Transcript
  • , ,

    ,

    2011

  • 2 , , ,

    -

    1. 254

    2. 273

    3. 282

    4. 284

    -1 288

    -2 303

    ,

    1. 6

    2. , 10

    3. , , , 20

    4. 41

    5. 48

    6. , 91

    7. 108

    8. 114

    8.1. 114

    8.2. 128

    8.3. 138

    8.4. 149

    8.5. 170

    8.6., , 180

    8.7. 188

    9., , 195

    10., 209

    11. 212

    219

    3

  • 3 , ,

    ,

    , , , , . 2004 29 , , . , , , . , , , . - , (WWF)- . , , - , , , ; 2 18 , , .

    , , , , , .

  • 4 , , ,

  • 5 , ,

    ,

    ,

  • 6 , , ,

    1.

    1.1 ,

    , , , , , .

    , , , , . 2004 29 ( 1.1) , . 14 .

    2010 4 19- , -108 , (), - , . -, .

    , . - .

    .1.1.

  • 7 , ,

    ,

    1.2

    -, . , .

    1.3

    -, . :

    1. , 2. 3. 4. 5. , 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. , 12. 13. ,

    1.4

    , , , , , , , - .

    1. . (Ph.D), - 2. . (Ph.D), - 3. ., -4. . (Sc.D)5. . (Mcs)6. . (PhD)7. .8. . (Ph.D)9. . (Ph.D)10. . (Ph.D)11. . (Ph.D)12. . (Ph.D)13. . (Ph.D)14. . (Mcs)15. M. (Ph.D)16. , . (Mcs)17. GIS, .C- (Mcs)18. .

  • 8 , , ,

    - SRTM ( )- . 818 . , . , 405.5 . .

    95.8 , 3.94 , 0.25 .(1.3 ).

    1.5

    1489 570 , - 818 -, - . 298, 445 . 2009 570 . (.- , ).

    , , , , , . , , , , , , .

    1.2 .

  • 9 , ,

    ,

    1.3 .

    , , 11 51.1 .

    1.1 .

    .

    ..

    3332.8 69.2 2.1

    3332.8 69.2 2.1

    10889.9 6069.4 55.7

    7024.4 6777.2 96.5

    2874 217.1 7.5

    5435.8 5351.7 98.5

    - 3018.8 2848.4 94.4

    4678.1 240.6 5.1

    2110.4 257.0 12.2

    4783.2 4637.7 96.2

    5449.7 654.3 12.0

    46264.3 27053,4

    - 5641.8 1112.7 19.7

    5641.8 1112.7 19.7

    55238.9 28235,3 51.1

  • 10

    , , ,

    2. ,

    2.1

    . . , .

    2- [7]1. . . . , , . .

    . , . , , 1750 . 280 ppmv 2005 379 ppmv [5]2.

    2.1 . NCEP/NCAR[10]-3 . 1948-2009 0.72- 1980- 2.1 . 1948-2009 10 0.12- 1980-2009 0.24- 30- .

    1 . , 20102 : 20103 http://datd.cdc.noaa.gov/cdc

    2.1 . ( , 5 , )

  • 11

    , ,

    ,

    70 2.140- . (3.610), (1.4-1.50) . 10 9 1990 . 64 58- 1991 [5 .41-42].4

    a 3 .

    2.2 , ,

    . , , , . [6]5. , , , , , -, - 28235 2 .

    8, 9 2, 3 [3]6. 5.5 - , . [2]7. .

    1953 12 . 3 , 6 (2.2 ).

    4 : 20105 . , 20086 . , 19947 . , . , . , 2007

    2.2 . ,

  • 12

    , , ,

    HadCM3 1980-1999 , 2, 3, 4 .

    1961-1990 -0.6...-1.5 -4- . 1961-1990 320-400 450 - . 60-65% 14 45-50 %, 30%- 63-86. 2-3 /, 10 /- 20-30 [1]8.

    8 - , ,1988

    2.3 .

    2.4 .

  • 13

    , ,

    ,

    , , 2.5 . 5 0- , 0- 90- 4-9 .

    2007 7 29- 38.0 -45.2, 1990 8 7- 97.4 .

    2.3

    . 100 . 7 2 1000 , 1500 19 1880- [7]9. . , , . , , .

    . 2.6 . 1981-2009 (1981-2009 -0.423oC) 1961-1990 (1961-1990 -1.108oC) . [8]10. 1971-2000 1961-1990, 1981-2009 . , 1961-1990, 1981-2009 .

    9 . , 201010 . , . , 1989

    2.5 .

  • 14

    , , ,

    1954-2009 1961-1990 3.7 .

    1954-2009 2.09 1.98, 0.92- . 2007 1.8 2.8- . 1980- . . 4 (, , ) 1954-2009, 1980-2009 2.1 .

    2.1 .

    1954-2009 1954-1980 1980-2009

    0.017 0.053 -0.069

    0.058 0.055 0.058

    0.035 0.017 0.088

    0.035 0.036 0.037

    0.037 0.039 0.032

    2.1 1954-2009 0.2-0.6- . 1954-1980 10 0.5- 1980 0.6/10- 0.2/10- 1980- 0.6/10 . , .

    2.6 .

  • 15

    , ,

    ,

    1961-1990 2.8 . 1954-2000 12 37.8 , 16 38.2 , 18 5.3 - 10 4.9 , 20 1 - . 2007 176.2 - 44.7 45 .

    2.7 .

    2.8 .

  • 16

    , , ,

    11 [9]11 - 1961-2009 2.2- .2.2 .

    1961-2009

    Fd-5 ( Tn 260C )

    +22+23

    Gsl ( 6 Tmean>50C )

    +16+19

    Tn10p (Tn90 ) +3+4

    Wsdi ( Tx>90 6 )

    +8+13

    Csdi ( Tn95th )

    -22-10

    prcptot ( ) -37-3

    2.2 22-23 , 16-17 , . 90 3-4 , 16-19 3-37 -, 95 10-20 - .

    2.4

    (AR4, IPCC) IV (GCMs) .

    A2, A1B, B1 3 , . 3 840, 720, 550 ppm .

    - 1980-1999 20 2011-2030 ( ), 2046-2065 ( ), 2080-2099 ( ) .

    47.7-50.40, 108.6-113.70- , . 3 (A2, A1B, B2) , 2.3 .

    11 http://cccma.seos.uvic.ca/ETCCDMI/software.shtml

  • 17

    , ,

    ,

    2.3 . HadCM3

    , 0C ,

    2011-2030 2046-2065 2080-2099 2011-2030 2046-2065 2080-2099

    A2 0.8 2.5 4.5 -4.4 58.3 73.2

    A1B 1.0 2.7 4.2 -19.8 34.3 80.1

    B1 0.8 1.8 2.9 17.2 8.6 67.0

    A2 1.9 2.6 3.3 7.8 10.2 12.1

    A1B 2.2 2.7 3.1 5.1 7.3 8.2

    B1 1.6 2.0 2.8 3.9 4.5 7.8

    A2 3.3 4.5 6.1 13.8 30.5 24.0

    A1B 3.4 4.5 5.6 5.8 22.1 25.3

    B1 2.4 3.0 3.4 3.3 3.0 31.9

    (2.9 ) 2011-2030 2.4-3.30C, 2046-2065 3.0-4.50C, 2080-2099 3.4-6.10C . 1.6-2.20C, 2.0-2.70C, 2.8-3.30C . . , . 2011-2030 3.3-13.8, 2046-2065 3.0-30.5, 2080-2099 24.0-31.9 , 3.9-7.8, 4.5-10.2, 7.8.3-12.1 . , , . 3 . , 9 , 10 . -4...-10C 0-30C (5.9 , ). 300-375 400-450 (2.10 , ).

    ) )

  • 18

    , , ,

    ) )

    ) )

    ) )

    2.9 . :

    ) ) 2011-2030 ) 2046-2065 ) 2080-2099

    2.10 .

    ) ) 2011-2030 ) 2046-2065 ) 2080-2099

  • 19

    , ,

    ,

    2011-2100 2.11 . 2100 , .

    2.5 1. 1954-2009 2.09

    1.98, 0.92- . 3 .

    2. 1954-1980 10 0.5- 1980 0.6/10- 0.2/10- 1980- 0.6/10 . , .

    3. 1954-2000 12 , 16 , 18 10 , 20 .

    4. 22-23 , 16-17 . 90 3-4 , 16-19 3-37 -, 95 10-20 - .

    5. , , . , . .

    2.11 . , 0

  • 20

    , , ,

    3. , , ,

    3.1 xo xa Oo xa aaa ooo (48050; 108046)

    x aax aa 94040 , 1104 , 29070 aa, 575 x oo a oo. Oo o x O- aa Aa, a, X, o aa. , , , . . 0.15-0.2 /2 . . o xaa, xaaaa ooo.

    100-150 , . , . 1-2 200-300 3-4 1-4 . 0.5-1.0 2 , 80-160 , 10-25 , 0.5-3.0 .

    . 1.5-2.0 / 1.0 / . , , , , .

    , . 32.9, 56.43 / . 2007 166 , 47 .

    3.1 .

  • 21

    , ,

    ,

    3.1.1 aa- a e . a e o aaa

    4 a x 10 xoo, aa xx 2500 - xaaa aa 5 aa a x 10 xoo aaaa. X , aa x aa o 30-50 xoo x aa xx a ex xaaa x xaaaa aa.

    3.1.2 1974-1975 1982-1983 , 1984-1995. 1997

    , 1990- (3.3 ).

    3.2 .

    3.3 . ,

    3.1.3 o 32.9, 56.44 3 / x.

    1.5-12.6 3 / .

    3.1 .

    x ooo e xx o 6 aa a 10 xoo xx X a xo xa o aa 6 aa a 10 . o xaa , -a e oo xaaa aaaa. a e xaa- a e oa aa, xa a a x ooo e o 10 aa a, aaa a 6 aa a, aaa 4, 5 aa a oo. X a aaa aaa x aa Oo x xa aa a e 5 6 aa a .

    , 25-30 , 10-14 , 50-60 .

    . , , 2

    3/ 3

    1 - 8810.0 32.9 105.0 1.015922 - 25060.0 56.44 69.8 1.742833 - 1520.0 1.50 30.8 0.04625

  • 22

    , , ,

    4 - 987.0 2.76 47.4 0.046255 - 1871.0 5.16 86.2 0.159476 - 3698.0 12.63 106.6 0.39001

    - - . , .

    .

    3.4 .

    3.5 . , / 2

  • 23

    , ,

    ,

    3.6 . 1 , / 2

    3.1.4

    7-8 . - 88.6 3/c (10.0 / 2), - 98.6 3/c . - 255 3/c (28.9 / 2 ), - 12.2, -- 9.96 3/c .

    - 1990 524 3/c 904 3/c . 45-70 3/c .

    100 730-850 3/c 1360-2220 3/c .

  • 24

    , , ,

    3.7 . 1 , / 2

    3.1.5 160-170 , 190-200

    . - 0.14 3/c .

    3.1.6

    81.4-97.7 , (IV-X) (IV-VI) 9.5-14.8 . . 2.3-3.3 . . , .

    3.2 . , , / /

    - IV V VI VII VII IX X XI XII I II III

    -

    2.50 7.00 14.0 23.3 27.5 15.1 7.30 2.20 0.73 0.08 0.04 0.25

    3.80 7.60 12.9 26.2 22.4 16.5 7.65 1.85 0.64 0.15 0.08 0.23

    3.60 8.10 16.1 27.4 22.4 11.4 8.11 1.40 0.25 0.10 0.09 0.65

    - 5.52 9.34 14.1 18.5 21.0 18.5 10.3 1.96 0.13 0.00 0.01 0.29

    - 3.77 5.85 9.20 23.1 22.3 23.1 10.4 2.02 0.21 0.04 0.00 0.06

  • 25

    , ,

    ,

    3.2 , ,

    , , , , . , ( ) .

    1942 , , 5 6 (3.3 ). () 1971-1991 . 3.3 .

    . ,

    ,

    , 2

    1 - 691 8810.0 1966

    2 - 135 25060.0 1971

    3 - 92 1520.0 1983

    4 - 12 987.0 1983

    5 - 12 1871.0 1984

    6 - 3698.0 2004

    7 -1989-1993

    2004

    8 2003

    5800 2 . 1000 2, , 1875 2

    . , 20000 2 , . 20-25 , . , , , . , .

    . : , , , . - . , - - . . , , , - , . , , , , , , , , , . , - .

  • 26

    , , ,

    , , 2 () - .

    , -, -, -, - , ( , , , ) .

    , , . , . , , , , , , , - , , . , (Asian Foundation) .

    .

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    6 -, --, -, --, -, -, - , -- 8 14-16 . , , . , -,-, - , ( ) . , , , , , , .

    3.3 , 20 ,

    (3.4 ). , - 195 40-50 . , , , , 2-3 . ., - .

  • 27

    , ,

    ,

    3.4 .

    No

    Q, 3/

    F,2

    ,

    V,/

    , V

    B,

    ,h,

    ,H

    1- (=135 , h=1214 )

    4800443.7 10904934.7

    2.79 2.59 0.29 0.46 11.2 0.23 0.44

    2(= 1234 )

    480 11 36.1 109 44 00

    0.68 5.5

    3 (= 1277 )

    48 28 33.8 109 40 28

    4.59 6.16 0.74 20 0.31

    4 - (= 1282 )

    49 29 53109 39 40

    7.70 6.18 1.24 18.9

    5 () (= 1257 )

    48 31 29 109 43 41.9

    4.93 3.14 1.57 7.80

    6(= 1166 )

    48 34 43.6 110 02 00.3

    14.1 30 0.50

    7 (= 1116 )

    48 39 58.9 110 08 13.1

    3.70 3.77 0.98 9.46

    8-(= 241 , h=...)

    48 41 14.1, 110 11 04.1

    16.8 19.3 0.87 1.10 22.3 0.88 1.21

    9- (=401 , h=1103 )

    48 38 37.1 110 14 45.3

    21.4 33.6 0.64 0.98 28.6 1.17 1.80

    10-(h= 1104 )

    48 53 52.5 110 06 14.3

    76.7

    11 (h= 1231 )

    48 50 53.9 110 15 48.4

    0.099 0.58 0.18

    12 ()(h= 1143 )

    48 50 1.1 110 11 58

    0.11 0.225 0.46

    13(h= 1131 )

    48 52 43.9 110 05 57.3

    0.84 1.02 0.695.50

    14 (-)(h= 1040 )

    48 34 15.6 110 48 58.4

    0.063 0.25 0.23

    15-(=195 , h= .... )

    48 37 44.9, 110 36 41.0

    (1039 )113.8 113.8 0.90 1.76 118.0 0.99 1.85

    16 (h=1032 )

    48 34 54.4 110 40 11.9

    1.86 3.62 0.45 0.73 16.0 0.49

    17 (h= 1010 )

    48 32 57.8 111 18 41.6

    0.21 1.11 0.18 0.40 6.6 0.17 0.25

    18 (-)(h= 1010 )

    48 34 15.6, 110 48 58.4

    0.07 0.28 0.24 0.28 3.0 0.09 0.15

    19-(H= ... , h=952 )

    49 08 32.3 111 33 26.2

    49.93 58.69 0.85 1.22 72.5 0.81 1.51

    20-h=904

    49 14 09.6 111 51 52.8

    11.1 14.6 0.75 0.94 33.3 0.44 0.65

    21- h=865

    49 25 26.4 12 11 26.4

    22-h=957

    49 01 55.3 111 39 15.6

    = 3-(-16) 4-(-3)

    23 - (958 )

    49 02 46.2, 111 36 51.8

    24-(F=5100 km2 )

    49 34112 01

    Q-=25.8

    25-(F=45000 km2 )

    49 33112 35

    Q=149.1

    -, - , 16.8 21.4 3/ 3-4 .

  • 28

    , , ,

    3.8 . - (.480 38` 37.1`` 1100 14` 45.3``) - (.48 41` 14.1``, 110 11` 04.1``)

    3.9 . - (.480 04` 43.7`` 1090 49` 34.7``) (.480 34` 54.4`` 1100 40` 11.9``)

    3.10 . - (. 490 08` 32.3`` 1110 33` 26.2``) -

    (. 48 37` 44.9``, 110 36` 41.0``)

    =

    16

  • 29

    , ,

    ,

    3.11 . (. 490 14``09.6`` 1110 51` 52.8``) (. 490 25` 26.4`` 1120 11` 26.4``)

    =33

    .3

    3.12 . - (490 01` 55.3`` 1110 39` 15.6``)

    3.13 . - (. 49029` 53`` 1090 39`,40``) - (. 480 11` 36.1`` 1090 44` 00``)

  • 30

    , , ,

    3.15 . () (. 480 34` 43.6 `` 110002` 00.3``) (. 480 39` 58.9`` 110008` 13.1``)

    3.14 . () (. , 48050` 53.9`` 1100 15` 48.4``) (. 48050` 1.1`` 1100 11` 58``)

    . , 32.9 56.4 - - 149.1 3/ .

    2009 6 15.7 3/ (H=128 ) 20.9 - 24.6 . 34.5 - 94.5 3/ .

  • 31

    , ,

    ,

    3.4 , , ,

    . , , . , , , , . . , , ( , ). .

    , , . , , , . , .

    ET=P-Q,

    : ET- ,

    P- ,

    Q- ,

    -, - . - , .

    3.5 .

    - Q, P, ET, R

    - 94.0 320.0 226.0 0.30

    - 58.7 320.0 261.0 0.18

    : 8 , , , 3.6 . , 3.12 3 ( ) .

    3.16 .

  • 32

    , , ,

    3.6 .

    / ,

    2 , 3/

    3/ 3

    1 1144.8 2.88 0.08893

    2 272 0.18 0.00556

    3 313.5 0.31 0.00957

    4 275 0.19 0.00587

    5 293.4 0.25 0.00772

    6 179 0.16 0.00494

    7 - 1520 1.50 0.04632

    8 5861 12.00 0.37055

    9 - 987 2.76 0.08523

    10 - 1871 5.16 0.15934

    11 2004 5.59 0.17261

    12 - 5678 25.40 0.78433

    13 49.7 0.09 0.00278

    14 139.3 0.12 0.00371

    15 - 8810 32.90 1.01592

    16 -- 17792 48.50 1.49763

    17 525 0.85 0.02625

    18 3580 7.80 0.24086

    19 - 25060 56.40 1.74158

    20 - 3698 12.60 0.38908

    21 2226 6.23 0.19238

    22 - 6000 25.80 0.79668

    23 - 29070 101.03 3.11971

    , : - . , , , , , .

    , , , . , .

    3.7 . ,

    -

    ,

    - 23.39 8.94 67.66 100

    3 0.729 0.097 0.665 1.490

    - 31.21 8.09 60.59 100

    3 0.697 0.163 1.192 2.052

    . . 15.5-31.1 , 6.5-12.7 56.5-71.8 .

  • 33

    , ,

    ,

    . . 8-20 8-10 10-15 15-20 ( 13.0 ).

    3.8 .

    . , 3 , 3

    1 0.08893 0.01156

    2 0.00556 0.00072

    3 0.00957 0.00124

    4 0.00587 0.00076

    5 0.00772 0.00100

    6 0.00494 0.00064

    7 - 0.04632 0.00602

    8 0.37055 0.04817

    9 - 0.08523 0.01108

    10 - 0.15934 0.02071

    11 0.17261 0.02244

    12 - 0.78433 0.10196

    13 0.00278 0.00036

    14 0.00371 0.00048

    15 - 1.01592 0.13207

    16 -- 1.49763 0.19469

    17 0.02625 0.00341

    18 0.24086 0.03131

    19 - 1.74158 0.22640

    20 - 0.38908 0.05058

    21 0.19238 0.02501

    22 - 0.79668 0.10357

    23 - 3.11971 0.40556

    , 0.40 3- .

    5 - 95 .

    3.17 .

  • 34

    , , ,

    3.18 . ( )

    3.9 . 95

    . , 2 , 3/

    3/ 3

    1 - 8810.00 13.77 0.42520

    2 - 25060.00 25.15 0.77661

    3 - 1520.00 0.14 0.00432

    4 - 987.00 0.72 0.00432

    5 - 1871.00 1.02 0.03150

    6 - 3698.00 3.07 0.09466

    - , 95 .

    3.5

    , , . , , , . , . .

    x ooo e xx o 6 aa a 10 xoo xx X a xo xa o aa 6 aa a . o xaa , -a e oo xaaa aaaa. a e xaa- a e oa aa, xa a a x ooo e o 10 aa a, aaa a 6 aa a, aaa 4, 5 aa a oo. 160-170 , 190-200 . , 25-30 , 10-14 , 50-60 .

  • 35

    , ,

    ,

    19 . , .

    .

    3.6 , ,

    ( 14-16 )

    . , , , , - , .

    . . .

    . , , , .

    3.7 , , -

    , - , . , . , , , , - , , - , - , . :

    : . - ( ) . , , , , , . , . , , , , . , , , , .

    3.19 .

  • 36

    , , ,

    . , , ( , ). , , , .

    : .

    () , , , , , .

    : , , . - .

    .

    - : , , - . , , , , , . , , .

    , , , , - , . - (, ). , , .

    - : , , , , , , , , . , , , , . , , , . - . , , , .

    , . , , , , .

    - : - , , . - , ( , , , ), ( , ), (, , ), ( -, -, , ) . ,

  • 37

    , ,

    ,

    , - , . , , , .

    , , , , , , , , . , . , , .

    : , , , , , , . , . , .

    : . , , , , , , . .

    - , , , , , , , . . , , , , . , , , .

    , , , , . , , .

    , , . , , , . , , , , . , , . . , , , , , . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

  • 38

    , , ,

    , , , , , . , 1990- 10-12 . . , . 1.50 - , 2-3 .

    , . , , , , , . , . , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , .

    . , , , , . , , , . . , , . .

    3.20 . , ,

  • 39

    , ,

    ,

    . , , . .

    .

    , , , - . . , . , , . , , , , , , , , , . , . , , . , , , , .

    3.8 X xo xa Oo xa aaa ooo x aax

    aa 94040 , 808 , 29070 aa, 575 x oo a oo. 166 , 47 (2007 ).

    32.9, 56.43 ( . 1.5-12.6 3) . 255-904 3/c 45-70 3/c .

    15.5-31.1 , 6.5-12.7 56.5-71.8 . 81.4-97.7 (IV-X) (IV-VI ) 9.5-14.8 .

    320.0 58-94 226-260 , , . , 18-30 .

    3.12 3 ( ) 8-20 13.0 . , 0.40 3 .

    1966 , , 5 , 6 .

    5800 2 3-4 . 20-25 , .

    6 -, --, -, --, -, -, - , -- 8 14-16 , ,

  • 40

    , , ,

    .

    , , , .

    , , , , - , , - , - , .

    , , , , , , (1990- 10-12 . , . 1.50 ).

    , .

    (closed system) .

    , , .

    , , , , , , , , , . , , . , , , .

    , , , .

  • 41

    , ,

    ,

    4.1 , , - .

    , . .. . ; , , ; - , , .

    (2274 ), (1781 ), (2452 ), (2111 ), (2036 ), (1720 ), (1682 ), , (1631 ), , (1517 ), , . , , . , , , . ; , ; , , , , , . , , , 850-1200 .

    4.2 [3]

    (), , , , , , , , , , , -, - , -- , .

    . . 20 , 10 , , , 90 [3] . , . .

    4.3 ,

    , . , , , , , , . , . 00 2.5-5.0 . , 0-30 , 0- -40 . , 2.2-5.0 - , 5.0 , , 2.5-4.5

    4.

    [3]. (2002). ( 1:1 000 000). ,

  • 42

    , , ,

    - . , , , , .

    4.4 1990 [1]

    , 1:1,000,000 [4] , , . , 300-400 . 3-7 , 50- . 400- 500 , 10-20 % 500 10-20 ( 4.1- ).

    , . , . [4]. . 50 . /4.1- /

    [1]. (1990). . . . 56, 64. .

    [2]. (2009). . 104, 82. .

    [4]. (1981). . . : -45, -46, L-46. .

    4.1 .

  • 43

    , ,

    ,

    4.1 .

    , /

    , /

    500, 400-500 300-400

    5-10 - - 1-3 2

    10-20 - 3-7 - 5

    20-50 - 5-13 - 9

    50-100 10-20 - - 15

    >100 - >50 >50 50

    4.5 ,

    , 2 , 1 . :

    1. , , , , , , , ,

    2. , ,

    3. , , , , . 3 , , - , -, , , , , . 2- .

    4.6 , (

    ) , , , , 5 , . :

    1. (3-30 /*2 16.5 /*2 =520.3 3/), (1-3 /*2, 2 /*2 =63.1 3/) , , . , 16 22 , 2 13 / , - 16 4.0 /, 1.0 6.6 / .

    2. -, (1-3 /*2 , 2 /*2

    =63.1 3/), (0.1-1 /*2, 0.55 /*2 =17.3 3/) , , ( 21, 31, 65, 72, 74, 96 ), 1 2 , , .

    3. , (0.1-1 /*2, 0.55 /*2 =17.3 3/) .

    4. , (1-3 /*2 , 2 /*2 =63.1 3/), (0.1-1 /*2, 0.55 /*2 =17.3 3/), (0.03-0.1 /*2, 0.065 /*2 =2050 3/) ,

  • 44

    , , ,

    2.0 /, 4 . , 390.4 .

    5. - , (0.1-1 /*2, 0.55 /*2 =17.3 3/), (0.03-0.1 /*2, 0.065 /*2 =2050 3/), (0.03/*2 946.1 3/) - , .

    6. (0.1-1 /*2, 0.55 /*2 =17.3 3/), (0.03-0.1 /*2, 0.065 /*2 =2050 3/), (0.03/*2 946.1 3/) , .

    7. (0.1-1 /*2, 0.55 /*2 =17.3 3/), (0.03-0.1 /*2, 0.065 /*2 =2050 3/), (0.03/*2 946.1 3/) .

    8. (0.03-0.1 /*2, 0.065 /*2 =2050 3/), (0.03/*2 946.1 3/) .

    9. (1-3 /*2 , 2 /*2 =63.1 3/), (0.1-1 /*2, 0.55 /*2 =17.3 3/), (0.03-0.1 /*2, 0.065 /*2 =2050 3/), (0.03/*2 946.1 3/) .

    1 2 1) 16.5 /- , 2) 1-3 / , 3) 0.1- 1.0 /- , 4 ) 0.03-0.1 / ,5) 0.03/- 551.17 (4.2 ).

    4.2 .

    , //2

    2 106 3/

    3-30 54.9 0.2 28.56 5.2 1-3 5435.1 18.1 378.58 68.7 0.1-1.0 7757.8 25.8 134.22 24.3 0.03- 0.1 6306.8 21.0 9.8 1.8

  • 45

    , ,

    ,

    4.2 . ,

    4.3 . ( )

  • 46

    , , ,

    1. , ,

    2.

    3. :

    4. : - , :

    : - , - a

    H

    , ,

    (3 ` 2) ,

    (94.6-946)

    `103

    3-30n/c

    (3.1-94.6)

    `103

    1-3n/c

    (3.1-31.5) `103

    0.1-1.0

    946-31500.03-0.1

  • 47

    , ,

    ,

    4.3 .

    , ( / .2) ,

    3-30 1-3 0.1-1.0 0.03- 0.1

  • 48

    , , ,

    , , , .

    1500-2200 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . - , , 1300-1500 , , , , , , , , , , .

    5.1 ,

    , , , , , .

    3 . :1. 2. 3. ,

    5.2 , , ,

    2010 05 26- 06 09- . 36 , 6 , 3 , 25 . /5.3- / , (pH), , (, , ), , , , .

    5.

    5.1 . 5.2 .

  • 49

    , ,

    ,

    , , - , MNS 900:2005 , MNS 4586-98 , - .

    5.3 5.3.1 ,

    - . ( ) , , 2000 . . 1500-2000 . . - . , . . 2852 , , . , 2037

    5.3 .

  • 50

    , , ,

    , , 1867 . , , , , , , .

    1969-1970 , , , . , . 100-150 , , , . 80-160 , 10-25 , 0.5-3.0 [4]. 7-9 . . , , , 7-8 [4] . 1969 07 15- 133.2 /, 1.0 -/, 6.4, , , HCO

    3->Cl->SO4

    2-; Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+ .

    - 1989 , , , - , , , . ( 0.29-4.10 -/) . 0.52-2.04 / . , 0.10-0.22 /, 0.040 /- [2] .

    ., . 1999 : 5.1 .

    (/)

    (-

    /)

    (/) (/)

    , /

    CO32-/

    HCO3- Cl

    - SO42- Ca2+ Na+++ Mg2+ 5 2 NH4 NO3 PO4

    117.0 1.0 -/68.0 6.9 15.5 13.2 15.9 4.4 7.3 1.5 7.7 0.36 0.28 0.01

    , , , , , 1- . .

    2006 - . , , 1- , Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, HCO

    3->Cl-

    >SO42- ( 0.70 -/), ( 79.5 /),

    77 S/m, TDS 36 ppm, (pH 7.56) , () 4.32 /, NH4 0.2 / . - , , . :5.2 . , 2006

    /

    -/

    3--/

    3-

    Cl- SO4-- Na++K+ Ca++ Mg++ NH4

    + -

    ,

    7.56 79.5 0.70 0.0 /57.0

    3.6 1.2 7.2 10.0 2.4 0.2 4.32 I

    ,

    7.98 87.1 0.85 0.0 /61.0

    3.6 1.2 6.2 12.0 3.1 0.1 3.36 I

  • 51

    , ,

    ,

    2007-2009 , . ( 48045494; 110011911 ), - ( 48041689; 111015440 )- , [3].

    5.3 . , 2007-2009

    (48045494; 110011911) - (48041689; 111015440)

    2007.07.31 2008.05.28 2009.06.10 2007.07.28 2008.05.26 2009.06.08

    8.09 6.82 8.82 8

    0 17.9 15.1 26.9 13.1 16.8

    DO (/) 8.05 8.05 8.56

    DO ()% 103.2 95.2 108.9

    (S/m) 29.5 43.2 60.2 55.3 71.4

    Cl- (/) 2.3 3.7 6.3 3.2 7.3 1.8

    SO42- (/) 3 4 2 3 3

    (/) 32 54 39 41

    (/) 27 58 34 44 111 75

    Br (/) 0.38 0.09 0.04 0.27 0.06 0.01

    I (/) 0.6 0.13 0.07 0.28 0.1 0.02

    Ca2+ (/) 28 70 23 34 31 31

    (-/)

    3.54 3.75 2.46 2.85 3.20 3.85

    Mg2+ (/) 26 3 16 14 20 28

    SiO2 (/) 11.2 11.9 7 10.9 5.6 17.6

    NH4+ (/) 0 0.1 0.1 0.11 0.09

    NO3- (/) 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.1

    NO2- (/) 0.007 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.004

    Mn2+ (/) 3.7 0.6 0.1 1.7 0.2 0.6

    29-71 S/m 2.46-3.85 -/ . , . . 2007 07 MNS 4586-98 (Mn 0.1/)- .

    2010 5 , .

    5.4 . , 2010 05-06

    ,

    0 . 0 S/cm

    TDS ppm

    ,

    ,

    H:1138m, N: 4805352.2E: 11000615.5

    7.61 25.1 9.4 28.4 14.7 -,

  • 52

    , , ,

    ,

    H:1134m, N:48037/47.7//

    E: 110036/40.9//

    7.48 27.1 13.0 50.3 26.0 -,

    ,

    -

    H:1055m, N:48034/16.8//

    E: 111003/21.5//

    7.39 27.6 17.3 144.6 76.8 -,

    ,

    H:867m, N:48050/23.3//

    E: 111038/40.8//

    7.25 116.0 67.0 -,

    ,

    H:832m, N:49028/35.4//

    E: 112030/24.9//

    6.89 77.0 48.0 -,

    // .

    5.5 . , 2010.06

    ,

    -(/)

    -(-

    /)

    -

    (/) (/) , /

    CO3

    2-/ HCO

    3- Cl- SO4

    2- Na+++ 2+ Mg2+ NH4+ O2 F

    - Mn2+

    59.9 0.50

    I 0 /36.6 3.6 4.0 6.4 8.0 1.2 15.04 0.1 8.5 0.2 0.1

    60.6 0.50

    I 0 /36.6 3.6 4.5 6.8 8.0 1.2 13.92 0.0 8.7 - 0.1

    -

    163.4 1.40 I 0 /109.8 3.6 5.7 14.0 22.0 3.6 11.36 0.1 8.2 - 0.2

    82.3 0.75

    I 0 /48.8 5.3 6.6 8.8 12.0 1.8 14.72 0.1 - 0.1

    - 71.0 0.65

    I 0 /42.7 3.6 6.0 6.4 10.0 1.8 7.84 0.1 0.3 0.0

    ( 6.89-7.61), , , 1- , HCO

    3->Cl->SO4

    2- / HCO3->SO4

    2-

    >Cl-/, Ca2+> Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 59.9-82.3 /, 163.4 /), ( 0.50-0.75, 1.40 -/), , . - , , . , , . 0.2 /- .

    5.4 . 5.5 . 5.6 .

  • 53

    , ,

    ,

    5.6 . / /

    (/

    )

    ,

    -

    /

    (/) (/)

    , /

    CO

    32- /

    HCO

    3-

    Cl-

    SO42-

    Ca2

    +

    Na+

    +

    +

    Mg2

    +

    2

    NH

    4

    NO

    3

    PO4

    1969* 133.2 1.00 6.4

    1999** 117.0 1.00 -/68.0 6.9 15.5 13.2 15.9 4.4 7.3 7.7 0.36 0.28 0.01

    2006*** 79.5 0.70 -/57.0 3.6 1.2 10.0 7.2 2.4 7.6 4.32

    2007****:

    29.53.54 2.3 3.0 28.0 26.0 8.1 0.0 0.8

    2008**** : 3.75 3.7 4.0 70.0 3.0 0.1 1.1

    2009****:

    43.22.46 6.3 2.0 23.0 16.0 6.8 8.0 0.1 1.1

    2010*** 59.9 0.50 -/36.6 3.6 4.0 8.0 6.4 1.2 7.6 15.4 8.5 0.1 0.0 0.0

    : *, ** , *** ,

    ****

    , , , .

    2003 05 .

    5.7 . , / /2003 /

    /

    -/

    3--/

    3- Cl

    - SO4-- Na++K+ Ca++ Mg++ NH4

    + -

    ,

    7.0 258.5 2.65 0.0 /146.4

    3.5 40.3 15.6 48.1 3.0 0.6 14.4II

    ,

    7.0 262.4 3.00 0.0 /161.6

    3.5 31.3 9.2 48.1 7.3 0.4 13.84II

    , , 2- , Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, HCO

    3>SO4

    2->Cl- . ( 2.65 -/), ( 258.5 /), (pH 7.0) , 14.4 / (NH4) 0.6 / . , , 2- , Ca2+>Mg2+>Na++K+, HCO

    3>SO4

    2->Cl- . ( 3.0 -/), ( 262.4 /), (pH 7.0) , () 13.84 / (NH4) 0.4 / . . .

    2006 , , 2- , Ca2+>Mg2+>Na++K+, HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl-, (

  • 54

    , , ,

    4.05 -/), ( 356.1 /), 489 S/m, TDS 357ppm, (pH 7.3) , () 4.96 /, . 8.4 , .

    5.8 . , / /2006 /

    /

    -/

    3--/

    3-

    Cl- SO4-- Na++K+ Ca++ Mg++ NH4

    + -

    ,

    7.3 356.1 4.05 0.0 /225,7

    3.6 38.0 12.5 69.1 7.3 0.0 4.96 II

    8.4 279.5 3.30 15.0 /170.8

    3.6 17.0 10.7 54.1 7.3 0.1 3.0 II

    ,

    , 12 . 49.6 . 4.8 , 6.3 - , 7.8 - , 11.2 - , , [5]. , 40 /, 206 /, 26 / [5].

    1999 , 2001 - - , 2004 . 2000-2003 , . 2001 2004 [10].

    5.9 .

    40-275 965.956 .3 , 455.707 .3 , 266.867 1000 3 , - -50 2 . 80 , 20 . . , , 5 . , .

  • 55

    , ,

    ,

    5.9 . , 2010 05-06

    ,

    0 . 0 S/cm

    TDS ppm

    ,

    H:1230m, N: 4805053.9E: 11001547.6

    7.93 25.2 4.6 248.0 132.4 ,

    ,

    ,-

    H:1235m, N:48051/03.5//

    E: 110015/21.9//

    7.78 25.2 14.2 208.0 110.5 ,

    ,

    H:1142m, N: 4805000.8E: 11001158.7

    7.80 31.5 16.4 204.0 108.8 ,

    5.10 . , 2010.06

    -

    (/)

    -(-

    /)

    -

    (/) (/) ,

    /

    CO32-/

    HCO3- Cl

    - SO42- Na+++ 2+ Mg2+ NH4 NO2 NO3

    ,

    241.5 2.90 II 0 /146.4

    5.3 30.0 6.4 46.1 7.3 14.08 0.0 0.1 0.0

    ,

    215.6 2.50 I 0 /152.5

    5.3 5.0 5.7 42.1 4.9 14.08 0.1 0.0 0.0

    ,

    232.8 2.90 II 0 /146.4

    5.3 24.2 3.5 46.1 7.3 13.76 0.0 0.0 0.0

    ( 7.80-7.93), , , 2- , HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl-, Ca2+>Mg2+>Na++K+, ( 232.8-241.5 /), ( 2.90 -/) 190 / . . , ( 7.78), , , 1- , HCO

    3->Cl->SO4

    2-, Ca2+>Mg2+>Na++K+, ( 215.6 /), ( 2.50 -/), , .

    5.11 .

    (/

    )

    ,

    -

    /

    (/) (/)

    , /

    CO

    32- /

    HCO

    3-

    Cl-

    SO42-

    Na+

    +

    +

    Ca2

    +

    Mg2

    +

    NH

    4

    NO

    2

    NO

    3

    2003** 258.5 2.65 -/146.4 3.5 40.3 15.6 48.1 3.0 7.0 CCaII 14.4 0.6

    2010** 241.5 2.90 -/146.4 5.3 30.0 6.4 46.1 7.3 7.9 CCaII 14.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

    2003** 262.4 3.00 -/161.6 3.5 31.3 9.2 48.1 7.3 7.0 CCaII 13.8 0.4

    2010** 232.8 2.90 -/146.4 5.3 24.2 3.5 46.1 7.3 7.9 CCaII 13.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

    : **

  • 56

    , , ,

    , 7 . 2010 .

    . 4805422.0, 11000835.1 , 1131 , , . ( 7.05), , HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl-, Ca2+> Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 139.4 /), ( 1.20 -/), , 0.2 /, 13.76 / .

    . 90 , 970 [4].

    48042128; 110002897 / 1140 /, 48040835; 110008668 / 1114 /- , [3].

    5.12 . , , 2007-2009

    , (48042128) 110002897)

    , (48040835) 110008668)

    2007.07.31 2007.07.31 2008.05.29 2009.06.10

    8.29 8.43 7.59

    0 18.5 18.3 8.2 18.4

    DO (/) 9.91 7.91

    DO ()% 108.6 109.9

    (S/m) 50.7 58.2 51.0 81.9

    Cl- (/) 2.8 4.6 8.9 7.7

    SO42- (/) 4.0 4.0 7.0 6.0

    (/) 37.0 88.0 21.0

    (/) 52.0 62.0 46.0

    Br (/) 0.48 0.08 0.04

    I (/) 0.87 0.14 0.07

    Ca2+ (/) 32.0 56.0 39.0 34.0

    (-/) 1.90 3.20 2.85 3.34

    Mg2+ (/) 6.0 8.0 11.0 20.0

    SiO2 (/) 11.5 10.9 5.5 7.0

    NH4+ (/) 0.0 0.0 0.14 0.11

    NO3- (/) 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.8

    NO2- (/) 0.007 0.003 0.003 0.003

    Mn2+ (/) 0.7 0.5

    51-82 S/m, 1.90-3.34 -/ . , . (Mn 0.5-0.7/) .

    2010 , , ( 0.8 -/), ( 86 /), (pH 7.0) [4].

  • 57

    , ,

    ,

    , , . , . .

    5.13 . , 2010 05

    ,

    0 . 0 S/

    cmTDS ppm

    ,

    H:1289m, N: 4804049.6E: 11000839.3

    7.05 22.4 11.2 80.6 40.8 ,

    ,

    H:1124m, N:4804114.5E: 11001104.0

    7.26 20.8 13.7 84.0 41.0 ,

    5.14 . , 2010.06

    -

    (/)

    -(-

    /)

    -

    (/) (/) ,

    /

    CO32-/

    HCO3- Cl

    - SO42- Na+++ 2+ Mg2+ NH4 NO2 NO3

    68.2 0.65 I 0 /42.7 3.6 4.5 5.6 10.0 1.8 15.52 0.0 0.0 0.0

    -

    77.8 0.75 I 0 /48.8 3.6 4.8 6.1 11.0 2.1 15.84 0.0 0.0 1.0

    , , 1- , HCO

    3->Cl->SO4

    2-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 68.2-77.8 /), ( 0.65-0.75 -/), , 15.52-15.84 / . . , 40 . .

    5.10 . , 5.11 . ,

    5.15 . / /

    (/

    )

    ,

    -

    /

    (/) (/)

    , /

    CO

    32- /

    HCO

    3-

    Cl-

    SO42-

    Na+

    +

    +

    Ca2

    +

    Mg2

    +

    2

    NH

    4

    NO

    2

    NO

    3

    PO4

    2007** : 3.20 4.6 4.0 56.0 8.0 8.4 0.0 0.0 0.3

    5.12 . ,

  • 58

    , , ,

    2008**:

    108.62.85 8.9 7.0 39.0 11.0 9.9 0.1 0.0 0.3

    2009**:

    109.93.34 7.7 6.0 34.0 20.0 7.6 7.9 0.1 0.0 0.8

    2010* 77.8 0.75 -/48.8 3.6 4.8 6.1 11.0 2.1 7.2 15.8 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0

    : * , **

    , .

    , , . , 4801137.3, 10904401.6 , 1235 13.00 10.40, 6.93, 87.1 S/m, TDS 48.0 ppm .

    5.13 .

    , . , 100 , 1900 . (39 ), (40 ), (47 ) . , , ( 1.0 -/), ( 127.2 /), (pH 7.0) [4].

    2006 , , 1- , Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl- ( 1.30 -/), ( 149.9 /), 225 S/m, TDS 151ppm, (pH 7.74) , 3.68 /, . , , 1- , Na++K+> Ca2+>Mg2+, HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl- ( 0.80 -/), ( 134.5 /), 221 S/m, TDS 136ppm, (pH 7.60) , () 6.72 / .

    48036178; 110011937 / 1110 /- , [3].

    , 1- ,

    HCO3->SO4

    2->Cl-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 60.0 /), ( 0.55 -/), 15.52-15.84 / .

  • 59

    , ,

    ,

    5.16 . , 2007-2009

    , (48036178; 110011937)

    2007.08.01 2008.05.28 2009.06.10

    8.28 6.93

    0 15.7 8.7 14.0

    DO (/) 8.08 7.27

    DO ()% 89.2 91.8

    (S/m) 67 66.5 102.4

    Cl- (/) 3.3 3.2 2.6

    SO42- (/) 5.0 6.0

    (/) 40.0 106.0

    (/) 99.0 54.0

    Br (/) 0.18 0.02

    I (/) 0.27 0.04

    Ca2+ (/) 54.0 64.0 61.0

    (-/) 3.85 4.40 3.45

    Mg2+ (/) 14.0 15.0 5.0

    SiO2 (/) 14.2 16.3 10.4

    NH4+ (/) 0.0 0.15 0.06

    NO3- (/) 0.9 0.9 3.9

    NO2- (/) 0.003 0.016 0.003

    Mn2+ (/) 0.0 0.1

    5.17 . , 2010 05

    ,

    0 . 0 S/cm

    TDS ppm

    ,

    H:1275m, N:49028/35.3//

    E: 109040/31.9//

    7.70 16.8 5.3 97.8 52.0 ,

    ,

    ,

    H:1106m, N:48038/37.7//

    E: 110014/45.9//

    7.00 116.0 62.0 ,

    5.14 . ,

    5.15 . , 5.16 . ,

    66.5-102.4 S/m, 3.45-4.40 -/ .

    2010 , .

  • 60

    , , ,

    5.18 . , 2010.06

    -(/)

    -(-

    /)

    -

    (/) (/) , /

    CO3

    2-/ HCO

    3- Cl- SO4

    2- Na+++ 2+ Mg2+ NH4 NO2 NO3

    79.6 0.70 I 0/48.8 3.6 5.2 6.8 10.0 2.4 15.36 0.8 0.0 2.0

    ,

    87.4 0.80 I 0/51.9 5.3 7.6 8.0 12.0 2.4 14.72 0.2 0.0 0.0

    , , 1- , HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 79.6-87.4 /), ( 0.70-0.80 -/), , 14.72-15.36 / . .

    , 40 . , . 1.0 -/- .

    5.19 . ( )

    (/

    )

    ,

    -

    / (/) (/)

    , /

    CO

    32- /

    HCO

    3-

    Cl-

    SO42-

    Na+

    +

    +

    Ca2

    +

    Mg2

    +

    2

    NH

    4

    NO

    2

    NO

    3

    1960* 127.2 1.00 7.0

    2007**:

    67.03.85 3.3 5.0 54.0 14.0 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.9

    2008**:

    66.54.40 3.2 64.0 15.0 8.1 0.1 0.0 0.9

    2009**:

    102.43.45 2.6 6.0 61.0 5.0 6.9 7.3 0.1 0.0 3.9

    2010*** 87.4 0.80 -/51.9 5.3 7.6 8.0 12.0 2.4 7.2 14.7 0.2 0.0 0.0

    : *, ** , ***

    , .

    30 , 500-1000 . 6505 2009 , . 3002 , 37-118 ( 71) , 3.94 , 0.65-1.5 ( 1.07) , 1030.99 .3 ( 343.6 .3), 348.2 .3 ( 116.067 .3), 187 ( 50 ) . 80 3 , Screen NZMS80BE . . 380380 3, 70 [11]. . , 3 , ,

  • 61

    , ,

    ,

    , . ( ) 2009 2 ( ) , . .

    , , 2 4 . 5.20 . , 2010 05

    ,

    0 . 0 S/cm

    TDS ppm

    ,

    H:1258m, N:48029/54.2//

    E: 109039/40.4//

    6.87 20.5 6.7 54.8 27.0 ,

    ,

    7.99 110.0 59.0

    ,

    7.86 113.0 60.0 2009 - ,

    ,

    H:1106m, N:48038/37.7//

    E: 110014/45.9//

    6.58 12.9 14.7 55.0 28.0 ,

    5.21 . , 2010.06

    -

    (/)

    -(-

    /)

    -

    (/) (/) , /

    CO32-/

    HCO3- Cl

    - SO42- Na+++ 2+ Mg2+ NH4 NO2 NO3

    45.3 0.40 I 0/24.4 3.6 5.0 4.6 7.0 0.6 16.00 0.1 0.0 0.0

    76.8 0.70 I 0/48.8 3.6 5.0 7.0 10.0 2.4 17.12 0.0 0.0 0.0

    77.0 0.70 I 0/48.8 3.6 5.2 6.9 10.0 2.4 16.00 0.1 0.0 0.0

    49.3 0.45 I 0/27.5 3.6 5.0 4.7 8.0 0.6 16.00 0.0 0.0 0.0

    5.17 . 5.18 . 5.19 .

    , , 1- , HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 45.3-49.3 /), ( 0.40-0.45 -/), , 16.0 / . , , 1297-1437 /.

  • 62

    , , ,

    5.20 . ,

    5.21 .

    .

    , . 4803128.6, 10904341.6 , 1259 . 24.10 9.10, 7.06, 63.5 S/m, TDS 34.0 ppm, , , .

    , 1- , HCO

    3-

    >SO42->Cl-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+,

    ( 57.4 /), ( 0.55 -/), 16.0 / .

    , 4803442.8, 11000200.4 , 1156 . 23.70 14.10, 7.27, 94.9 S/m, TDS 46.0 ppm, , .

    5.22 .

    , 1- , HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 68.4 /), ( 0.60 -/), 17.12 / .

    ,

    190 , 6150 . , 15-20 , , , . , , . , , , vv .

    1962 06 06- 450.4 /, 4.40 -/, 8.0 1969 08 15-

  • 63

    , ,

    ,

    175.6 / [4]. , .

    48034922; 110040474 / 1028 /- , [3].

    5.22 . , 2007-2009

    , (48036178; 110011937)

    2007.07.29 2008.05.28 2009.06.09 8.30 8.590 27.1 19.3DO (/) 7.46DO ()% 104.1 (S/m) 231.6 248.2Cl- (/) 2.9 9.7 3.1SO4

    2- (/) 8.0 3.0 10.0 (/) 47.0 244.0 (/) 149.0 114.0 171.0Br (/) 0.06 0.06 0.02I (/) 0.07 0.11 0.03Ca2+ (/) 94.0 157.0 106.0 (-/) 8.31 7.83 7.67Mg2+ (/) 44.0 0.0 29.0SiO2 (/) 16.1 0.6 15.2NH4

    + (/) 0.0 0.45 0.12NO3

    - (/) 1.3 0 0NO2

    - (/) 0.003 0.003 0.004Mn2+ (/) 0.4 2.9 0.2

    5.23 . , 2010 05

    , 0 . 0 S/cm TDS ppm

    ,

    ,

    H:1199m, N:48004/40.5//

    E: 109049/35.5//

    7.98 13.5 11.5 200.0 112.0 ,

    ,

    H:1034m, N:48034/54.2//

    E: 110040/11.9//

    7.21 20.8 21.3 230.0 120.0 ,

    , 231-248 S/m, 7.67-8.31 -/, 94-157 /, 0.0-44 / .

    2010 , , .

    5.23 . , 5.24 . , 5.25 . ,

  • 64

    , , ,

    , 4 . 5.24 . , 2010.06

    -(/)

    -(-

    /)

    -

    (/) (/) , /

    CO3

    2-/ HCO

    3- Cl- SO4

    2- Na+++ 2+ Mg2+ NH4 NO2 NO3

    , 140.4 1.70

    I 0/73.2 3.6 12.0 5.7 26.1 4.9 14.08 0.0 0.0 0.0

    189.0 2.00

    I 0/122 5.3 15.0 10.4 30.1 6.1 7.68 0.2 0.0 0.0

    , , 1- , HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl-, Ca2+>Mg2+>Na++K+, ( 140-189 /), ( 1.70-2.00 -/), , 7.68-14.1 / . . . , 2.0 -/- , 30 /-, 6 /- .

    5.25 . / /

    (/

    )

    ,

    -

    /

    (/) (/)

    , /

    CO

    32- /

    HCO

    3-

    Cl-

    SO42-

    Na+

    +

    +

    Ca2

    +

    Mg2

    +

    NH

    4

    NO

    2

    NO

    3

    2007* :231.6

    8.312.9 5.0 94.0 44.0 8.3 0.0 0.0 1.3

    2008* : 7.839.7 157.0 0.0 0.45 0.0 0.0

    2009* :248.2

    7.673.1 6.0 106.0 29.0 6.9 0.12 0.0 0.0

    2010** 189.0 2.00 -/73.2 3.6 12.0 5.7 26.1 4.9 7.2 14.7 0.2 0.0 0.0

    : * , **

    , . .

    , , 4801004.6, 11001735.9 , 1223 .

    , 1- , HCO

    3->Cl->SO4

    2-, Ca2+>Mg2+>Na++K+, 361.3 /, 3.70 -/ . 15.68 / .

  • 65

    , ,

    ,

    , 1- , HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 147 /), ( 1.55 -/), 10.88 / .

    6.26 .

    , . 18 - , 4801137.3, 10904401.6 , 1235 13.00 10.40, 7.63, 186 S/m, TDS 91.0 ppm .

    ,

    4803417.5, 11004856.5 , 1009 . . 29.20 21.40 , 7.44, 391 S/m, TDS 198 ppm .

    , 1- , HCO

    3->Cl->SO4

    2-, Ca2+>Mg2+>Na++K+,

    ( 283.5 /), ( 2.90 -/), , . , .

    5.27 .

    ,

    , , , . , .

    1969 08 16- 426.8 /, 4.20 -/, 7.2, , [4]. 2006 , , 1- , Na++K+>Ca2+>Mg2+, HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl- ( 1.00 -/), ( 140.0 /), 265 S/m, TDS 142ppm, (pH 7.58) ,

  • 66

    , , ,

    4.00 / . 48024703; 111007008 ( 1057 )- , [3].

    5.26 . , 2007-2009

    , (48024703; 111007008)

    2007.08.01 2008.05.28 2009.06.10

    7.96 7.11

    0 15.6 15.3

    DO (/) 6.61

    DO ()% 84.6

    (S/m) 215.3 316.0

    Cl- (/) 2.6 4.6

    SO42- (/) 10.0 5.0

    (/) 84.0

    (/) 212.0 229.0

    Br (/) 0.69 0.02

    I (/) 1.1 0.04

    Ca2+ (/) 160.0 153.0

    (-/) 9.80 11.53

    Mg2+ (/) 22.0 47.5

    SiO2 (/) 12.6 6.0

    NH4+ (/) 0.0 0.23

    NO3

    - (/) 0.7 0.5

    NO2- (/) 0.026 0.005

    Mn2+ (/) 0.5 0.2

    , 215-316 S/sm, 9.80-11.53 -/, 153-160 /, 22-47.5 / . .

    4803257.8, 11101841.6 , 1010 , .

    28.80 25.70 , , 8.02, 525 S/m, TDS 277 ppm .

    , 1- , HCO

    3-

    >SO42->Cl-, Ca2+>Mg2+>Na++K+,

    ( 435.2 /), ( 4.70 -/), , . . , , , 4.7 -/- .

    5.28 .

    5.27 .

    (/

    )

    ,

    -

    / (/) (/)

    , /

    CO

    32- /

    HCO

    3-

    Cl-

    SO42-

    Na+

    +

    +

    Ca2

    +

    Mg2

    +

    NH

    4

    NO

    2

    NO

    3

    2007*:

    215.39.80 2.6 10.0 160.0 22.0 7.96 0.0 0.0 0.7

  • 67

    , ,

    ,

    2009*:

    316.011.53 4.6 5.0 153.0 47.5 7.11 0.23 0.0 0.5

    2010** 435.2 4.70 3/305 7.1 16.0 21.5 62.1 19.5 7.87 7.52 0.2 0.0 0.0

    : * , **

    , .

    ,

    , , , - . 250 . , , , . v .

    1962 06 04- 145.6 /, 0.80 -/, 6.7, 1969 08 16- 352.0 /, 3.60 -/, 6.8, , [4]. 2006 , , , 1- , Ca2+>Mg2+>Na++K+, HCO

    3->Cl-

    >SO42- ( 0.90 -/), ( 81.6 /),

    103 S/sm, TDS 40ppm, (pH 7.78) , 3.68 / . .

    ( 1 48057855; 110037507 , 1135 ), ( 2 49004130; 111036769 , 919 )- , [3].

    5.28 . , 2007-2009

    (48057855; 110037507) (49004130; 111036769)

    2007.07.30 2008.05.27 2009.06.09 2007.07.28 2008.05.26 2009.06.08

    7.92 7.06 8.01 7.13

    0 14.2 13.6 21.9 11.1 16.8

    DO (/) 8.17 8.19 8.07

    DO ()% 103.0 92.1 103.0

    (S/m) 46.3 62.5 57.5 42.3 62.7

    Cl- (/) 3.5 4.9 5.7 3.3 2.9 9.9

    SO42- (/) 8.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 2.0 5.0

    (/) 39.0 34.0 34.0 40.0

    (/) 35.0 45.0 52.0 44.0 40.0 31.0

    Br (/) 0.65 0.04 0.08 1.09 0.05 0.07

    I (/) 1.05 0.07 0.14 1.67 0.11 0.11

    Ca2+ (/) 46.0 31.0 29.0 28.0 27.0 30.0

    (-/) 2.45 2.70 3.79 2.40 3.08 2.57

    Mg2+ (/) 2.0 14.0 28.5 24.0 21.0 13.0

    SiO2 (/) 8.4 5.7 5.9 10.2 9.8 5.5

    NH4+ (/) 0.11 0.11 0.0 0.14 0.12

    NO3- (/) 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 5.5 0.6

  • 68

    , , ,

    NO2- (/) 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.019 0.004

    Mn2+ (/) 0.2 0.3 0.1 5.8 3.8 0.1

    42-62 S/m, 2.45-3.79 -/ . 2007 07 28 2008 05 26- Mn 3.8-5.8 / 2009 06 08- Mn 0.1 / . 2010 06 2 .

    - . . . , . , .

    5.29 .

    5.30 . ,

    5.31 .

    5.29 . , 2010 06

    ,

    0 . 0 S/

    cmTDS ppm

    ,

    6.50 68.6 35.0 ,

    ,

    H:925m, N:49003/32.0//

    E: 111033/39.4//

    6.99 35.0 16.1 78.1 39.0 ,

    5.30 . , 2010.06

    -

    (/)

    -(-

    /)

    -

    (/) (/) ,

    /

    CO32-/

    HCO3- Cl

    - SO42- Na+++ 2+ Mg2+ NH4

    + NO2- NO3

    -

    59.4 0.55 I 0/36.6 3.6 3.8 5.1 9.0 1.2 9.92 0.1 0.0 0.0

    63.8 0.60 I 0/39.7 3.6 4.0 5.4 10.0 1.2 8.00 0.0 0.0 0.0

    , , 1- , HCO

    3->Cl->SO4

    2-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 59-64 /), ( 0.55-0.60 -/), 8-10 / . 0.1 /- .

  • 69

    , ,

    ,

    5.31 .

    (/

    )

    ,

    -

    / (/) (/)

    , /

    CO

    32- /

    HCO

    3-

    Cl-

    SO42-

    Na+

    +

    +

    Ca2

    +

    Mg2

    +

    NH

    4

    NO

    2

    NO

    3

    2007*:

    215.39.80 2.6 10.0 160.0 22.0 7.96 0.0 0.0 0.7

    2009*:

    316.011.53 4.6 5.0 153.0 47.5 7.11 0.23 0.0 0.5

    2010** 435.2 4.70 3/305 7.1 16.0 21.5 62.1 19.5 7.87 7.52 0.2 0.0 0.0

    : * , **

    , .

    . 48059116; 110036166 ( 1135 )- , [3].

    5.32 . , 2007-2009

    , (48024703; 111007008)

    2007.07.30 2008.05.27 2009.06.09

    8.11 7.48

    0 20.2 14.2

    DO (/) 8.69

    DO ()% 110.8

    (S/m) 69.0 76.2

    Cl- (/) 2.0 1.9 3.5

    SO42- (/) 6.0 7.0 8.0

    (/) 30.0 112.0

    (/) 39.0 94.0 83.0

    Br (/) 0.12 0.06 0.02

    I (/) 0.13 0.06 0.03

    Ca2+ (/) 48.0 43.0 43.0

    (-/) 3.05 4.14 3.78

    Mg2+ (/) 8.0 24.0 20.0

    SiO2 (/) 10.7 5.4 5.6

    NH4+ (/) 0.0 0.09 0.11

    NO3- (/) 1.0 1.2 1.1

    NO2- (/) 0.003 0.003 0.004

    Mn2+ (/) 0.4 0.1 0.1

    2006 , , , 1- , Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, HCO

    3->SO4

    2-

    >Cl- . ( 1.10 -/), 16 /, 3.6 /, ( 137.9 /), 215 S/m, TDS 139ppm, (pH 7.34) , () 3.04 /, , . 2 , . , . ,

    69-76 S/m, 3.05-4.14 -/ , 39-94 /, 8-24 / .

    . . , .

  • 70

    , , ,

    , 1- , HCO3->Cl->SO4

    2-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 64.1 /), ( 0.60 -/), 9.28 / . 2+-10.0 /, Mg2+-1.2 / .

    - . 2006 , , 1- , Na++K+>Ca2+>Mg2+, HCO

    3->Cl->SO4

    2-, ( 0.40 -/), 8 /, , ( 82.5 /), 68 S/m, TDS 33 ppm, (pH 7.79) , 4.48 /, NH4

    + 0.2 / .

    , . / / 48058056; 110036198 / 1134 /- , [3].

    5.32 .

    5.33 . , 2007-2009

    , (48058056; 110036198)

    2007.07.30 2008.05.27 2009.06.09

    7.6 6.99

    0 13.9 13.1

    DO (/) 8.31

    DO ()% 103.6

    (S/m) 49.4 73.4

    Cl- (/) 3.3 4.6 8.0

    SO42- (/) 5.0 1.0 9.0

    (/) 32.0 55.0

    (/) 45.0 51.0 92.0

    Br (/) 0.4 0.02 0.03

    I (/) 0.69 0.09 0.04

    Ca2+ (/) 46.0 43.0 33.0

    (-/) 2.63 3.13 3.65

    Mg2+ (/) 4.0 11.0 23.0

    SiO2 (/) 8.5 6.2 6.6

    NH4+ (/) 0.0 0.10 0.15

    NO3- (/) 1.1 0.2 0.5

    NO2- (/) 0.004 0.003 0.01

    Mn2+ (/) 0.7 0.5 0.1

    , 49-73 S/m, 2.63-3.65 -/ , 33-46 /, 4-23 / .

    2010 4805242.7, 11000554.7 , 1262 , . 23.40 14.10, 6.79, 82 S/m, TDS 43.3 ppm .

    , 1-

  • 71

    , ,

    ,

    , HCO3->Cl->SO4

    2-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 65.4 /), ( 0.60 -/), , 0.2 /, 13.76 / .

    5.35 . , 2010.06

    -

    (/)

    -(-

    /)

    -

    (/) (/) ,

    /

    CO32-/

    HCO3- Cl

    - SO42- Na+++ 2+ Mg2+ NH4 NO2 NO3

    39.9 0.40 I 0/24.4 1.8 3.4 2.7 7.0 0.6 6.24 0.1 0.0 0.0

    , , 1- , HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 39.9 /), ( 0.40 -/), 6.24 / .

    , - . , 4902525.0, 11201122.9 , 845 , . , , 16.00 14.00, 7.04, 58 S/m, TDS 30 ppm.

    5.34 .

    5.33 .

    33.5 , 0.65 . 17.30 14.30, 7.1, 56 S/m, TDS 29 ppm , .

    2009 . 7.65, 537.4 /, 4.80 -/, , , 1- [8].

    - , . , 4901409.3, 11105152.7 , 955 , .

  • 72

    , , ,

    , , 1- , HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 40.0 /), ( 0.40 -/), 11.36 / .

    5.36 . , 2010.06

    -

    (/)

    -(-

    /)

    -

    (/) (/) , /

    CO32-/

    HCO3- Cl

    - SO42- Na+++ 2+ Mg2+ NH4 NO2 NO3

    40.0 0.40 I 0/24.4 1.8 3.4 2.8 7.0 0.6 11.36 0.0 0.0 0.0

    2 , , .

    5.37 .

    / , / ,

    , /

    , -/

    1 ,

    N: 4805352.2E: 11000615.5H:1138m

    59.9 0.50 I

    2 ,

    N: 4805422.0E: 11000835.1H:1131m

    139.4 1.20 I

    3 , N: 4805242.7E: 11000554.7H:1262m

    65.4 0.60 I

    4 , N: 4804114.5E: 11001104.0H:1124m

    77.8 0.75 I

    5 , N: 4803837.7E: 11001445.9H:1106m

    87.4 0.80 I

    6 ,

    2 , N: 4803747.7E: 11003640.9H:1134m

    60.6 0.50 I

    7 ,

    N: 4803454.2E: 11004011.9H:1034m

    189.0 2.00 I

    8 , N: 4803417.5E: 11004856.5H:1009m

    283.5 2.90 I

    9 ,

    3 , //N: 4803416.8E: 11100321.5H:1055m

    159.0 1.40 I

    10 , N: 4803257.8E: 11101841.6H:1010m

    435.2 4.70 I

    11 , 4 , N:48050/23.3//

    E: 111038/40.8//

    H:867m82.3 0.75 I

    12 , N:49003/32.0//

    E: 111033/39.4//

    H:925m62.8 0.60 I

    13 , N:49014/09.3//

    E: 111051/52.7//

    H:955m39.9 0.40 I

    14 , N:49025/25.0//

    E: 112011/22.9//

    H:845m40.0 0.40 I

    15 , ,

    N:49028/35.4//

    E: 112030/24.9//

    H:832m71.0 0.65 I

  • 73

    , ,

    ,

    5.3.2 , , :

    4804354.0, 11001125.5 , 1109 . , . 25.80 10.10, 7.45, 524 S/m, TDS 271 ppm .

    : , , .

    , , . , , 1- .

    5.35 . , /

    5.36. .

  • 74

    , , ,

    , 1- , HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl-, Ca2+>Mg2+>Na++K+, ( 437.1 /), ( 5.10 -/), 14.40 / .

    : , 4804750.8, 11000703.2 , . 22.50, 7.67, 212 S/m, TDS 113 ppm, . 5.38 .

    : , 4805821.8, 11103544.0 , 1032 , . 24.70 4.50 , 8.0, 470 S/m, TDS 247 ppm .

    5.39 .

    , , , . , , 1- , HCO

    3->Cl->SO4

    2-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 341.7 /), ( 3.10 -/), 2.56 /, 0.4 / .

    : 4900249.8, 11103401.8 , 933 , . 23.00 20.60 , 7.93, 430 S/m, TDS 225 ppm .

    5.40 .

    , , 1- , HCO

    3->Cl->SO4

    2-, Na++K+>Ca2+>Mg2+, ( 321.6 /), ( 2.00 -/), 8.32 / .

    5.3.3

    .

  • 75

    , ,

    ,

    , . 3 - , 50 - , , , , , 60 . 3-4 .

    , , , 4805645; 10804945 , 1450 . 95 , 90 , 95 . , 2 2 9 . +700 . . , , , . . , , , , , . 300 . 2 , . , 2297 -, 2100 , , 2141 , 2215 , 2407 , 2361 , 2221 , 2280 , , , . , , , . , , . , , , . 1-2 . , 300500 . 1912-1914 .. 880, 1958 . 770, 1961 . 850 . 1958 12- 03- 12 -50 24 140-770 . , 24 72000 [7]. 1958 12 .

    5.38 . 1958 , /

    /

    -/

    3--/

    3-

    Cl- SO4-- Na++K+ Ca++ Mg++ 0

    116.1 0.30 0.0 /61.0 7.1 57.5 4.0 1.2 77.0 NI

    , , , , 1- .

    , , , 47052355; 109046133 , 1308 . , , , 4-5 . . , , , . , , 3-4 3 . ,

  • 76

    , , ,

    , . . 1958 7- 31- 210 4.30, , , , 6120 146880 [7] . 7-8- , .

    2010 05 28- , , ,

    . 12.50 12.70, 8.82, 2530 S/m, TDS 1280 ppm.

    , , 1- , , , , , , .5.41 .

    5.39 . , /

    /

    .-

    /

    3--/

    3- Cl

    - SO4-- Na

    ++K+

    Ca++ Mg++ 2 -

    2009.10 6.14 1630.3 15.6 0.0/1171 21.3 14.0 102.2 152 97.3 739 MgI2010.06 8.82 1984.7 12.90 60.0/1262.7 53.3 113.5 316.1 42.1 131.3 - CNaI

    . , , , . .

    . 2009 6.11 , ( 117.5 /), ( 0.40 -/), , .

    -

    - , 4800330; 10901530 , 1350 . 100 . 400 . 4-5 . , , . , , , , , , , , 2-3 . 1976 , , , . , , , , , , , - .

  • 77

    , ,

    ,

    , . . , , . 200 , . - . , , , , [7]. . 1959 10- 10- 50 40, 24 . , , , [7]. 1959 5.8 , ( 468.1 /), ( 13.5 -/), (2 1795 /), , , 3- .

    4802510; 10902415 , 1500 . 800-1000 . , , , , , , , , , . , . . 11 , . , , , , . 1959 10- 12- 15 30 110 10.50, 40, , .1 3600 [7]. 7.6, ( 161.9 /), ( 0.30 -/), , .

    , , , 48022`3, 109034`30 , 1400 . , . . , . 1959 10- 12- 19 50 100, 48 , , 1 7200 [7]. 2009 , 2010 5 . :

    5.40 . , /

    /

    .-

    /

    3--/

    3- Cl

    - SO4-- Na++K+ Ca++ Mg++ 2 -

    1959-10-12 406.5 4.50 0.0/268.5

    14.2 28.8 20.7 50.0 24.3 528. CaMgII

    2009.10 7.08 428.4 4.80 0.0/256.2

    14.2 26.3 7.9 64.1 19.5 17.6 CaII

  • 78

    , , ,

    , 48011 10, 11001 , 1200 . 2.5 2 10 . 400 , 30 , , , , , ( ) 8 . . 1960 7- 11- 18 180, 200 200, 18, , . , , , , . .

    2009 ( 7.05), ( 260.3 /), ( 2.00 -/), , , 1- .

    , 4705430; 11002130 , 1320 . 2 20-30 . , , , , . 1-2 , 1512 , , , - . , , , , .

    , , . 1958 08 02- 180 30, 10, , , , , 420 86400 [7]. 1958 6.5 , ( 825.5 /), ( 7.50 -/), (2 1179.2 /), , , 1- . .

    , , ., 18 - . 5 - , . .

    , . .

    , 490030; 10903030 , 1380 . ,

  • 79

    , ,

    ,

    . 18 2280 , , . 2007 , 2010 , - , 1850 , 1812 - , [7]. , , , . . . , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , [7]. . 1957 7- 1- 9 30 170, 230 40, 80 . 1958 12- 1- 13 -30 -10, 1958 12- 4- 14 +10 -0.50 [7]. , , , . , , . 4 . 1958 1800 . ( 5.8), ( 1618.4 /), ( 16.4 -/), (2 3625.5 /), , , 1- , .

    , 1 , 48007; 110012 , 1260 . . 5- 6- 8- . , .. 1958 6- 27- 13 30 220 -0.40, , , , , 9000 [7]. . , , , [7]. 2009 10 . . 1958 4805031.8; 11001049.6 , 1120 , .

    5.42 .

    5.44 . 5.43 . ,

  • 80

    , , ,

    , . 0.30, 6.07, 673 S/m, TDS 365 ppm, 1540 / . , , 1- , , , . 5.3- .

    5.41 . , /

    /

    -,-/

    3--/

    3- Cl

    - SO4-- Na++K+ Ca++ Mg++ 2

    -

    1958.06 1254.5 12.80 0.0/903 7.1 37.4 68.5 212 26.7 3911 I2009.10 5.92 720.5 7.60 0.0/488 14.2 10.7 23.4 120 19.5 176.0 I2010.06 6.07 748.3 8.20 0.0/549 7.1 15.0 30.2 120 26.8 1540 I

    , . .

    2009 ( 7.70), ( 327.6 /), ( 2.80 -/), , , 1- .

    ( ) . 4800995.4; 11001750.9 , 1223 . , HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl-, Ca2+>Mg2+>Na++K+, ( 503 /), ( 6.80 -/), ( 7.13), 730 S/m, TDS 379 ppm .

    2009 ( 145.9 /), ( 0.80 -/), 6.42, , , , 1- .

    - , 48024/5, 110051/5 , 1050 , , . - 14 . , , , , , . . , , , . , .1946 . 16.80 5.20, 6.1, . 1958 8- 3- 12 260 00 26 . , , , , 5.4 , 1809 / , ( 15.47 -/), , , 1- [7].

  • 81

    , ,

    ,

    . .

    2009 10 ( 345.3 /), ( 3.20 -/), 7.98, , , 1- .

    49008; 11200230 , 970 . , 100 , [7]. , , , , , , - , , . , , , .1958 8- 10- 8 130 10, , , , 21600 [7]. 2009 . 50 . :

    5.42 . , /

    /

    .-

    /

    3--/

    3- Cl

    - SO4-- Na++K+ Ca++ Mg++ 0 -

    1958.08 6.8 347.0 3.26 0.0/219.6

    14.2 25.0 29.0 50.0 9.2 1.0 I

    2009.10 7.06 383.8 3.00 0.0/219.6

    7.1 29.6 32.2 48.0 7.3 I

    , , 48040/, 111036/1 , 1190 . 23-24 , 30 , 27 . , . , , . , , , . . 1958 8- 4- 13 240 30, 26, , , , 3600 [7]. 2009 2 17.6 /, 7.28, 427.4 /, 4.60 -/, , - , 1- .

    5.3.4 ,

    . , . , . , , , , , , , , , , , - ,

  • 82

    , , ,

    . , , .

    , . , . , . , 4804754.9; 11000650.9 , 1213 . 21.10 15.70, 7.45, 263 S/m, TDS 140.3 ppm , . 34 , , .

    , HCO

    3->SO4

    2->Cl-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+, ( 256.5 /), ( 2.55 -/), ( 7.19), 313 S/m, TDS 194 ppm, 0.2 /, 11.36 / . , .

    5.45 . 5.46 . 5.47 .

    5.48 .

    3-4 - 1206 , .

    , 4804540.7; 11003646.0 , 1050 . , . 23.50 20.90, 8.76, 3670 S/m, TDS 1970 ppm .

    , , HCO

    3->Cl->O

    32-,

    Na++K+>Mg2+>Ca2+ ( 2540.1 /), ( 8.25 -/), ( 7.76), .

  • 83

    , ,

    ,

    , 4900230; 111039 , 800 . , - . 2 -, . 800 12.6 , . . 4 , , , . 200300 , 300400 , 100100 , . 2.6 [7]. , 1951 . , , , , , , . . , , , , , , , , , , , , . 1958 8 :

    5.43 . 1958 , /

    /

    .-

    /

    3--/

    3- Cl

    - SO4-- Na++K+ Ca++ Mg++ 0 -

    6.5 269.8 1.82 0.0 /164.4 35.5 36.3 29.2 4.4 18 NaI

    6.4 465.2 3.27 0.0 /317.2 26.6 61.6 51.0 8.8 19 NaI

    6.9 303.1 2.17 0.0 /207.4 17.7 38.8 32.8 6.4 20 NaI

    8.4 932.6 3.60 96/512 17.7 40.0 214.2 21.8 30.5 22 NaI

    , , , , , , 1- .

    2003 10 - 10060 , , 325 , 0.8 . 2010 , , , , . , , HCO

    3->Cl->SO4

    2-, Mg2+>Na++K+>Ca2+ ( 1349.8 /), ( 11.25 -/, ), ( 7.32), ( 0.7 /) .

    5.44 . , /

    /

    .-

    /

    3--/

    3- Cl

    - SO4-- Na++K+ Ca++ Mg++ -

    2003.10 8.93 347.0 3.26 19.7 NaI2010.06 7.32 1349.8 11.25 0.0/915.0 71.0 45.0 152.9 72.1 93.0 5.6 MgNI

    7 , , , , . .

  • 84

    , , ,

    450 , , 2003 250 , 160 , 1.2 [5]. 2010 06 , , , .

    5.49 .

    , . 4900204.1; 11103941.0 , 949 . 26.00 19.50, 8.43, 315 S/m, TDS 168.4 ppm . , 210, 8.21, 312 S/m, TDS 166.5 ppm .

    5.45 . , /

    /

    .-/

    3

    --/

    3- Cl- SO4

    -- Na++K+ Ca++ Mg++ -

    2003.10 7.45 200.0 2.55 7.70 NaI2010.06 6.94 377.8 3.00 0.0/256.2 14.2 12.0 41.9 42.1 10.9 8.48 NaI

    7 , , , .

    , , 1120 . 49001/56.2//, 111039/15.9// 2.9 , 1.2 , 340 , 220 74800 , 89760 [5]. 1943 350 , 250 87500 , 131250 . 60 12700 , 41490 . , 13 0.3 , 26250 . 950 [5]. , 50 . , , .

    , , HCO

    3->Cl->SO4

    2-, Ca2+>Na++K+>Mg2+ ( 377.8 /), ( 3.00 -/), ( 6.94), ( 0.5 /) .

  • 85

    , ,

    ,

    , 4900154.3; 11103919.3 , 1008 , . 23.30 18.30, 8.40, 703 S/m, TDS 381 ppm 4900130.3; 11103945.0 , 984 707 S/m, TDS 380 ppm . , , HCO

    3->CO

    32->Cl-

    >SO42-, Na++K+>Mg2+>Ca2+ ( 651.4 /),

    ( 3.20 -/, ), ( 0.6 /) .

    2003 10- 18- , , 14 60 30 . As 0.05 /, Pb

  • 86

    , , ,

    570 S/m, TDS 380 ppm . . .

    , , HCO

    3->CO

    32->Cl->SO4

    2-, Na++K+>Ca2+>Mg2+ ( 553.3 /), ( 3.95 -/), / 0.5 // . , , .

    2009 10 ( 206.8 /), ( 1.20 -/), ( 6.11), , , 1- . [8].

    5.4 3 , 2

    () .

    5.53 . 5.54 . 5.55 .

    5.56 . 5.57 . 5.58 .

    5.48 . , /

    /

    ,

    (/)

    .-

    /

    3--/

    3- Cl

    -

    SO4 2- Na

    ++K+ Ca++ Mg++ NH4+ -

    , /2010.06

    7.4 1006.6 12.3 0.0 /579.5

    17.8 175.0 28.8 140.3 64.4 0.40 5.28 CCaII

    , /2010.06

    7.0 1086.6 1.00 0.0 /573.4

    17.8 185.0 293 12.0 4.9 0.10 6.24 CNaI

  • 87

    , ,

    ,

    /1980 6 400.0 4.54 0 /299 19.5 32.9 62.1 43.0 16.0 3.04 CNaI /2010 7.2 272.4 3.50 0/164.7 10.7 32.5 4.2 44.1 15.8 0.0 5.12 CCaIII/2010 7.3 1351.3 16.7 0/231.8 12.4 750.0 68.5 210.4 75.4 2.0 4.80 SCaII

    , , . , , , , , , . , MNS 900:2005 .

    - . - , . - . , . .

    , . 4804134.0; 11001128.9 , 1141 2005 , 40 .

    5.49 . , /

    / ,

    (/)

    .-/

    3

    --/

    3- Cl- SO4

    2- Na++K+ Ca++ Mg++ NH4+ -

    /1977

    7.1 400.0 3.67 0 / 210.5

    3.4 69.9 31.5 46.0 16.0 1.60 II

    / 2010.06

    7.3 212.0 2.40 0.0 /146.4

    3.6 10.0 7.2 38.1 6.1 0.1 4.64 II

    .

    6, 1 . .

    5.50 . , /

    / ,

    (/)

    .-/

    3--/

    3- Cl

    -

    SO4 2- Na

    ++K+ Ca++ Mg++ NH4+

    Fe-

    , 7.3 262.9 2.40

    0.0 / 164.7

    5.3 10.1 22.6 28.1 12.2 0.0 0.0 II

    / 2010.06 7.4 273.6 3.00

    0.0 /176.9

    7.1 20.0 11.1 42.1 10.9 1.5 0.0 II

    , /2010.06 7.4 326.7 3.60

    0.0 /189.1

    12.4 25.0 15.8 52.1 12.2 0.1 0.0 II

    /2010.06 7.3 358.0 5.10

    0.0 /164.7

    53.3 37.6 1.1 74.1 17.0 0.0 0.0 III

    /2010 7.3 603.3 3.30

    0.0 /427.0

    7.1 16.0 97.4 40.1 15.8 0.0 0.0 NI

    /2010.06 7.2 714.8 7.90

    0.0 /213.5

    78.1 225.0 47.9 110.2 29.2 6.0 2.4 SII

    /2010.06 7.4 342.0 4.20

    0.0 /207.4

    10.7 40.0 7.7 64.1 12.2 0.0 0.0 II

  • 88

    , , ,

    , , 2- , 263-358 / , 2.40-4.20 , . , , 1- , 603 / . 30 2 5.1 -/ , 3- . , , 2- , 263-715 /, 7.90 , 4 . 8 , . , .

    - 4 . . 5.51 . - , /

    / ,

    (/)

    .-/

    3--/

    3- Cl

    -

    SO4 2- Na

    ++K+ Ca++ Mg++ NH4+

    Fe-

    , /2010.06

    7.6 279.6 1.50 0.0 / 183.0

    7.1 18.0 45.4 20.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 NI

    , / 2010.06

    7.5 197.5 2.00 0.0 /128.1

    5.3 15.0 12.9 30.1 6.1 0.0 0.0 I

    , /2010.06

    7.5 304.9 3.20 0.0 /213.5

    5.3 12.0 16.1 46.1 10.9 0.2 0.0 I

    /2010.06

    7.4 385.8 2.40 0.0 /274.5

    5.3 10.0 56.5 26.1 13.4 0.0 0.0 NI

    , , , 1- , , , 1- , ( 280-386 /), ( 1.50-3.20 -/), , . , .

    7 .

    5.52 . , /

    / ,

    (/)

    .-/

    3

    --/

    3- Cl- SO4

    2- Na++K+ Ca++ Mg++ NH4+

    Fe -

    7.5 269.9 2.50

    0.0 / 186.1 5.3 13.0 22.2 32.1 10.9 0.1 0.0

    I

    , /2010.06 7.7 274.2 2.90

    0.0 /189.1 7.1 12.0 15.0 40.1 10.9 0.0 0.0

    I

    , / 2010.06

    7.6 171.0 1.90 0.0 /119.0 3.6 10.0 5.9 24.0 8.5 0.0 0.0

    I

    /2010.06 7.8 248.9 2.50

    0.0 /158.6 7.1 22.0 17.4 34.1 9.7 0.0 0.0

    I

    /2010.06 7.6 287.4 2.70

    0.0 /189.1 14.2 12.0 23.9 36.1 10.9 0.4 0.0

    I

    /2010 7.0 354.2 4.00

    0.0 /250.1 7.1 13.6 13.4 54.1 15.8 0.1 0.0

    I

    /2010 7.9 322.2 2.50

    0.0 /225.7 7.1 11.7 37.8 24.0 15.8 0.0 0.0

    I

  • 89

    , ,

    ,

    , , / /, 1- , ( 171-354 /), 4.00 -/ , ( 1.90-2.90 -/), , .

    . , , 1- , ( 272 /), ( 3.10 -/), , .

    5.5 1. ,

    , , . , . . , , . . , , , , .

    2. , , , , 2 . 1999 . . , . 50 - . 2009 1 - . . 3 3 , .

    3. , , , , , , , . , .

    4. , , . , . . , .

    5.6 1. , , ,

    . .

    2. - . , , , , .

    3. . ,

  • 90

    , , ,

    , . , .

    4. . .

    5. , . , , , , , . , .

    6. , . , . , , . , , , , , . , , , , .

    7. -, . , , - . , 203 . , .

    8. , , , , , , , , , - . .

    9. , , , , .

  • 91

    , ,

    ,

    6. ,

    6.1 ,

    . , , , , (WWF)- , .

    , , , 2.1-12.2% , , , , .

    , 2010 4 .

    .- , -

    .- - , (WWF)-

    .- - , ,

    .- - , - , - -

    .- - , - - - -

    .- - , -

    .- - ,

    .- - ,

    .- - , - ,

    .- - , -

    .-- - , -

    .- - , - , -

    .- - , - -

    .- - ,

    .- - ,

    .

  • 92

    , , ,

    , , , , .

    6.2 , ,

    , , , . , 2-4 . , , , . , , .

    6.1 . . : . (- ), .-, ., ., ., ., ., ., . , ., ., ., .

    6.2 . 1.5

    6.3 .

    ( ), ( ) , . , .

    6.4 .

  • 93

    , ,

    ,

    . 1960- . , , . ,- , , , .

    6.5 .

    6.6 . 1966

    6.1 .

    -

    -2 ,- , , - . . , , , . , . ,

    6- 15- 9- 15- , , 100.000 . . -

    . HB-3 . , , .

  • 94

    , , ,

    - 2008 10, 81 70 0.5 / , . 4 , 8 .

    20.9%, 2.1% . , , .

    7-9 , , , 20 , 10 , 2-3 .

    6.2 .

    /

    2005 2006 2007 2008 20091

    1661 1697 1791 1447 1702

    2 5208 5182 5228 5148 5170

    3 2009 2008 2003 2092 2056

    4 3531 3493 3631 3784 3824

    5 - 2413 2347 2393 2429 2323

    6 2534 2505 2531 2667 2660

    7 2255 2210 2263 2341 2330 19611 19442 19840 19908 20065

    8 - 4737 4704 4686 4529 4451 4737 4704 4686 4529 4451 24348 24146 24526 24437 24516

    6.3 . , (2010)

    /

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    1 3619 15 54285 1551 25 38775 93.1 33981.5

    2 1439 15 21585 617 25 15425 37 13505

    3 2294 15 34410 1530 25 38250 72.6 26499

    4 - 1633 15 24495 690 25 17250 41.7 15220.5

    5 1729 15 25935 931 25 23275 49.2 17958

    6 280 15 4200 25 0 4.2 1533

    7 - 120 15 1800 25 0 1.8 657

    11114 166710 5319 132975 299.6 109354

    2015 0,9-1,8 16590 , 2021 2,2% 18186 ( ) .

    1995 153- .

  • 95

    , ,

    ,

    6.4 .

    . . .

    2015 16590 9.1 150969

    2021 18186 9.1 165492.6

    6.3

    . . .

    -- . , , - , , , , , .

    , , ,

    .

    , , .

    :

    1. , . , , .

    2. , , , .

    3. , . , . , .

    4. , . .

    5. , , . , , -, , , .

    . . 5-15 - . - .

  • 96

    , , ,

    2007 , , , 79- 51.6%, 440 64.1% .

    6.5 .

    /

    , %

    1 30 151 11 56 36.7 37.1

    2 10 122 6 56 60.0 45.9

    3 12 38 8 27 66.7 71.1

    4 - 13 91 4 12 30.8 13.2

    5 12 36 8 6 66.7 16.7

    6 1 2 1 1 100 50.0

    7 - 1 1 100.0

    79 440 39 158 49.4 35.9

    61.3% , 46.9% , 24.5% , .

    6.6 . ( )

    18 12 74 6 33.3 15 9 60 7 46.7 31 12 38.71 19 61.3

    19 14 74 5 26.3 58 38 65.5 20 34.5 22 5 22.73 17 77.3

    20 3 15 17 85 33 15 45.5 18 54.5 48 17 35.42 31 64.6

    - 7 2 29 5 71.4 5 5 100 40 19 47.5 21 52.5

    26 15 58 11 42.3 37 20 54.1 17 45.9 53 13 24.53 40 75.5

    15 4 27 11 73.3 2 2 100 0 7 5 71.43 2 28.6

    - 13 9 69.2 4 30.8 3 2 66.67 1 33.3

    105 50 48 55 52.4 258 137 53.1 121 46.9 293 114 38.91 179 61.1

    , . , , ( , ) . , . , .

  • 97

    , ,

    ,

    6.8 .

    , 27.7-35.8 , 19.8-27.9% - .

    40 , 40 (.. . . 2009), , , . . , , , , , , . , () . .

    , . -, 35.4-42.1% 5.1%- . .

    , , , , . 2008, 2009 , ( . ) . , , , , . , .

    2009 ( . 1995. 153) - , .

  • 98

    , , ,

    6.7 . . .

    111 4.72 3.19 2.56 0.39 0.39

    51 3.26 1.19 0.99 0.18 0.18

    55 2.81 0.80 1.19 0.18 0.18

    148 6.83 2.33 2.52 0.23 0.23

    365 17.62 7.52 7.27 0.98 0.99

    6.8 . 2009-

    /

    //

    / /

    1 1-4 478323 2009 6 3587 9760 7539 6402 27294

    2

    145771.6 2009 1745 5752 5382 4787 17666

    129063.5 2009 19 1777 3903 8283 7651 21633

    16670.9 2009 429 2497 3340 3146 9412

    - 159947.8 2009 118 3724 4959 21415 16071 46287

    92128.7 2009 8 1695 3751 13688 9401 28543

    145 9370 20862 52108 41056 123541

    3-

    96968.1 20 948 2952 7128 6376 17424

    8938 2009 0 248 1158 3583 3480 8469

    71911.8 2009 46 1862 2520 9380 7488 21296

    124060.8 2009 60 2298 2961 16017 13490 34826

    126 5356 9591 36108 30834 82015

    4 1-4 702439.7 2009 4 4106 13680 23251 11823 52864

    5

    92593.5 2009 1 1371 4569 7766 3949 17656

    93778.7 2009 44 1998 2617 19675 21314 45648

    20977.9 2009 11 1060 2069 14666 15356 33162

    282923.4 2009 0 801 1313 9263 8957 20334

    116666.5 2009 7 2299 4561 24038 17426 48331

    63 7529 15129 75408 67002 165131

    6 65410 2009 7 638 1199 3656 2704 8204

    7 - 89746 2009 0 157 627 708 582 2074

    351 30743 70848 198778 160403 461123

    6.9 . . .

    2005 1.4 57.7 74.7 231.8 179.4 545

    2006 1.3 58.6 82.1 275.5 216.8 634.3

    2007 1.1 61.3 89.9 321.1 263.8 737.2

    2008 1.1 61.2 98.1 373.7 318.5 852.6

    2009 1 63.3 107.5 427.4 350.9 950.1

    71.4 9.7 44 84.4 95.6 74.3

    % 1.9 8.8 16.9 19.1 14.8

  • 99

    , ,

    ,

    6.10 . . .

    /

    , .

    .

    1 63 17.6 1109

    7529 7.5 56467

    15129 7.3 11162

    , 142410 1 142410

    165131 211148

    2 4 17.6 70

    4106 7.5 30795

    13680 7.3 99864

    , 35074 1 35074

    52864 165803

    3 145 17.6 2552

    9370 7.5 70275

    20862 7.3 152293

    , 93164 1 93164

    123541 318284

    4 - 126 17.6 2218

    5356 7.5 40170

    9591 7.3 70014

    , 66942 1 66942

    82015 179344

    5 6 17.6 106

    3587 7.5 26902

    9760 7.3 71248

    , 13941 1 13941

    27294 112197

    6 7 17.6 123

    638 7.5 4785

    1199 7.3 8753

    , 6360 1 6360

    8204 20021

    7 - 17.6

    157 7.5 1177

    627 7.3 4577

    , 1290 1 1290

    2074 7044

    461123 1013841

    ( ) 2009 2005 9.3-74.3 % 1.9-19.1 . 29,6 %- . 2015, 2021 .

  • 100

    , , ,

    6.11 . 2015, 2021 . .

    351 30743 70848 198778 160403 461123

    9.7 44 84.4 95.6

    2015 350 33725 102021 366546 314389 817030

    17.6 7.5 7.3 1 1

    6160 252938 744753 366546 314389 1684786

    2021 400 36996 146910 674444 614944 1473694

    7040 277470 1072443 674444 614944 2646341

    6.4 , , - (

    ) . 80 . 11 17802 , 11 1205 , 19007 . , , , .

    20000 , .

    . , . , - , , .6.12 .

    22.5 , 60 , 10 , 6 , - 12 7.5

    97.5 - 1.5 1.5 119,5

    / . ./ .1 82.5 , 3000 2475002 10 , 3000 300003 6 , 3000 180004 - 12 , 3000 36000 0 3000 05 7.5 3000 225007 - 1.5 3000 4500 119.5 358.500

    6.13 . . ., 2009

  • 101

    , ,

    ,

    6.9 .

    11710 4901 , 1280 . 6.9- . 6.14- .

    6.14 .

    .

    1 80 80

    2 60 57 3

    3 120 120

    4 4000 4000 -

    5 1500 1500

    6 180 160 20

    7 - 60 60

    8 1600 1600

    9 260 260

    10 1000 1000

    11 800 800

    12 200 200

    13 100 99 1

    14 200 90 110

    15 900 900

  • 102

    , , ,

    16 100 95 5

    17 80 80

    18 80 80

    19 120 120

    20 120 120

    -

    21 135 135

    22 15 15

    11710 4901 1280 5529

    , , , ? ? .

    5,5 . . , .

    6.15 .

    . ./ .

    2015120 3000 360000

    2021

    200 3000 600000

    1000 2800 2800000

    1320 3760000

    6.5 ,

    . , , U&Bi - . (48.29.48,4 109.41.35,9 H=1264) 2009 7- . . . , 36 . 1000 . .

    2021 320 - , 1000 - , .

  • 103

    , ,

    ,

    Troi Mongolia 2000 2007, 2008 , 2009 U&Bi . 10 - , .

    2009 , . , 30%- . screen-80, U&Bi -30 .

    6.16 . ..

    .

    .

    .

    30%

    70%

    1 128000 4.1 524800 177400 347400

    2 34600 4.1 141860 42500 99300


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