Download - Reinassance: Architecture
THE RENAISSANCE: ARCHITECTURE
María Jesús Camposlearningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
HISTORICAL CONTEXT Independent Italian
States Bourgeoisie:
traders, bankers Rome as the centre
of Christianity Patronage
RENAISSANCE: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Revival of Classical Greek and
Roman Culture Anthropocentrism: Humans
became the centre of philosophical and artistic reflection
Rationalism and critical thinking: explain the world through science and rational thinking (end of theocentrism)
Importance of knowledge: intellectual curiosity, new techniques
Desire to create order, proportion and harmony.
Use of math and rationality: scale and proportion
CHRONOLOGY Trecento (14th century): evolution and remains
from Gothic style Quattrocento (15th century): harmony and
proportion Cinquecento (16th century): Mannerism (from 1530 till the Baroque):
dramatic effects, harmony and proportion are abandoned…
ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE
Harmony, simplicity. Ideal scale and proportion:
symmetrical buildings with evenly distributed parts. Harmony between horizontal and vertical elements.
Open, diaphanous spaces Peace and pleasure.
Optimism Materials:
Stone Marble Brick
Supporting elements: Columns Pillars
Sustained elements: Beams Lintels Architrave Domes Semi-circular arches (romanesque) Coffered ceilings
Decorations: Triangular pediments Friezes Geometric degsigns Scrolls
Plans: open spaces Longitudinal and central-plan
(cirulcar, square, Greek cross)
SUSTAINING ELEMENTS: COLUMNS Parts of the column:
Stereobate Stylobate Shaft Capital Entablature:
Architrave Frieze
Pediment Cornice
Used Greek and Roman Orders: Doric Ionic Corinthian Tuscan and Composite
Doric Order• Simple. • No base. • Plain capital• The shaft is wider at the
bottom that at the top. • The shaft has got 20 sides. • The capital is smooth.• The capital is composed of 2
pieces: • Equine• Abacus
• The architrave is smooth• The frieze is organized in
trighlyps and metopes.• Metopes have reliefs
Greek Art Examples
Ionian Order• Base• Capital made with two
scrolls• The shaft is wider at
the bottom that at the top.
• The architrave is divided into three stripes or bands
Greek Art Examples
Corinthian Order• Base• Capital made with acanthus
leaves and some small scrolls
• Entablature enriched by molds and decorative elements.
Greek Art Examples
Greek Art Examples
Architrave
Lintel
Arch
SUSTAINED ELEMENTS Beams Lintels Architrave Domes Semi-circular arches (romanesque) Coffered ceilings
Beams
Coffered ceilings
Domes
Vaults Barrel Vault: semicircular vault unbroken
by ribs Groin vault: vault formed by intersection
of two vaults
San Andrés de Mantua. Alberti San Andrés de Mantua. Alberti
Basílica de Sta María de los Ángeles y de los Mártires. Roma. Miguel Ángel
Basílica de San Lorenzo. Florencia. Brunelleschi
PLANS A square,
symmetrical appearance in which proportions are usually based on a module which is often the width of the aisle
Basilica of Saint Andrea, Mantua. By
Alberti
DECORATIONS
Rusticated ashlar masonry
Highly finnished ashlar masonry
TYPES OF BUILDINGS Religious buildings: Churches Civil Architecture:
Urban Palaces Town Halls Squares Hospitals Theatres…
Harmony, simplicity.Ideal scale and proportion:
Brunelleschi: Capilla PazziAlberti: Santa María Novella
(Firenze, 15th century)
Brunelleschi: Palazzo Pitti
Brunelleschi: Capilla Pazzi
Alberti: Santa María Novella (Firenze, 15th century)
Brunelleschi: Palazzo Pitti
Open, diaphanous spaces
Brunelleschi: Capilla PazziAlberti: Santa María Novella
(Firenze, 15th century)
Brunelleschi: Palazzo Pitti
BRUNELLESCHI: CÚPULA DE SANTA Mª DEI FIORE
BRUNELLESCHI: SAN LORENZO
ALBERTI: PALACIO RUCELLAI
ALBERTI: TEMPLO MALATESTIANO
BRUNELLESCHI: HOSPITAL DE LOS INOCENTES
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