![Page 1: November - 1 jha;t PL • etk;g u; Nguhrpupau; rp.nksdFU · jkpo; kf;f spd; kuG uPj pahd fiy fyh rhu eltbf;iffs; ghuk;g upa $j;J f;f s ; Nghd;w itfs; Gwf;f zpg;G f;F k; ieahz; bf;F](https://reader030.vdocuments.pub/reader030/viewer/2022040707/5e07ba6f9389726a9146c383/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
jkpo; kf;fspd; kuG uPjpahd fiy fyh
rhu eltbf;iffs; ghuk;gupa $j;Jf;fs;
Nghd;witfs; Gwf;fzpg;Gf;Fk; ieahz;
bf;Fk; cl;gl;bUe;j xU fhyj;jpy; ehl;
Lf;$j;J kuig nre;neup kughf epiy
epWj;jp gl;lg;gbg;gpw;fhd fy;tpg; nghU
shf ehl;Lf;$j;ij kPl;nlLj;jtu; tpj;jp-
ahde;jd; mtu;fs;.
me;j kPl;gpid> mtUf;Fg; gpd;dUk; muq;
fpay; MSikAlDk; mu;gzpg;GlDk;
fl;bf; fhj;J tsu;j;njLj;J me;j tsu;r;
rpia mLj;j fl;lj;Jf;F nfhz;L nry;
Yk; Mw;wy; kpf;ftu;fshf ,dk; fhzg;
gLk; rpyUf;Fs; Kf;fpakhdtuhfj; jpfo;
gtu; Nguhrpupau; rp.nksdFU mtu;fs;.
muq;fpaypd; tsu;r;rpf;fhd xU iky;fy;
mtu;.
xU ebfuhf> Muk;gpj;J ehlfhrpupauhf
cUntLj;J> newpahsu;> Ma;thsu;> jpw
dha;thsu; vd tpuptile;jtu;. ntw;wp
fz;ltu;.
vOgJ tajpy; cyhtUk; Nguhrpupau;
nksdFU mtu;fs; kl;lf;fsg;gpd; mkpu;j-
fopapd; rPyhKid fpuhkj;jpy; 9-6-1943y;
gpwe;jtu;. ngw;Nwhu; rpd;idah. Kj;jk;kh.
je;ij rpd;idah mtu;fs; fiyfspy;
ghz;bj;jpak; ngw;wtu;. itj;jpau;. $j;jpy;
Mu;tk; nfhz;ltu;. je;ij topg; gz;Gk;
nksdFUtpd; cs;kdj;jpy; xU fiy-
Qid cUthf;fj; jiyg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.
mkpu;jfop nkjb];l; kp\d; ghlrhiyapy;
gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jNghNj 1948y; jdJ
Ie;Nj tajpy; xU ebfdhf Nkilapy;
Vwpatu;. ,tiu NkilNaw;wpa Kjy;
ehlfk; ngupa itj;jpau;. mjhtJ mg;gh.
,tu; Vw;wpUe;j ghj;jpuKk; ngupa itj;
jpau;jhd;. 1948 ypUe;J 1953 tiuapyhd
fhyj;jpy; nkjb];l; ghlrhiyapy; Ie;J
ehlfq;fspy; ebj;J Ie;jhtJ tFg;G
Kbj;J te;jhW%iy kj;jpa fy;Y}upapy;
1954y; jdJ ,ilepiyf; fy;tpf;fhf
,ize;J nfhz;lhu;.
1960 tiu te;jhW%iy kj;jpa fy;Y}up
apy; fy;tp fw;whu;. ,e;j ,ilepiyf;
fy;tpf; fhyj;jpy; fy;Y}upf; fiy tpohf;
fs;> guprspg;G tpohf;fs; vd;W gj;Jf;Fk;
Nkw;gl;l ehlfq;fspy; Kf;fpa ghj;jpuq;
fs; Vw;W ebj;Js;shu;. ebg;Gr; rpwg;Gf;
fhfg; gy gupRfs; ngw;W kfpo;e;JKs;shu;.
1960y; NkilNawpa ehlfk; ‘ghRgjh];jpuk;’
,J xU tlNkhbf;$j;J. ,jpy; ,tu;
Vw;wpUe;jJ rpt Ntld; ghj;jpuk;.
,e;j ehlfj;ijg; ghu;j;j Nguhrpupau; tpj;-
jpahde;jDf;F ehlfKk; gpbj;jpUe;jJ.
rpt Ntldhf tPupaj;Jld; $j;jhba
khztidAk; gpbj;jpUe;jJ. ,yq;iff;
fiyf;fofj; jkpo; ehlff;FO 1959y;
kl;lf;fsg;gpy; ghlrhiyfSf;fhd $j;
Jg; Nghl;bf;fhf ghRgjh];jpuk; Mlg;gl;
lNghJ rpt Ntldhfg; ghj;jpuNkw;w
khztdpd; ebg;Gj; jpwdhy; tpag;Gw;w
Nguhrpupau; tpj;jpahde;jd; mtu;fs; te;
jhW%iytiu nrd;W nksdFUTf;F
tho;j;Jf; $wpr; nrd;Ws;shu;.
gl;lg;gbg;gpw;fhf Nguhjidf;Fs; nksd-
FU EioAKd;Ng ghRgjh];jpuk; $j;J
gy;fiyf;fofj; jpwe;j ntsp muq;fpw;Fs;
Eioe;J tpl;lJ. R.tpj;jpahde;jd; mij
Nkil Vw;wpdhu;.
cau;fy;tpf;fhf nksdFU mtu;fs; Nguh
jid gy;fiyf;fofk; Nru;e;j Mz;L
1961.
ehl;Lf;$j;J kugpd; Gj;Japu;g;G Kaw;rpf-
spy; R.tpj;jpahde;jd; mtu;fs; <Lgl;b
Ue;j fhyKk; mJ.
,e;jf; fhyj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wpg;
Nguhrpupau; mkuu; rptj;jk;gp mtu;fs; ,g;
gbf;Fwpf;fpd;whu;. ‘<oj;Jj; jkpo;g; gz;
ghl;il aho;g;ghzj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;l
xd;whfNt Nghw;Wk; kuG ePz;lfhykhf
,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. <oj;jpy; thOk; jkpo;
kf;fspilNa aho;g;ghzf;Flh ehl;by;
thOk; jkpoNu me;epa Ml;rp fhyq;f
spy; mur ghu;itf;Fs; te;J fy;tp> nghU
shjhuj;Jiwfspy; jk;ik tsu;j;Jf;
nfhz;ldu;. mg;gb tsu;j;njLf;fg;gl;l
Nkyhz;ik epiy fhuzkhf mtu;fs;
,oe;jit gy. R.tpj;jpahde;jd; mtu;f
spd; ehl;Lf;$j;J kPl;G Kaw;rpahy; <oj;
Jj; jkpo;g; gz;ghl;bd; Ntu;fs; gw;wpa
Njly;fspy;> aho;g;ghzk; ,oe;jit kl;
lf;fsg;G> kd;dhu;> td;dpg; gFjpfspy;
,Ug;gJ njupa te;jJ. <oj;Jj; jkpo;g;
gz;ghl;L cUthf;fj;jpy; kl;lf;fsg;gpd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tw;GWj;jpa ,af;fj;
jpy; Nguhrpupau; tpj;jpahde;jdpd; gq;F
kpfg; ngupaJ….’
,e;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> mNj fhyfl;lj;jpy;
gy;fiyf;fofj;Jf;Fs; Eioe;j kl;lf;f
sg;Gf; fiyQUk; muq;fpay; MSik
Ald; kl;lf;fsg;Gf; $j;Jf;fis ed;f
wpe;jpUe;jtUkhd nksdFUitAk;
Kd;dpiyg; gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ. Nguhrpup
aupd; $j;J kPl;rpg; gzpfSf;fhd jskh
fTk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
1961y; Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;
,ize;j nksdFU mtu;fspd; vOj;J
Utpy; cUthd tlNkhb ehlfk; ‘fu;zd;
Nghu;’ Nguhrpupau; R.tpj;jpahde;jd; jah
upg;gpy; 1962y; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; Nkil
VWfpwJ. gpwF fz;b nfhOk;G aho;g;gh
zk; vd;W gy Nkil fz;l ehlfk; ,J.
nksdFU fu;zdhfTk;> m.rz;Kfjh];
fpU\;zdhfTk; ebj;jdu;.
‘ehl;Lf;$j;J Kiw ,f;fhyj;Jf;F Vw;W
tuhJ vd;w $w;iwg; ngha;ahf;fp ,ir
Ak; Ml;lKk; ,iza te;j rpwg;G jkpo;
ehlf ty;yhu; ,Jtiu milahjJ’
‘kl;lf;fsg;G ehl;Lf;$j;J Kiwapid
Ml;l epiyapypUe;J ehlf epiyf;Ff;
nfhz;L tUk; ,k;Kjy; Kaw;rp ghuhl;
Lf;FupaJ’ vd;W gj;jpupiffs; ghuhl;bap
Ue;jd.
1963: nehz;b ehlfk; - njd;Nkhb ehlfk;.
vOjpatu; rp.nksdFU> jahupg;ghsu;
R.tpj;jpahde;jd;. nksdFU Vw;wpUe;j
ghj;jpuk; nrl;bahu;.
1964: ,uhtNzrd; - tlNkhb ehlfk;>
gpujpahf;fk; - rp.nksdFU> Vw;W ebj;j
ghj;jpuk; - ,uhtzd;. jahupj;jtu; - Nguh
rpupau; R.tpj;jpahde;jd; kl;lf;fsg;Gg;
gy;fiyf;fofk; cs;spl;l 25 f;Fk; Nkw;
gl;l jlitfs; NkilNawpg; GfoPl;ba
ehlfk; ,uhtNzrd;.
,e;j %d;W ehlfq;fs; %ykhfTk;
$j;J ehlfkhf;fg;gLtjw;fhd gapw;rp
nksdFU mtu;fSf;F fpilj;jJ. xg;
gid> ebg;G> Mil Mguzk;> Nkil
myq;fhuk;> ,ir Mfpad gw;wpa njspT
ehlfj;jpd; nespT RspTfs; mj;jidia
Ak; czu;e;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;.
1968y; ‘thyptij’ vd;Dk; tlNkhb ehl
fj;ij Nguhjidg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;
tpj;jpahde;jd; jahupj;J NkilNaw;w
nksdFU cjtp nra;fpd;whu;. thyptij
ehlfj;ij mtNu vOjpf; nfhLf;fpd;
whu;. ,j;jidf;Fk; mtuJ gl;lg;gbg;G
1965NyNa KbTWfpd;wJ. thyptij
jahupg;gpy; Nguhrpupau; tpj;jpahde;jDf;F
cjtNt 1968 tiu gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;
mtUila gpur;rd;dk; epfo;e;jpUf;fpwJ.
mur Mrpupau; epakdk; ngw;w 68 d; gpd;
fy;Kid ]h`puh nt];yp te;jhW%iy
kj;jpa fy;Y}up Mfpatw;wpy; Mrpupauhfg;
gzpahw;wpdhu;. 68 ypUe;J 72 tiuapyhd
fhyg;gFjpapy; jhd; MrpupauhftpUe;j
ghlrhiy khztu;fis $j;J ehlfk;>
ehl;lhu; ghly;fs; vd;W fiy <LghLk;
fiyr;rpuj;ijAk; nfhz;ltu;fshf cU
thf;Ftjpy; fz;Zk; fUj;Jkha; nraw;
gl;ltu; ,tu;.
nfhOk;G ghltpjhd mgptpUj;jp rigapy;
ghlE}y; vOj;jhsuhf xU tUlk;Nghy;
gzpahw;wpAs;shu; (1972).
jdJ fy;tp Nkk;ghl;bd; epkpj;jk; KJf
iykhzp (M.A) Nguhjid 1973. fy;tpap
ay; bg;nshkh nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofk;
1975. fyhepjp (Ph.D) aho;. gy;fiyf;fofk;
1982 Mfpa gl;lq;fisAk; ngw;wtu; Nguh
rpupau; nksdFU mtu;fs;.
nfhOk;gpy; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; (1972 - 1976)
nfhOk;gpd; ehlff; fiyQu;fs;> ehlfh
rpupau;fs;> newpahsu;fs; vd;W rfyUl
Dk; njhlu;G nfhz;L> gofpatu;. rpq;fs
fiyQu;fspd; njhlu;Gfs;> muq;F gw;wpa
fye;Jiuahly;fs; vd;W jdJ mDg
tq;fis <e;Jk; mtu;fSila mDg
tq;fisg; ngw;Wk; jdJ MSikia
tpUj;jp nra;J nfhz;lhu;. tprhypj;Jf;
nfhz;lhu;.
‘Nguhrpupau; vjpuptPu ruj;je;jpuTk; <oj;J
ehlf kuGk;’ vd;Dk; xU E}iyAk; vOjp-
apUf;fpd;whu; nksdFU mtu;fs;.
etPd rpq;fs muq;fpaypd; Kd;NdhbAk;>
Ma;thsUkhd ruj;re;jputpd;> ‘kdNk’
‘rpq;fghF’ ehlfq;fs; fpof;F gy;fiyf;
fof muq;fpay; khztu;fSf;Ff; fw;gpf;
fg;gLfpd;wd.
nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;j fhyq;fspy;> eh.Re;ju-
ypq;fk;> m.jhrPa];> Ri`u; ̀ kPl;> ,isa
gj;kehjd;> ,.rpthde;jd; MfpNahUld;
,ize;J ,aq;fpatu; ,tu;.
nfhOk;gpy; NkilNawpa nksdFU mtu;
fspd; ‘rq;fhuk;’ 1969> vd;.Nf. uFehjdpd;
‘fe;jd; fUiz’ 1972> kfhftpapd; ‘Gjpa
njhU tPL’ 1973> fhu;j;jpfh fNzrupd;
‘fhdfk; Vfpa ,uhftd;’ - ehl;ba ehl
fk; (1973)> fhu;j;jpfhtpd; ,d;ndhU ehl;
ba ehlfkhd ,uhkhazk; (1974) Mfpa
ehlfq;fSlhd nraw;ghLfSk;> gq;Nfw;
Gk; ,tuJ muq;fpay; tho;tpd; mLj;j
fl;l efu;Tf;fhd ce;J rf;jpfs;.
xU fiyQdhf cUthtJ> mu;g;gzpg;
Gld; xU fiyQdhf tho;tJ vd;gJ
xU epiy.
xU Gjpa guk;giuia xUfiyg; ghuk;g
upaj;ij cUthf;FtJ vd;gJ ,d;D-
nkhU epiy.
,e;j ,uz;lhtJ epiyapy; ntw;wpaPl;ba
kpfr; rpyUs; Kf;fpakhdtu; Nguhrpupau;
nksdFU mtu;fs;.
‘muq;f tuyhw;wpy; epiwa ngau;fSf;F
mopf;f Kbahj ,lKz;L. Mdhy; muq;f
tsu;r;rpapy; xU rpy ngau;fSf;Nf Kf;
fpa ,lKz;L. mjpy; xU ngau; nksd
FU’ vd;Dk; Nguhrpupau; rptj;jk;gpapd;
$w;W Kf;fpakhdJ.
‘mk;gyj;jhbfSf;fhf m.jhrPrpa]; newp
ahs;ifapy; ebfu; xd;wpak; Yk;gpdp muq;
fpy; NkilNaw;wpa fe;jd; fUizapy;
Myaf; fjit jpwg;gjw;fhf KUfd;
nksdFU tPu rgjk; nra;Ak; fhl;rp>
KUfdhf Ntlkpl;bUe;j nksdFU
mtu;fs; Mf;Nuh\khf Mba Ml;lk;>
mitapdiu mg;gbNa ];jk;gpf;f itj;
jpUe;jJ. fpl;lj;jl;l gj;J epkplq;fSf;F
Nky; mtu; Mba ,e;j Ml;lk;> Ml;l
Kiwikfs;> Ml;l moF – ghu;itah
su;fspd; fuNfh\k; mlq;f ePz;l Neuk;
nrd;wJ….’ vd;W Fwpj;Js;shu; rl;lj;
juzpAk; muq;fpayhsUk; Njrpa fiy
,yf;fpag; Nguitapd; jiytUkhfpa
Nrh. Njtuh[h mtu;fs;.
ebfu; xd;wpaj;jpdhy; jhrPrpa]; newpahs;
ifapy; NkilNawpa kfhftpapd; ‘Gjpa
njhU tPL’ ehlfj;jpy; nksdFU vLj;
JiuQuhfg; ghj;jpuNkw;whu;. kfhftpapd;;
ghly;fSf;fhd mtuJ Ml;lKk; mq;f
mirTfSk; me;jg; ghj;jpuj;ij MSik
nfhs;sr; nra;jd.
nksdFU mtu;fspd; rq;fhuk; mtU-
ila newpahs;ifapy; Yk;gpdp muq;fpy;
NkilNawpaJ. mjpy; njhopyhsu; jiy
tdhd Kf;fpa Ntlk; mtUilaJ.
1969: 1975: 1980 vd;W rq;fhuj;Jf;F %d;W
gpwtpfs; cz;L. kl;lf;fsg;G – nfhOk;G
– aho;g;ghzk; vd;W ,e;j %d;W gpwtpf-
Sld; epiwaNt thjg; gpujpthjq;fS
ld; Gfoile;j ehlfk; ,J.
rq;fhuk; Mw;WifAk; jhf;fKk; fyhepjp.
rp.nksdFU vd;Dk; E}y; Njrpa fiy
,yf;fpag; Nguitapdhy; 1993y; ntsp
aplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Nguhrpupau; nksdFUtpd; ,d;ndhU
muq;fpay; iky;fy; ghlrhiyfis ika
khff; nfhz;l mtUila ehlf nraw;
ghLfs;.
n 1985 – aho; Gdpj N[hd; ngh];Nfh -
jg;gp te;j jhb ML.
n 1985 – aho; ,e;J kfspu; fy;Y}up -
tpbT.
n 1986 – N[hd; ngh];Nfh – Ntliu
cr;rpa nts;isg; Gwhf;fs;.
n 1987 – cLtpy; kfspu; fy;Y}up -
gugh]; - Gj;Japu;g;G.
n 1987 -Rz;Lf;Fsp kfspu; fy;Y}up -
ek; ikg; gpbj;j gprhRfs;.
n 1989 - N[hd; ngh];Nfh - xU Kaypd;
fij.
n 1989 - aho;g;ghzf;fy;Y}up - xU cz;ik
kdpjd;.
1987y; jg;gp te;j jhb ML ehlfk;
E}yhf ntspte;J mur rhfpj;jpa tpUjp
idg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ.
,tUila NkYk; %d;W E}y;fSk;
Njrpa rhfpj;jpa tpUJ ngw;Ws;sd vd;
gJ Fwpg;gplj; jf;fNj.
Vwj;jho xU 200 ehlfq;fspy; jahupg;G-
newpahs;if – vOj;JU – ebg;G – xj;jpif
– vd;W Vjhtnjhd;wpy; nraw;gl ,ize;
Js;stu; ,e;jg; Nguhrpupau;.
Mrpupauhf Mrpupag; gapw;rpf; fyhrhiy
tpupTiuahsuhf> gy;fiyf;fof tpupT
iuahsuhf> Nguhrpupauhf> Ez;fiyj;
Jiwj; jiytuhf> fiyg;gPlhjpgjpahf>
cg Nte;juhfj; jpfo;e;j> jpfo;fpd;w
Nguhrpupau; nksdFU mtu;fs; muq;fp
ay; Jiwf;fhd xU gy;fiyf;fokhf
Tk; jpfo;fpd;wtu; vd;gJ
kpiff; $w;wy;y.
111
muq;fpay; gy;fiyf;fofk;
Nguhrpupau; rp.nksdFU- njsptj;ij N[hrg; -
glk;: b[p fUzh
jha;tPL • etk;gu; November 2013 - 1 -