Download - Pelvis - GMCH
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Pelvis
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Pelvis
• Bones • Ligaments • Muscles
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Bony Pelvis
Components 4 bones • 2 hip bone • 1 sacrum • 1 coccyx 4 joints • 2 sacro-iliac (Plane Synovial) • Symphysis pubis (Sec. Cart.) • Sacro-coccygeal (Sec. Cart.)
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Walls of Pelvis
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4 gateways – besides pelvic outlet 1. Below Inguinal Ligament
Gateway 2. Obturator foramen 3. Greater sciatic Foramenof Pelvis 4. Lesser sciatic foramen
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Anatomical Position
• Both ASIS & upper end of symphysis pubis should lie in same coronal plane
• Pelvic surface of body of pubis directed more upward than backward
• Sacral canal facing upward
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Anatomical Position
• Tip of coccyx should correspond with upper margin of symphysis pubis
• Pelvic surface of sacro-cccygeal curve faces more downward than backward
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Anatomical Position • Angle of pelvic inlet – 50
– 60° with horizontal • Angle of pelvic outlet –
15° with horizontal
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Pelvic inlet
Plane of pelvic inlet Pelvic Brim Superior pelvic Aperture Slopes obliquely downward & forward • Sacral promontary • upper margin of
symphysis pubis
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Pelvic Brim
Components • Sacral Promontory • Ala of Sacrum(ant. Margin) • Lineae terminalis Arcuate line(ilium) Iliopubic eminence Pecten pubis Pubic crest
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Bony Pelvis
Superior pelvic aperture Divides into • Upper wider greater
part (false pelvis) • Lower narrower part
(Lesser or true pelvis)
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Greater Pelvis • Upper wider part (false pelvis) • Lie above & in front of pelvic
inlet • No bony walls anteriorly • (belong to abdomen proper) Contribution Iliac fossa of hip bone Ala of sacrum In females Iliac blades are more vertical Ant. Sup iliac spine are
projected outward
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Lesser or true Pelvis Features • Pelvic Inlet • Pelvic Cavity • Pelvic Outlet Each can be measured by three dimensions • Antero - posterior • Transverse diameter • Oblique diameter
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Shape - Inlet • Heart shaped in males
(widest towards back)
• Transversely oval in females
• At birth pelvis of both sexes is ovoid
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Classification of Pelvis
• Acc. to shape of inlet –conventional method used by Obstetrician
• Acc. To measurements of inlet – method used by Anthropologists
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Classification of Pelvis
Acc. to shape • Gynaecoid -Rounded shape,Tr
dia widest • Android – heart shaped , inlet
more wide in Post. segment • Anthropoid – Oval ,AP dia.
More than Tr. Dia • Platypaloid – Flat pelvis , Tr.
Dia disproportionately wider than AP dia.
•Anthopoid & Android common in males •Android & Gynaecoid common in females •Pletypelloid - rare
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Classification of Pelvis
Anteropost. Dia / Tr. Dia. X 100
• Pletypellic (transversely flat) - pletypelloid • Mesatipellic (intermediate) -Gynaecoid • Dolichopellic (antero-posteriorly long) –Anthropoid • Brachypellic –Android
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Pelvic inlet
• Antero-post. Diameter (Anatomical conjugate)
• Middle of sacral promontary – upper margin of symphysis pubis
• Males- 10 cm • Females – 10.5 – 11 cms
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Pelvic inlet
Transverse diameter • Widest measurement
across inlet • Males – 12.5 cms • Females – 13 cms
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Pelvic inlet
Oblique diameter • Sacro-iliac joint of one
side to ilio-pubic eminence of other
• Males –11 cms • Females –12.5 cms
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• True Conjugate • Obstetrical conjugate • Diagonal conjugate • External conjugate
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Pelvic cavity Dimensions
• Antero-post.- middle of back of symphysis pubis – centre of pelvic surface of S3
• Female – 13 cms • Oblique diameter- lower end of sacro-iliac
joint to centre of obturator membrane – 13.1 cms
• Transverse diameter – widest transverse distance – 12.5 cms
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Pelvic outlet
• Inferior pelvic aperture • Diamond shaped Boundaries Front- lower margin of
symphysis pubis Behind – tip of coccyx Antero-laterally- conjoint
ischio-pubic rami Laterally – ischial tuberosities Postero- laterally – sacro-
tuberous ligament
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Pelvic outlet dimensions • AP – lower border of symphysis pubis – tip of coccyx • Male- 8 cms • Females – 12.5 cms • Oblique dia.- junction of ischio-pubic ramus of one side to
middle of sacro-tuberous ligament • Males – 10 cms • Females – 11.8 cms • Transverse Dia. – distance b/w medial surface of two ends
of ischial tuberosities • Males – 8.5 cms • Female – 11.8 cms
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Female Pelvis • Wider , Shorter ,
Shallower • For accommodation
of foetal head & parturation
• Tr. Dia of inlet , Oblique dia of cavity & Ap dia of outlet are maximum
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Sexual Difference
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Sexual Differences
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Contents of Pelvic Cavity
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Axis of pelvic Cavity