Download - Pengetahuan Lokal.pdf
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1 FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
Pengetahuan Lokal
MATA KULIAH PKSDA 2014
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2 FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
ILMUWAN-ILMUWAN PSBM
Ruddle dan Anthony Charles Berkes dan Ostrom
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3 FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
Mitos dan Tesis Baru
MITOS TESIS BARU
Mitos 1
Mitos 2
Mitos 3
Orang miskin menyebabkan kebanyakan kerusakan lingkungan
Orang miskin tidak peduli terhadap lingkungan
Orang miskin kurang memiliki pengetahuan dan sumberdaya untuk memperbaiki lingkungannya
Tesis 1
Tesis 2
Tesis 3
Orang kaya menggunakan sumberdaya lebih banyak dan memiliki dampak lingkungan yang lebih besar dari orang miskin.
Orang miskin sadar dampak negatif dari lingkungannya tergantung pada lingkungan untuk hidup
Orang miskin dapat mengelola lingkungan lebih baik, Namun pengetahuan tradisional mereka seringkali diabaikan.
Sumber : Forsyth, 2004
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4 FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
PSBM Sebagai Institusi
Pilar-Pilar
Belief Worldview
Rules Organization
Method Practice
Local knowledge Kognitif 2
Kognitif 1
Regulatif
Normatif
Sumber : Dimodifikasi dari Berkes dan Scott
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5 FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
RAGAM ISTILAH (Ellen & Harris, 2000)
Indigenous knowledge (IK)
Indigenous technical knowledge (ITK)
Ethnoecology Local knowledge Folk knowledge,
Traditional knowledge Traditional environmental/
ecological knowledge (TEK)
Peoples science Rural peoples knowledge
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6 FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
Local Knowledge
Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) as a cumulative body of knowledge, practice and belief, evolving by adaptive processes and handed down through generations by cultural transmission, about the relationship of living beings (including humans) with one another and with their environment.
Berkes (1999:8)
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Local Knowledge
The knowledge acquired through living in contact with the natural resources of a particular area over many generations
(Haggan and Brown, 2002)
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8 FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
Characteristics of IK
embedded-ness of knowledge in the local culture, boundedness of local knowledge in space and time, the importance of community, lack of separation between nature and culture, and
between subject and object,
commitment to the local environment as a unique and irreplaceable place, and
non-instrumental approach to nature Berkes (1999:10) quoted Banuri and Apffel Marglin (1993),
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9 FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
Characteristics of IK (a) local, (b) orally transmitted, (c) constantly reinforced by experience, trial and error, and
deliberate experiment,
(d) empirical and empirico-hypothetical knowledge rather than theoretical knowledge in the strict sense,
(e) constantly changing, being produced as well as reproduced, discovered as well as lost,
(f) characteristically holistic, integrative and situated within broader cultural traditions.
Ellen and Harris (2000)
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10 FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
Practical Significances
(a) biological information and ecological insight, (b) resources management, (c) conservation of protected area, (d) biodiversity conservation, (e) environmental assessment, (f) social development, and (g) environmental ethics (Berkes, 1999:28).
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11 FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
Practical Significances (a) traditional management methods, (b) conservation, (c) stock assessment, (d) environmental impact assessment, (e) local hydrography, (f) fishing methods and technologies, and (g) fish systematics and biology. This is based on his assumption that for marine context, there
are three components ok LK : (a) fish behavior, (b) marine physical environments and fish habitats, and (c) ecosystems concept (Ruddle, 2000).
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12 FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
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