Quantitative Chemical Analysis
Seventh Edition
Quantitative Chemical Analysis
Seventh Edition
Chapter 19-21Atomic spectroscopy
Applications
Copyright © 2007 by W. H. Freeman and Company
Daniel C. HarrisDaniel C. Harris
Light has:• Intensity• Color (wavelength)• Polarization
E = h ν
o
The fraction of atoms in the excited state is still less than 0.02%,but that fraction has increased by 100(1.74 – 1.67)/1.67 = 4%
The fraction of atoms in the ground state is still more than 99.98%,and that fraction has increased by 100x7x10-6/.9998 = 7x10-4%
Linewidth
ATR
ATR
ATR
ATR
Fourier transform IR
Fourier transform IR
Electromagnetic RadiationPolarization
Unpolarized light
Polarization
Polarized lightPolarization
Polarizing sun glasses reduce glare of polarized reflections from surfaces
Polarization
Polarization
(b)
Polarization
Mirror image of handPolarization
Optical Isomer and Interaction with LightEnatiomers rotate the plane of polarized light.Enatiomers rotate the plane of polarized light.
Dextrorotatory- “d” isomer Dextrorotatory- “d” isomer Complex which rotates plane of polarized light to the Complex which rotates plane of polarized light to the right.right.
Levorotatory- “l” isomerLevorotatory- “l” isomerComplex which rotates plane of polarized light to the left.Complex which rotates plane of polarized light to the left.
Chiral molecules are optically active because effect on Chiral molecules are optically active because effect on lightlight
Polarization
Polarization