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prospectus
jk"Vh; ukV~; foky;NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA
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National School o Drama
The National School o Drama is one o the oremost theatre training institutions in the world
and the only one o its kind in I ndia. Established in 1959 as a constituent unit o the Sangeet
Natak Akademi, the School became an independent entity in 1975 and was registered as an
autonomous organisation under the Societies Registration Act XXI o 1860, ully nanced
by the Ministry o Culture, Government o India.
The School oers an intensive and comprehensive three-year course o training in theatreand allied arts. Successul candidates are awarded a Diploma in Dramatic Arts ater
completion o the course. Training is based on a careully planned syllabus which covers
every aspect o theatre, and in which theory is related to practice. As a part o the training,
students are required to produce plays that are then perormed beore a public audience.
The School has two perorming wings: the Repertory Company, which was started in 1964,
and the Theatre-in-Education Company (Sanskaar Rang Toli), which was ounded in 1989. On
completion o the three-year diploma course, successul candidates may be considered or
enrolment into either o these two Companies, or they may work on a project or dissertation
on theatre or which ellowships o a years duration are granted. The Extension Programme
o the School, under which workshops or adults and children are conducted in various parts
o the country, was launched in 1978.
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National School o Drama 1
Notications 2
Training at the National School o Drama 4
Subjects o Study 5
Syllabus 8
Admission-related Matters 16
General Inormation 20
Extension Programme 23
Sanskaar Rang Toli 23
Repertory Company 23
Faculty 24
Administrative and Technical Sta 32
Notifcation by the Government o India,Ministry o Education and Culture,Recognizing the Diploma
No. RC.Q. 11023/22/77/T7/7
Government o India
Ministry o Education & Culture
(Department o Education)
New Delhi, dated the 6th September, 1980
OFFICE MEMORANDUM
On the recommendation o the Board o Assessment oEducational Qualications, the Government o India has
decided to recognize the Diploma in Dramatics awarded
by the National School o Drama, New Delhi ater the three
years course, or the purpose o recruitment to superior
posts and services, under the Central Government where
specialization in the eld o Dramatics i s required.
Sd.- (M.S. SRINIVASAN)
DIRECTOR (TECH.)
To
1. All the Ministries and Departments o Government o
India.
2. All State Governments and Union Territories (Education
Departments)
3. The Four Regional Ofces o the Ministry o Education
and Culture.
4. All Directors o Technical Education.
5. Union Public Service Commission (with 5 spare copies).
6. Sta Selection Commission, Khan Market, Lok Nayak
Bhawan, New Delhi.
7. All State Public Service Commissions.
8. Association o Indian Universities, D.D. Upadhyaya Marg,
New Delhi.
9. D.P.I.O. (Ministry o Education), Shastri Bhawan, New
Delhi.
10. All Boards o Apprenticeship Trainings
TRUE COPY
Notifcation by Association o IndianUniversities, Recognizing the Diploma
SEAL
Telegrams: UNIBOARD
ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN UNIVERSITIES
Deendayal Upadhyaya Marg, New Delhi 110002
NO. EV/II (414)/81/39395
19 October 1981
R.P. MongaSection Ofcer
Dear Shri Karanth,
Please reer to my letter o even number
dated 14th May 1981.
The Equivalence Committee o this
Association at its meeting held on
12th October 1981, considered the
question o equivalence o the Diploma
in Dramatics awarded by the National
School o Drama, New Delhi. I am giving
below the resolution adopted thereon.
Resolved that those who have a B.A.
degree and have obtained a Diploma
in Dramatics rom the National School
o Drama, New Delhi be considered as
having obtained an M.A. degree and
as such be eligible or appointment as
teachers in colleges and universities
and or purpose o registration to Ph.D.
Yours Sincerely
Sd/- (R.P. Monga)
Shri B.V. Karanth
Director, National School o Drama
Bahawalpur House, Bhagwandas Road
New Delhi 110 001
ContentsNotifications
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The National School o Drama oers a
three-year, ull-time Diploma course in
Dramatic Arts or students intending to
make theatre their proession.
The central aim o the course is to prepare students or the practice o theatre.
To this end, a variety o practical skills need to be developed and a corpus o
knowledge acquired. While all areas o study are assessed separately and a
high standard o work demanded in each, the primary objective o the course
is to develop creativity and its imaginative expression within the collective
ramework o a group.
Training at the National School of Drama Subjects of Study
MODERN INDIAN DRAMA DevelopmentofmodernIndiantheatrefromthemid-
19th century with an emphasis on the contemporary
theatre scene
Regionallanguagetheatre:theoryandpractice
CLASSICAL INDIAN DRAMA ClassicalIndiandramaandaesthetics
HistoryofSanskritdrama
DetailedanalysisofselectedSanskritplaysandtheir
interpretation in terms o their dramatic structure as
laid down in the Natyashastra, their perormances and
audiences in the ancient period, and their signicance
or contemporary theatre
WORLD DRAMA HistoryofworlddramawithanemphasisonGreek
tragedies, Shakespearean drama, modern and
contemporary plays
VOICE & SPEECH Exercisestoachievebreathcontrol,clarityandaudibility
in speech, to enable students to perorm a variety o
roles on the stage with ease
YOGA Physicaltness,anincreaseddegreeofalertness,
grace and concentration, and maximum use o voice
capabilities, achieved through the practice oasanas,
kriyas and pranayam
MIME & MOVEMENT Modernmovementtrends:theoryandpractice
LearningtheprinciplesofShilpashastra and
Natyashastra
Expressionofhumanexperienceandactivities
through body language such as gestures, postures and
movements
Abhinaya (stylised acting) through physiological
observation and expression o persons and objects
THEATRE MUSIC Enhancingthemusicalsensibilityofstudentsthrough
knowledge o various sounds and rhythmic patterns,
evolved rom the text o the play
Inculcatingasenseofstagemusicinaestheticterms
and as a total theatreconcept based on theatre-specic
uses
ACTING & IMPROVISATION Drawingout,mouldingandreningindividualtalent
by shaping actorsbodies and voices, sharpeningtheir imagination and sensitivities, and tapping their
emotional resources
Enhancingenvironmentalandexperientialawareness,
and helping to establish acting skills and techniques
Teachingandfamiliarisingstudentswiththemajor
codied theories and methods o acting
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Subjects of Study Subjects of Study
COSTUME DESIGN Historyofcostumedesign
Interpretationandstylesofcostumedesign
STAGE LIGHTING Objectivesoflighting
Lightingplan
Lightingequipment
Elementarystudyofelectricity
and handling o the switchboard
MAKE-UP Dierentstylesofmake-up:
theory and practice
PRODUCTION Techniquesof
moving rom the text
to the stage
Structureofplays
Languagesofperformance
Theartofdirection
Understandingofsound,musicandvisualdesign
Selectionandstudyofplays
APPRECIATION COURSES AND WORKSHOP SESSIONS Apartfromtheabovecourses,theSchoolalso
organises appreciation courses and workshop sessions
on various aspects o Indian art and culture.
THEATRE ARCHITECTURE DevelopmentoftheatreintheEastwithspecial
emphasis on theatre orms in the Natyashastra, and in
Southeast Asia, China and Japan
Contemporarytheatrearchitectureandstagedesignin
the East, especially portable and xed open-air theatre
and other architectural conventions suited to Indian
conditions
EvolutionoftheatreformsandstagedesignsintheWestrom the Greek to the Modern periods
SCENIC DESIGN Conceptsandphilosophybehinddesign
Ideasandmethodsofstagedesigners
Stageconstructionandstagetechniques
Basicsofsetdesignandmakingmodels
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Training in the School is based on a thorough, comprehensive and
careully planned syllabus that covers every aspect o theatre rom
theory to practice, and the results o which are put to test beore
a wide audience. The syllabus takes into account the methods o
eminent theatre personalities who have shaped contemporary
theatre in all its orms and expressions.
It includes broad-based training in classical Indian and Western
dramatic traditions, Indian traditional and olk theatre, modern
theatre trends in India and abroad, introduction o theatre trends o
the world, and specialised training in Indian theatre traditions.
FIRST YEARIntroduction to Acting
Introduction to Theatre Techniques &
Design
Theatre History, Literature & Aesthetics
SECOND YEARSpecialisation in Acting OR
Theatre Techniques & Design
Theatre History, Literature & Aesthetics
THIRD YEARSpecialisation chosen in the second year
continues
The FIRST YEAR is divided into two
semesters. The rst semester (July
December) is devoted to the basics o
acting, theatre techniques & design, and
theatre history & aesthetics. In the second
semester the same subjects are studied in
detail.
In the SECOND YEAR the students
choose their area o specialisation. This
year is also broadly divided into two
semesters: the third and the ourth.
The third semester covers theatre
history, literature & aesthetics, acting
(specialisation), and theatre techniques
& design (specialisation). The ourth
semester ocuses urther on theatre
history, literature & aesthetics, acting
(specialisation), and theatre techniques &
design (specialisation).
The THIRD YEAR syllabus aims at giving
students advanced training in their area o
specialisation: acting or theatre techniques
& design.
The Schools aculty and visiting teachers,
comprising theatre practitioners rom
India and abroad, design study modules
and impart training to students each year.
The training includes classroom lectures,
a series o intensive workshops, and
appreciation courses in lm and other arts.
Since it is situated in the cultural hub o
the capital o India, s tudents o the School
have the opportunity to watch a variety o
other plays being perormed, rom both
India and abroad. Delhi also oers rich are
in the visual arts, music and dance, which
in turn serve to broaden the students
perspective and awareness, and their
understanding o theatre.
Syllabus Syllabus
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first yearfrst semester
The rst semester concentrates on study o the sel and its
application to theatre.
INTRODUCTION TO ACTING
Performanceskills(basic),physicalpreparation,yoga.
VOICE, SPEECH & MUSIC Exercisesthatfocusonbreathing,humming,pitch,volume
and singing.
IMPROVISATION & ACTING Throughimprovisation,silentandword-oriented,students
learn to see, hear, believe, react, observe and concentrate.
The ocus is on study o the sel, the sel and others, and
the sel and society.
MOVEMENTStudentslearnhowtousetheirbody,voiceandimagination.
Theylearnhowtobeawareofthebodyandconcentrate
on its rhythm, enter space and loosen their limbs.
Studentsacquireactingskillsthroughclassesfocusedon
an understanding o the sel.
INTRODUCTION TO THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN Basicskillsintechnicaldrawing,sketching,carpentryand
other crats.
Introductiontolighting,make-up,historyoftheatre
architecture and conventions.
THEATRE HISTORY, LITERATURE & AESTHETICS ModernIndiandrama,worlddramaandautobiographies.
Non-Indiantraditionsofmodernclassics,likeshortstories,
poetry and lms.
Inaesthetics,thehistoryofartandcivilisationisexamined
through paintings.
first yearsecond semester
INTRODUCTION TO ACTING Workonbasicperformanceskillscontinues.
Basictextandspeechanalysis.
Scene-workandrehearsalsofmodernrealistictexts,culminating in an in-house production.
INTRODUCTION TO THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN Classestodevelopbasictechnicalskillsincarpentry,
mask-making and model-making continue.
Basicconceptsandmethodsofscenicdesign,
costume design and lighting.
THEATRE HISTORY, LITERATURE & AESTHETICS StudyofregionalIndiantheatre,worlddrama
and the history o major trends i n world theatre
starting with Greek theatre.
Lecturesonthehistoryofartandcivilisationcontinue.
Syllabus Syllabus
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second yearthird semester
Work in this semester ocuses on classical traditions, both
Indian and non-Indian. Students select rom two streams
o specialisation: Acting OR Theatre Techniques & Design.
Theatre History, Literature & Aesthetics, and Production
are subjects common to both.
ACTING(Specialisation)
ActinginclassicalIndiandrama:studyofthereligious
roots o the orm, stylized gestures, movement, dance
andpurvarang (live music played beore a perormance).
ActinginclassicalGreekdrama:studyofanimaland
human masks, chorus, story-telling and verse-speaking.
Scene-workonParsi/Sanskrit/Greektheatre.
THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN(Specialisation)
Designingaclassicaltext.
Historyoftheatredesign,periodcostume,lighting,
poster designing, graphics and model-making.
THEATRE HISTORY, LITERATURE & AESTHETICS(Common to students o both specialisations)
Theatrehistory:oralmyths,epics,Natyashastra, Poetics,
Greek and Sanskrit texts.
Aesthetics:principlesofIndianaesthetics,architecture
and painting.
PRODUCTION(Common to students o both specialisations)
Methodologiesofproductionanddirection.
Productionswillbeopenedtothepublicfromthissemester onwards. They will include a Sanskrit/verse
play and a play based on a traditional orm.
Therewillbeextensiveeldworkintheregionalrootsof
the orm. Actors will demonstrate and hone their acting
skills through these productions.
Designstudentswillparticipateinproductionworkas
stage managers and apprentices in the elds o lighting,
set design and costume design.
ACTING / THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN(Specialisations)
ActingforShakespeareantextswillincludetrainingfor
a perormance on an open stage, and verse and prose
speech.
Actingforfarcewillincludeclowningroutines,mask-
work and work on commedia delarte (methods o
improvisation in comedy and arce).
Scene-workwillbeperformedonaShakespeareantext
or arce. Related work on speech, movement and music
will continue.
THEATRE HISTORY, LITERATURE & AESTHETICS(Common to students o both specialisations)
HistoryofIndianandnon-Indiantheatreswillcontinue
with additional inputs on Indian olk texts and
adaptations.
PRODUCTION(Common to students o both specialisations)
Apublicperformance,eitherafarceoraShakespearean
play, will be prepared and staged.
second yearourth semester
Syllabus Syllabus
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third yearThe third year syllabus is planned to give
students advanced training in their
specialisation Acting OR Theatre Techniques
& Design through a series o workshops conducted byestablished theatre practitioners.
For Acting students, the workshops may include advanced
work with mask and gag routines, puppetry, computer
applications in theatre, realistic acting, and/or detailed work
on the objectives and handling o props.
For Theatre Techniques & Design students, advanced courses
in light design, scenic design, and projects on designing
auditoria and lighting or dierent kinds o spaces will be
conducted.
Film appreciation courses and a workshop on the
connection between theatre and the media may
also be included.
Productions o Indian and non-Indian texts, or which the
students will do design work under the supervision o experts,will be perormed during this year or ticketed audiences.
Syllabus Syllabus
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APPLICATION PROCESSIn the year 2012, 26 students will be selected or
the three-year, ull-time course in Dramatic Arts.
The candidates should apply in the prescribed
application orm.
The process o admission is as ollows:
Theprospectusandapplicationformareavailable
on request by post or may be download rom the
website o the School, www.nsd.gov.in
Requestsfortheapplicationformandprospectus
by post should be accompanied by a demand
drat o Rs 225, inclusive o Rs 75 or postage,
drawn in avour oThe Director, National School
o Drama.
ApplicationformsdownloadedfromtheSchool's
website should be submitted along with a
demand drat o Rs 150, drawn i n avour oThe
Director, National School o Drama.
ThedemanddraftsshouldbecrossedAccount
Payee only.
Testimonials,copiesofcerticatesandfour
recent passport-size, colour photographs, non-
returnable, should be attached to the application. Candidatesmayberequiredtoproduceoriginal
documents/certicates at the time o the
interview.
Applicationforms(requestedbypostor
downloaded rom the website), duly lled in
and complete in all respects, must be sent by
speed post to The Academic Department,
National School o Drama, Bahawalpur House,
Bhagwandas Road, New Delhi 110 001.
MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS FOR ADMISSION Graduationinanysubjectfromarecognised
university.
Prociencyinthemothertongue,anda
working knowledge o Hindi and English.
Activeparticipationinatleastsixtheatre
productions or in any eld related to theatre.
AGE Thecourseisopentomenandwomenbetween
the ages o 20 and 30 years.
Theupperagelimitmayberelaxedbyveyears
or candidates belonging to the SC/ST categories.
MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION ThemediumofinstructionisHindiand/orEnglish,
depending on the subject. Plays, however, are
perormed mostly in Hindi.
SELECTION PROCESSThe screening o applicants is carried out in two stages.
The preliminary screening comprises an audition or
practical test, and is conducted in New Delhi and our
other centres, usually Kolkata, Bengaluru, Mumbai and
Guwahati.
Candidates recommended by the Preliminary Selection
Committee will go through a nal round o selection
in New Delhi, which is in the orm o a our to ve-day
workshop. In this nal selection emphasis will be on thecandidates attitude towards learning and participating in
collective creation. To make the selection process broad-
based, it is ensured that selected candidates represent as
many states and union territories as possible.
Candidates called or the nal round o selection will be
paid TA/DA rom their hometown to the place o interview
in Delhi and back, by the shortest route, ater they provide
2nd class train/bus tickets, receipts, etc. They will be given
accommodation in the School hostel.
RESERVATION FOR CANDIDATES BELONGING TO
SC/ST/OBC CATEGORIESOut o the 26 seats, 5 seats are reserved or SC/ST
candidates and 5 or OBC candidates, preerably rom
amilies traditionally belonging to the perorming arts.
ADMISSION FOR CANDIDATES OF
FOREIGN NATIONALITYCandidates o oreign nationality may take admission in
the course. However, because o the limited number o
seats, it is not easible to accommodate more than one or
two oreign nationals in each session. Such students have
to submit their applications through the Indian Embassy/
High Commission in their countries, who will orward
these to the Indian Council or Cultural Relations (ICCR),
New Delhi. The School will then consider the applicationsrecommended by the ICCR.
RECOGNITION OF THE COURSE FOR RECRUITMENT
TO SUPERIOR POSTS AND SERVICES UNDER
GOVERNMENT OF INDIAThe Diploma in Dramatic Arts awarded by the School is
recognised by the Government o India or the purpose
o recruitment to superior posts and services under the
Central Government where specialisation is required in the
eld o dramatics. The Diploma is equivalent to a Masters
degree in dramatics, and NSD graduates are eligible or
appointment as teachers in colleges and universities,
as well as or registration in research and doctoral
programmes.
Admission-related Matters Admission-related Matters
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OBLIGATIONS OF SELECTED CANDIDATESTraining at the National School o Drama is rigorous and
requires hard physical work to acquire proessionalism.
Students are required to maintain sound health and
possess enough stamina to participate in theatre practice.
Selected candidates are thereore required to submit a
medical certicate rom a recognised medical authority.
Medical tness is obligatory. The School reserves the
right to get any student checked by a competent medical
authority in this regard, at any given time. I ound unt, it
may not be possible or the School, despite all sympathy,
to allow the student to continue his or her study in the
School.
Selected candidates are not permitted to receive any
scholarship rom any other source. They are required to
urnish an undertaking in the prescribed orm stating non-
receipt o scholarship rom any other source.
Selected candidates are required to join the School on the
rst day o the new session. The School does not accept
students who do not join at the very beginning, or who
cannot continue or the ull period o three years. The new
session usually starts in mid-July every year.
FEES, DUES AND DEPOSITS
Candidates selected or admission will have to pay all ees
and other dues, as listed below, beore the opening day,
ailing which they will not be admitted into the School.
Admission ee: Rs 150
Tuition ee: Rs 150 per month
StudentsUnion membership ee: Rs 60 per year
Costume ee or exercise classes: Rs 1,500 (approx.)
Advance ee or make-up kit: Rs 2,000 (adjustable)
Caution money and library ee deposit: Rs 9,000
(reundable ater nal settlement o accounts)
Stationery ee: Rs 1,650
HOSTEL, MESS AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS DUESHostel rent per student: Rs 200 per month
Electricity and water charges: Rs 100 per month
(adjustable as per consumption)
Medical charges: Rs 100 per month
Mess charges (or lunch and dinner): Rs 1,350 per month
(likely to vary)
Students are advised to keep an additional provision o
Rs 1,000 at the time o joining, to cover any price rise/hike
that may occur in the above-mentioned items.
SCHOLARSHIPThe School awards a scholarship o Rs 6,000 (Rupees
Six thousand only) per month to selected candidates.
Students who are awarded such scholarships by the
School will be required:
(a) To execute a bond o Rs 2,16,000 (Rupees Two lakh
sixteen thousand only) to the eect that i he/she decides
to discontinue training beore the end o three years, oris made to discontinue on disciplinary grounds, he/she
will return all the money paid to him/her beore such
discontinuance.
(b) To urnish a surety o Rs 2,16,000 (Rupees Two lakh
sixteen thousand only), duly attested by a District
Magistrate/Collector/Deputy Commissioner (Revenue
Authorities).
INSURANCESelected candidates are covered by a Risk Cover Insurance
Policy and are required to pay the premium amount, which
may work out to between Rs 150 and Rs 200 annually. The
School does not take any other responsibility beyond this
insurance cover.
WORKING HOURSClasses are normally held rom 8 am to 6 pm, with tea
and lunch breaks. Rehearsals and other practical work my
continue in the evenings till such time as required, and
also on holidays as the case may be.
VACATIONSEach academic year is divided into two semesters. The rst
semester is rom mid-July to mid-December, ollowed by the
winter vacation rom mid-December to mid-January. The
second semester is rom mid-January to mid-May, ollowed
by the summer vacation rom mid-May to mid-July.
These, however, may be changed or curtailed by the
School in special circumstances.
BOARD AND LODGINGThere are separate hostels or girls and boys.
Accommodation provided to the students may be on a
room-sharing or dormitory basis. It is compulsory or all
students to join the hostel.
Admission-related Matters Admission-related Matters
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ATTENDANCE RULESIn order to be eligible or their examination, rst-year
students have to maintain a minimum o 90% attendance
in all classes (including morning classes), and at rehearsals
and productions. Second-year and third-year students
will have to maintain a minimum attendance o 75% in
classes or each group, i.e. acting, production, literatureand stagecrat as a whole, and 90% attendance in morning
classes and rehearsals.
In addition to attendance, punctuality is required or all
classes, exercises, lectures, rehearsals, etc. Late attendance
or three days or absence rom three classes will be treated
as equivalent to one ull days absence.
The above requirement o minimum attendance may,
however, be relaxed in exceptional cases at the discretion
o the Director and the Faculty.
The attendance o students at the above percentages
will be calculated on a semester basis, and any student
ailing to ull the required level o attendance will not
be allowed to appear in the semester examination. Such
students will then oreit the right to continue their studies
in the School.
Medical leave or a period exceeding three days will not be
granted without an authorised medical certicate rom the
Schools doctor.
OTHER RULES
Studentsarenotallowedtoenterintoanyarrangement
or training outside the School.
Studentsarenotallowedtoseekoracceptany
engagement to appear in public, neither on the amateur
or proessional stage, nor in radio, television or lms.
They may not seek or accept any employment during
their term o study.
Studentsmustconductthemselvesproperlyandin
accordance with the rules that govern manners and
appearance. Any student ound guilty o unbecoming
conduct may be suspended or expelled rom the School.
ConsumingalcoholintheSchoolpremisesisstrictly
prohibited.
Studentsarenotallowedtoinvitevisitorsorfriends
to classes, lectures or rehearsals, except with prior
permission rom the Director.
Itisobligatoryforthestudentstoenactanyrolethat
they are handed. They must participate in rehearsals and
perorm the role in the manner required by the teachersor the director o the play.
Studentsmustacquireallbooks,materialorequipment
as directed. Such material is available in the School
stores and its cost is deducted rom the students
scholarship.
Studentshavetoabidebythehostel,messandlibrary
rules.
Studentsviolatingrulesareliabletoseveredisciplinary
action.
BAN ON RAGGING
Selected candidates and their parents shall give an
undertaking in the prescribed orm vouching or the
good conduct o the student. Violation o the undertaking
would result in appropriate action including suspension/
expulsion. This undertaking is required to be given as per
the order o the Honble Supreme Court dated 04.05.2001
in W.P.(C) No. 656/1998, the relevant portion o which is
quoted below:
Anti-ragging movement should be initiated by the
institutions right rom the time o advertisement or
admissions. The prospectus, the orm or admission and/
or any other literature issued to aspirants or admission
must clearly mention that ragging is banned in the
institution and any one indulging in ragging is likely to be
punished appropriately which punishment may include
expulsion rom the institution, suspension rom the
institution or classes or a limited period or ne with a public
apology. The punishment may also take the shape o: (i)
withholding scholarships or other benets (ii) debarring
rom representation in events (iii) withholding results (iv)
suspension or expulsion rom hostel or mess and the like. I
there be any legislation governing ragging or any provisions
in the Statute/Ordinances they should be brought to the
notice o the students/parents seeking admissions.
The application orm or admission/enrollment shall
have a printed undertaking to be lled up and signed by
the candidate to the efect that he/she is aware o the
institutions approach towards ragging and the punishments
to which he or she shall be liable i ound guilty o ragging.
A similar undertaking shall be obtained rom the parent/
guardian o the applicant.
Such o the institutions as are introducing such a system or
the rst time shall ensure undertakings being obtained rom
the students and their parents/guardians already studying
in the institutions beore the commencement o the next
educational year/session.
STATIONERY, MATERIAL & EQUIPMENTThe School will supply students, ree o charge, a mount
board, drawing paper and wood or classroom purposes
only. Any other material will have to be purchased by the
students. Each student will be allotted a locker or his/her
material and personal belongings.
On admission, students will have to buy the required
notebooks and make-up kit, the total cost o which is Rs
3,000 approximately.
General Information General Information
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ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION AND PROMOTIONStudents will be evaluated during and at the end o each
semester. In this evaluation, their regular work, projects
and participation in productions will be considered,
along with assessment o their perormance during
the semester and in the end-semester examination. All
evaluations will be taken into account rom one semester
to the next, and so on, or the nal award o the diploma.
The marks obtained by students at the end o each year
will be calculated by adding 50% o the average o total
marks obtained by them in theory and practical subjects
in monthly or periodic tests, to 50% o the total marks
obtained by them in the end-semester examination. This
will continue every year. An average o the marks will be
calculated or the third and nal year, to qualiy or the
diploma.
All assessments and evaluations will be mentioned in the
marking system on the mark sheet (100 marks or each
subject).
Students will be promoted to the next year at the end o
the second and ourth semesters, that is, at the end o the
rst and second years. Passing marks will accrue at the end
o the sixth semester, in the third year. The nal results will
carry the candidates Cumulative Marking Point Average
(aggregate marks).
In order to pass, students will have to obtain 40% marks in
individual subjects and 50% in the aggregate. I a student
ails to get 40% marks in at least two subjects, he/she will
be allowed to appear or the supplementary examination,
provided the work in those subjects is not o a collective
nature and that he/she has acquired a minimum o
50% marks in the aggregate. Thereore, i a student ails
in participation in a production or any other subject
requiring collective work, or i a student gets less than
50% marks in the aggregate, he/she will not be entitled to
appear or the supplementary examination. In such a case,the concerned student will have to leave the School.
The supplementary examination will be held soon ater
the student ails in that subject. I such an examination is
held in the rst, third and th semesters, then the marks
obtained in the supplementary examination will be carried
over to the year-end examination or calculating the total
marks.
The Academic Council o the School is the competent
authority to change rules as and when deemed t, ater
reviewing the system and stating reasons or change.
Students will have to abide by any decision(s) made by the
Academic Council.
Formerly called the Theatre-in-Education Company, the
Sanskaar Rang Toli was established in October 1989. It
aims to educate children (817 years) through the medium
o theatre. To achieve this objective, the Toli carries out the
ollowing activities:
Developmentofcreativecurriculumandperformance
o participatory plays in schools, specially designed or
children o dierent age groups.
Organisingtrainingworkshopsforteachersroundthe
year, to create meaningul theatre with children.
Developmentofskillsforclassroomsituationsaimed
at making the teaching/learning process eective and
enjoyable.
Impartingoftrainingtochildrenintheatreand
allied arts through participation in intensive summer
workshops (MayJune) and the Saturday/Sunday Club
(AugustDecember). Through these workshops and
the Saturday/Sunday Club, the Toli aims at integrated
personality development o children.
The Repertory Company o the National School o Drama
is the perorming wing o the School. The artistes o the
Repertory Company are mostly graduates o the School.
The main unction o the Repertory Company is to
produce plays o high artistic merit, and to perorm them
regularly or theatre lovers in Delhi and across the country.
Founded in 1964, it has perormed about 150 plays by 90
playwrights, and has worked with more than 65 directors.
General Information
Sanskaar Rang Toli
Repertory Company
The National School o Drama provides a three-year
course o integrated training, leading to a post-graduate
Diploma in Dramatics. Since the training involves intensive
grounding and personal attention to each student, the
annual intake is restricted to 26 students only. This means
that a vast majority o theatre workers who are keen on
learning the dramatic arts are deprived o the training
provided by the School. In order to reach out to these
workers and create theatre awareness in India, in 1978
the School started a scheme o short-term teaching and
training to be imparted in the local languages. Over the
last thrity years and more, the School has conducted such
training workshops in almost all the regions o the country.
In addition, it has also organised and conducted a large
number o intensive, production-oriented and subject-
oriented workshops. To urther strengthen the Extension
Programme, it was decided to set up Regional Resource
Centres in our to six zones o the country. The rst o these
centres was set up in Bengaluru in 1994. It covers the South
Indian states o Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and
Kerala, as well as Puducherry. Recently, the School has set
up the Sikkim Theatre Training Centre at Gangtok, Sikkim.
Extension Programme
22 23
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FORMER CHAIRPERSONS* Dr P.V. Rajamannar (195961)
* Maharaja Shri Chamaraja Wadiyar Bahadur (196165)
* Smt. Indira Gandhi (196572)
* Dr K.P.S. Menon (197277)
Smt. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya (197778)
Shri L.M. Singhvi (197882)
Ms Shanta Gandhi (198286)
Dr Suresh Awasthi (198688)
Smt. Vijaya F. Mehta (198892)
Dr P.C. Joshi (199296)
Dr Chandrasekhar Kambar (19962001)
Shri Anupam Kher (200104)
FORMER DIRECTORSShri Satu Sen (195961)
Shri E. Alkazi (196277)
Shri B.V. Karanth (197782)
Pro. B.M. Shah (198284)
Pro. Mohan Maharishi (198486)
Shri Ratan Thiyam (198788)
Pro. Kirti Jain (198895)
Pro. Ram Gopal Bajaj (19952001)
Pro. Devendra Raj Ankur (200107)
CURRENT OFFICE HOLDERSChairperson: Mrs Amal Allana (since June 2005)
Director: Dr Anuradha Kapur (since July 2007)
* When NSD was under the administrative control o the Sangeet Natak Akademi, the Chairperson o the Akademi used to
be the Chairperson o the National School o Drama as well.
FacultyFaculty
ANURADHA KAPURDirector, National School o Drama
and Proessor, Acting & Direction
Pro. Anuradha Kapur has a Ph.D. in theatre rom the University o Leeds. She has written
widely on theatre and has authored the bookActors, Pilgrims, Kingsand Gods: The
Ramlila at Ramnagar, published by Seagull Books, Kolkata. Among the plays she has
directed are Umrao, The Job, Sundari: An Actor Prepares, The Wild Duck, Antigone, Sweet
Bird o Youth and Sahib Bibi aur Gulam. She has taught and directed extensively, and her
plays have been staged at national and international theatre estivals. She is a ounder-
member o Vivadi, a working group o painters, musicians, writers and theatre people,ormed in 1989. A recipient o numerous awards and elicitations, Pro. Kapur was
honoured with the Central Sangeet Natak Akademis Award or Direction in 2004.
24 25
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ABDUL LATIF KHATANAAssociate Proessor, Acting
and Chie, Sanskaar Rang Toli
Abdul Lati Khatana graduated rom NSD in 1986 with
specialisation in acting. In addition to devising, writing
and directing several plays that have been nationally and
internationally perormed, he has conducted numerous
workshops on acting. He is the ounder o Adabi Sangat
(Kashmir) and o the theatre group, Kirdar. He was also
a ounderactorteacher o NSDs Theatre-in-Education
Company, o which he later became Chie. He is credited
with conceptualising and organising the Companys rst
national theatre estival or children called Jashnebachpan,
ollowed by another national estival, Bal Sangam, o olk
and traditional perorming arts by children. Mr Khatana
has worked extensively with schools, institutions and
NGOs to cultivate the need o theatre/drama or children
at multiple levels. He has contributed to devising the
theatre/drama syllabus or NCERT or classes 1 to 12.
DINESH KHANNAAssociate Proessor, Acting
A graduate rom Lucknow University with a diploma
in acting rom Bhartendu Natya Academy and a post-
graduate diploma in acting rom the National School
o Drama in 1986, Dinesh Khanna has been involved in
acting, direction and teaching or the last twenty years.
Deeply interested in literature and translation, he has
written several articles on theatre. His published works
include Kucch Aansu aur Kuchh PhoolandAbhinay Chintan.
RATNA PANIKKAR
Associate Proessor, Music
With a B.A. (Hons) and Masters degree rom Delhi
University in Carnatic music, Ratna Panikkar went on to
complete her doctorate in Indian music rom Madras
University on A Comparative Study o Hindustani and
Karnatak Raga System. In 1991 she joined the National
School o Drama as a lecturer (in music), and has since
conducted several theatre music workshops at national
and international levels. A singer o classical Carnatic
music, she has scored music or a number o plays, and
has also acted in productions o the Nirakar group. Ms.
Panikkar was Dean (Academics) at NSD in 200203.
SURESH SHETTY
Associate Proessor, ActingMovement
and Dean, Academics
With a diploma in acting rom the National School o
Drama in 1982, Suresh Shetty went on to join the NSD
Repertory Company as an actor. He has perormed major
roles in the Repertory as well as with dierent theatre
groups. He has done extensive experimental work
with the human body, puppets and other elements o
visual theatre, and has developed a detailed method
o expression through body language. Mr Shetty has
also visited France on an assi gnment to study modern
techniques o movement and mime.
actingTRIPURARI SHARMAProessor, Acting
Pro. Tripurari Sharma is a graduate in English rom
Delhi University and a diploma holder in direction
rom the National School o Drama. She has written
and directed many plays, and has been associated with
several theatre groups throughout the country and
abroad. A playwright o repute, she has written plays
like Bahu and Kath ki Gaadi, and translated Indian and
Western plays likeAndha Yug and Othello; and has been
associated with ilms like Mirch Masala and Hazaar
Chaurasi ki Maa. She was the Indian representative at
the First International Women Playwrights Conerence
held in USA in 1986. Pro. Sharma received the Sanskriti
Puraskar in 1986; was honoured by the Delhi Natya
Sangh in 1990; received the Sadar Hashmi Award rom
U.P. Sangeet Natak Akademi; and was among the ninety-
ninewomenfromIndianominatedforthe'Thousand
WomenforNobelPeacePrize'byaninternational
initiative. She has worked with various olk orms like
nautanki, khayaland pandavani. Her play Kath ki Gaadi
has been translated into French, and her other plays
have been translated into several Indian languages as
well as English.
HEMA SINGHAssociate Proessor, Acting
Hema Singh has a B.A. (Hons) in Political Science rom
Delhi University, and graduated rom the National School
o Drama (integrated course) in 1982. A well-known
actor in Indian theatre, she has essayed ty major roles
under reputed Indian and international directors. She was
associated with the NSD Repertory Company or ten years.
She is known or her innovative work in Parsi theatre and
poetry presentation. She has conducted workshops in
India and abroad, written articles and translated books on
theatre, and developed scripts or the NCERT, television
and radio. She has been Associate Proessor (Acting)
at NSD since 2003. Ms. Singh received the prestigious
Manohar Singh Smriti Award or her contribution to
theatre in 2008.
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ABHILASH PILLAI
Assistant Proessor, Acting
Abhilash Pillai has a diploma in theatre production and
stage management rom RADA, London; a postgraduate
diploma in design and di rection rom NSD; and a graduate
degree in theatre arts rom Calicut University, Kerala. He
has directed plays in various Indian languages and English;
has contributed articles on theatre in leading publications
in India and the U.K; and has attended seminars and
conducted workshops. His works draw on a wide array o
materials but are presented in a contemporary aesthetic
style. He has been involved in several collaborations,
international and national, and recently initiated the rst
ever collaboration between NSD and the Grand Circus,
Kerala, culminating in a production he directed, Clowns &
Clouds. Mr Pillai was honoured with the Sanskriti Award
200203 or his achievements in the eld o theatre.
dramatic literatureKIRTI JAIN
Proessor, Modern Indian Drama
Pro. Kirti Jain has a Masters in English literature and a
diploma in dramatics with specialisation in direction rom
NSD. She has acted in and directed plays; conducted
theatre workshops in India and abroad; and has written
articles in Hindi and English or books and journals on
theatre. She has travelled to many countries to participate
in seminars and conerences, and has produced plays and
documentaries at Delhi Doordarshan. She was Director o
NSD rom 1988 to 1995, during which time she started the
Theatre-in-Education Company, the documentation and
publication programme, and the Regional Research Centre
o the School. She is also a Trustee o Natrang Pratishthan,
a theatre resource centre. In 2010 Pro. Jain was awarded
the B.V. Karanth Smriti Puraskar or her contribution to the
eld o theatre.
K.S. RAJENDRAN
Proessor, Classical Indian Drama
Pro. K.S. Rajendran is a well-known director o plays in
various Indian languages. An alumnus o the National School
o Drama, he has worked extensively with the Chennai-based
theatre repertory, Koothu-p-Pattarai. In 2007 he ounded the
New Delhi Theatre Workshop, which has presented many
dance-theatre productions. His directorial work ranges rom
adaptations o Shakespeare, Brecht, Ionesco and Genet, to
contemporary playwrights and authors, besides Sanskrit
classics by Kalidasa and Shudraka. He has conducted
workshops and lectured on theatre in India and abroad.
He was the Course Director o the UNESCO ITI workshop
on Ancient Indian Drama held in Bucharest in 2006. In
2008, he conducted the National Workshop on Sanskrit
Play Production or the Sanskrit University at Sringeri. His
recent production o Shakespeares Richard IIIwas eatured
in the Second International Theatre Festival held in Beijing
in September 2011. While working on his research project,
Theatre o the Dravidian Movement, he was a Fellow at the
Indian Council o Historical Research (198587).
SANTANU BOSE
Assistant Proessor, World Drama
Santanu Bose studied comparative literature at Jadavpur
University, Kolkata, beore graduating rom the National
School o Drama. He started his theatre career with an
apprenticeship under Tripti Mitra. He takes particular
interest in making perormances in multicultural
situations. He has taught and created visual construction
or lms, and applied digital technology to gallery-based
artworks.
theatre techniques & designROBIN DAS
Proessor, Scenic Design
A graduate rom Utkal University and an NSD alumnus, Pro.
Robin Das joined the Schools teaching aculty in 197778.
As a designer, he has worked with important directors o
the country and has produced exciting designs or about
ty plays o diverse genres. As a director, he has brought
orward many important aspects o contemporary Indian
theatre. He has also worked as an art director and actor
or lms and the media. A sel-taught painter/caricaturist,
he continuously strives to renew teaching methodologies,
apart rom aspiring to assimilate the modern and the
classical in dramatic presentations. In the year 2000 Pro.
Das was honoured with the Central Sangeet Natak Akademi
Award or his contribution to the eld o theatre design.
ASHOK SAGAR BHAGAT
Proessor, Theatre Architecture
Pro. Ashok Sagar Bhagat, an NSD alumnus (1979), is
an acclaimed lights and set designer. A Sangeet Natak
Akademi awardee (2002), he has been involved in the
renovation and revamping o theatre buildings with
modern ideas and technology. His contribution to theatre
technology and unctioning includes the creation o a sel-
supporting space rame or hoisting systems, introduction
o the two-bar drop-curtain operation, and Indias rst
light-sot-patchingin Abhimanch auditorium (NSD). He
also gave India its rst echo-shell auditorium, the Chinmaya
Auditorium, in Delhi. Premchand Rangshala, Patna, o
Faculty Faculty
28 29
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the 1950s, stands transormed with his introduction o
a sel-supporting hoisting-system and an innovative
loop counter-weights. The recently commissioned Bhaji
Gursharan Auditorium, Banur, is another o his landmarks,
where a 90-t diameter semicircular Braille curtain works
to perection. Pro. Bhagat was the technical director to
Festivals o Indiaheld in Japan, Germany, China, Thailand,
Russia, Kyrgystan, Kazakhstan, Korea and Brazil. He has also
worked as an art director or lms like Bandit Queen and
Hazaron Khwahishen Aisi.
SURESH BHARDWAJ
Proessor, Lighting
An NSD alumnus, Pro. Suresh Bhardwaj joined the
Schools newly ounded Extension Department on a
one-year ellowship in 1980. Former technical director
o Rangmandal, Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal and a ounder-
member o Sambhav, a theatre group o Delhi, he moved to
television and cinema in 1985. He joined the NSD aculty in
1988, and has been Proessor o the Extension Programme.
He has worked as a writer, director and designer or satellite
channels and Doordarshan; conducted numerous theatre
workshops in and outside the country; and designed and
directed plays or several institutions in dierent languages.
Pro. Bhardwaj has also served on the International Jury
o World Drama under UNESCO. He is a recipient o theCentral Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and the Rosco (UK)
Award rom the Chaman Lal Society.
AMARJIT SHARMA
Associate Proessor, Stage Technology
A Delhi University graduate, Amarjit Sharma joined NSDs
carpentry workshop section in 1979 and was appointed
stage technologist in 1994. He is responsible or preparing
set designs, plans and models or staging plays and other
associated events. Among his notable assignments are
the installation and execution o sets or the Bharat Rang
Mahotsav rom 1999 onwards, or Jashnebachpan rom
1998 onwards, and or the German Festival in India in
200001. He has visited Germany and Sri Lanka on ofcial
assignments or set execution and has designed sets or
many television serials. Mr Sharma attended a programme
on advanced theatre technology in Tokyo as part o the
Indo-Japan Cultural Exchange Programme, in 1998.
visiting acultyThe School also invites some o the nest creative
talents rom within the country and abroad to serve on
its visiting aculty, periodically. Creative people rom
dierent linguistic and cultural backgrounds who are
actively involved in the practice o theatre, and who ace
the challenges that this medium poses in the changing
cultural context, have been visiting the School to
supplement the teaching inputs o the resident aculty.
repertory companySURESH SHARMA
Chie o Repertory Company
With diplomas and specialisations in ac ting rom both
the Bhartendu Natya Academy and NSD, Suresh Sharma
began work as a reelance theatre worker with the Delhi-
based group, Sambhav. In 198586 he worked under
a ellowship on the Nautanki o Uttar Pradesh under
the guidance o Gulab Bai and Mudraraksha. He later
established the only non-governmental repertory in the
district o Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, which he went on
to expand into a ully residential theatre academy. He
has been the artistic director o the Shri Ram Centre or
Perorming Arts in Delhi; has translated the rst version
o the Stanislavsky system o acting into Hindi; and has
visited several oreign countries to study the unctioning
o repertory companies. For the play Mohana, he was
awarded by the Sahitya Kala Parishad and the Sangeet
Natak Akademi.
childrens theatre
PANKAJ SAXENACoordinator, Childrens Theatre
An NSD graduate, Pankaj Saxenas areas o interest include
theatre music, playwriting and theatre history. He has
worked on assignments with leading organisations such as
Sangeet Natak Akademi, Sahitya Kala Parishad and Bharat
Bhavan; and has directed and organized many production-
oriented workshops or children. He has also been
coordinator o NSDs Regional Research Centre, Bengaluru,
and is currently supervising childrens theatre in the NSD
Extension Programme.
production cellPARAG SARMAH
Production Manager
A graduate o the National School o Drama with
specialisation in acting, Parag Sarmah has worked in the
NSD Repertory Company or nearly twelve years as an
artiste and stage manager. He has acted in more than
orty-ve plays. His directorial debut, Parashuram, has been
nationally acclaimed, and was a part o both the Nandikar
National Theatre Festival and the Bharat Rang Mahotsav.
He has directed Hello Out There or the NSD Repertory
Company, and has designed lights or productions like
Raste, Parinati, Bhand Duhayee, Taj Mahal Ka Tender, Bandi
Pramathand Shatrupa, a sound and light production by the
Song & Drama Division. Mr Sarmah has been instrumental
in the successul coordination o the Poorvottar Natya
Samaroh that has been organised by the School in dierent
parts o the country or the last ve years.
Faculty Faculty
30 31
Administrative and Technical Staff
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administrative staBHANWAR SINGH
Registrar
With a Masters degree rom Agra University and B.Ed. rom
Delhi University, Bhanwar Singh joined the National School
o Drama in 1989. Over the years, he has toured dierent
parts o the country in connection with theatre workshops.
Prior to being appointed the Registrar, Mr Singh has also
occupied the posts o deputy registrar, accounts ofcer and
assistant registrar in the School.
LIBRARYANIL SRIVASTAVA, Librarian
WARDENVEENA SAHRAWAT, Lady Warden-cum-Mess Supervisor
Administrative and Technical Staff
technical staTECHNICAL DEPARTMENTB.S. PATIL, Stage Manager
S. THYAGARAJAN, Photographer
S. MANOHARAN, Sound Technician
R. S. GOSSAIN, Sound Technician
GURSHARAN KAUR, Tailor-cum-Wardrobe Supervisor
RAM PRATAP, Workshop Instructor
KIRAN KUMAR, Assistant Light & Sound Technician
MUSIC DEPARTMENTRAJENDRA PRASANNA, Flute & Shehnai Player
OM PRAKASH, Percussionist Gr. I
HRIDESH KUMAR, Sitarist
P. VETRI BOOPATHY, Percussionist Gr. III
RAJ BHASHA VIBHAGGEETA JOSHI, Assistant Director (Ofcial Language)
CHETANA VASHISHT, Senior Hindi Translator
ADMINISTRATIVE & ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENTRAMKISHAN, Deputy Registrar
SURESH MANSHARAMANI, Accounts Ofcer
P.P. SRIVASTAVA, Assistant Registrar (T.I.E.)
O.P. SAGAR, Estate Manager
S.P. SHARMA, Assistant Registrar (Accounts)SAVITA KALRA, Assistant Registrar (Administration)
GEEVARGHESE K.T., P.S. to Director
DEEPAK KUMAR WADHWA, Business Manager (Repertory Company)
C.D. TIWARI, Store Supervisor
A.K. BARUA, Public Relations Ofcer
B.S. RAWAT, In-charge (Academics)
NEELAM KAPOOR, In-charge (Store)
DARSHAN SINGH BISHT, In-charge (Bookshop)
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32 33
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jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; 33
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34 35
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izdk'k eap izdk'k ds mn~ns'; izdk'k ;kstuk izdk'k midj.k fo|qr vkSj fLop cksMZ fu;a=.k dk cqfu;knh v;;u
:i&lTtk :i&lTtk dh fofHkUu 'kSfy;ka] fl)kar vkSj O;ogkj
IkzLrqfr vkys[k ls eap rd tkus dh rduhd ukVdksa dh lajpuk izLrqfr dh Hkk"kk,a funsZ'ku dh dyk ofu laxhr vkSj n'; vfHkdYiuk ukVdksa dk p;u vkSj mudk v;;u
,fizfl,s'ku dkslZ vkSj dk;Z'kkyk,av;;u ds mijksDr fo"k;ksa ds vfrfjDr fo|ky; Nk=ksa ds fy,Hkkjrh; dyk ,oa laLfr ds fofHkUu i{kksa ij ,fizfl,s'ku dkslZvkSj dk;Z'kkykvksa dk vk;kstu djrk gS
vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; ukVd Lkedkyhu jax ifjn'; ij fo'ks"k tksj nsrs gq, 19oha lnh ds
e; ls ysdj vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; jaxeap dk fodkl
Hkkjr esa {ks=h; Hkk"kk;h jaxeap % fl)kar vkSj O;ogkj
Hkkjrh; 'kkL=h; ukVd Hkkjrh; 'kkL=h; ukVd vkSj lkSan;Z'kkL= dk KkulaLr ukVd dk bfrgkl ukV~;'kkL= esa of.kZr ukV~; lajpuk ds vk/kkj ij pqus gq,
laLr ukVdksa dk foLrr fo'ys"k.k o O;k[;k( mudh izLrqfr]izkphu dky esa n'kZd vkSj ledkyhu jaxeap esa mudh lkFkZdrk
ik'pkR; ukVd;wjksih; jaxeap dk bfrgkl] fo'ks"k :i ls ;wukuh =klfn;ka]'ksDlfi;j ds ukVd] vk/kqfud ukVdksa dk v;;u
vkokt+ vkSj laHkk"k.k'okl&fu;a=.k] Li"Vrk] JO;rk IkzkIr djus gsrqvkokt+ o laHkk"k.kds vH;klA buds }kjk laHkk"k.k esa dykRed izHkko dh vfHkO;fDrgksrh gS] ftlls Nk= lgtrk ls fofHkUu izdkj dh Hkwfedk,a dj
ldrs gSa
;ksx;ksx dk mn~ns'; vkluksa] f;kvksa rFkk Ikzk.kk;ke ds vH;kl
}kjk Nk=ksa dks 'kkjhfjd LokLF;] lrdZrk] ykfyR;] ,dkxzrkvkSj mPpkj.k {kerkvksa dk iw.kZ mi;ksx djus ds ;ksX; cukuk gS
eq[kkfHku; o xfr lapkyu vk/kqfud xfr lapkyu ds fl)kar vkSj i|fr f'kYi'kkL= vkSj ukV~;'kkL= ds fl)karksa dk v;;u 'kkjhfjd Hkko&Hkafxekvksa tSls gko&Hkko] eqnzkvksa vkSj xfrlapkyu }kjk ekuoh; vuqHko vkSj xfrfof/k;ksa dh vfHkO;fDr O;fDrvksa o oLrqvksa ds 'kkjhfjd voyksdu o vfHkO;fDr
}kjk vfHku; 'kSyhc) vfHku;
jax laxhr ukVd ds vkys[k ls fodflr fofHkUu ofu;ksa vkSjrky&lajpukvksa ds Kku }kjk Nk=ksa dh lkaxhfrd laosnu'khyrkesa vfHkof) djuk
lkSan;Z'kkL=h; lanHkZ vkSj jaxeap ds fof'k"B mi;ksxksa ds vk/kkjij ^VksVy fFk,Vj* dh vo/kkj.kk ds lkFk eap laxhr ds HkkoIkSnk djuk
vfHku; vkSj vk'kq&vfHku; (baizkssokbZts'ku) vfHkusrkvksa dh 'kkjhfjd vkSj Loj&laca/kh izfrHkk dk ifj"dkjrFkk mudh dYiuk'khyrk vkSj laosnu'khyrk dk mi;ksx djmudh izfrHkk dks fu[kkjuk ifjos'k vkSj vuqHko ds izfr tkx:drk c
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ikB~;e ikB~;e
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IkzFke l= Lo ds v;;u vkSj jaxeap esa mlds O;ogkj ij dsfUnzrgSA
vfHku; dk ifjp; Ikzn'kZu dkS'ky ewy rRo] 'kkjhfjd rS;kjh] ;ksx
vkokt+] laHkk"k.k vkSj laxhr Lkakl ysus] xquxqukus] vkokt+ ds mrkj&p
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vfHku;(fo'ks"kKrk)
Hkkjrh; 'kkL=h; ukVd esa vfHku; % fofHkUu 'kSfy;ksa ds /kkfeZdewy rRoksa] foLrkfjr eqnzkvksa] xfr lapkyu] uR; vkSj iwoZjaxizLrqfr ls iwoZ ltho laxhr ctkuk dk v;;u fd;k tkrk gS
'kkL=h; ;wukuh ukVd esa vfHku; % i'kqvkSj ekuo eq[kkSVksa]lewgxku] dgkuh vkSj dkO; okpu ij d{kk,a 'kkfey gksaxh
ikjlh@laLr@;wukuh jaxeap ij n';dk;Z
jax&rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk(fo'ks"kKrk)
dkyt;h ukV~;ys[kksa dh vfHkdYiuk
jax ifjdYiuk dk bfrgkl] ;qxhu os'kHkw"kk] izdk'k O;oLFkk]iksLVj] xzkf +QDl vkSj ekWMy fuekZ.k
jaxeap bfrgkl] lkfgR; vkSj lkSan;Z'kkL=(nksuksa fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy, leku)
jaxeap bfrgkl% ekSf[kd feFkdksa] egkdkO;ksa] ukV~;'kkL=]iksbZfVDl] ;wukuh vkSj laLr ewyikBksa dk v;;u
lkSUn;Z'kkL=% Hkkjrh; lkSUn;Z'kkL=] LFkkiR; vkSj fp=dyk dsfl)kUr
IkzLrqfr(nksuksa fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy, leku)
izLrqfr vkSj funsZ'ku dh i|fr;ka
bl l= ls Nk= izLrqfr;ka vke n'kZdksa ds lkeus iznf'kZr dhtk;saxhA buesa ,d laLr ukVd vkSj ,d ikjaifjd 'kSyh ijvk/kkfjr ukVd 'kkfey gksxk
ikjEifjd@yksd 'kSyh ds {ks=h; rRoksa dk v;;u djus dsfy, foLrr t+ehuh dk;Z
bu izLrqfr;ksa ds ek;e ls vfHkusrk Nk= viuk vfHku; dkS'kyfu[kkjrs vkSj iznf'kZr djrs gSaA jax rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiukfo'ks"kKrk okys Nk= izLrqfr esa eap izca/kd ds vykok izdk'kO;oLFkk] eap ifjdYiuk] :i lTtk vkSj oL=&lTtk {ks=ksa esaizf'k{kqds :i esa dk;Z djrs gSa
f}rh; o"kZrhljk l=;g l= Hkkjrh; vkSj xSj&Hkkjrh; nksuksa 'kkL=h; ijaijkvksa ij dsafnzr jgrk gSA Nk= fo'ks"kKrk dsnks {ks=ksa % vfHku; ;k jaxeap rduhd vkSj ifjdYiuk esa ls ,d {ks= pqurs gSaA jaxeap bfrgkl]
lkfgR; vkSj lkSan;Z'kkL= & nksuksa fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy, vfuok;Z gSaA
vfHku;@jaxeap rduhd ,oavfHkdYiuk(nksuksa fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy, leku)
'ksDlfi;j ds ukV~;kys[k % blds varxZr eqDrkdk'kheap ij izn'kZu ds fy,] dkO;&ikB ds fy, vkSjx|&ikB ds fy, izf'k{k.k 'kkfey gS
QklZ % blds varxZr fonw"kdh; fnup;kZ] eq[kkSVk dk;ZvkSj dkWesfM;k&Msy*&vkVsZ dkenh vkSj Lokax esavk'kq&vfHku; dh i)fr;ka 'kkfey gSa
'ksDlfi;j ds ukVdksa ;k fdlh QklZ ij n';&dk;ZizLrqr fd;k tk,xkA blls lacaf/kr laHkk"k.k] xfr
lapkyu vkSj laxhr ij dk;Z tkjh jgsxk
jaxeap bfrgkl] lkfgR; vkSjlkSan;Z'kkL=
(nksuksa fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy, leku)
Hkkjrh; yksdukVdksa vkSj :ikUrj.kksa ij vfrfjDr;ku nsrs gq, Hkkjrh; vkSj xSj&Hkkjrh; jaxeapksa ds
bfrgkl dk v;;u tkjh
IkzLrqfr(nksuksa fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy, leku
vke n'kZdksa ds fy, gksus okyh izLrqfr ds fy,'ksDlfi;j ds ukVd ;k fdlh QklZ dk iwokZH;kl vkSjeapu fd;k tk,xk
f}rh; o"kZZpkSFkk l=
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ikB~;e ikB~;e
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r`rh; o"kZr`rh; o"kZ ds ikB~;e dks bl izdkj fu;kstr fd;k x;k gSfd Ikz[;kr jaxdfeZ;ksa ds ekxZn'kZu esa lapkfyr dk;Z'kkykvksa}kjk Nk=ksa dks vfHku; ;k jaxeap rduhd vkSj ifjdYiuk esa
mPp izf'k{k.k fn;k tk ldsA
bu dk;Z'kkykvksa esa vfHku; fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy,eq[kkSVksa ds lkFk mPp n{krk dk dk;Z rFkk izglu p;kZ,a]iqrqy&dyk] jaxeap esa daI;wVj dk mi;ksx] ;FkkFkZoknh
vfHku; vkSj@;k lkexzh ds mn~ns'; vkSj Ikz;ksx ij foLrr:i ls dk;Z fd;k tkrk gSA
jaxeap rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ksa ds fy,izdk'k ifjdYiuk] n'; ifjdYiuk fo"k; ij mPp Ikz f'k{k.k] izs{kkxgifjdYiuk vkSj fofHkUu izdkj ds LFkkuksa ds fy, izdk'k O;oLFkk ijifj;kstuk,a nh tk,axhA
izf'k{k.k esa f +QYe ,fizfl,'ku dkslZ vkSj jaxeap ,oa ehfM;k dslaca/kksa ij ,d dk;Z'kkyk Hkh 'kkfey gks ldrh gSA
bl o"kZ fVdV/kkjh n'kZdksa ds fy, Hkkjrh; vkSj xSj&Hkkjrh;vkys[kksa ij vk/kkfjr IkzLrqfr rS;kj vkSj eafpr dh tkrh gSaAfo'ks"kKksa dh ns[kjs[k esa Nk= bu izLrqfr;ksa esa dk;Z djrs gSaA
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vkosnu izf;kukV~;&dykvksa esa rhu o"khZ; iw.kZdkfyd ikB~;e ds fy, bl
o"kZ&2012 esa 26 Nk=ksa dk p;u fd;k tk,xkA vH;fFkZ;ksa dksfu/kkZfjr izi= esa vkosnu djuk gSA izos'k dh izf;k fuEuor gS%&
vkosnu i= vkSj foojf.kdk Mkd ls eaWxk, tk ldrs gSa rFkk;g jkukfo dh osclkbVwww.nsd.gov.in ij Hkh miyC/k gSaA
tks vH;FkhZ vkosnu i= vkSj foojf.kdk Mkd ls pkgrs gSa ogi;k vkosnu ds lkFk :- 225@&Mkd [kpZ :-75@&'kkfeydj dk fMekaM MkVfuns'kd] jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; ubZ
fnYyh ds i{k esa layXu djsaA tks vH;FkhZ vkosnu i= vkSj foojf.kdk jkukfo dh osclkbV ls
MkmuyksM dj jgs gSa og vkosnu i= ds lkFk :-150@& dkfMekaM MkVfuns'kd] jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; ubZ fnYyh dsi{k esa layXu djsaA
fMekaM MkV ^dsoy vknkrk ds [kkrs esa ns;* ds :i esajs[kkafdr gksuk pkfg,A
vkosnu i= ds lkFk lHkh izek.k i=ksa dh Ikzfr;ka vkSj gky esaf[akpokbZ xbZ ikliksVZ vkdkj dh pkj QksVks layXu djsaA
vH;fFkZ;ksa dks lk{kkRdkj ds le; izek.k i=ksa dh ewy izfr;kaizLrqr djus dh vko';drk iM+ ldrh gSA
iwjh rjg ls Hkjk x;k vkosnu Ik= lacaf/kr izek.k i=ksa ds lkFk'kS{kf.kd foHkkx] jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky;] cgkoyiqj gkml]Hkxokunkl jksM] ubZ fnYyh&110001 dks Hkstk tkuk pkfg,A
izos'k ds fy, U;wure ;ksX;rk ekU;rkizkIr fo'ofo|ky; ls fdlh Hkh fo"k; esa LukrdA
ekrHkk"kk esa n{krk] fganh vkSj vaxzst+h Hkk"kk dk O;ogkfjd KkuA
de&ls&de N% izLrqfr;ksa esa ;k jaxeap ls lacaf/kr fdlh vU;{ks= esa lf; lgHkkfxrkA
vk;q 20 ls 30 o"kZ dh vk;qrd ds lHkh iq:"k o fL=;ka bl
ikB~;e esa Ikzos'k ys ldrs gSaA
vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, vk;qlhek esa 5 o"kZ dh NwV nh xbZ gSA
f'k{k.k dk ek;e fo|ky; esa f'k{k.k dk ek;e fganh o vaxzst+h gS] tks fd lacaf/kr
fo"k; ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ;|fi ukVdksa dk izn'kZu vf/kdka'kr%fganh esa gh fd;k tkrk gSA
p;u izf;kvH;fFkZ;ksa dk p;u nks pj.kksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA izFke pj.k esaizkjafHkd p;u fd;k tkrk gS] ftlds varxZr mEehnokjksa dh
Loj&ijh{kk vFkok O;ogkfjd ijh{kk yh tkrh gS vkSj bldkvk;kstu ubZ fnYyh rFkk pkj vU; dsanzksa&dksydkrk] cSaxyq:] eqacbZvkSj xqokgkVh esa fd;k tkrk gS
izkjafHkd p;u lfefr }kjk vuq'kaflr vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ubZ fnYyh esap;u ds vafre pj.k ls xqtjuk iM+rk gS ftlesa 4&5 fnu dh,d dk;Z'kkyk gksrh gSA vafre p;u Ikzf;k esa izfrHkkxh dh
lh[kus vkSj lkewfgd ltu dh euksofk ij ;ku fn;k tkrk gSAp;u Ikzf;k dks vkSj foLr`r vk/kkj nsus ds fy,] ;g lqfuf'prfd;k tkrk gS fd tgka rd laHko gks lds vH;FkhZ vf/kd lsvf/kd jkT;ksa vkSj la?k 'kkflr Ikzn'kksa ls pqus tk,aA
vafre ijh{kk ds fy, cqyk, x, vH;fFkZ;ksa dks f}rh; Js.khjsyxkM+h@cl fVdV@jlhn bR;kfn izLrqr djus ij viusxguxj ls fnYyh fLFkr lk{kkRdkj ds LFkku rd fudVre ekxZ
ls vkus rFkk okil tkus dk ;k=k Hkkk ,oa nSfud Hkkk Ikznkufd;k tk,xkA mUgsa fo|ky; ds Nk=kokl esa jgus ds fy, LFkkuHkh fn;k tk,xkA
vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr@vU; fiNM+k oxZ ls lacaf/kr mEehnokjksa dsfy, vkj{k.k26 lhVksa esa ls 5 lhVsa vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr rFkk5 lhVsa vU; fiNM+k oxZ ds mu mEehnokjksa ds fy, vkjf{kr gSa tksizn'kZu dykvksa ls tqM+s ikjaifjd ifjokjksa ls gSaA
fons'kh mEehnokjbl ikB~;e esa fons'kh Nk= Hkh izos'k ys ldrs gSaA gkykafd lhVksa
dh la[;k lhfer gksus ds dkj.k ,d l= esa 1&2 ls vf/kdfons'kh Nk=ksa dks izos'k nsuk laHko ugha gksrkA ,sls Nk= vkosnu i=vius ns'k esa fLFkr Hkkjrh; nwrkokl@mPpk;ksx ds ek;e ls tekdjok,a tks mUgsa Hkkjrh; lkaLfrd laca/k ifj"kn~ vkbZlhlhvkjdks vxzlkfjr djsaxsA dsoy vkbZlhlhvkj }kjk vuq'kaflr vkosnuksaij gh fo|ky; }kjk fopkj fd;k tk,xkA
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Hkkjr ljdkj ds v/khu mPp inksa ,oalsokvksa esa HkrhZ ds fy, ikB~;e dhekU;rkfo|ky; }kjk ukV~;dyk esa fn, tkusokys mDr fMIyksek dks Hkkjr
ljdkj ds rRdkyhu f'k{kk rFkk laLfr ea=ky; }kjk dsanzh;ljdkj ds v/khu mPp inksa ij rFkk lsokvksa esa HkrhZ ds iz;kstukFkZekU;rk iznku dh xbZ gS] tgka ukV~;dyk esa Lukrdkskj fo'ks"kKrkvko';d gksrh gSA ;g fMIyksek ukV~;dyk esa Lukrdkskj mikf/kds led{k gS vkSj jk-uk-fo- ds Lukrd egkfo|ky;ksa vkSj
fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa f'k{kdksa ds :i esa fu;qfDr rFkk ih,p-Mh-iathdj.k ds fy, ;ksX; gSaA
pqus gq, vH;fFkZ;ksa ds nkf;Rojk-uk-fo- esa izf'k{k.k csgn dM+k gksrk gS vkSj O;olkf;drk vftZrdjus ds fy, dBksj 'kkjhfjd ifjJe dh vko';drk gksrh gSANk=ksa ls ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd jaxdk;Z gsrqvko';drkuqlkj
mudk LokLF; larqfyr jgs rFkk muesa i;kZIr tZfLork gksA vr%pqus gq, vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ekU;rk IkzkIr fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh }kjk IkznkfpfdRlk izek.k i= IkzLrqr djuk gksrk gSA izR;sd Nk= ds fy,'kkjhfjd LokLF; vfuok;Z gSA bl laca/k esa] fdlh Hkh le; fdlhHkh Nk= ds LokLF; dh fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh }kjk tkap djk, tkusdk vf/kdkj fo|ky; ds ikl lqjf{kr gSA ;fn fdlh Nk= dks'kkjhfjd nf"V ls vLoLFk ik;k tkrk gS rks iwjh lgkuqHkwfr dsckotwn fo|ky; ds fy, ml Nk= dks fo|ky; esa v;;u tkjh
j[kus dh vuqefr nsuk laHko ugha gks ik,xkA
p;fur Nk=ksa dks fdlh Hkh vU; lzksr ls dksbZ Hkh Nk=ofr izkIrdjus dh vuqefr ugha gksrhA mUgsa fu/kkZfjr izi= ij bl vk'k;dk opu nsuk gksrk gS fd mUgsa fdlh vU; lzksr ls dksbZ HkhNk=ofk izkIr ugha gqbZ gSA
pqus x, mEehnokjksa ls ;g Hkh vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd os u, l=ds igys fnu fo|ky; esa mifLFkr gksaA fo|ky; ,sls Nk=ksa dks
Lohdkj ugha djrk] tks 'kq#vkrh fnuksa esa gh fo|ky; esa viuhmifLFkfr ntZ ugha djk ikrs vFkok tks rhu o"kZ dh iwjh vof/krd fo|ky; esa cus ugha jg ldrsA fo|ky; esa u;k l= izfro"kZe; tqykbZ ls izkjaHk gks tkrk gSA
'kqYd ,oa tek jkf'kpqus x, Nk=ksa dks l= vkjaHk gksus ls igys lHkh ns; 'kqYdfo|ky; esa tek djkus gksaxs] 'kqYd tek u gks ikus dh fLFkfr esaNk= dks fo|ky; esa izos'k ugha fn;k tk,xkA
Ikzos'k 'kqYd % :- 150
f'k{kk 'kqYd % :- 150 izfr ekg
Nk= la?k lnL;rk 'kqYd % :- 60 izfr ekg
O;k;ke d{kkvksa dh os'kHkw"kk gsrqjkf'k % :- 1500 yxHkx
:i&lTtk fdV ds fy, vfxze jkf'k % :- 2000lek;ksT;
tekurh vkSj iqLrdky; jkf'k % :- 9000 [kkrksa dsvafre fuiVku ds cknIkzR;iZ.kh;
ys[ku lkexzh % :- 1650
Nk=kokl o eSl 'kqYdNk=kokl fdjk;k % :- 200 izfr ekg
fo|qr ,oa ty 'kqYd % :- 100 izfr ekgiz;ksx ds fglkc ls
lek;ksT;
fpfdRlk 'kqYd % :- 100 izfr ekg
eSl 'kqYd nksigj ,oa jkr dk Hkkstu % :- 1350 izfr ekggj efgus fHkUu gksusdh laHkkouk
Nk=ksa dks lykg nh tkrh gS fd os izos'k ds le; fdlh Hkh rjgdh dher of)@mijksDr enksa esa c
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mifLFkfr laca/kh fu;efo|ky; dh ijh{kkvksa esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, izFke o"kZ ds Nk=ksadh d{kkvksa] iwokZH;kl vkSj izLrqfr ds nkSjku izkr% dkyhu d{kkvksa
lfgr de&ls&de 90 izfr'kr mifLFkfr gksuk vko';d gSAf}rh; ,oa r`rh; o"kZ ds izR;sd lewg ds fy, Nk=ksa dh vfHku;]izLrqfr] lkfgR; vkSj eap f'kYi dh d{kkvksa esa dqy feykdj 75Ikzfr'kr vkSj iwokZH;kl ,oa izkr% dkyhu d{kkvksa esa 90 izfr'kr
mifLFkfr vko';d gSA
mifLFkfr ds lkFk&lkFk lHkh d{kkvksa ds fy, le;c+)rkvfuok;Z gSA rhu fnuksa rd yxkrkj d{kk esa nsj ls vkus vFkok
rhu d{kkvksa esa vuqifLFkfr dks ,d iwjs fnu dh vuqifLFkfr dscjkcj ekuk tk,xkA rFkkfi] vioknLo:i] leqfpr dkj.k izLrqrfd, tkus ij funs'kd vkSj ladk; ds foosd ij mi;qZDr U;wure
mifLFkfr esa NwV nh tk ldrh gSA
Nk=ksa dh mifLFkfr ds mi;qZDr izfr'kr dh x.kuk l= dsvk/kkj ij dh tkrh gSA mifLFkfr iw.kZ u gksus ij Nk=ksa dksijh{kk esa cSBus dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA ,sls Nk= fo|ky; esaviuh i
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ys[ku lkexzh ,oa vU; midj.kNk=ksa dks dsoy d{kk dk;ksZa gsrqfo|ky; ls Mkbax isij] ekmaVcksMZ vkSj ydM+h fu%'kqYd iznku dh tk,xhA 'ks"k lkexzh Nk=ksadks Lo;a [kjhnuh gksxhA viuk lkeku o futh pht+sa j[kus dsfy, gj Nk= dks ,d ykWdj fn;k tk,xkA izos'k ysus ij Nk=ksadks vko';d ikB~;&iqLrdsa o :i&lTtk lkexzh Hkh [kjhnuhgksxh ftudh dqy dher yxHkx 3000@&:- gksxhA
ijh{kk] ewY;kadu rFkk d{kksUufrizR;sd l= ds nkSjku vkSj var esa Nk=ksa ds dk;Z dk ewY;kadu
fd;k tk,xk] ftlds varxZr fu;fer dk;Z] ifj;kstukvksa vkSjizLrqfr;ksa esa Nk=ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk&lkFk iwjs l= esa rFkk
ijh{kk esa muds }kjk fd, x, izn'kZu ij Hkh fopkj fd;k
tk,xkA fMIyksek iznku djus ds fy, ,d l= ls vxys l=
rd ds vkSj mlds vkxs ds l=ksa ds ewY;kaduksa dks ;ku esa j[kk
tk,xkA dqy izkIr vadksa ds fy, ekfld vFkok vkof/kd ijh{kkvksaesa Nk=ksa }kjk lS)kafrd vkSj O;kogkfjd fo"k;ksa esa izkIr dqy vadksa
ds vkSlr ds 50 izfr'kr vad l=akr ijh{kkvksa esa muds }kjk izkIr
dqy vadksa ds 50 izfr'kr esa tksM+s tk,axsA ,slk izR;sd o"kZ esa fd;k
tk,xkA fMIyksek dh ;ksX;rk izkIr djus ds fy, rrh; o vafre
o"kZ esa izR;sd o"kZ esa izkIr vadksa dk vkSlr fudkyk tk,xkA
lHkh ijh{kkvksa vkSj ewY;kaduksa dks izR;sd fo"k; esa 100 vad vad
iz.kkyh ds rgr vad i= esa n'kkZ;k tk,xkA
Nk=ks dh d{kksUufr nwljs vkSj pkSFks l= ds vr es ;kfu fd igys
vkSj nwljs o"kZ ds var esa gksxhA rhljs o"kZ ds NBs l= ds var esa
Nk= mkh.kZ gksaxsA vafre ifj.kke esa Nk= }kjk izkIr lap;h vad
fcanq&vkSlr dqy vad 'kkfey gkassxsA
ijh{kk mkh.kZ djus ds fy, Nk=ksa dks izR;sd fo"k; esa 40 izfr'kr
vkSj dqy 50 izfr'kr vad izkIr djus gksaxsA ;fn dksbZ Nk= fdUghanks fo"k;ksa esa 40 izfr'kr vad ugha yk ikrk@ikrh] rc mls bl
'krZ ij vuqiwjd ijh{kk esa cSBus dh vuqefr nh tk,xh ;fn
mlds mu fo"k;ksa dk dk;Z lkewfgd izfr dk ugha gS vkSj mlus
dqy ;ksx esa 50 izfr'kr vad izkIr dj fy, gSaA blfy, ;fndksbZ Nk= izLrqfr ;k fdlh ,sls fo"k; tks lkewfgd izfr dk gS]
esa lgHkkxh ugha gks ikrk ;k mlus dqy ;ksx esa 50 izfr'kr lsde vad izkIr fd, gSa rks ,slh fLFkfr esa vuqiwjd ijh{kk dk
izko/kku ugha gksxk vkSj Nk= dks fo|ky; NksM+uk iM+sxkA
Nk= ds fdlh Hkh fo"k; esa vuqkh.kZ gksus ij 'kh?kz gh vuqiwjd
ijh{kk yh tk,xhA ;fn bl rjg dh ijh{kk igys] rhljs vkSj
ikaposa l= esa yh tkrh gS rks bl ijh{kk ds vad okf"kZd ijh{kk
dh vad x.kuk esa tksM+s tk,axsA
fo|ky; dh 'kS{kf.kd ifj"kn~ bl iz.kkyh dh fof/kor leh{kkdjus ds ckn ifjorZu dk dkj.k crkrs gq, bu fu;eksa esa
vko';d ifjorZu djus gsrqiw.kZ :i ls l{ke gSA bl lanHkZ esa
Nk= 'kS{kf.kd ifj"kn~ dk fu.kZ; ekuus ds fy, ck; gksaxsA
jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; ukV~;&dyk esa rhu o"khZ; ,dhrizf'k{k.k iznku djrk gS] rnqijkar Lukrdkskj fMIyksek iznku fd;ktkrk gSA D;ksafd bl izf'k{k.k esa izR;sd Nk= dks ukV~;&dyk dscqfu;knh rRoksa dh f'k{kk nh tkrh gS vkSj ml ij O;fDrxr :i
ls ;ku fn;k tkrk gS] vr% vafre izos'k 26 Nk=ksa rd lhferj[kk x;k gSA ftlds pyrs fu'p; gh ukV~;dyk lh[kus dsbPNqd vf/kdka'k jaxdehZ fo|ky; esa iznr izf'k{k.k ls ykHkkfUorugha gks ikrsA
bu jaxdfeZ;ksa rd igqap cukus rFkk laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa jaxeap ds izfrtkx:drk iSnk djus dh nf"V ls jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; us1978 esa vYidkfyd v;kiu vkSj LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvksa esa ukV~;
izf'k{k.k dh ;kstuk vkjaHk dhA blds rgr fiNys 30 ls HkhT;knk o"kkZsa esa fo|ky; us bl rjg ds izf'k{k.k dk;Ze ns'k dsyxHkx gj {ks= esa vk;ksftr fd, gSaA blds vfrfjDr vusdxgu izLrqfrijd rFkk fo"k;ksUeq[k dk;Z'kkyk,a Hkh lapkfyr dh gSaA
fo|ky; }kjk foLrkj dk;Ze dks vkSj vf/kd lqn
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fo|ky; d Hkwriwo v;{k*MkW- ih-oh- jkteUukj 1959&61
*egkjktk Jh pkejkt okfM;kj cgknqj 1961&65
*Jherh bafnjk xka/kh 1967&72
*MkW- ds-ih-,l- esuu 1972&77
Jherh deyk nsoh pV~Vksik;k; 1977&78
Jh ,y-,e- fla?koh 1978&82
lqJh 'kkark xka/kh 1982&86
MkW- lqjs'k voLFkh 1986&88
Jherh fot;k ,Q- esgrk 1988&92
MkW- ih-lh- tks'kh 1992&96
MkW- panz'ks[kj dEckj 1996&2001
Jh vuqie [ksj 2001&2004
fo|ky; d Hkwriwo fun'kdJh lkrwlsu 1959&61
Jh bZ- vYdkt+h 1962&77
Jh c-o- dkjar 1977&82
izks- ch-,e- 'kkg 1982&84
izks- eksgu egf"kZ 1984&86
Jh jru fFk;e 1987&88
Ikzks- lqJh dhfrZ tSu 1988&95Ikzks- jkexksiky ctkt 1995&2001
Ikzks- nsosUnz jkt vadqj 2001&2007
orZeku inkf/kdkjhv;{k % Jherh veky vYykuk twu 2005 ls
funs'kd % MkW- vuqjk/kk diwj tqykbZ 2007 ls
* tc jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; laxhr ukVd vdknseh ds iz'kklfud fu;a=.k esa Fkk rc vdknseh ds v;{k] jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; ds Hkhla;qDr :i ls v;{k FksA
vfHku;f=iqjkfj 'kekZizksQslj] vfHku;
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls vaxzst+h esa Lukrd vkSj jk-uk-fo- lsfunsZ'ku esa fo'ks"kKrk ds lkFk fMIyksek izkIr f=iqjkfj 'kekZ dbZukVdksa dk ys[ku&funsZ'ku djus ds vykok ns'k o fons'k dhvusd jax&eaMfy;ksa ls lac) jgh gSaA ,d iz[;kr ukVddkj ds:i esa tgkWa mUgksaus cgwrFkk dkB dh xkM+h tSls ukVd fy[ksgSa] vusd Hkkjrh; vkSj ik'pkR; ukVdksa tSls fd va/kk;qx o
vkWFksyks dk vuqokn fd;k gS ogha dbZ f +QYeksa tSls fepZ elkyko gt+kj pkSjklh dh ekWa ds fy, ys[ku dk;Z Hkh fd;k gSA ogukSVadh] [;ky] iaMokuh tSlh yksd&'kSfy;ksa esa dj pqdha gSaA
muds ukVdksa dk ns'k dh fofHkUu Hkk"kkvkas] vaxzst+h rFkk dkB dhxkM+h ukVd dk Sap esa vuqokn gqvk gSA mUgksaus 1986 esavesfjdk esa vk;ksftr igys varjkZ"Vh; efgyk ukVddkj
lEesyu esa Hkkjr dk izfrfuf/kRo fd;kA mUgsa jaxeap esa fof'k"Bdk;Z gsrq1986 esa laLfr iqjLdkj] 1990 esa fnYyh ukV~; la?k
lEeku vkSj m-iz- laxhr ukVd vdknseh ds l +Qnj gk'ehiqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA izks- 'kekZ Hkkjr dh mu
99 fof'k"B efgykvksa esa 'kkfey gSa ftUgsa ,d varjkZ"Vh; igy}kjk ukscy 'kkafr iqjLdkj ds fy, gt+kj efgyk,a* ds fy,ukfer fd;k x;k gSA
gsek flag,lksfl,V izksQslj] vfHku;
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls jktuhfr 'kkL= esa ch-,- vkWulZ vkSjjk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls 1982 esa Lukrd] gsek flag Hkkjrh;jaxeap dh tkuh&ekuh vfHkus=h gSaA mUgksaus vusd izfrf"Br
Hkkjrh; vkSj varjk"Vh; funsZ'kdksa ds funsZ'ku esa 50 ls Hkhvf/kd eq[; Hkwfedk,a vfHkuhr dh gSaA mUgksaus jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMyds lkFk 10 o"kksZa rd dk;Z fd;k vkSj ikjlh jaxeap rFkk dkO;izLrqfrdj.k esa vius uohu fopkjksa ds fy, tkuh tkrh gSaAHkkjr vkSj fons'kksa esa vusd dk;Z'kkykvksa dk lapkyu dj pqdhagsek flag jaxeap ij ys[k] iqLrdksa ds vuqokn ds vykok,u-lh-bZ -vkj-Vh-] Vsyhohtu vkSj jsfM;ks ds fy, Hkh ys[ku djpqdha gSaA og jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; esa o"kZ 2003 ls ,lksfl,VizksQslj gSaA jaxeap esa fo'ks"k ;ksxnku ds fy, mUgsas 2008 esaizfrf"Br euksgj flag Lefr iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
vuqjk/kk diwjfuns'kd] jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky;o izksQslj] vfHku; ,oa funsZ'ku
vuqjk/kk diwj us yhM~l fo'ofo|ky; ls ih-,p-Mh- dh mikf/k izkIr dhA mUgksausHkkjrh; jaxeap ij foLrr :i ls fy[kk gSA mudh iqLrd % ,DVlZ fiyfxzEl]fdaXl ,aM xkWM~l] n jkeyhyk ,V jkeuxj] lhxy cqDl dydkk }kjk izdkf'krdh xbZ gSA muds }kjk funsZf'kr ukVdksa esa% mejko] n tkWc] lqUnjh % ,u ,DVjfizis;lZ] n okbYM Md vkSj ,UVhxuh gSaA mUgksaus O;kid :Ik ls v;kiu vkSjfunsZ'ku dk;Z fd;k gSA muds }kjk funsZf'kr ukVd Hkkjr vkSj fons'k ds dbZizfrf"Br jaxeap lekjksgksa esa eafpr gq, gSaA os 1989 esa LFkkfir] fp=dkjksa] laxhrKksa]
ys[kdksa vkSj jaxdfeZ;ksa ds ny fooknh dh laLFkkid lnL; Hkh gSaA vusd iqjLdkj olEeku izkIr MkW- diwj dks 2004 esa funsZ'ku ds fy, laxhr ukVd vdknseh iqjLdkjls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
54 55
2002&03 esa vfHkyk"k fiYyS dks laLfr ijLdkj ls lEekfur ij gbZ ;usLdks dh dk;Z'kkyk ds og dkslZ MkbjsDVj FksA mUgksausvCny yrhQ [kVkuk enzkl fo'ofo|ky; ls ih,p Mh dh gSA 1991 esa mUgksaus jkuk fo
ladk; ladk;
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2002 03 e vf kyk k fiYy dk lLfr iqjLdkj l l ekfurfd;k x;kA
ukV~; lkfgR;dhfrZ tSuizksQslj] vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; ukVd
vaxzst+h lkfgR; esa ,e-,- rFkk jk-uk-fo- ls funsZ'ku esa fo'ks"kKrkds lkFk ukV~; dyk esa fMIyksek IkzkIr dhfrZ tSu ukVdksa esavfHku;] funsZ'ku ds vykok Hkkjr vkSj fons'kksa esa dbZ
jax&dk;Z'kkykvksa dk lapkyu vkSj jaxeap ls lacaf/kr iqLrdksa ,oaif=dkvksa ds fy, fgUnh o vaxzst+h esa ys[k fy[k pqdh gSaAlkaLfrd vknku&iznku dk;Ze ds varxZr laxksf"B;ksa vkSjlEesyuksa esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, mUgksaus fofHkUu ns'kksaa dh ;k=k,aa dhgaSA mUgksaus fnYyh nwjn'kZu ds fy, dbZ ukVd o okfp= rS;kjfd, vkSj 1988 ls 1995 rd fo|ky; ds funs'kd in ijdk;Zjr jgh gSaA bl nkSjku mUgksaus jkukfo esa laLdkj jax Vksyh]vfHkys[ku o izdk'ku dk;Zeksa ds vykok cSaxyq# esa,d {ks=h; lalk/ku dsanz izkjaHk fd;kA og uVjax izfr"Bku*uked jaxeap lalk/ku dsanz dh U;klh Hkh gSA izks- tSu dks2010 esa izfrf"Br c-o- dkjUr Lefr iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;kx;k gSA
ds- ,l- jktsUnzuizksQslj] 'kkL=h; Hkkjrh; ukVd
ds- ,l- jktsUnzu Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds ukVdksa ds tkus&ekusfunsZ'kd gSaA jk-uk-fo- ls Lukrd mikf/k izkIr dj mUgksaus pSUubZfLFkr jaxeaMy dqFkw&ih&iV~VjkbZ ds lkFk dk;Z fd;kA 2007 esa
mUgksaus ubZ fnYyh fFk,Vj odZ'kkWi uked laLFkk dh LFkkiuk dhftlus vc rd dbZ uR;&jaxeap izLrqfr;kW nh gSaA mudsfunZs'kdh; dk;ksaZ esa dkfynkl vkSj 'kwnzd ds dkyt;h laLrukVdksa ds vykok czs"V] vk;ksusLdks vkSj tsusV ds :ikarj.kksa lsysdj ledkyhu ys[kdksa ds ukVd 'kkfey gSaA mUgksaus Hkkjr vkSjfon'kksa esa dbZ jax dk;Z'kkyk,a lapkfyr dh gS vkSj jaxeap ijO;k[;ku Hkh fn, gSaA 2006 esa cq[kkjsLV esa ^,afl,aV bafM;u Mkek*
ij gqb ;wuLdk dh dk;'kkyk d og dkl MkbjDVj kA m gku2008 esa Jaxsjh ds laLr fo'ofo|ky; ds fy, laLr ukV~;izLrqfr ij ,d jk"Vh; dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu fd;kA mudhgky dh izLrqfr 'ksDlfi;j r fjpMZ&3 chftax esa vk;ksftrnwljs varjjk"Vh; jax egksRlo esa 'kkfey dh xbZ FkhA Jh
jktsUnzu viuh vuqla/kku ifj;kstuk fFk,Vj vkWQ nzfofM+;uewoesaV* ij dk;Z djrs gq, dkmafly vkWQ fgLVksfjdy fjlpZ dsv;srk 1985&87 jgs gSaA
lkaruqcksl
vflLVSaV izksQslj] fo'o ukVdtk/koiqj fo'ofo|ky; ls rqyukRed lkfgR; dk v;;u djus dsckn lkaruqcksl us jk"Vh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls LukRdkskj mikf/kizkIr dhA mUgksaus jaxeap dh 'kq:vkr fo[;kr jaxdehZ rfIr fe=ds lkFk ,d izf'k{kqds :i esa dhA og cgqlkaLfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksaesa izLrqfr rS;kj djus esa fo'ks"k :fp ysrs jgs gSaA mUgksaus f +QYeksa dsn'; fuekZ.k ds vykok rRlaca/kh izf'k{k.k Hkh fn;k gS vkSj xSyjhvk/kkfjr n';&dyk dk;ksZa esa fMftVy rduhd dk iz;ksx fd;kgSA
jaxeap rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiukjkWfcu nklizksQslj] n'; ifjdYiuk
mRdy fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd jkWfcu nkl us 1976 esa
jk-uk-fo- ls Lukrdkskj mikf/k izkIr dh vkSj 1977&78 easfo|ky; ds f'k{k.k ladk; dk fgLlk cusA ns'k ds izeq[kfunsZ'kdksa ds lkFk fMt+kbuj ds :Ik esa dk;Z djrs gq, mUgksausfofHkUu fo/kkvksa ds yxHkx 50 izLrqfr;ksa ds fy, jkspd fMt+kbu
rS;kj fd,A ,d funsZ'kd ds :i esa mUgksaus ledkyhu Hkkjrh;jaxeap ds dbZ egRoiw.kZ igyqvksa dks vkxs c
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qges'kk rRij jgs gSaA o"kZ 2000 esa jaxeap ifjdYiuk ds {ks= esafo'ks"k ;ksxnku ds fy, mUgsa laxhr ukVd vdknseh iq:Ldkj ls
lEekfur fd;k x;kA
v'kksd lkxj HkxrizksQslj] jaxeap LFkkiR;
jkukfo ds o"kZ 1979 ds Lukrd v'kksd lkxj Hkxr ,d[;kfrizkIr izdk'k o n'; ifjdYid gSaA og laxhr ukVdiqjLdkj ls lEekfur 2002 gSa vkSj orZeku esa vk/kqfud fopkjksa
ds lkFk izkS|ksfxdh ds iz;ksx }kjk fFk,Vj bekjrksa ds iqu#)kj esalayXu gSaA jaxeap rduhd vkSj rRlaca/kh lapkyu ds {ks= esamuds }kjk fn, x;s ;ksxnku esa gkW,fLVax flLVe ds fy,Lokyach Lisl se dk fuekZ.k] Vw&ckj MkWi&dVsZu vkWijs'ku dkifjp;] jkukfo ds vfHkeap lHkkxkj esa Hkkjr dk igyk^ykbV&lkWV&IkSfpax* 'kkfey gSaA mUgksaus fpUe; fe'ku fnYyhds :Ik esa Hkkjr dk Ikgyk bdks&'kSy lHkkxkj fn;k gSA mUgksausIkVuk fLFkr ipkl ds n'kd esa cus izsepan jax'kkyk dk Hkhuohdj.k fd;k vkSj mls lsYQ+ LikWfVZax gkW,fLVax flLVe dsvykok u;k ywi&dkm.Vj&osV flLVe fn;k gSA gky gh esa cuwjfLFkr Hkkth xqj'kj.k lHkkxkj mudk ,d mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku gSftlesa mUgksaus 90 QqV O;kl dk v/kZ&xksykdkj czsy&IknkZ cuk;kgSA Ikzks- Hkxr tkiku] teZuh] phu] FkkbZyS.M] :l] fdxhZLrku]dt+kDLrku] dksfj;k vkSj czkthy esa vk;ksftr QSLVhoYl vkWQbafM;k* ds rduhdh funsZ'kd jg pqds gSaA mUgksaus cSafMV DohuvkSj gt+kjksa [+okfg'ksa ,slh f +QYeksa esa dyk&funsZ'kd ds rkSj ij
mR"V dk;Z fd;k gSA
lqjs'k Hkkj}ktizksQslj] izdk'k ifjdYiuk
jk-uk-fo- ds Lukrd lqjs'k Hkkj}kt us 1980 esa foLrkj dk;Zeds varxZr ,d o"khZ; f'k{kkofr izkIr dhA og Hkkjr Hkou
jaxeaMy] Hkksiky ds rduhdh funsZ'kd vkSj fnYyh dh jaxeaMyh^laHko* ds laLFkkid lnL; jgs gSaA 1985 esa mUgksaus Vsyhfot+uvkSj flusek dh vksj :[k fd;kA 1988 esa og jkukfo ladk; ds
bl nkSjku nwjn'kZu vkSj lSVsykbV pSuyksa ds fy, ys[ku]funsZ'ku vkSj fMt+kbu dk;Z fd,] Hkkjr vkSj fons'kksa esa dbZ
jaxeap dk;Z'kkyk,a lapkfyr dha vkSj vusd laLFkkuksa ds fy,dbZ Hkk"kkvksa esa ukVdksa dh ifjdYiuk o funsZ'ku fd;kA mUgksaus;wusLdks ds varxZr oYMZ Mkek Ldwy esa varjjk"Vh; fu.kkZ;d ds:i esa Hkh dk;Z fd;k gSA mUgsa jaxeap ds {ks= esa fo'ks"k ;ksxnkuds fy, laxhr ukVd vdknseh iqjLdkj vkSj peu yky
lkslkbVh ds jkWLdks ;w-ds- iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA
vejthr 'kekZ,slksfl,V izksQslj] eap VSDuksykWthfnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd] vejthr 'kekZ us 1979 esa
jk-uk-fo- ds dk"B'kkyk foHkkx esa dk;Z vkjaHk fd;k] rnqijkar os1994 esa eap VSDyksykWftLV ds in ij fu;qDr gq,A ukVdksa dseapu vkSj lacaf/kr xfrfof/k;ksa gsrqeap ifjdYiuk,a] ;kstuk,a vkSjekWMy rS;kj djuk mudk mkjnkf;Ro jgk gSA 1999 ls izkjEHkgq, Hkkjr jax egksRlo] 1998 ls izkjEHk gq, t'us cpiu vkSj2000&2001 esa vk;ksftr Hkkjr esa teZu egksRlo ls ysdj vc
rd og yxkrkj eap&laLFkkiu vkSj fu"iknu dk mYys[kuh;dk;Z dj pqds gSaA mUgksaus Vsyhfotu /kkjkokfgdksa ds fy, Hkh eapifjdYiuk dh gS vkSj jkukfo dh vksj ls eap fuekZ.k laca/kh dk;Zds fy, teZuh vkSj Jhyadk Hkh x,A mUgksaus 1998 esaHkkjr&tkiku lkaLfrd vknku&iznku dk;Ze ds rgr VksD;ksesa vk;ksftr mUur jax&rduhd dk;Ze esa Hkh Hkkx fy;kA
vfrfFk ladk;fo|ky; le; ij ns'k&fons'k ds mR"V ltZukRedizfrHkkvksa dks vfrfFk ladk; lnL; ds :i esa vkeaf=r djrk jgkgSA fHkUu&fHkUu Hkkf"kd vkSj lkaLfrd i"BHkwfe;ksa ds ,sls dbZ
ltu'khy O;fDrRo tks jaxeap ds {ks= esa lf; gSa vkSj lkaLfrd;FkkFkZ ds ifjorZu'khy ifjn'; esa bl ek;e dh pqukSfr;ksa dk
lkeuk djrs jgs gSa] fo|ky; esa vfrfFk ladk; ds :Ik esa vkrs jgsgSa vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls vius vuqHko lk>k djrs jgs gSaA
jxeMylqjs'k 'kekZjaxeaMy] izeq[k
HkkjrsanqukV~; vdknseh y[ku ls jaxeap dyk esa fMIyksekvkSj jk-uk-fo- ls vfHku; esa Lukrdkskj fMIyksek izkIr Jh lqjs'k'kekZ us fnYyh ds laHko ukV~; laLFkk ds lkFk Lora= jaxdehZ ds
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