Download - NVMemory2009 Pres
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NON VOLATILE MEMORY
Diana Baren, Ashton Clark, Ryan Clark
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Roadmap
Flash MemoryPRAM
CMOx
NRAM
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Non-volatile Random Access Memory
Memory that does not loose its
information when powered off
Flash, ROM, PRAM, NRAM,
CMOx
Best known form is Flash memory
but PRAM is the Flash of thenext generation
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How Flash Memory Saves Data
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Phase Change Random Access Memory (PRAM
Numonyx.co
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PRAM Cell
Amorphous (0) Crystalline
Amorphous State (Binary 0Numonyx.co
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PCM Mechanisms
Bin ar y 1
Bi na r y 0
Bi na r y 0
Numonyx.co
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PRAM Advantages
Numonyx.co
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Multilevel PCM Breakthrough
Intel and STMicroelectronic
find two additional partial
crystallization states to
store data
Doubled memory capacity
Technologyreview.com
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Difference between PCM and FLASH
Numonyx.co
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How to Beat Flash?
Transistors cannot be used as selection
devices
Diode-like selection device is needed
The memory cell current has to scale warea
http://www.unitysemi.com/downloads/news/NVMTS_2008_complete.pdf
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Flash Scalability
Flash memory cells have a finite # of read/write cycles
When a SSD reaches its cycle limit it doesnt crash
The drive stops allowing writes and becomes read only
Data can still be accessed
Flash is est. to reach its limit by ~ 20nm
http://en.wikipedia.o rg/wiki/Flash_memorySSD = so lid state drive
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Price of Flash vs. DRAM
Flash is cheaper than DRAM and PRAM?
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CMOx Memory Technology
Why is CMOx cheaper / faster than Flash?
No transistor in memory cell
Smaller 0.5F memory cell size2
Uses less than one mA of write current per cell
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CMOx Memory Technology (cont.)
The MLC utilizes a resistance change element
Conduction across the device is uniform
Uses 4 physical layers of MLC memory
Has 4x the density and 10x the write speed of NAND flash
No new process technology is needed to make CMOx
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Why Multi-level Cell?
SLC has high manufacturing costs
MLC has lower manufacturing costs
MLC provides an analog characteristic
a digital component
http://www.usbcompany.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/memory-in-
branded-usb-sticks.gif
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How CMOx Works
Through the application of a high electric
field across the Tunnel Oxide (TO) layer,
the charge buildup in the TO can be
controlled, which leads to a change in
device resistance.
Cross section of CMOx Technology
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The 0.5F Memory Cell2
The F measure permits comparison of memory cell sizes acros2
any process technology
The smaller the F measure, the more memory cells per unit ar2
F measures for major memory technologies:2
DRAM 8F or 6F cell size2 2
SLC NAND Flash 4.5F cell size2
MLC NAND Flash 2.25F cell size2
CMOx = 0.5F 2
F = Feature Size Squared2
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NRAM: Nano-RAM
Nantero
Very Promising
Use of CNTs
Van der Waals Force
d A k?
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How does NRAM work?
C Fl
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Current Flow
V d W l F
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Van de Waals Force
OFF STATE ON STATE
NRAM Fi
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NRAM Figures
NRAM Ti i Di
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NRAM Timing Diagram
Ad t t NRAM
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Advantages to NRAM
Can be made much Replaces DRAM and
denser Flash
Low power needed Leads to Instant on
ComputersRetains memory
without power source Longer battery Life
Faster to Write More Resistant to Wear
Q ti
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Questions