Download - Pengolahan Sagu
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CECEP SAEPUL RAHMAN
F151100041
KAJIAN SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK SAGU SERTA KETERKAITANNYA PADA
PERANCANGAN ALAT PEMARUT SAGU
TEKNIK MESIN DAN PERTANIAN PANGAN
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
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Farmasi => Lapisan tipis tablet
Pestisida => Pengendali gulma lada perdu
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Penokokkan (Adze)± 1 minggu
Alat Parut Sagu (Silinder)± 6 jam
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Proses Pemarutan UKM Sagu
Tanah Baru Bogor
Proses Pemarutan UKM Sagu
Sukabumi
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Mempelajari sifat fisik dan mekanik sertaketerkaitannya pada perancangan alat pemarutsagu
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Divisio : Spermathophyta
Ordo : Spadicflorae
Kelas : Angiospermae
Subklas : Monocotyledoneae
Famili : Palmae
Genus : Metroxylon
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Sumber Karbohidrat
(Pati)
Rawa berair tawar / bergambut
0-700 mdpl
2000-4000 mm/tahun curah hujan
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Batang Sagu
Sisa kulit kayu
Kulit tipis
Kulit keras
Serat Kayu
Empulur
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D batang = ± 50 cm => 80 – 90 cm
Kulit = 3-5 cm
Tinggi ≈> 20 m
Silinder
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Before
(Baru tebang)
After
(Browning)
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Berat Batang > 1 ton
Berat Empulur ± 80%
Berat jenis Empulur
± 541.29 kg/m3
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µk=µs - (0.25 µs) ( Giancoli (1990) dalam Darma (2001))
Bergantung arah parutan
Searah serat
µs = 0.5362 µk = 0.4022
Tegak lurus serat
µs = 0.347 µk = 0.2603
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Batang => 3 Bagian
1. Pangkal = 60.98 %
2. Tengah = 65.18 %
3. Ujung = 78.17 %
4. Rata-rata = 68.11 %
Sagu Tegal WaruCiampea Bogor
Pangkal > Tengah > Ujung
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Bergantung umur, jenis, tempat tumbuh
Saat panen ideal => Pati maksimum
13.8 – 21.3 % BB15 – 29 % BB
200 - 300 Kg / pohon
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Kuncup bunga muncul tapi belum mekar
Daun terakhir lebih kecil
Papua
Umur Panen > 11 tahun
Lubangibatang> 1 m
Kunyah peras Keruh ?
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PenebanganPemotongan Batang
danPengupasan Kulit
PembelahanBatang
PemarutanPengadukan
dan PemerasanPenyaringan
Tranportasi keTempat
Pemarutan
Pengendapan
Pengeringan Penghalusan Tepung Sagu
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Pengecilan ukuran
hasil pengecilan ukuran :
a. Kisaran dimensi > 3.175 mm
b. Saringan 0.0737 – 3.175 mm (parutan sagu)
c. Makroskopis < 0.0737 mm
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Tipe :
Disc rasper
Cylindrical rasper
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Ft = gaya pemarutan per gigi
Jt = jumlah gigi efektif
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= gaya pemarutan maksimum per gigi
= gaya gesek max tanpa gigi
T gigi parut = 1 mm
Diameter gigi parut(mm)
Ft searah serat(Newton)
Ft tegak lurus serat(Newton)
1 5.5240 3.37
2 7.924 5.6742
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Torsi PemarutanFaktor yang mempengaruhi :
a. Gaya pemarutan
b. Rpm
c. jari jari silinder
d. kerapatan gigi
2 mm68.20
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Tegak lurus serat
Bagian D1P1n1 D1P1n2 D1P2n1 D1P2n2 D2P1n1 D2P1n2 D2P2n1 D2P2n2
Ujung 3.892 4.502 4.510 5.245 3.652 4.510 5.440 6.353
Tengah 7.625 9.027 4.530 6.036 4.287 5.382 5.641 4.961
Pangkal 9.610 10.553 4.550 6.827 4.921 6.253 5.842 7.561
Rata2 7.043 8.027 4.530 6.036 4.286 5.382 5.641 6.292
Searah serat
Bagian D1P1n1 D1P1n1 D1P1n1 D1P2n2 D2P1n1 D2P1n2 D2P2n1 D2P2n2
Ujung 7.607 9.119 6.809 7.087 4.482 5.388 6.182 6.782
Tengah 8.608 10.680 6.818 7.155 5.049 6.027 6.279 7.809
Pangkal 11.362 11.235 6.818 7.223 5.615 6.667 6.375 8.836
Rata2 9.192 10.345 6.818 7.155 5.049 6.027 6.278 7.809
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Rendemen Pati => Tegak lurus serat (15.85 %)
Bagian D1P1n1 D1P1n2 D1P2n1 D1P2n2 D2P1n1 D2P1n2 D2P2n1 D2P2n2
Ujung 8.1 4.46 6.75 6.75 7.26 6.28 6.61 8.1
Tengah 18.74 18.57 18.27 19.39 17.5 16.27 20.12 19.79
Pangkal 21.37 20.6 23.81 22.48 23.78 21.68 21.74 22.3
Rata2 16.07 14.55 16.28 16.21 16.17 16.48 16.16 16.73
Rendemen Pati => Searah serat (14.9 %)
Bagian D1P1n1 D1P1n1 D1P1n1 D1P2n2 D2P1n1 D2P1n2 D2P2n1 D2P2n2
Ujung 6.52 8.94 6.36 7.45 9.57 11.28 7.72 7.18
Tengah 15.24 15.23 19.41 16.82 18.25 14.06 17.6 14.89
Pangkal 19.82 17.48 16.45 20.38 24.12 18.06 23.54 21.12
Rata2 13.86 13.88 14.07 14.87 17.31 14.47 16.29 14.4
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Analisis Daya Pemarutantorsi maksimum yang dibutuhkan untuk pemarutan sagu adalah 9.610Nm
Maka didapatkan P = 2.82 KW, atau setara dengan 3.78 HPefisiensi motor listrik 80%
daya motor yang dibutuhkanadalah 4.72 HP
9.610
F = 160.17 N
P = 2π x 0.06 x (2800/60) x 160.17
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Batang agu menjadi tiga bagian : pangkal, tengah dan ujung
Sifat fisik dan mekanik = ukuran, warna, koefisien gesek, berat jenis, kandungan empulur, gaya pemarutan per gigi
Faktor yang mempengaruhi torsi pemarutan = Gaya pemarutan, rpm, jari-jari silinder, kerapatan gigi parut
Arah parutan optimal = tegak lurus serat
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Rancangan optimum untuk alat parut
Perancangan alat untuk proses selanjutnya : pengeringan
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