Download - Reverse Osmosis System Farid
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Reverse Osmosis SystemPresented by : Ach Farid Wadjdi
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3P
Purpose :
To share & discuss Reverse Osmosis (RO) application
Process :
Presentation & discussion
Pay Off :
Better understanding for RO system, Monitoring, Control, and Services.
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AGENDA
Reverse Osmosis Overview Reverse Osmosis Monitoring Membrane Problem Profiling and Probing Membrane Cleaning Activity
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Reverse Osmosis Overview
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U ltra filtra tion
M icro filtra tion
C la rifica tion
F iltra tion C h lo rina tion
S uspended P a rtic lesC o llo d ia l m a tte r
O rg a n ics , F e & M nB io fo rm s
E le c tro d ia lys is
Evapo ra tion
A ctiva ted C a rbon
R eve rse O sm osis
Ion E xchange
D isso lved ionsH a rd n e ssa lk a lin ity
O rg a n ics & R e s .C l2
D ecarbona tion
C hem ica l Scaveng ing
D eaera tion
D isso lved G asesC O 2O 2
H 2 S , N H 3
C ontam inants
Contaminant in Water
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RO OVERVIEW
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Osmotic Pressure
High LowSemi-
permeable membrane
OSMOSIS
Applied Pressure
REVERSE OSMOSIS
High Low
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Microfiltration Ultrafiltration Nanofiltration Reverse Osmosis
Range Macro molecular Molecular Sub molecular Ionic
Particle size 1.0 - 0.1 mm 0.1 - 0.01 mm 0.01 - 0.001 mm <0.001 mm
Removes Suspended solids,Large colloids,Bacteria
Proteins,Colloids,Organics
Pyrogens,Divalent ionsVirus
Small Organics,Metals,Salts
MolecularWeight
>100,000 10,000 - 100,000 200 - 20,000 <300
OperatingPressure
10 psig 10 - 100 psig 200 -250 psig 200 - 800 psig
PretreatmentNeeds
Medium Medium High High
Capital Cost Medium Medium High High
Membrane Filtration
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Semipermiable Membrane
Thin Film Composite (98% of Industrial market)
Cellulose Acetate Polysulfone
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Celluloseacetate
Thin filmcomposite
Typical pH range 5.0-6.5 2.0-11.0
Average % rejection 95% 99%
Microbio susceptibility Yes No
Temperature limit 35°C 45° C
Chlorine tolerance Excellent Poor
Typical operatingpressure
400 psig 200 psig
Membrane Comparisons
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RO System
Train
Pressure Vessel
Stage 2
Stage 1
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Reverse Osmosis Monitoring
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Point of Monitoring
RO MEMBRANE
PERMEATE
REJECT
HIGHPRESSUREPUMP
FEEDWATER
SDI, FeedPressure
Feed Flow Rate, pH,Conductivity, Turbidity,Temperature, Oxydants, and Biocide (TFC elements) Reject
Pressure
Reject Flow Rate,Conductivity
Permeate Flow Rate,Conductivity, PermeatePressure, and Biocide (CA and TFC elements)
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1. Percent salt rejection & Percent salt passage
2. Normalized permeate flowrate
3. Differential pressure
4. % Recovery
Performance monitoring
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1. % Salt Rejection & % Salt Passage
% Rejection = (TDSfeed - TDSProduct) x 100
TDSfeed
% Salt Passage = TDSProduct x 100
TDSfeed
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Conductivity Factor
TDSfeed = 0.6 x Conductivityfeed
TDSpermeate = 0.5 x Conductivitypermeate
TDSreject = 0.7 x Conductivityreject
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2. Normalized Permeate Flow
The formula used to calculate Normalized Permeate flow is :
Qnorm = Qi * (NDPstart / NDPi) * (TCstart/TCi)
Qnorm = Normalized permeate flowQi = Permeate flow at point iNDPstart = Net Driving Pressure at startup or reference conditionNDPi = Net Driving Pressure at point i.TCstart = Temperature Correction Factor at startup or reference conditionTCi = Temperature Correction Factor at point i.
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= Feed Pressure - Reject Pressure
3. DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE (∆P)
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4. % RECOVERY
% Recovery = (Permeate Flow) x 100 %
Feed/Inlet Flow
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Membrane Problem
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Scaling
The major scalants are calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, silica, and Calcium/magnesium silicate
Cause: change in pH, salt concentration, dan temperature.
The best precaution against scaling are optimizing the pre-treatment, maintaining design flow rate & continuously injecting scale inhibitor
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Fouling
Foulants are normally formed from suspended matter found in the feed water.
To RO membrane manufacturers, fouling is considered a normal occurrence that can be controlled with effective monitoring, maintenance and cleaning programs
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Degradation or hydrolysis
RO membranes can degrade or hydrolyze when exposed to oxidants (chlorine; etc.), pH changes, biodegradation, or temperature extremes.
CA membranes are very sensitive to biodegradation, pH ranges outside of 5.0 to 6.5, and temperature higher than 40 0C.
TFC membranes are very sensitive to oxidizers, pH ranges outside of 2.0 to 11.0 and temperature higher than 45 0C.
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Profiling and Probing
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PROFILLING
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Determined which pressure vessel, has high contribution to increase permeate conductivity.
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Probing : Determines which membrane or interconnector that has high contribution to conductivity
Using : 1/4” Polypropylene Tubing
PROBING
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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Reverse OsmosisCleaning
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When to clean the membranes ?
Decreasing normalized permeate flow 10 – 15 % from the last cleaning
Decreasing % Salt Rejection 10 – 15 % from the last cleaning
Increasing ∆P 10 – 15 % from the last cleaning
After 3 month operation
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CLEANING - OPERATIONAL
Alkaline Cleaning Remove organic & inorganic fouling Chemical : PC – 98, PC – 40 & NaOH for pH adjustment (10,5 – 12) Please loading PC – 40 first for dilution Circulate and soak every 15 minutes in interval 4 hours Record flow, pressure & temperature and maintain within the rangeAcid Cleaning Remove scaling Chemical : PC – 77 & HCl for pH adjustment Circulate for 2 hours, soak for 30 minutes and then circulate for 1 hour (Pressure max. 4 bar) Maintain pH during acid cleaning Record flow, pressure & temperature and maintain within the rangeSanitation Remove microbiological Chemical PC – 11 Circulate the solution for 60 minutes
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Before cleaning, please do flushing RO (15 minutes) & circulate (30 minutes) tocleaning tank with permeate water.
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Cleaning Skid
Volume Cleaning : 40-55 m3/membrane
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THANK YOU
TERIMA KASIH
MATUR NUWUN