Download - Procesni vidik informatike
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Procesni vidik informatike -tehnologije, okvirji, upravljanje
Dr. Gregor Polančič
INFOSEK 2016
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Tema predstavitve:
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IT je kompleksen
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Zato pazimo, da …
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IT podjetja potrebuje
upravljanje
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Kako upravljati IT?
„No institution can possibly survive if it needs geniuses or supermen to manage it. It must be organized in such a way as to be able to get along under a leadership composed of average human beings.“ [Peter F. Drucker]
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Sodobni pristopi upravljanja temeljijo na poslovnihprocesih. Spoznajmo jih.
„IT is complex, IT management doesn‘ t need to be!“
Rešitev za upravljanje IT …
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Kaj je poslovni proces?
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Iz vidika organizacije so procesi …
ITIL Lifecycle Suite: “ITIL Service Strategy” , “ITIL Service Design” , “ITIL Service Transition” , “ITIL Service Operation” , “ITIL Continual Service Improvement.” London: TSO, 2011.
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Iz vidika zasnove so procesi …
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Procesi morajo biti upravljani …
• Z merjenjem, nadzorovanjem in analiziranjem poslovnih procesov• lahko podjetje dostavlja konsistentne izdelke / storitve,
• Je vzpostavljena osnova za izboljšave procesa.
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… in nenehno izboljševani
• Procesi predstavljajo zmogljivosti podjetja potrebno jih je razvijati.
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… evolucijsko
"The light bulb wasn’t invented by continuously improving the
candle…"
… in včasih tudi revolucijsko.
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Kakšna je vloga IT okvirjev?
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Primer: COBIT 5
Information Systems Audit and Control Association, Ed., COBIT 5: enabling processes. Rolling Meadows,Ill: ISACA, 2012.
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Primer: COBIT 5
• Zunanja priporočila• Vplivi na IT podjetja• Vplivi na poslovanje• Vplivi na deležnike
• Notranja priporočila• Dobre prakse• Cilji in metrike• Odgovornosti• Odvisnosti
(informacijske, procesne, …)
• Aktivnosti
Provide a structured approach
to ensure optimal structuring,
placement, decision rights and
skills of human resources.
Information Systems Audit and Control Association, Ed., COBIT 5: enabling processes. Rolling Meadows,Ill: ISACA, 2012.
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Kakšna pa je vloga IT v procesih?
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IT je ključni „enabler“
Izdelek / storitev
Procesi so neotipljive (informacijske) dobrine
×Informacijske tehnologije
„upravljajo“ (hranijo, spreminjajo, prenašajo)
informacije
podpirajo
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IT za podporo poslovnim procesom
Procesna komunikacija Procesna avtomatizacija+
podpora upravljanju
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Zakaj potrebujemo procesno komunikacijo?
Kakšen jezik uporabiti za procesno komunikacijo? Takšen ki omogoči uspešno in učinkovito komuniciranje.
Natančen, popolni, standardiziran, enostaven, …
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Komunikacija z BPMN 2.0
• BPMN 2.0 zagotavlja grafično notacijo za izdelavo diagramov poslovnih procesov.
Grafična notacija
Grafičen slovar
Grafična slovnica
Grafična semantika
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BPMN 2.0 Slovar (grafičnih) elementov
Grafična notacija
Grafičen slovar
Grafična slovnica
Grafična semantika
Task
Sub Process
Data Store Pool
Vsi BPMN elementi niso grafični!
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„Slovar“ BPMN 2.0
None
Message
Timer
Error
Escalation
Cancel
Compen-sation
Conditional
Link
Signal
Terminate
Multiple
Multiple paralel
Start Intermediate
EndEvent sub-pr. Boundary
Inter.Non-inter.
Inter.Non. Inter.
Catching
Throwing
User Task
Send Task
Rule
Task
Service Task
Receive Task
Script
Standard Loop
Parallel multiple
instance
Sequential multiple
instance
Compensation
Ad-hoc
Global (call) Activity
Sub Process (collapsed)
Event-based Sub Process
Transaction
Sub Process (expanded)
Task Task
Manual Task ExclusiveXOR
InclusiveOR
Parallel
Event based
Exclusive Event-based
start
Parallel Event-based
start
Complex
Annotation
Group
Documentation
Sequence flow
Default flow
Conditional flow
Message flow
Association
Directed/data association
Data object
Data store
Message
Data input
Collection
Data output
Initiatingmessage
Pool
Lane Lane Lane
Full class
Analytical class
Descriptive class
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BPMN 2.0 Slovnica elementov
Grafična notacija
Grafičen slovar
Grafična slovnica
Grafična semantika
Task
Data Store
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BPMN 2.0 Semantika elementov
Grafična notacija
Grafičen slovar
Grafična slovnica
Grafična semantika
The Complex Gateway can be used to model complex synchronization behavior. An Expression
activationCondition is used to describe the precise behavior. For example, this Expression
could specify that tokens on three out of five incoming Sequence Flows are needed to activate the
Gateway. What tokens are produced by the Gateway is determined by conditions on the outgoing
Sequence Flows as in the split behavior of the Inclusive Gateway. If tokens arrive later on the two
remaining Sequence Flows, those tokens cause a reset of the Gateway and new token can be
produced on the outgoing Sequence Flows. To determine whether it needs to wait for additional
tokens before it can reset, the Gateway uses the synchronization semantics of the Inclusive Gateway.
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BPMN 2.0 diagram
Grafična notacija
Grafičen slovar
Grafična slovnica
Grafična semantika
BPMN 2.0 diagram
Izražen v
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Zakaj potrebujemo procesno avtomatizacijo?
Kreativnost, prilagodljivost, … Hitrost, stroški, konsistentnost, …
Določene procese / dele procesa je smiselno avtomatizirati.
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„Drobovje“ BPMN 2.0
UML pogled XML pogled
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Idealen postopek uporabe BPMN 2.0
Poslovni procesDiagram
poslovnega procesa
Izvajalni model poslovnega
procesa
Izvajanje primerkov
poslovnega procesa
Poslovni procesi se izvajajo v vseh organizacijah. Nekatere se tega zavedajo.
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Idealen postopek uporabe BPMN 2.0
Poslovni procesDiagram
poslovnega procesa
Izvajalni model poslovnega
procesa
Izvajanje primerkov
poslovnega procesa
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Idealen postopek uporabe BPMN 2.0
Poslovni procesDiagram
poslovnega procesa
Izvajalni model poslovnega
procesa
Izvajanje primerkov
poslovnega procesa
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><definitionsxmlns="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:omgdc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:omgdi="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" xmlns:signavio="http://www.signavio.com" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" exporter="Signavio Process Editor, http://www.signavio.com" exporterVersion="10.3.0" expressionLanguage="http://www.w3.org/TR/XPath" id="sid-092952e6-16c4-44da-8e34-0736f470f861" targetNamespace="http://www.omg.org/bpmn20" typeLanguage="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/20100501/BPMN20.xsd"> <error id="sid-98eff9bb-ff64-4496-9fc3-70045b407293"/> <collaboration id="sid-737fef01-3b1f-41db-8b84-f1abf99cfe0c"> <participant id="sid-D1BE8D14-7FC8-4FA6-A40B-D9277E25212F" name="Expert" processRef="sid-c8b38704-80ed-4cf1-acef-34687b74e466"> <extensionElements> <signavio:signavioMetaData metaKey="bgcolor" metaValue="#FFCC99"/> </extensionElements> </participant> <participant id="sid-0FD698D5-7D4C-4095-AE4B-1DF0FA8D3CEC" name="Help desk center employee" processRef="sid-09fd36c3-5a76-47f2-8f6f-ecbd1c2d976e"> <extensionElements> <signavio:signavioMetaData metaKey="bgcolor" metaValue="#CCFFFF"/> </extensionElements> </participant> <participant id="sid-C080CE19-21AA-483A-804F-5868C42186E5" name="Customer" processRef="sid-b3c11368-68c0-4db3-8115-f9de76f5f6d7"> <extensionElements> <signavio:signavioMetaData metaKey="bgcolor" metaValue="#CCFFCC"/> </extensionElements> </participant> <messageFlow id="sid-8CF8DED2-54C5-4871-8505-FCEAD3F44670" name="Answer" sourceRef="sid-6D305DBA-7120-4393-ADE6-863F18D3F858" targetRef="sid-7B62F5F0-3D7B-40D0-822C-707435F59A73"/> <messageFlow id="sid-CABE224B-0C63-4983-B719-5292E6D2D3BB" name="Question" sourceRef="sid-9E02A807-24FD-48B8-ACFA-78046D6FF7F8" targetRef="sid-9427FFDF-F227-4801-9D8C-37E55AD8262C"/> <messageFlow id="sid-BCAADF17-AE0C-483E-961E-788B7D8D8075" name="Question" sourceRef="sid-95960C9F-8745-421F-A027-FF0B9FBF72B0" targetRef="sid-4F9F304C-5128-4522-8F75-EFE36ED906BE"/> <messageFlow id="sid-8B8F026C-8EED-4F19-8FC2-599A672AF99B" name="Answer" sourceRef="sid-CDFB2DAA-57FB-4413-A1A6-EBB301B43DD1" targetRef="sid-C85DFEAA-3436-4D17-BD99-745238123C4E"/> </collaboration>
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Idealen postopek uporabe BPMN 2.0
Poslovni procesDiagram
poslovnega procesa
Izvajalni model poslovnega
procesa
Izvajanje primerkov
poslovnega procesa
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><definitionsxmlns="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:omgdc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:omgdi="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" xmlns:signavio="http://www.signavio.com" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" exporter="Signavio Process Editor, http://www.signavio.com" exporterVersion="10.3.0" expressionLanguage="http://www.w3.org/TR/XPath" id="sid-092952e6-16c4-44da-8e34-0736f470f861" targetNamespace="http://www.omg.org/bpmn20" typeLanguage="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/20100501/BPMN20.xsd"> <error id="sid-98eff9bb-ff64-4496-9fc3-70045b407293"/> <collaboration id="sid-737fef01-3b1f-41db-8b84-f1abf99cfe0c"> <participant id="sid-D1BE8D14-7FC8-4FA6-A40B-D9277E25212F" name="Expert" processRef="sid-c8b38704-80ed-4cf1-acef-34687b74e466"> <extensionElements> <signavio:signavioMetaData metaKey="bgcolor" metaValue="#FFCC99"/> </extensionElements> </participant> <participant id="sid-0FD698D5-7D4C-4095-AE4B-1DF0FA8D3CEC" name="Help desk center employee" processRef="sid-09fd36c3-5a76-47f2-8f6f-ecbd1c2d976e"> <extensionElements> <signavio:signavioMetaData metaKey="bgcolor" metaValue="#CCFFFF"/> </extensionElements> </participant> <participant id="sid-C080CE19-21AA-483A-804F-5868C42186E5" name="Customer" processRef="sid-b3c11368-68c0-4db3-8115-f9de76f5f6d7"> <extensionElements> <signavio:signavioMetaData metaKey="bgcolor" metaValue="#CCFFCC"/> </extensionElements> </participant> <messageFlow id="sid-8CF8DED2-54C5-4871-8505-FCEAD3F44670" name="Answer" sourceRef="sid-6D305DBA-7120-4393-ADE6-863F18D3F858" targetRef="sid-7B62F5F0-3D7B-40D0-822C-707435F59A73"/> <messageFlow id="sid-CABE224B-0C63-4983-B719-5292E6D2D3BB" name="Question" sourceRef="sid-9E02A807-24FD-48B8-ACFA-78046D6FF7F8" targetRef="sid-9427FFDF-F227-4801-9D8C-37E55AD8262C"/> <messageFlow id="sid-BCAADF17-AE0C-483E-961E-788B7D8D8075" name="Question" sourceRef="sid-95960C9F-8745-421F-A027-FF0B9FBF72B0" targetRef="sid-4F9F304C-5128-4522-8F75-EFE36ED906BE"/> <messageFlow id="sid-8B8F026C-8EED-4F19-8FC2-599A672AF99B" name="Answer" sourceRef="sid-CDFB2DAA-57FB-4413-A1A6-EBB301B43DD1" targetRef="sid-C85DFEAA-3436-4D17-BD99-745238123C4E"/> </collaboration>
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Zaključek
• Poslovni procesi se izvajajo v vseh organizacijah. Nekatere se tega zavedajo.
• Organizacije, ki se zavedajo poslovnih procesov lahko „PDCA“.
• Procesni IT okvirji pomagajo standardizirati procese, minimizirati tveganja, optimizirati porabo virov in povečati donosnost.
• IT je ključni „enabler“ uspešnega upravljanja s poslovnimi procesi.
• BPMN 2.0 je de-facto in ISO standard za procesno komunikacijo in avtomatizacijo.• Uveljavljen na področju diagramske tehnike.• Številne rešitve za neposredno procesno avtomatizacijo.