Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
PRINCIPLES OF SOLAR CONTROL
Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof. Dr.-Ing.Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof. Dr.-Ing.Green Building Research & DevelopmentDüsseldorf, Germanywww.greenbuilding-rd.com
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Survey
1. Objrectives
2. Fixed Systems2. Fixed Systems
3. Movable Systems
4. Photovoltaic shading systems
5. Literature
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
1. Objectives
Thermal solar control
• Comfort: Max. room temperature, e.g. 26°C
• Cooling loads: Reduction of energy consuption• Cooling loads: Reduction of energy consuption
Glare control
• Direct glare
• Contrasts
• Max. luminance for surrounding of monitors
Devices for thermal solar and glare control need no t be identical
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
750
1000
Stu
nden
/Jah
r
t-air Arcade LW = 4 Sonnensch. Außen
t-air Arcade LW = 7 Sonnensch. Außen
t-air Arcade LW = 12 Sonnensch. Außen
t-air Arcade LW = 7 Sonnensch. Innen
t-air Arcade LW = 12 Sonnensch. Innen
Evaluation of thermal comfort
Example office room: Hours per year exceeding comfo rt temperatures
Simulation by TRNSYS
0
250
500
>22 >23 >24 >25 >26 >27 >28 >29 >30 >31 >32 >33 >34 >35
Temperaturüberschreitung [°C]
Stu
nden
/Jah
r
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Influences on solar control
Solar heat gain coefficient of glazing (g) } g
Efficiency of shading device:
shading coefficient (Fc)
Window / facade ratio
Frame / glass ratio
AF
AR
AG
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
2. Fixed systems
• Solar protective glass
• Fixed shading facility
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Solar protective glass
• Absorbing glass
• Reflecting glass
• Selectively reflecting glass• Selectively reflecting glass
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Intensity ditribution of solar spectrum
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Absorbing glass
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Reflecting glass
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Selektively reflecting glassRatio: Light transmission / Solar heat gain coefficient
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Reflecting glass
Hongkong
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Reflecting glassBank of China, Hongkong (Architekt: I.M. Pei)
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Selektively reflecting glassSparkasse Düsseldorf
(Architekt: Ingenhoven)
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Fixed shading
Position and tilt according to geographical latitud e and orientation:
South orientation: Horizontal position
East- / west orietation: Vertical postion
Flat roof: Grid (Eggcrate)
Adbvantages CostsDisadvantages View out, daylighting, transition times
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Definition of shading angle
• Solar diagramme
• Shading diagramme
• Scale model under artificial or real sky
• CAD shading programmes for certain solar positions
• Light simulation programmes with raytracer (Radianc e)
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Comparison of systems in solar diagramme
Solar protective glass Horizonally fixed lamella
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Verschattungsdiagramm
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Shading diagramme
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Fixed shadingFH Wismar, south facade
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Fixed shadingFH Wismar, south facade
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Fixed shadingFH Wismar, roof lights
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
3. Changeable, movable systems
• switchable glass
• Movable shading devices
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Switchable glass
Types
• electrochrom, gasochrom
(arbitrary switching)
• thermochrom
(temperature depending)
• thermotrop• thermotrop
(look through / light scattering)
Advantages
• slim
• weather resistant
Disadvantages
• Costs
• additional glare protection
• Poor coulor reproduction?
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Movable shading systems
Types
• Louvers
• Large lamellas (rotating)
• Rollerblind, Markises
Orientation
• South horizontal Systems• South horizontal Systems
• East/West vertikal lamellas, roller blinds
• Flat roof horizontal Roller blinds, Lamellas
Position
• external
• gap of double glass unit (louvers, Roller blind)
• inside (unefficient)
Material
• opaque / partly transparent
• wood, metal, glass, synthetic, fabric
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Advanteges• Adaption to climate and light conditions
Disadvanteges• costs
• not weather resistant in external position
Movable shading systems
• not weather resistant in external position
• limited view outside
• unefficient solar control inside
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Jalousie (raff- und drehbare)
External shading systems
Markise (tilted)
Großlamellen (drehbare)
Louvers
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Gliederung
Aufgaben
Veränderbare SystemeJalousien
Aufgaben
Unveränderbare Systeme
Veränderbare Systeme
Beleuchtung bei Sonnen- und Blendschutz
Literatur
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Louvers in gap of glazing
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Internal shading devices
• unefficient solar control (Fc < 0,50)
• glare control in combination with additional solar control system
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Internal shading combined with solar protective gla ssExample Vancouver
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
4. Photovoltaik shading systems
Lehrter Bahnhof, BerlinArchitect: Gerkan, Marg und Partner
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Forschungszentrum Jülich
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Stadtwerke AachenErste Integrierte PV-Fassade (ca. 1993)
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
Brundtland Center, Toftlund (DK)Architekt: KHR AS Arkitekter
Principles of Solar Control, 19.06.2012Helmut F.O. Müller, Prof.- Dr.- Ing., Green Building R esearch & Development, Düsseldorf
5. LITERATURE
[1] Müller, H.F.O; Nolte, C.; Pasquay, T.Die Mittel aktiv zu seinin: Die Klimaaktive FassadeVerlag Alexander Koch, Leinfelden (1999)
[2] Heusler, W.; Müller, H.F.O.Solarstrahlung und Tageslichtin: Doppelfassaden
[5] Koenigsberger, Ingersoll, Mayhew, SzokolayManual of Tropical Housing and BuildingPart 1 Climatic DesignLongman Group Ltd, London (1973)
[6] Eggenstein, FrankSimulation des optischen Verhaltensin: Doppelfassaden
Ernst & Sohn Verlag, Berlin (2001)
[3] Kischkoweit-Lopin, M.; Müller, H.F.O.Architektur auf der SonnenspurHEW Hamburgische Electricitätswerke AG (1997)
[4] Müller, H.F.O.Bedeutung der Tageslichtbeleuchtung fürdas Raumklima und den Energieverbrauchin: Bauphysik, Berichte aus Forschung und PraxisFraunhofer IRB Verlag, Stuttgart (1998)
von TageslichtlenksystemenDiplomarbeit Universität Dortmund (2002)