), Rutin, a
Falavonoid and principal component of Saussurea Involucrata,
attenuates physical fatigue in a forced swimming mouse model, 11
(5), pp. 528-537.
27. Li-Jie Zhang , Xue-Dong Yang , Li-Zhen Xu, Zhong-Mei Zou &
Shi-Lin Yang (2006), A new sterol glycoside from Securidaca
inappendiculata Hassk., Journal of Asian Natural Products Research,
pp.649-653.
28. Lin LL, Huang F, Chen SB, Yang DJ, Chen SL, Yang JS, Xiao PG
(2005), Xanthones from the roots of Polygala caudata and their
antioxidation and vasodilatation activities in vitro, Planta Med, 71
(4), pp.372-5.
29. M.P. Venu Prasad, Farhath Khanum (2012),Antifatigue activity of
ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum in rats , Research Journal of
Medicinal Plant, Vol 6, pp. 37-46.
30. Minpei Kuroda,Yoshihiro Mimaki,Yutaka Sashida,Mikio
Kitahara,Masatoshi Yamazakic and Satoru Yuic (2000), Securiosides
A and B, Novel Acylated Triterpene Bisdesmosides with Selective
Cytotoxic Activity Against M-CSF-Stimulated Macrophages,
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 11, pp.371- 374.
31. Thawatchai Santisuk, Kai Larsen (2001), Flora of Thailand Vol 7
(3), Prachachon CO LTD, ThaiLand, pp. 524-524.
32. Wen-Yi Kang, Zhe-Ming Wang, Zheng-Quan Li, and Xiao-Jie Xu
(2005), Three New Compounds from Securidaca inappendiculata
-
Hassk., Helvetica Chimica Acta Vol. 88, pp.2771-2776.
33. Wen-Yi Kang, Zhi-Qiang Ji, Jin-Mei Wang (2008), A new
xanthone from the roots of Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk.,
Chemical Papers, 63 (1), pp.102104.
34. Xue-Dong Yang, Li-Zhen Xu, Shi-Lin Yang (2001), Xanthones
from the stems of Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., Phytochemistry
58 , pp.1245-1249.
35. Xue-Ling Zhang, Feng Ren, Wei Huang, Ren-Tao Ding, Qiu-
Sheng Zhou, Xin-Wei Liu (2011), Anti-fatigue sctivity of extracts of
stem bark from Acanthopanax senticosus, Molecules journal 16,pp.
28-37.
36. Yang XD1, An N, Xu LZ, Yang SL (2002), New xanthone
glycosides from Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., J Asian Nat
Prod Res, 4 (2):141-5
37. Yui S, Kudo T, Hodono K, Mimaki Y, Kuroda M, Sashida
Y, Yamazaki M (2003), Characterization of the growth-inhibitory
and apoptosis-inducing activities of a triterpene saponin, securioside B
against BAC1.2F5 macrophages, Mediators Inflamm, 12 (3), pp. 157-
66.
Ting Trung Quc
38. Kang WY, Li CF, Song YL (2008), Antioxidant xanthones from
Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 33
(16):1982-5.
39. Shi L, Kang WY (2008), Study on chemical constituents in
rhizome of Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., Zhongguo Zhong Yao
Za Zhi, 33 (7) :780-2.
40. Yang XD, Xu LZ , Yang SL (2001), Organic acid constituents
from the stem of Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., Zhongguo
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Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 26 (4):258-60.
41. Yang XD 1, Xu LZ , Yang SL (2008), Studies on the chemical
constituentsa of Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., Yao Xue Xue
Bao, 37 (5) :348-51.
42. Yang Xue-Dong, Liu Jiang-Yun, Xu L i, Xu L i-Zhen,Yang Shi-
Lin (2003), New Sucrose Esters from Securidaca inappendiculata
Hassk., Chemical journal of Chinese universities, Vol 24, pp. 61-63.
43. Zhang LJ , Zhang L , Xu LZ , Yang XD , Zou ZM , Yang SL
(2005), A new benzophenone from the root of Securidaca
inappendiculata Hassk., Yao Xue Xue Bao, 40 (6) :536-8.
Internet
44. www.efloras.org.
-
PH LC
Ph lc 1: Mu tiu bn ca phng tiu bn Khoa Sinh hc, i hc
khoa hc t nhin, i hc Quc gia H Ni
-
Ph lc 2: Tiu bn ca phng tiu bn Vn thc vt Hong gia
Kew
-
Ph lc 3: Tiu bn ca phng tiu bn Herbier Museum Paris -
Museum National dHistoire Naturelle (m tiu bn: P02576529)
-
Ph lc 4: B cu hi phng vn
B CU HI
I. PHN THNG TIN C NHN
1.Tn ngi: .. Gii tnh:
2.Tui:
3. Thn X..
4. Dn tc:..
5. Loi gia nh (Ngho, Trung bnh, Kh gi, Giu?)
6. Ngh nghip (chnh)?
7. Nu lm thuc:
a. S nm lm ngh thuc:
b. Hc ngh t ai:
8. Trong gia nh cn c ai lm ngh thuc hay khng:
9. Ngun thuc dng cha bnh ly t u (mua li, trng, i
rng?...)
II. PHN CHNH
1.Tn gi ca cy: (tn ph thng, tn a phng)
2. Bit cy v tri thc s dng ny t ai:
3. Dch ngha: .
4. c im nhn dng: . (hoa, l, mi, mu, qu,.)
5. Phn b (hay Ni sng v Sinh thi):
6. Ma hoa: Ma qu: .
7. Cng dng: ..
8. B phn dng:
9. Ch bin..
10. Cch dng
-
11. Liu dng?..
12. Dng ring hay kt hp vo bi thuc? Bi g? C bao nhiu v.
Vai tr trong bi thuc?....
13. Ghi ch khc v s dng v ch bin
14.Mc s dng (C th cho im t 1 3 sao)
15. C mun tip tc s dng trong tng lai khng
16. Thu mua: (V d nh ai thu mua, thu b phn g, gi bao nhiu?
thu mua nhiu nm cha? Thu lm g.)
17. Mc sn c hay him trong t nhin
18. Tr lng tng hay gim so vi nhng nm trc y? trng
trt cha? Ly ging t u? K thut trng? Cc kh khn v k thut
trng,
-
Ph lc 5: Danh sch ngi cung cp tin
a. Ngi dn tc Dao v Ty, x Yn Ninh, huyn Ph Lng, tnh Thi
Nguyn.
STT H v tn Thy lang Dn tc a ch thn
1 Triu Th L Dao Sui Bc
2 ng Th Hoa Dao Sui Bc
3 ng Th Sn Dao Sui Bc
4 Triu Th Hng Dao Sui Bc
5 Hong Th Hi Dao Sui Bc
6 Triu Th Vin Dao Sui Bc
7 Triu c t Dao Sui Bc
8 ng Th Nga Dao Sui Bc
9 Triu Kim Vng Dao Sui Bc
10 Hong Th L Dao Sui Bc
11 Triu Th Lnh Dao Sui Hang
12 Triu Vn c Dao Sui Hang
13 Triu Hu Ha Dao Sui Hang
14 Triu Th Hoa Dao Sui Hang
15 La Ti Phc Dao Sui Hang
16 Triu c Nguyn Dao Sui Hang
17 Triu Th Nht B Dao Sui Hang
18 M Vn Bng Ty Bc B
19 Hong Th Hng Ty ng Ph 2
20 Thung Th Tuyt Ty ng Ph 2
21 Hong Th Lnh Ty ng Ph 2
22 H Th Thnh Ty ng Ph 2
23 Nng Th Trng Ty ng Ph 2
-
24 Nng Th Hu Ty ng Ph 2
25 inh Th Ti Ty ng Ph 2
26 Nng Th ng Ty ng Ph 2
27 M Vn Vit Ty ng nh
28 inh Thanh Nga Ty Bng Ninh
29 Nng Th Hin Ty Bng Ninh
30 inh Vn By Ty Bng Ninh
b. Ngi dn tc Sn Chay x i Cn, thnh ph Tuyn Quang, tnh
Tuyn Quang.
STT H v tn Thy lang a ch
1 Trn Vn Trng Khe Cua 1
2 u Vn Ti Khe Cua 1
3 L Th Hu Khe Cua 1
4 Th Hoa Khe Cua 1
5 Trn Th Linh Khe Cua 1
6 Vng Vn Ngc Khe Cua 1
7 Trng Th Lc Khe Cua 1
8 Phan Th Thi Khe Cua 1
9 u Vn Hoa Khe Cua 1
10 u Vn Dng Khe Cua 1
11 Trn Th Ngc Khe Cua 1
12 Phan Th Lng Khe Cua 1
13 u Th Ngn Khe Cua 1
14 Trn Th Nng Khe Cua 1
15 Vng Th La Khe Cua 1
16 Hong Th Tnh Khe Cua 1
17 Trn Vn Hi Khe Cua 1
-
18 La Th Hin Khe Cua 1
19 u Vn Khang Khe Cua 1
20 Vng Th Bnh Khe Cua 1
21 Vng Th Vui Khe Cua 1
22 Trn Th M Khe Cua 1
23 Trn Th Ti Khe Cua 1
24 Trng Vn Mnh Khe Cua 1
25 Hong Th La Khe Cua 1
26 u Vn Tnh Khe Cua 1
27 Phan Vn Gip Khe Cua 1
28 Tm Th Quang ng Mon
29 Th Hoa Ph An 2
30 Trn Th Sinh ng Mon
c. Ngi dn tc Thi, x Hua Thanh, huyn in Bin, tnh in Bin.
STT H v tn Thy lang a ch
1 L Th L Na H
2 Qung Th Hong Na H
3 L Th Bng Na H
4 Qung Vn Pu Na H
5 L Th i Na H
6 u Th Thanh Na H
7 L Vn n Na H
8 L Vn Lng Na H
9 Qung Vn Thip Na H
10 Tng Th L Na H
11 L Th L Na H
12 L Th n Na H
-
13 L Vn Pa Na H
14 L Th Qu Na H
15 Tng Chnh N Ten
16 Tng Vn Ni N Ten
17 L Vn Mun N Ten
18 L Th Tm N Ten
19 L Th Mng N Ten
20 L Th Hoa N Ten
21 L Vn Trung N Ten
22 L Th Tuyn N Ten
23 Qung Th i N Ten
24 L Th n N Ten
25 L Th i N Ten
26 L Th Dit N Ten
27 L Th nh N Ten
28 ng Vn n Bn Mn
29 Qung Th i Bn Mn
30 L Th Phc Bn Mn
31 L Vn Pin Bn Mn
32 L Th Xm Bn Mn
33 L Th Thnh Bn Mn
34 L Th Pnh Bn Mn
35 L Th Hoa Bn Mn
36 Qung Vn Sinh Bn Tu
37 L TH Do Bn Tu
38 L Th Pen Bn Tu
39 L Th Tuyt Bn Tu
-
Ph lc 6: Khi lng v thi gian bi ca 4 l chut
L
chng m1 m2
Thi gian
bi
L
liu
1
m1 m2
Thi
gian
bi
1 31 38 73 1 19.5 21 135
2 19 24 467 2 20 27 245
3 21 27 287 3 24 27 352
4 19.7 24 86 4 19 20 133
5 26 30 184 5 23 25 270
6 22.3 24 187 6 34 36 130
7 19.6 28 163 7 19.5 22.5 284
8 17.4 24 225 8 18 24 459
9 16.5 22 197 9 14 20 237
10 16.9 22 332 10 22 28 167
11 19.7 22 466 11 15 27 621
12 22.4 30
12 19 24 261
mtb0
20.958
33 26.25 242.4545 mtb1
20.5833
3 25.125 274.5
SD
4.1339
96 4.71217 133.7029 SD
5.12051
7
4.43193
5
146.037
7
SE
1.1933
82
1.36028
6 38.59671 SE
1.47816
6
1.27938
9
42.1574
4
L liu
2 m1 m2
Thi gian
bi
L
liu
3 m1 m2
Thi
gian
bi
1 17.5 23 123 1 20 24 173
L liu m1 m2 Thi gian L m1 m2 Thi
-
2 bi liu
3
gian
bi
2 16 23 211 2 18 25 557
3 18 23 482 3 36 41 70
4 15 16 188 4 19 23 403
5 33 37 286 5 16.8 20 130
6 21.5 28 141 6 18.8 22 268
7 20.6 26 230 7 19.3 23 647
8 18 24 308 8 21 23 160
9 24 29 202 9 21.6 25 75
10 17.7 24 1200 10 24 30 246
11 31.2 31 89 11 21.8 19 182
12 18.8 22 1200 12 25 30 296
mtb2
20.941
67 25.5 388.3333 13 21 30 1200
SD
5.7555
44
5.28290
6 392.6426 14 17.2 28
SE
1.6614
82
1.52504
3 113.3462 mtb3
21.3928
6
25.9285
7 339
SD
4.82500
9
5.62226
7
312.693
7
SE
1.28953
8
1.50261
4 83.5709
-
Ph lc 7: Kim nh phn phi chun ca s tng trng
lng chut
L
Gi tr
L chng L liu 1 L liu 2 L liu 3
W 0.9787 0.8847 0.8703 0.9127
p-value 0.9586 0.1007 0.0659 0.1997
-
Ph lc 8: Kim nh phn phi chun ca thi gian bi
L
Gi tr
L chng L liu 1 L liu 2 L liu 3
W 0.9050 0.8641 0.6799 0.7827
p-value 0.2127 0.0549 0.0005 0.0043
-
Ph lc 9: Mt s hnh nh nghin cu
Phng vn ti cng ng
Cuc sng, sinh hot ca ngi dn
BIA CHINH.pdfBIA PHU.pdfKLTN-TRAN THE DUYET-0901078.pdf