Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, MEP,China
WEPA Group Workshop
Pig Wastewater
Feb. 2017
Impact to Water Environment
Sun Feixiang
一、中国生猪养殖基本情况1. Basic information of Pig Breeding in China
Basic information of Pig Breeding & Pig Wastewater in China
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Year
Pig Farming Size (Million head)
Slaughter出栏 End stock年底头数
(Data from the Statistic Yearbook of Livestock and
Poultry of Ministry of Agriculture)
“十二五”期间,全国生猪出栏量总体
保持稳定,平均每年7亿头。
During the “12th Five-year” period, the
pig breeding developed steadily, with an
annual pig slaughter about 700 million.
2014年,生猪养殖约占畜牧业产值42%。
2014, the pig breeding accounted for
42% of the stock-breeding output values.
生猪养殖业稳步发展(Steady development of China’s pig breeding)
生猪产值比重较大
(Pig breeding accounts for a large proportion)
Livestock牧畜
27%
Pig breeding42%
Poultry家禽
26%other
5%
• Increase in consumption
• formalization breeding farm rationally increase
• Disease control level improved & Survival rate increased
• Agricultural encouragement policy getting better
The size of pig will grow steadily in the next ten years
Basic information of Pig Breeding & Pig Wastewater in China
畜禽养殖区域化差异显著
(Significant regional differences of livestock
and poultry breeding)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Top 10 Provinces in Size in 2015 (Million head)
生猪养殖从分散向集约化趋势明显
(Trend of Pig breeding: from scattered to
intensive)
In 2014 Formalization Breeding accounted for
41.8%。During 2010-2014,(slaughter 出栏量
≥ 500) increased 23.3% , (50≤slaughter<500)
decreased 8.7% , (slaughter<50) decreased
19.9%。
国家尺度上,重点养殖区与生态脆弱区多有重合
At the national scale, there are a large
amount of overlapping areas in the main
breeding areas and ecologically fragile areas
ExtremelySevereModeratelyLightSlight
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
89
10
Ecological Frangibility Evaluation
生态脆弱性评价
Basic information of Pig Breeding & Pig Wastewater in China
四川、河南、湖南, accounted for 10.7%、9.3%、8.6%
High Non-point source pollution risk & High national attention
畜禽养殖污染物排放情况Contaminants Discharge of Livestock and Poultry Breeding
畜禽养殖是农业污染的主要来源。
livestock and poultry breeding is the
main source of agricultural pollution.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
COD NH3-N
畜禽养殖业 水产养殖业 种植业
据《第一次全国污染源普查公告》(2010年)统计,畜禽养殖COD、总氮排放量分别为1268.3万吨、102.5万吨,分别约占农业源污染物排放量的96%和38%。
Livestock Aquaculture Crop
The first national pollution census bulletinCOD:1.268 Million tons /3.029 Million tonsTP:160.4 Thousand tons / 423.2 Thousand tonsTN:1.03 Million tons / 4.73 Million tons Livestock and poultry breeding COD, total
nitrogen emissions respectively, accounting for about 96% and 38% of agricultural pollutant emissions.
养猪废水特点Characteristics of Pig Breeding Wastewater
养殖废水主要包括尿液、冲洗水,特点是COD高、氨氮高。Pig breeding wastewater mainly includes urine, washing water and a small amount of domestic sewage, characterized by high COD and high ammonia nitrogen concentration.
摘自:规模畜禽养殖场污染防治最佳可行技术指南(试行)Excerpted from “Guideline on Best Available Technologies for Pollution
Prevention and Control of Livestock and Poultry Farm (on Trial)”
畜禽养殖主要水污染物产生量及其性质Main water pollutants produced in livestock and poultry breeding
SpeciesDung cleaning
Dung production
10 Kg/head
20 Kg/headPig
Dry
Wet
生猪不仅是我国肉类食品的主要来源,而且是我国农户收入的重要来源之一,占农村居民人均纯收入的8%-10%左右
Pig breeding income accounted for about 8%-10% in rural areas (per capita income),it’s one main income resource for farmers in some areas.
难点:环境与经济的权衡Difficulty: environmental and economic trade-offs
南方丘陵地区的农村气候温暖、地形复杂、农民居住分散,农户养猪废水随意排放,造成农村环境污染严重。
In the hilly areas of South China, the climate is warm, the terrain is complex, the farmers live in scattered, and the farmers' pig waste water is discharged at random.
Rain
Pig wastewater
Farmland Surface water Groundwater
微生物 溶解氧Microorganism Dissolved oxygen
藻类 有毒物质Algae Toxic Substances
钱易院士——已不是一个局部的环境污染问题,而是一个影响大流域的环境问题Academician Qian Yi:It is not a local environmental pollution problem, but an environmental problem that affects the large watershed
对环境的影响Environmental impact
Problem
Analysis
Policies and measures
Evaluation and revision
watershed
二、相关法律法规及政策2. Relevant laws, regulations and policies
相关法律法规及政策Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies
中国政府高度重视包括养猪废水管理在内的畜禽养殖污染问题。近年来,相续出台
了十余项相关法律法规及政策,着力解决了以养猪废水处理在内的畜禽养殖污染防治问
题,有力提升了畜禽养殖污染防治技术及管理水平。
The Chinese government attaches great importance to the pollution of livestock andpoultry breeding, including pig wastewater management. In recent years, more than10 related laws, regulations and policies have been promulgated, aiming at controllingand solving the problems of wastewater, and effectively enhance the technical andmanagement level of pollution prevention and control of livestock and poultrybreeding.
相关法律法规及政策Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies
1 《中华人民共和国环境保护法》 Environmental Protection Law
2 《中华人民共和国畜牧法》(2015年修正)Stock-breeding Law of the People’s Republic
of China (2015 Amendment)
3 《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》(2008年修正)Water Pollution Prevention and Control
Law (2008 Amendment)
4 《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》(2013)Regulation on the Prevention and Control of
Pollution from Large-scale Breeding of
Livestock and Poultry (2013)
5 《水污染防治行动计划》(2015)Action Plan for Prevention and Control of
Water Pollution (2015)
6 《畜禽养殖业污染防治技术规范》(2001)Discharge Standard of Pollutants for
Livestock and Poultry Breeding (2001)
7 《畜禽养殖业污染治理工程技术规范》(2009)Technical Specification for Pollution
Treatment Project of Livestock and Poultry
Breeding (2009)
8 《畜禽养殖业污染防治技术政策》(2010)
9 《规模畜禽养殖场污染防治最佳可行技术指南(试行)》(2010)
Guideline on Best Available Technologies for
Pollution Prevention and Control of
Livestock and Poultry Farm (on Trial)(2010)
总体原则General principle
养殖场、养殖小区、定点屠宰企业等的选址、
建设和管理应当符合有关法律法规规定。The selection, construction and management of farms,
breeding areas and designated slaughtering enterprises shallcomply with the relevant laws and regulations.
《环境保护法》(2014)Environmental Protection Law
《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》(2008年修正)
Water Pollution
Prevention and Control
Law (2008 Amendment)
《中华人民共和国畜牧法》(2015年修正)
Stock-breeding Law of the People’s Republic
of China (2015 Amendment)
采取措施Take measures•从事畜禽养殖和屠宰的单位和个人应当采取措施
•Companies and individuals engaged in livestock and poultry breeding and slaughtering
科学处置Scientific disposal
• 对畜禽粪便、尸体和污水等废弃物进行科学处置
• Livestock manure, carcasses and sewage
保证设施正常运转Ensure the normal operation of facilities
• 保证畜禽粪便、废水及其他固体废弃物综合利用或者无害化处理设施的正常运转
• comprehensive utilization of livestock manure, waste water and other solid wastes
保证污染物达标排放reach the standard of discharge
防止污染环境prevent environmental pol
lution
…
第四十六条畜禽养殖场、养殖小区应当保证畜禽粪便、废水及其他固体废弃物综合利用或者无害
化处理设施的正常运转,保证污染物达标排放,防止污染环境。
畜禽养殖场、养殖小区违法排放畜禽粪便、废水及其他固体废弃物,造成环境污染危害的,应当
排除危害,依法赔偿损失。
国家支持畜禽养殖场、养殖小区建设畜禽粪便、废水及其他固体废弃物的综合利用设施。
《中华人民共和国畜牧法》(2015年修正)Stock-breeding Law of the People’s Republic of China (2015
Amendment)
相关法律法规及政策Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies
Article 46: A livestock or poultry farm or raising community shall ensure the normal running of the
comprehensive utilization or the other innocuous disposal facilities of the livestock or poultry dung,
wastewater and other solid wastes so as to make the dumped pollutants reach the relevant standards
and prevent them from polluting the environment.
Where a livestock or poultry farm or raising community illegally dumps any livestock or poultry dung,
wastewater and other solid wastes, if it causes any environmental pollution, it shall eliminate the pollution
and compensate the losses according to law.
The state supports the livestock or poultry farm or raising community to build comprehensive facilities
of utilization of the livestock or poultry dung, wastewater and other solid wastes.
第四十九条 国家支持畜禽养殖场、养殖小区建设畜禽粪便、废水的综合利用或者无害化
处理设施。
畜禽养殖场、养殖小区应当保证其畜禽粪便、废水的综合利用或者无害化处理设施正常运
转,保证污水达标排放,防止污染水环境。
Article 49: The state supports the livestock or poultry farm or raising community to build
comprehensive utilization or innocuous disposal facilities of the livestock or poultry dung and
wastewater.
A livestock or poultry farm or raising community shall ensure the normal running of the
comprehensive utilization or the other innocuous disposal facilities of the livestock or poultry dung,
wastewater and other solid wastes so as to make the treated wastewater reach the relevant standards
and prevent them from polluting the environment.
《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》(2008年修正)Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law (2008
Amendment)
相关法律法规及政策Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies
相关法律法规及政策Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies
《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》(2013)Regulation on the Prevention and Control of Pollution from
Large-scale Breeding of Livestock and Poultry (2013)
污染防治基本思路——
预防为主、防治结合 prevention first, combine prevention with control
统筹规划、合理布局 Reasonable layout planning and co-ordination
综合利用、激励引导 Comprehensive utilization and incentive guidance
——第三条 Article 3
相关法律法规及政策Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies
《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》(2013)Regulation on the Prevention and Control of Pollution from
Large-scale Breeding of Livestock and Poultry (2013)
畜禽养殖污染监管措施 Supervision measures——
• 畜禽养殖业发展规划应当统筹考虑环境承载能力以及畜禽养殖污染防治要求(第九条)
Livestock development planning should consider the overall environmental carrying capacity of livestock and poultry farming pollution prevention requirements——Article 9
• 政府制定畜禽养殖污染防治规划,明确目标、任务、要求(第十条)
The prevention and control plan of livestock pollution should be made by government, objectives, tasks and requirements should be clearly write——Article 10
• 划分禁养区、限养区(第十一条) Divided into prohibited areas, restricted areas——Article 11
• 项目环评,要求配套贮存设施,有综合利用设施或委托处置措施(第十二条)
Environmental impact assessment of the project:storage facilities, comprehensive utilization of facilities or commissioned disposal measures must be set——Article 12
• 污染物产排量登记备案(第二十二条) Pollution discharge registration——Article 22
• 环保部门加强监测和监督检查(第二十三条) Environmental protection departments: to strengthen monitoring and supervision and inspection——Article 23
相关法律法规及政策Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies
《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》(2013)Regulation on the Prevention and Control of Pollution from
Large-scale Breeding of Livestock and Poultry (2013)
畜禽养殖污染排放综合利用和治理 Comprehensive utilization and management——
• 支持粪肥还田、沼气处理(第十五条) Support manure returning and biogas treatment——Article 15
• 鼓励种养结合、就近就地消纳利用(第十六条) Encourage the combination of planting and breeding, and local utilization——Article 16
• 处理处置过程污染防治(第十九条) Pollution prevention during the treatment process——Article 19
• 还田利用不过量、还田肥料无害化(第十八条) Avoid excessive and fertilizer harmless in returning—
—Article 18
• 不经有效处理,污水不得排放。达标排放要合乎国家和地方标准,并不超过总量控制指标(第二
十条) No sewage allowed to be discharged without effective treatment. Emissions should be met with
national and local standards, and does not exceed the total control targets——Article 20
• 政府制定方案,整治散养密集区域(第二十四条)Government should make regulating plan of dense
free-range areas——Article 24
相关法律法规及政策Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies
《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》(2013)Regulation on the Prevention and Control of Pollution from
Large-scale Breeding of Livestock and Poultry (2013)
养猪废水鼓励措施 Encouragement measures of pig wastewater——
• 改造和治理可申请中央和地方农村环保及其他资金支持(第二十六、二十八条)Reconstruction and controlling can apply for central and local and other financial support——Article26,28
• 废弃物综合利用产品生产销售使用,享税收优惠等扶持政策(第二十九条)Comprehensive utilization of waste can enjoy preferential policies such as tax incentives——Article 29
• 有机肥运输和购买,享受不低于化肥的同类政策(第三十条)Organic fertilizer transportation and purchase, could enjoy preferential policies no less than fertilizer policy——Article 30
• 相关综合利用设备购置,税收优惠,用电按农业用电价格(第三十条)To purchase relevant comprehensive utilization of equipment, could enjoy tax incentives, and agricultural electricity prices——Article 30
• 自愿提高减排标准和要求,给予奖励(第三十四条)
Voluntary improving emission standards and requirements, should be rewarded——Article 34
(三)推进农业农村污染防治。防治畜禽养殖污染。现有规模化畜禽养殖场(小区)要根据污染
防治需要,配套建设粪便污水贮存、处理、利用设施。散养密集区要实行畜禽粪便污水分户收集、
集中处理利用。自2016年起,新建、改建、扩建规模化畜禽养殖场(小区)要实施雨污分流、粪
便污水资源化利用。(农业部牵头,环境保护部参与)
Boosting prevention and control of agricultural and rural pollution. To prevent and control livestock and
poultry farming pollution. Existing large-scale livestock and poultry farms (areas) should be equipped
with fecal sewage storing, treating and utilizing facilities according to pollution prevention and control
needs. Dense free-range areas should adopt collection, by households, and centralized treatment and
utilization of livestock excrements and sewage. Since 2016, rainfall and sewage shunting and resourceful
utilization of fecal sewage should be implemented in newly built, rebuilt and expanded large-scale
livestock and poultry farms (areas). (Led by Ministry of Agriculture and participated by Ministry of
Environmental Protection)
相关法律法规及政策Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies
《水污染防治行动计划》(2015)Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution
(2015)
相关法律法规及政策Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies
《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(2001)Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry
Breeding (2001)
Controlling
item
BOD5
(mg/L)
COD
(mg/L)
SS
(mg/L)
Ammonium
(mg/L)
TP
(mg/L)
Faecal
coliforms
(/100mL)
Ascaris
eggs (/L)
Discharge
standard150 400 200 80 8.0 1000 2.0
相关法律法规及政策Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies
《畜禽养殖业污染治理工程技术规范》(2009)Technical Specification for Pollution Treatment Project of
Livestock and Poultry Breeding (2009)
规范对畜禽养殖废水从预处理、厌氧生物处理、好氧生物处理、自然处
理、消毒等工艺进行了规定。
The technical specification makes requirements of livestock and poultry
breeding wastewater, including pretreatment, anaerobic biological treatment,
aerobic biological treatment, natural treatment, disinfection and other
processes.
相关法律法规及政策Relevant Laws, Regulations and Policies
《畜禽养殖业污染治理工程技术规范》(2009)Technical Specification for Pollution Treatment Project of
Livestock and Poultry Breeding (2009)
养猪废水的处理一般采用“预处理——厌氧生化处理——好氧生化处理——深度处理”Pig wastewater treatment is generally used:"Pretreatment——anaerobic biochemical treatment——aerobic biochemical
treatment——advanced treatment"
Waste water
Grille
Sink sand pool
anaerobic reactor
Biogas purification
Gas storage tank
Biogas use
Biogas residueCompost
Biogas slurry storage tank
Biogas slurry using system
Fertilization or other uses
Wastewater &biogas slurry Manure & biogas residue
模式1 Mode 1
Biogas
Storage shed
Wastewater
Grille
ManureCompost
Sink sand pool
Solid-liquid separation equipment
Manure residue
Wastewater &biogas slurry Manure & biogas residue
模式2 Mode 2
Biogas
Biogas residue
Hydrolytic acidification tank anaerobic reactor
Biogas slurry storage tank
Biogas slurry using system
Fertilization or other uses
Biogas purification
Gas storage tank
Biogas use
Wastewater &biogas slurry Manure & biogas residue Biogas
模式3 Mode 3
Storage shed
Wastewater
ManureCompost
Grille
Sink sand pool
Solid-liquid separation equipment
Hydrolytic acidification tank
Manure residue
anaerobic reactor
Biogas purification
Gas storage tank Biogas use
Biogas residueDistributionreservoir
Aerobic treatment system
Natural treatment system
Disinfection
Discharge or irrigation
三、典型案例3. Representative Cases
典型案例 (Representative Cases)
案例一:嘉兴市农村污水“三水合一”治理模式Case 1: “3 in 1” wastewater treatment mode of rural wastewater in Jiaxing City
2011年,嘉兴市平湖市曹桥街道选择生猪养殖相对集中的三个重点村的部
分自然村开展“三水合一”综合治理,将养殖户的厨房、生活以及畜禽污水通
过集中管网排到沼气池进行发酵处理。三个重点村207户生猪散养户共建造沼
气池2484立方米。通过“三水合一”整治,进一步拓展了畜禽养殖业污染治理
覆盖面,使原来相对分散的生猪散养户产生的养猪废水得到了有效处理,改善
了周边的水环境。
Kitchen, living and livestock wastewater
pipelines
Biogas digester
3 villages, 207 families 2484 Cubic metre
the surrounding water environment be improved
案例二:黑龙江丹青诺和牧业公司液体粪肥还田示范项目Case 2: Demonstration project of liquid manure application to field of
Danqing Nuohe Animal husbandry Ltd., Heilongjiang Provence.
公司引进丹麦技术,在庆源猪场建设中丹合作液体粪污还田项目。项目分两部分内
容:一是政府投资150万元建设环保密闭式存储池,存储容量6000立方米,每年可容纳
1.2万立方液体粪污;二是引进丹麦高效液体粪肥施肥机,在春季播种前及秋整地时节,
将存储的液态猪粪肥全量精准还田。从目前运行来看,每亩地运行成本200元左右,经济
半径10公里,10-50公里每吨加10元成本。
储粪池 (manure storage tank) 施肥车(liquid manure distributor)
典型案例 (Representative Cases)
• Danish Technology • Liquid manure returning • 1.5 million RMB
• Sealed storage pool
• 6000 m3, Annual capacity
of 12 thousand cubic
meters of liquid manure
• Operating costs 200 yuan
Sun Feixiang (孙飞翔)Add: No.1, Yuhuinanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P.R.ChinaE-mail: [email protected]: +86-10-84665303 Fax: +86-10-84630907Mob: 13220177058
谢 谢!Thanks for your attention!