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Laman Web : portal.aelb.gov.my/sites/aelb
PRINSIP PERLINDUNGAN SINARAN
PUSAT PENGURUSAN TINDAKBALAS NUCLEAR KEBANGSAAN
LEMBAGA PERLESENAN TENAGA ATOM
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KANDUNGAN
1. Pengenalan Sinaran
2. Prinsip Pelindungan Sinaran
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Laman Web : portal.aelb.gov.my/sites/aelb
PENGENALAN SINARAN
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SINARAN
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SUMBER SINARAN
Semulajadi Buatan
Udara
MakananTanah, tumbuhan
Ruang angkasa Industri Perubatan
Bom Nuklear
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PUNCA SINARAN
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Laman Web : portal.aelb.gov.my/sites/aelb
PRINSIP PERLINDUNGAN SINARAN
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AKTA PERLESENAN TENAGA ATOM 1984 (AKTA 304)
BahagianV – Kesihatan dan Keselamatan
Sek.25
Pemegang lesen perlu mematuhi arahan yang dikeluarkan oleh AELB bagiperlindungan kesihatan dan keselamatan pekerja dan orang lain dari sinaranmengion;
Pemegang lesen dikehendaki menyediakan
Alat pengawasan personel kepada pekerja sinaran;
Menyimpan rekod dedahan dos pekerja sinaran;
Menggunakan alat pengawasan kawasan;
Menyediakan pemeriksaan perubatan kepada pekerja sinaran.
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PERATURAN-PERATURAN PERLESENAN TENAGA ATOM (PERLINDUNGAN SINARAN
KESELAMATAN ASAS) 2010
Bahagian II – Sistem Perlindungan Sinaran
Per.4
Justifikasi Amalan
Per.5
Pengoptimuman Perlindungan dan Keselamatan
Per.6 – 11
Had Dos Tahunan
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PERATURAN-PERATURAN PERLESENAN TENAGA ATOM (PERLINDUNGAN SINARAN
KESELAMATAN ASAS) 2010
BahagianV – Dedahan Orang Awam
Perlindungan terhadap dedahan kepada orang awam
Per. 59 (1):
Pemegang lesen hendaklah bertanggungjawab
(a) mewujudkan, melaksanakan dan menyenggarakan polisi
perlindungan dan keselamatan, tatacara dan perkiraan organisasi
yang berhubungan dengan orang awam;
(b) mengoptimumkan perlindungan dan mengehadkan dedahan biasa
terhadap kumpulan genting yang berkaitan;
(c) langkah bagi memastikan keselamatan sumber sinaran itu;
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PERATURAN-PERATURAN PERLESENAN TENAGA ATOM (PERLINDUNGAN SINARAN
KESELAMATAN ASAS) 2010
(d) latihan perlindungan dan keselamatan yang sesuai dan latihan
semula bagi pekerja yang terlibat dalam perlindungan orang awam;
(e) kelengkapan pemantauan dan program pengawasan yang sesuai
untuk menilai dedahan orang awam;
(f) menyimpan dan menyenggarakan rekod pengawasan dan
pemantauan yang mencukupi; dan
(g) pelan atau tatacara kecemasan, yang setara dengan jenis dan
magnitud risiko yang terlibat dan bersiap sedia untuk digerakkan
sebagaimana yang ditentukan oleh pihak berkuasa yang berkenaan.
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ALARA
As Low As Reasonably AchievablePrinsip asas keselamatan sinaran bertujuan meminimumkan penerimaan dos sama ada terancang atau tidak
Bagaimana???
Jauhkan jarak, mengurangkan masa dedahan, barang penghadang sinaran
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Kawalan Dedahan Luar
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Jenis bahan penyerap yang digunakan dan
ketebalannya bagi mengurangkan dos sinaran
bergantung kepada :
Perisaian
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Semakin singkat masa apabila
mengendalikan sumber sinaran, semakin
kurang dedahan sinaran luar yang diterima
Masa
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Semakin jauh
jarak semasa
mengendalikan
sumber sinaran,
semakin kurang
jumlah dedahan
sinaran yang diterima
Jarak
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17
SIMBOL SINARAN
AWAS
SINARAN
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Laman Web : portal.aelb.gov.my/sites/aelb
KESAN SINARAN TERHADAP SISTEM BIOLOGI MANUSIA
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SISTEM TUBUH BADAN
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Peraturan-peraturan Perlindungan Sinaran (Standard Keselamatan Asas) 2010
Pekerja
20 mSv/tahun
Orang Awam
1 mSv/tahun
Had Dos Tahunan
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100 mSv – tiada kesan serta merta
1000 mSv – pening/loya
5000 mSv – 50% kematian
10 000 mSv – 100% kematian
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Kesan Determinstik
Kesan
Stokastik
Kesan Somatik Kesan Genetik
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Atomic Energy Licensing Board
Kesan lansung.Tiada aras ambang.
Berlaku pada dedahan sinaran yang tinggi.Contoh: radang kulit dan katarak.
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Kesan tertangguh.Tiada kesan ambang.Berlaku bergantung kepada jumlah dos sinaran.Contoh: kanser dan leukemia.
Kesan Somatik:
Penerima
Kesan Genetik:
Waris Penerima
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KESAN SINARAN
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KEMALANGAN/KEJADIAN SINARAN
Early
erythema (5
days)
11 days later
Desquamation
(21 days)
Radiation
Burn on the
Skin (Industrial
radiography source,
Ir-192 185 GBq; 5
Curie, 2 hrs)
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Kehilangan Punca Radioaktif daripada Projektor Gama 0.3 TBq Ir-192
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Unauthorized removal
of a 60Co source -
dismantled for scrap
10 people highly
exposed - 3 of whom
died
Thailand
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KEMALANGAN/KEJADIAN SINARAN
1987 Goiania, Brazil - 19 days after irradiation
of Cs-137 (Teletherapy unit)1989 San Salvador - 26 Days after exposed with
Co-60 (Irradiation Facility)
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Terimakasih
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