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NPP UNITS DECOMMISSIONING
Nikita Konstantinov
CEO adviser,ROSENERGOATOM CONCERN JSC
ROSENERGOATOMELECTRIC POWER DIVISION OF ROSATOM
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Existing NPP units and units and under construction in Russian Federation
Leningrad NPP
Kola NPP
Bilibino NPP
Kalinin NPP
Smolensk NPP
Novovoronezh NPP
Balakovo NPPRostov NPP
Beloyarsk NPP
4 X VVER‐440
Under construction
4 X RBMK‐1000 2 X VVER‐1200
4 X VVER‐1000
3 X RBMK‐1000
Operation
1 X VVER‐1000 1 X VVER‐1200 2 X VVER‐440 1 X VVER‐1200
Decommissioning
2 X VVER (210, 365)
4 X RBMK‐1000
4 X VVER‐1000
3 X VVER‐1000
1 X VVER‐1000
Shutdown stage
BN 600 BN 8002 X AMB (100, 200)
4 X EGP ‐ 6
In operation: 10 NPPs (34 power units) ‐ 26.3 GWh;2 power units in pilot operation.Over 16% of electricity generated in RussiaUnder construction: 4 large power units and FNPP.
Kursk NPP
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2016 ‐ 2 NPP units are shut down, 2 NPP units are being decommissioned
2028 ‐ 13 NPP units are shut down, 4 NPP units are being decommissioned
10 years' readiness for mass‐scale decommissioning of NPP units
Current situation
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Planned terms of NPP units shut down
Source:
VVER‐440 EGP‐6 RBMK‐1000 BN‐600
Roadmap as of 06.15.2016, approved by A.M. Lokshin
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
NOVOVORONEZH NPP UNIT No. 3 VVER‐440
LENINGRAD NPP UNIT No. 1RBMK‐1000
BILIBINO NPP UNIT No. 1EGP‐6
LENINGRAD NPP UNIT No. 2RBMK‐1000
KURSK NPP UNIT No. 1RBMK‐1000
KURSK NPP UNIT No. 2RBMK‐1000
LENINGRAD NPP UNIT No. 3RBMK‐1000
LENINGRAD NPP UNIT No. 4RBMK‐1000
BELOYARSK NPP UNIT No. 3BN‐600
SMOLENSK NPP UNIT No. 1RBMK‐1000
417 MW TOTAL
1,012 MW TOTAL
1,000 MW TOTAL
1,036 MW TOTAL
1,000 MW TOTAL
1,000 MW TOTAL
1,600 MW TOTAL
1,000 MW TOTAL2028
BILIBINO NPP UNITS Nos. 2‐4EGP‐6
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≈ 15 years
≈ 5 ‐ 10 years
NPP power unit decommissioning options
Repository operationBurial
REMOVAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL
DECOMMISSIONING
LiquidationConservation under surveillance
PREPARATION FOR DECOMMISSIONING
Preparation for conservation
LiquidationPreparation for liquidation2
Preparation for burial3
1
Final shutdown
A license for DC
OPERATION
A license to operate the repository
Release from regulatory control
LIQUIDATION AFTER CONSERVATION UNDER SURVEILLANCE (deferred dismantling)
LIQUIDATION ‐ IMMEDIATE DISMANTLING
BURIAL
≈ 50 years≈ 5 years
≈ 15 years≈ 5 years
≈ 5 years
or
or
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Current concept of NPP power unit preparation for decommissioning
▪ Deferred dismantling is determined for the following NPP'sunits*:
– Novovoronezh NPP, Units Nos. 1, 2
– Kola NPP, Units Nos. 1‐4
– Bilibino NPP, all Units
▪ An approach is adopted to multiunit NPP decommissioning,where the first NNP unit, located on the site, isdecommissioned under deferred dismantling option:
– Balakovo NPP, Unit No. 1
– Kalinin NPP, Unit No. 1
– Rostov NPP, Unit No. 1
▪ For all other units, including RBMK, the concept "immediatedismantling" decommissioning option is adopted.
For the majority of NPP units decommissioning is
determined under "immediate dismantling" strategy
*Decommissioning programs
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Introduction of measures for preparation and decommissioning of NPP units
Bilibino NPP
Novovoronezh NPP
Beloyarsk NPP
Shutdown year Completed / ongoing activities
Unit 1
Unit 2
Leningrad NPP
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
‐ construction of diesel fuel base stock of 16.0 thousand tons, including self‐contained powersource (2017)‐ construction of a backup diesel‐generator station with the capacity of 8.9 MW (2017)‐ construction of 110/35/6 kV substation and 6 kV VL‐6 "Bilibino 1. NPP ‐ "Dam" (2017)
‐ implementation of comprehensive engineering and radiation survey of unit 1 (2016)‐ developing a set of supporting documents for obtaining a license to operate unit 1 after the finalshut down (2016)‐ development of decommissioning project for units No. 1, 2 for the period of up to 2019 (2019)‐ removal of leaky spent fuel assemblies from unit No. 1 (2018)
‐ Design documentation has been developed‐ works are carried out to prepare for the removal of spent nuclear fuel and for decommissioning(individual decisions)
‐ dismantling works were carried out in unit 1 turbine building‐ surface decontamination of machine pile drainage montejus boxes' equipment is carried out‐ radioactive waste, produced at gasholder accidents' localization, is removed
‐ Decommissioning project is developed‐ 8 turbine units and 1st unit deaerator stack equipment are dismantled‐ 1 and 2 units of Novovoronezh NPP are signed off to Pilot Demonstration Engineering Center fordecommissioning branch‐ decommissioning works are carried out since 2015, after obtaining a decommissioning license
1984
1990
1981
1989
2019
2021
2019
2022
2022
2022
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Additional financing sources Decommissioning financingDECOMMISSIONING RESERVE
Decommissioning reserve
3.2% Electricity sales revenue
2
1
Reimbursable funds Commercial activity
Up to 90% of dismantled equipment should be decontaminatedand returned into economic turnover
The amount of reimbursable funds from metal sales equals up to10% of project cost
Mechanisms for decommissioning financing
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NPP Unit Operation
Ensuring minimum cost of NPPs units decommissioning works
• Implementation of "immediate dismantling" strategy
• Operational configuration• Start of decommissioning works after unit shutdown under individual technical solutions
• Regulatory framework improvement
• Rapid removal of spent nuclear fuel