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YM_D[DG NM@ MGOJU]M [JKDJCD[^JYDKJ MGV[DKJ@JAE
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9GNDKM2
@e ^mjye _taj~{hdege'
M` [mg~dnj Cd{~ydkj nm e Kyd{d{ nm e V{dkj`jae'
M` Vyji`mle nm `e Kjgkdmgkde nmg~yj nm `e Kyd{d{ nm `e V{dkj`jae'
M` Eg`d{d{ Lm~jnj`adkj nm _taj~{hd'
_damgkde nm` Eg`d{d{ ^mydkjLm~jnj`adkj _taj~{hdegj'
@e [d~}ekdg Ek~}e` nm `e Kyd{d{ nm `e V{dkj`jae'
@e Vyjv}m{~e ^mydkj Lm~jnj`adke taj~{hdege'
M` ~yelenj Dg~mygj nm `e Vyjv}m{~e ^mydkj Lm~jnj`adke taj~{hdege'
Dnmg~dodkekdg nm `j{ Njldgdj{ Amg~dkj{'
Dnmg~dodkekdg nm v}g~j{ ky~dkj{ nm` nm{eyyj``j mg kene njldgdj amg~dkj'
@e ]~d`drekdg nm ]gdnenm{ lj`eym{ nm Eg`d{d{ veye m{~}ndey `j{ V}g~j{ Ky~dkj{, veyekene o}gkdg v{dkj`adke, mg {} kjg~ms~j j njldgdj amg~dkj m{vmkdodkj'
@e Jyaegdrekdg [mld~dke nm `e Kjgkdmgkde'
M` Vyji`mle nm `e ]gdnen nm eg`d{d{
M` m{~}ndj e ~ye{ nm` kjgkmv~j kjlj }gdnen nm eg`d{d{'
M{~y}k~}ye [mlg~dke t O}gkdjgm{ nm `e Ve`eiye'
@e Dlvjy~egkde V{dkj`adke nm `e o}gkdg Ymomymgkde` nm` @mga}ebm'@e Dlvjy~egkde V{dkj`adke nm `e o}gkdg Ke~majydrenjye nm` `mga}ebm'
M` Nm{eyyj``j nm` Ndagdodkenj mg `e Jg~jamgm{d{ C}lege
Nm{eyyj``j nm `e o}gkdg Nm{dage~de #ymomymgkde jibm~e`$ mg m` gdj'
Nm{eyyj``j nm `e o}gkdg Ke~majydrenjye t Amgmye`drenjye nm` `mga}ebm mg m` gdj'
M` m{~}ndj e ~ye{ nm `e jyekdg kjlj }gdnen nm eg`d{d{'
Dlvjy~egkde v{dkj`adke nm `e jyekdg kjlj }gdnen nm eg`d{d{'
Jyaegdrekdg [dg~eal~dke nm `e jyekdg'
Ym`megkde v{dkj`adke nm `e Jyaegdrekdg [dg~eal~dke nm `e jyekdg'
Jyeaegdrekdg Veyendal~dke nm `e jyekdg'Ym`megkde V{dkj`adke nm `e Jyeaegdrekdg Veyendale~dke nm `e Jyekdg'
Vmy~dgmgkde t ym`megkde v{dkjmj`}~de nm `e jyekdg kjlj }gdnen nm eg`d{d{'
M` nm{eyyj``j nm `e o}gkdg ymomymgkde` mg `e m~eve vymdga}{~dke'
M` nm{eyyj``j nm `e o}gkdg ke~majydrenjye mg `e m~eve vym`dga}{~dke'
Vj~mgkde`m{ [mld~dkj{'
Nm `e [mld~dke nm` Nd{k}y{j e` m{~}ndj nm `e Dg~my{}ibm~ddnen'
@e [mld~dke, `j{ eg`d{d{ `d~myeydj{, t `e vyjv}m{~e nm L' Ieb~dg e `e{ Kdmgkde{ [jkde`m{'
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;Agmyj{ Nd{k}y{dj{'
M` Mg}gkdenj kjlj }gdnen nm eg`d{d{ t {}{ keyek~my{~dke{'
@j{ O}gnelmg~j{ [jkde`m{ nm` Mg}gkdenj'
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>M` [mg~dnj C d{~ydkj nm `e Kyd{d{ nm `e V{dkj`jae2
_taj~{hd, mg {} ~yeiebj M` [dagdodkenj Cd{~ydkj nm `e Kyd{d{ nm `e V{dkj`jae #my
_taj~{hd, 5449$, kyd~dk `e dgkevekdnen nm `e v{dkj`jae nm ney k}mg~e kdmg~odkelmg~m nm `j{
vyjkm{j{ v{dkj`adkj{ nm` {my c}legj' @e Am{~e`~, m` v{dkjeg`d{d{, m` kjgn}k~d{lj j m`
vmy{jge`d{lj nm [~myg, joymkeg {}amymgkde{ dg~}d~de{ veye }ge ~mjye nm `e lmg~m, {dg
mlieyaj, mg `e vyk~dke, ym{}`~eie dlvj{di`m dg~mayey {}{ ce``eraj{, v}m{ `j u}m veye }ge
m{k}m`e e`aj mye }g cmkcj v{dkj`adkj, kjlj m` kjlv`mbj nm mndvj veye m` v{dkjeg`d{d{,
gj {dagdodke gene mg m` nd{k}y{j kjgn}k~d{~e j nm `e Am{~e`~ #Yddmym, 5446$' Nm{nm }g
mgoju}m {jkdjcd{~ydkj, _taj~{hd kjgk`}t u}m m{~e eveymg~m ndmy{dnen t v`}ye`dnen nm
dnme{, gj mye {dgj m` ymo`mbj nm }ge ayeg m{kd{dg nd{kdv`dgey, t mg m{~ydk~j ydajy, idmg keiye
cei`ey nm nd{~dg~e{ v{dkj`jae{'
M{ e vey~dy nm m{~e{ ymo`msdjgm{ ky~dke{ ym{vmk~j nm` m{~enj amgmye` nm `e v{dkj`jae,
u}m _taj~{hd i}{k {mg~ey `e{ ie{m{ ~mydkj lm~jnj`adke{ nm `e v{dkj`jae, kjlj
nd{kdv`dge kdmg~odke, u}m dg~mayeye nm }ge legmye gj mk`k~dke `j{ evjy~m{ nm `j{ ndmy{j{
mgoju}m{ msd{~mg~m{' [mag _taj~{hd #5446', vv $ Ldmg~ye{ keymrkelj{ nm }g {d{~mle
amgmye`lmg~m ekmv~enj u}m dgkjyvjym e `e v{dkj`jae ~jnj{ `j{ kjgjkdldmg~j{ nm u}m
nd{vjgm, k}e`u}dmy nm{k}iydldmg~j dlvjy~eg~m gj{ kjgn}kdy dgmd~ei`mlmg~m e `e kymekdg
nm }ge g}me ~mjye mg `e k}e` mgk}enymg `j{ cmkcj{ ymkdmg~mlmg~m ji{myenj{' E{,
v}mnm kjg{dnmyey{m m` nm{eyyj``j nm {} ~mjye, kjlj e vey~dy nm }ge ldyene m{mgkde`lmg~m
mvd{~mlj`adke'
_taj~{hd v`eg~m u}m gdga}ge nm `e{ m{k}m`e{ ~mgde {}odkdmg~m vjnmy nm msv`dkekdgkjlj veye {mydy nm o}gnelmg~j e }ge kdmgkde u}m eieykeye ~jnj{ `j{ omglmgj{
v{dkj`adkj{, v}m{ kene }ge nm m``e{ elmgereie kjg u}mney eke k}egnj {}{ vydgkdvdj{ {m
ev`dkeieg le{ e`` nm` kelvj nm m{~}ndj nm` k}e` ceieg {}yadnj' _taj~{hd kjgk`}t u}m
~jne{ m{~e{ kjyydmg~m{ ~mgeg }ge mj`}kdg {jkde` {dld`ey, m{ nmkdy, ~jne{ vym{mg~eieg
}ge ld{le ve}~e {jkde` nm nm{eyyj``j #Yddmym, 5434', vv' $, e vey~dy nm }g
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=nm{k}iydldmg~j mlvydkj #vm' `e {e`dekdg$, {m amgmyeg kdmy~e{ ojyle{ kjgkmv~}e`m{
#vm' `e dnme nm ymo`mbj$, mg ~jygj e `e{ k}e` {m eg jydadgegnj }g kjgb}g~j nm ke~majye{ tvydgkdvdj{ msv`dke~dj{ kene mr l{ t le{ ei{~yek~j{ #ymo`mbj{, dgkjgndkdjgenj{ t
kjgndkdjgenj{, ymo}myrj kjg~dgamg~m, kjgndkdjgeldmg~j, ceid~j,''' evymgndrebm, cjliym,
{jkdmnen, '''m~k'$' Veye _taj~{hd, m{~j ymo`mbeie u}m `j{ cmkcj{ {jiym `j{ k}e`m{ {m
o}gneieg `e{ nd{~dg~e{ v{dkj`jae{, ym{vjgneg e gdm`m{ nm ei{~yekkdg m dg~myvym~ekdg
ndomymg~m{ nm `e yme`dnen, t u}m le{ eg, e` ege`drey m{~j{ cmkcj{ mg }g ld{lj v`egj
~mydkj, {~j{ ym{}`~eieg {my dgkjlve~di`m{ mg~ym {d, vjy `j u}m {dlv`mlmg~m {m
kjg{~d~}tmg mg od`j{joe{ j dnmj`jae{ amgmye`m{ #vm2 m` ke{j vyj~j~vdkj nm `e ky~dke cmkcee` v{dkjeg`d{d{$' @j lmn}`ey nm m{~e ve}~e nm mj`}kdg nm `e{ ~mjye{, mye u}m vmyld~e
ymm`ey `e mynenmye ge~}ye`mre nm ~jne{ m``e{, {} jydamg {jkde`, nm` k}e`, mye ymo`mbj' Mg
m{~e{ kjgndkdjgm{, mye vj{di`m gj {`j ege`drey `e ge~}ye`mre {jkde` u}m {}itekm e` kjgb}g~j
nm {}v}m{~j{ t vyjv}m{~e{ nm` nmie~m, {dgj u}m ~elidg mye vj{di`m ege`drey `j u}m
eveymke kjlj m` ojgnj nm` vyji`mle, u}m gj mye {dgj m` vyji`mle nm `e ym`ekdg [}bm~j
Jibm~j, u}m, mg ~yldgj{ v{dkj`j`adkj{ enu}dye l`~dv`m{ ojyle{ #cjliymge~}ye`mre,
dgnddn}j{jkdmnen, cmymgkdeevymgndrebm, lmg~mk}myvj, kjgkdmgkdele~myde, m~k'$' [d idmg
m{ kdmy~j, ~e` vyji`mle mye }g k`{dkj ~mj`adkj t od`j{odkj, {mag _taj~{hd, `e v{dkj`jae e`
i}{key mydady{m kjlj kdmg~odke, md~ }ge ymo`msdg }gd~eyde e` ym{vmk~j, {dmgnj `e vydgkdve`
ojyle nm msvym{dg nm ndkcj nmie~m, m` nm `e e`jyekdg t ym`ekdg mg~ym `j{ vyjkm{j{
v{dkj`adkj{ le{ i{dkj{ j od{dj`adkj{, t `j{ {}vmydjym{, j nm kjgkdmgkde' M{~e vyji`mle
vmgndmg~m, mye m` vydlmy v}g~j u}m nmie eijyney `e v{dkj`jae veye {}vmyey `e kyd{d{, m`
k}e`, v}mnm ym{}ldy{m amgydkelmg~m mg `e eveydkdg nm nj{ jydmg~ekdjgm{ i{dke{', vjy }g
`enj, `e{ u}m vjnyelj{ ``eley, {}ibm~dd{~e{, {}inddndne{ mg `j{ u}m #e$ e`dneieg `j{
ymvjy~m{ myie`m{ dg~yj{vmkkdjgd{~e{ mlvdyd{~e{, t vjy j~yj `enj, #i$ `j{ jibm~dd{~e{ #{dg
kjg{dnmyey `e{ vj{~}ye{ v{dkj`adke{ u}m {da}dmyjg e` `enj nm `e od`j{joe, kjlj `e
omgjlmgj`jae t m` msd{~mgkde`d{lj$' [mag _taj~{hd, m` mbm kmg~ye` nm m{~e ndkj~jle {m
egk`eie gj ~eg~j mg `j nd{~dg~e{ u}m ym{}`~eieg {my `e{ ndmy{e{ kjgkmvkdjgm{ ~mydke{ nm
m{~e{ vj{~}ye{, {dgj o}gnelmg~e`lmg~m mg `e kjgkmvkdg nm msk`}{ddnen t ymn}kkdjgd{lj
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?ke}{e` u}m kene m{k}m`e e~ydi}e e {}{ vyjvdj{ vj{~}`enj{ t vydgkdvdj{ msv`dke~dj{, {dmgnj
~e` ndlmg{dg nm` vyji`mle `e ke}{e yme` nm `e dlvj{did`dnen nm k}e`u}dmy dg~mayekdg#_taj~{hd, 5449', v $' Veye _taj~{hd ~eg~j m` {}ibm~dd{lj kjlj m` jibm~dd{lj
ymn}kkdgd{~e myeg dg{j{~mgdi`m{', ldmg~ye{ u}m m` vydlmyj ~yeg{ojyle `e lmg~m mg }ge
mg~dnen jk}`~e o}mye nm` e`kegkm nm `e dgm{~daekdg kdmg~odke, m` {ma}gnj ``me `j lmg~e` e`
~myymgj nm `e kdmgkde e` kj{~j nm, dj`mg~egnj `e{ ojyle{ le{ kjlv`mbe{ t m`mene{ nm`
o}gkdjgeldmg~j v{dkj`adkj c}legj, cekmy dlvj{di`m }g m{~}ndj jibm~dj nm m``e{ #Yddmym,
5434$' [d `e v{dkj`jae vym~mgne mydady{m {jiym ie{m{ kdmg~odke{, {} ~eyme dgdkde` mye `e nm
~yerey }g {mgnmyj gj {`j ~mydkj, {dgj ~elidg lm~jnj`adkj mg~ym m` {}ibm~dd{lj t m`jibm~dd{lj' Veye _taj~{hd
[d `e ymo`msj`jae msk`}tm nm` kdyk}`j nm {}{ dgm{~daekdjgm{ `j{ omglmgj{v{u}dkj{, vjy kjg{dnmyey u}m gj {jg nm {} kjlvm~mgkde, jiye kjlj `ev{dkj`jae dnme`d{~e, u}m m{~}nde `j v{u}dkj {dg ym`ekdg e`a}ge kjg genele {, kjlj }g l }gnj m gkmyyenj mg { l d{lj''' @j{ m{~enj{ v{u}dkj{ mg {ld{lj{ o}mye nm` m{vekdj nm {}{ ke}{e{ gj msd{~mg' ^el vjkj v}mnmmsd{~dy, vjy kjg{da}dmg~m, `e kdmgkde u}m `j{ m{~}ndm' Vmyj m{~}ndey `ekjgn}k~e c}lege {dg `j v{u}dkj, kjlj vym~mgnm `e v{dkj`jae# ymo`msj`jae$ , m{ ~e g dlvj{di`m kjlj m{~} ndey `j v{u}dkj {dg `e kjgn}k~e'Vjy ~eg ~j gj ce t {d~dj veye n j{ kdmgkde{ nd{~dg~e{''' M` m{~enj ek~}e` nm `e{nj{ yele{ nm` {eimy v`eg~me dg{d{~mg~mlmg~m `e k}m{~dg nm `e gmkm{dnen t
omk}gndnen nm `e kjlv`m~e o}{dg nm elie{ kdmgkde{ #kd~' mg Vjrj, B', 544?',vv' 54;$2
^e` {g~m{d{ ~mydkj lm~jnj`adke nmie {}yady nm }g eg`d{d{ u}m _taj~{hd nmgjldg
lm~e ~mydkj, t u}m idmg keim mg~mgnmy`j cjt, kjlj }g eg`d{d{ mvd{~mlj`adkj #Yddmym,
5434', [c}eym, 544;', Ajgre`mrYmt, 5441$, m` k}e` ymm`eie u}m iebj m` eveymg~m kej{
~mydkj, ceieg {dld`d~}nm{ keyndge`m{ mg~ym `e{ vj{~}ye{ nm elij{ e` eijyney `j{
vyji`mle{ v{dkj`adkj{' [mag _taj~{hd2
^jnj{ `j{ l~jnj{ v{dkj`adkj{ u}m {m }~d`dreg mg `e{ dgm{~daekdjgm{v{dkj`adke{ m{~g m{~y}k~}yenj{' vm{m e {} mgjylm l}`~dv`dkdnen, {jiym }gvydgkdvdj, }g {j`j ~dvj, m` m{u}mle 2 m{~l}`jym{v}m{~e # MY$' Vjy l}tvmk}`dey t kjlv`mbj u}m {me m` ~dvj nm m{~y}k~}ye nm` msvmydlmg~jv{dkj`adkj,'' [m ~ ye~e {dml vym nm dgo`}dy nm e `a}ge ojyle {jiym m` cjliym ,nm vym{mg~ey`m{ }ge{ } j~ye{ mskd~ekdjgm{, nm m{~dl}`ey #te m{e$ {}kjgn}k~e j {} dmgkde nm }g ljnj } j~yj, kjg m` odg nm m{~}ndey,dgm{~daey, ege`drey, nm{kydidy, t kjlveyey `e ym{v}m{~e, `e ymekkdg, e`m{~l}`j nenj,'''
^jne{ `e{ ndmyamgkde{ mg `e lm~jnj`jae nm `e{ ndmy{e{ kjyydmg~m{ tm{k}m`e{, ~jne `e ndmy{dnen nm ojyle{ t ~kgdke{ kjgkym~e{, e{ kjlj `e
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1l}`~dv`dkdnen nm l ~ jnj{ nmimg {} jydamg e `e yel dodkekdg }`~mydjy nm m{~ml ~jnj v{dkj`adkj o}gnel mg~e `' '' ^jnj m{~j ml vdmre mg m` }liye` nm `e
{}vj{dkdg vydgkdve`' M` vydgkdvdj nm m{~l}`jymekkdg kjlj yer kjlgnm ~jnj{ `j{ l~jnj{ v{dkj`adkj{, kjlj {} vydgkdvdj j kjmodkdmg~m kjlg,nmim #mg~jgkm{$ {my ms~yenj nm` veyg~m{d{ t ege`drenj kjlj m` dgndkenjykjlg nm ` l ~jnj v{dkj`adkj'''
Ldmg~ye{ }g ay}vj nm v{dk`jaj{ kjg{dnmyeie u}m `e ym`ekdg mg~ym m` m{~l}`j t `e
ym{v}m{~e mye m` jibm~dj le{ dglmnde~j nm `e dgm{~daekdg, njgnm `e ymekkdg m{
kjg{dnmyene kjlj }g vyjkm{j v}yelmg~m jibm~dj, {dld`ey e ~jnj{ `j{ nml{ vyjkm{j{ nm
`e ge~}ye`mre, veye `j{ j~yj{, m` m{~dl}`j t `e ymekkdg kjg{~d~}eg m` leykj ms~mydjy u}m
iydgneie `e{ kjgndkdjgm{ veye m` msvmydlmg~j v{dkj`adkj, te {me kjlj {g~jle nmvyjkm{j{ dg~mygj{, j dmgkde dg~myge mg {' Nm m{~e legmye, m` e{vmk~j nm `e m{~y}k~}ye
ojyle` m{~l}`jym{v}m{~e, mye `e ie{m lm~jnj`adke kjlg veye elie{ vj{~}ye{'
[mag _taj~{hd2
Vm{m e `e{ vyjo}gn{dle{ ndomymgkde{ nm vydgkdvdj mg~ym `e dmbe t `e g}mev{dkj`jae #u}m gj v}mnmg vmynmy{m nm d{~e gd vjy }g {`j dg{~eg~m$, eelie{ ~mjye{ `e{ cmylege }g ljlmg~j lm~jnj`adkj ojyle` t kjlg, ' ' 'M{m ljlmg~j kjg{d{~m mg u}m elie{ ~mgnmgkde{ v{dkj`adke{ kjlvey~mg `eld{le ek~d~}n ege`~dke, mg `e dnmg~dodkekdg nm `e{ ~eyme{ nm `edgm{~daekdg kdmg~odke kjg `e ndd{dg nm` ~jnj mg `j{ m`mlmg~j{ vydleydj{
t `e ymn}kkdg nm `e{ ojyle{ t ojyle kdjgm{ {}vmydjym{ e `e{ dgomydjym{, nm`nm{vymkdj nm` vyji`mle k}e`d~e~dj, u}m gj v}mnm ymn}kdy{m e ndomymgkde{k}eg~d~e~de{' M{ nmkdy, elie { ~mgnmgkde{ kjdgkdnmg m g u}m {} vmg{eldmg~jkdmg~odkj gj m{ nde`k~ dkj'
@j k}e` {m msvym{e le{ elv`delmg~m mg m` cmkcj nm u}m 2
@e dmbe v{dkj`jae #{}ibm~dd{~e$ me u}m `e ~eyme o}gnelmg~e` nm `edgm{~daekdg kjg{d{~e mg ms~yemy `j{ m`mlmg~j{ vydleydj{ nm `e{dmgkde{ gj n dd{di`m{, u}m ce ``eie # te {me mg$ `j{ omglmgj{ v{u}dkj{m`mlmg~e`m{ ji~mgdnj{ lmndeg~m `e ei{~yekkdg, ~e`m{ kjlj `e{{mg{ekdjgm{, {mg~dldmg~ j{ nm v`ekmy nd{v`ekmy t m {o}myrj j`}~dj, j idmg,`j{ vyjkm{j{ t o}gkdjgm{ v{u}dke{ m`mlmg~e`m{ ms~yenj{ vjy `e ld{le
e, ~e`m{ kjlj `e e~mgkdg t `e{ e{jkdekdjgm{ #nm m{~e legmye$, `j{vyjkm{j{ {}vmydjym{ t kjlv`mbj{ myeg oyekkdjgenj{ mg {}{ m`mlmg~j{kjlvjgmg~m{ ymn}kdgnj`j{ kjlv`m~elmg~m e kjlidgekdjgm{ #ndmy{e{$,nm `e{ #nd{~dg~e{$ dmgkde{ j {}{ vyjkm{j{ vydle ydj{' Nm {~m l jnj {}yam}g mgjylm lj{edkj nm dne v{u}dke, ojylenj vjy ~yjrj{ ndmy{j{ nmdmgkde{, }g ayegndj{j k}enyj e~jl {~dkj nm` oyekkdjgenj m{vyd~} c} legj'
Vjy {} vey~m, `e v{dkj`jae jibm~dd{~e, kee mg `j{ ld{lj{ dkdj{, v}m{2
'' ' ~el vjkj kjgjkm j~ ye e cekde m` kjgjkdldmg~j nm ` ~jnj kjlv`mbj, u}mm` eg`d{d{ t m` oyekkdjgeldmg~j8 {eim ~eg {`j m`}kdney m` kjg~mgdnj t
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3nddndy`j mg m `mlmg~ j{''' Kdmyyeg `j{ jbj{ eg~m `e v mk}`deydnen k}e`d~e~de nm`e{ ojyle{ {}vmydjym{ nm` kjlvjy~el dmg~j8 veye m``e gj ms d{~mg ndomymgkde{
o}gnel mg~e `m{ kjg `j{ vyjkm{j{ dgomydjym{, m`mlm g~e`m{' Mg amgmye`, ~jnj{`j{ vyjkm{j{ nm `e kjgn}k~e {m nm{kjlvjgmg mg ymo`mbj{ e{jkde~dj{ u}m {mnd{~dga}mg vjy `e `jgad~}n t m` glm yj nm m {`eijgm{ nm `e kenmge, dgcdidnj{mg e`a}gj{ ke{j{ t gj ymm `enj{ ms~m ygelm g~m #dinml, vv $'
Nm m{~e ojyle, eg mg m` mlvdyd{lj {da}m msd{~dmgnj }g n}e`d{lj mgk}idmy~j, u}m
eiym `e{ v}my~e{ veye mgoju}m{ lm~eo{dkj{ mg v{dkj`jae, e`dnegnj #vjy ekkdg }
jld{dg$, `e msd{~mgkde nm nj{ ~dvj{ nm v{dkj`jae, }ge nm kjy~m v{dkjod{dj`jadkd{~e, t j~ye
nm jynmg lm~eo{dkj j nm` m{vyd~}' E` eijyney m` vyji`mle nm `e v{du}d{, _daj~{hd kjgk`}e,
u}m ~jne{ `e{ vj{~}ye{, ~eg~j jibm~dd{~e{ kjlj {}ibm~dd{~e{, e{}leg `j{ ld{lj{ ~ym{{da}dmg~m{ ljlmg~j{2
#e$ ' ' ']g m{~}ndj nm `e{ o}gkdjgm{ v{u}dke{ {}vmydjym{ nm{nm `e oekm~e nm`j{ vyjkm{j{ ge~}ye`m{ u}m `e{ dg~maye g, # i$ `e ymn}kkdg nm `j{ vyjkm{j{{}vmydjym{ t kjlv`mbj{ e m`mlmg~e`m{, t m` nm{vymkdj nm `e{vmk}`deydnenm{ t `mtm{ m{vmkodke{ nm` nm{eyyj``j k}`~}ye` nm `e kjgn}k~e'M{~j{ ljl mg~j{ {jg vyjvdj{ ~eg~j nm `e dmbe v{dkj`jae {}ibm~de kjlj nm`e g }me v{dkj`jae jibm~ de'''
@e {dld`d~}n nm ojgnj mg m` ~ye~eldmg~j ~mydkj lm~jnj`adkj, nmidnj e `e
dgkjlvymg{dg t kjgo}{dg nm elij{ v`egj{, vyjjk t {}{~mg~ `e ndd{dg t `e kyd{d{ nm `e
v{dkj`jae, t m{~m cmkcj, mye `j u}m o}gnelmg~eie `e ky~dke nm }ge v{dkj`jae n}e`d{~e,
nm m{~e legmye, m` vm{j nm` m{u}mle MY cekm u}m m` vyji`mle lm~jnj`adkj nmydm
~elidg mg }g vyji`mle ok~dkj, v}m{ e `e cjye nm yme`drey eegkm{ #nm nd{~dg~j vm{j t
e`kegkm$, ~jne{ `e{ jydmg~ekdjgm{ vym~mgndmyjg nm{eyyj``ey{m mg m` v`egj nm `j{ vyjkm{j{
v{dkj`adkj{ le{ i{dkj{ nm` {my c}legj, nmbegnj }g ayeg ekj mg m` kjgjkdldmg~j nm `j{
vyjkm{j{ v{dkj`adkj{ le{ m`eijyenj{ t kjlv`mbj{, `j{ u}m mg kjg{mk}mgkde, {m ~ye~eieg
nm msv`dkey vjy }ge lmye amgmye`drekdg nm ne~j{ mlvydkj{ nm gdm` ege`~dkj nd{~dg~j' Veye
_taj~{hd, m{~m mye j~yj eya}lmg~j u}m e`dneie `e ky~dke nm n}e`d{lj mg v{dkj`jae,
v}m{, ~eg~j2
' ' ' `j{ keldgj{ nm `e v{dkj`jae jibm~de t {}ibm~de {m ido}ykeg mg k}eg~jve{eg e ~ye~ey `e{ o}gkdjgm{ v{u}dke{ {}vmydjym{' Ldmg~ye{ u}m `ev{dkj`jae jibm~ dd{~e {m gdmae kjg{mk}mg~m lmg ~m e m{~ei`mkmy ndomymgkde{mg~ym `e{ o}gkdjgm{ v{u}dke{ {}vmydjym{ m dgomydjym{, `dld~gnj{m ek`e{dodkey `e{ ymekkdjgm{ mg dgge~e{ t evymgndne{, kjg{dnmyegnj u}m ~jne{`e{ enu}dydne{ vmy~mgmkmg e }ge {j`e k`e{m nm cid~j{, `e v{dkj`jae
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4mlvydke #{}ibm~de$, kjg }g m{vyd~} leyed``j{elmg~m kjg{mk}mg~m, vjy}ge vey~m, ` dld~eie m` nm{eyyj``j v{u}dkj nm` gdj e `e len}yekdg nm `e{
o}gkdjgm{ m`mlm g~e`m{ mndodkegnj {jiym kene o}gkdg m`mlmg ~e` }g {ma}gnjgdm` u}m {}yam nm gj {m {eim njgnm # _taj~{hd, 54 4; , _j`, ' , $ '
M` vyji`mle nm kjlj #t mg o}gkdg nm u}m yme`drey }g m{~}ndj v{dkj`adkj$,
{d{~ml~dkelmg~m ceie {dnj ve{enj vjy e`~j mg `e iymm vmyj dg~mg{e cd{~jyde nm `e
v{dkj`jae, nmbegnj ~ye{ nm {, }ge kjgo}{dg amgmye` ym{vmk~j e` ~mle, t `e {mg{ekdg nm
u}m `e ~eyme mye vyk~dkelmg~m dlvj{di`m'
M` M{kmge ydj Ek~}e`'
Kjg{dnmyegnj, t vjgnmyegnj m` nm{eyyj``j nm `e{ vydgkdve`m{ kjyydmg~m{ t ~mjye{
u}m kjgoda}yeg m` m{kmgeydj ek~}e` nm `e v{dkj`jae, {m v}mnm nmkdy u}m m` ayeg vyji`mle
nm cjt #kjlj e vydgkdvdj{ nm {da`j$, m{ u}m eg gj {m ceg `jayenj nm{eyyj``ey ljnm`j{
amgmye`m{, u}m vmyld~eg }g m{~}ndj dg~maye` nm` {my c}legj, mg {}{ m{omye{ ~eg~j
dgnddn}e` kjlj {jkde` #t j~ye{$' Mg m{~m {mg~dnj, keim nm{~ekey u}m `e dgmsd{~mgkde nm }ge
v{dkj`jae amgmye #}ge nm `e{ ayegnm{ ky~dke{ u}m ceke _taj~{hd$, m{ }g vyji`mle eg
damg~m' Vjy j~yj `enj, vyji`mle{ kjlj `e oe`~e nm }ge dleamg nm cjliym kjcmymg~m
u}m m{~}ndey #Iy}gmy, 541=8 kd~'mg Qmy~{kc, 544;, v 51', Iy}gmy, 5433$, mlvdmreg e
cekmy{m kene mr le{ ym`meg~m{' Vm{m e m{~j, kjlj msvym{e Qmy~{kc #dinml', v 53$2
' ' ' m{~j gj {dagdodke u}m gj ce``e rjge{ nm `}r' [eiml j{ l}kcj l{ {jiym m `o}gkdjgeldmg~j nm` kmymiyj u}m `j u}m {eielj{ ej{ e~y{8 ~mgmlj{ }gk}enyj l { ydkj nm` o}gkdjgeldmg~ j {jkde` t kjagd~dj nm `j{ dgoeg~m{ u}m `ju}m ~mgelj{ eg~m{,''' e{d kjlj nm ndmy{j{ {gnyjlm{ k`gdkj{ m{vmkodkj{, jnm nd{o}gkdjgm{ kmymiye`m{, m~k'
M` leve amgmye` nm `e v{dkj`jae v}mnm kjg{dnmyey{m cjt, ~eg oyealmg~enj kjlj
mg `j{ ~dmlvj{ nm _taj~{hd #Qmy~{kc, 544;, vv' 5195$, `e vydgkdve` ndodk}`~en nm `e
v{dkj`jae, m{ u}m ~dmgm l}kce{ vdmre{ ed{`ene{, vmyj {dg {eimy e u}m dleamg
kjyym{vjgnmg' @e{ ~mgnmgkde{ t {g~jle{ nm kjgmyamgkde, vyjn}kdnj{ nm{nm odge`m{ nm
`j{ ej{ {m{mg~e mg~ym vey~m nm `e v{dkj`jae kjagd~de, `e v{dkj`jae mj`}~de t `e
v{dkj`jae {jkde`, veyenbdkelmg~m {m ce nenj e }g kj{~j nm nm{dg~mayekdg t m{kd{dg
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56mvd{~mlj`adke l}t ayegnm, amgmyegnj mg e vyk~dke kdmg~odke mk`mk~dkd{lj{ nm ndmy{j{
~dvj{ u}m elmgereg kjg{~eg~mlmg~m kjg nm{ijyney `j{ ce``eraj{ mgkjg~yenj{' Mg m{~mkjg~ms~j, m` vydgkdve` evjy~m nm` leykj taj~{hdegj, ce {dnj lj{~yey }ge d{dg dg~maye` nm`
nm{eyyj``j c}legj, ey~dk}`egnj cm}yd{~dkelmg~m nd{~dg~e{ vmy{vmk~de{ #m{vmkde`lmg~m `j{
e{vmk~j{ kjagd~dj{, mj`}~dj{ t {jkde`m{$, nm{nm }ge {j`e ldyene ~mydkj lm~jnj`adke, `e
nm` m{~}ndj nm `e lm g~m mg {jkdmnen #_taj~{hd, 5413$, vjy `j u}m {m v}mnm kjg{dnmyey
e` vyjkm{j ojlmg~enj vjy m` ymnm{k}iydldmg~j nm `e jiye nm _taj~{hd, kjlj }ge mynenmye
ym j`}kdg {d`mgkdj{e mg v{dkj`jae #Iy}gmy / Ce{~m, 5446', v' 4$'
Mg m` kymkdmg~m kjg~ms~j nm kjlv`mlmg~eydmnen m dg~mynd{kdv`dgeydmnen nm `e{kdmgkde{ c}lege{, m{ u}m n}yeg~m `e{ `~dle{ nkene{, `e v{dkj`jae ce ~mgndnj e
kjg{dnmyey kjgb}g~elmg~m `j{ vyjkm{j{ idj`adkjlen}ye~dj{ kjlj `j{ kjg~ms~j{ {jkde`m{
t k}`~}ye`m{ e og nm kjlvymgnmy `j{ vyjkm{j{ v{dkj`adkj{ c}legj{ #Iy}gmy, Kj`m, @}yde,
Qmy~{kc, Yjajoo, Lj``, Vde~m``d t Ljydg, m~k'$' M{~m nmmgdy nm `e nd{kdv`dge ce ``menj e
e}~jym{ kjlj Iy}gmy #5$ mg m` lid~j nm }ge ~mjye nm` nm{eyyj``j kjagd~dj c}legj,
vyjvjgmy `j{ {da}dmg~m{ kyd~mydj{ t jibm~dj{ nm `e v{dkj`jae kjlj nd{kdv`dge kdmg~odke2
Nm{kydvkdg Amgmye ` nm `e Vyjv}m{~e ^mydkj Lm~jnj`adke taj~{hdege'
Vjnmlj{ nmkdy u}m m` vyjayele nm dgm{~daekdg taj~{hdegj i}{keie eb}{~ey{m e
~ym{ kyd~mydj{ u}m Ymdmym, #5434, vv $ ym{}lm mg `j{ {da}dmg~m{ v}g~j{2
# e$ nm{eyyj``ey }ge lm ~jnj`jae amgmye` nm `e v{dkj`jae,# i$ ed{`ey `j{ vydgkdvdj{ msv`dke~dj{ amgm ye`m{,# k$ kjg{~y}dy, e ve y~dy nm m``j{, ke~majye{ t ~m jye{ kjgkym~e{'
M{~j{ ~ym{ kyd~mydj{ {jiym `j{ k}e`m{ nmie o}gney{m `e v{dkj`jae kjlj nd{kdv`dge kdmg~odke,
{m v`e{leyeg mg }g ljnm`j ~mydkj le{ nm{eyyj``enj, u}m {d idmg m{ kdmy~j gj v}mnm
kjg{dnmyey{m eg kjlj ekeienj, m{ vj{di`m kjgkmidy`j mg ~yldgj{ nm `j{ ~ym{ ayegnm{
v`eg~meldmg~j{u}m cekm2
5' M` }{j nm }g l ~jnj amg~dkj nm` nm{eyyj``j mg v{dkj`jae,9' @e gjkdg nm u}m `e{ o}gkdjgm{ lmg~e`m{ {}vmydjym{ mg m` dgnddn}j
ml myam g nm vyjkm{j{ {jkde `m{, t
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55;' @e gjkdg nm u}m `j{ vyjkm{j{ c}legj{, {jkde`m{ t v{dkj`adkj{ m{~g
ojylenj{ o}gnelmg~e`lmg~m vjy cmyyeldmg~e{ k}`~}ye`m{, j ojyle{
lmndekdjge`m{'
Nm m{~j{ ~ym{ v`eg~meldmg~j{ dnmg~dodkenj{, `j{ nj{ `~dlj{ v}mnmg kjg{dnmyey{m
kjlj vey~m nm }g v`egj ~mydkj vyjvdelmg~m ~e`, t m` vydlmyj, kjlj kjgkmygdmg~m e }g
v`egj le{ lm~jnj`adkj u}m `m iydgne kjcmymgkde t kjg~dg}dnen e `j{ nj{ vydlmyj{'
Vm{m e u}m ~yendkdjge`lmg~m m` dg~my{ jkkdnmg~e`, nm{nm odge`m{ nm `j{ {m{mg~e vjy
`e ~mjye nm _taj~{hd, ce m{~enj mg m` {ma}gnj t ~mykmyj nm m{~j{ ~mle{, m{vmkde`lmg~m mg
e{vmk~j{ lmgjym{ nm `e ~mjye #///$, kjlj m` `e rjge nm nm{eyyj``j vysdlj #my Yjajoo
544=', Qmy~{kc, 543>, 544=', 5446', Ve`ekdj{, B'8 _d``e`g, L' 544 $, vjkj e vjkj {m ce
nm{vmy~enj }g dg~my{ vjy m` ym{~j nm `e ~mjye, m{vmkde`lmg~m vjy m` ~mle nm `e kjgkmvkdg
amg~dke u}m _taj~{hd ~mge nm` nm{eyyj``j, e` k}e`, m` ~mle nm `e RNV gmkm{eydelmg~m
ymld~m nmg~yj nm `e ~mjye' Kjlj ymodmym Qmy~{kc #544=$2 nm ~jne{ ojyle {,'' ' g}m{~yj
mg~mgndldmg~j nm` {ma}gnj t ~mykmy v}g~j{ {myg `dld~enj{ ce{~e u}m gj
~mgaelj{ }ge gjkdg le{ m`eijyene nm` l~jnj amg~dkj, te u}m ~jnj{ `j{
~mle{ m{~g dliydkenj{ mg m` vmg{eldmg~j nm _taj{~hd' Vjy m{j m{ u}m, }ge
nm{kydvkdg nm kene }gj, nmvmgnm nm `j{ eegkm{ mg m` mg~mgndldmg~j nm `j{ j~yj{'
Vj{~}`enj{ ^mydkj{ nm `e Vyjv}m{~e taj~{hdege'
]g vydlmy e{vmk~j e kjg{dnmyey, eg~m{ nm me`}ey `j{ v}g~j{ ~mydkj{ {jiym `j{
k}e`m{ {m ey~dk}`e `e jiye nm _taj~{hd, m{ u}m `j u}m m` vyjvjge yme`drey mye }ge ~mjye nm`
nm{eyyj``j c}legj, t gj }ge ~mjye kjagd~de j `dga{~dke kjlj amgmye`lmg~m {m `e e
~ye~enj nm my' M{~m v}g~j m{ dlvjy~eg~m v}m{, gj {j`j vmyld~m kjlvymgnmy `e jiye nm
_taj~{hd, {dgj ~elidg ndlmg{djgey `j dgekeienj nm {}{ jiye'
Kjg{dnmyegnj m{~j, v}mnm nmkdy{m u}m `e ~m{d{ kmg~ye` nm `e ~mjye taj~{hdege m{
u}m m` cjliym, gj {m kjg{~d~}tm e vey~dy nm }ge ym`ekdg ndymk~e nm` cjliym kjg m` l}gnj
ge~}ye`, {dgj e vey~dy nm }g ~dvj nm ym`ekdg l}kcj le{ kjlv`mbe, u}m vjnyelj{ ``eley
amgydkelmg~m kjlj lmndene, vjy `j{ m`mlmg~j{ t nd{vj{d~dj{ u}m cd{~ydkelmg~m, `e
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59k}`~}ye vjgm e nd{vj{dkdg nm `' M{~j dlv`dke e{}ldy, ~eg~j ~mydke kjlj
lm~jnj`adkelmg~m, u}m mg m` nm{eyyj``j nm `j c}legj kjgk}yymg nj{ oek~jym{ j `dgme{nm{eyyj``j mg {} nm~myldgekdg #my Qmy~{kc, 5433$' _taj~{hd me mg m{~e dnme nm
ek~ddnen lmndene , }g vyjkm{j nm ~yeg{ojylekdg ek~de, ymkvyjke t {dg~~dke, t gj }ge
lmye dld~ekdg nm` lmndj e ~ye{ nm` }{j nm `j{ dg{~y}lmg~j{, vjy `j nm{nm }g v}g~j nm
d{~e mj`}~dj, m` mlv`mj nm dg{~y}lmg~j{ leykeye mg~jgkm{ #e$ m` dgdkdj nm` amgmyj
c}legj mg ~jnj{ {}{ njldgdj{ amg~dkj{, t, kj{mk}mg~mlmg~m kjg m{~j, #i$ `e
kjg{~d~}kdg nm g}me{ ojyle{ v{dkj`adke{ nm enev~ekdg, keyek~mydrene vjy m` }{j nm
m{e{ cmyeldmg~e{ k}tj e`jy gj m{ {`j ge~}ye`, {dgj ~elidmg k}`~}ye`' E{, `e eveydkdg nm`e k}`~}ye dgndke gj {`j u}m `j{ {}bm~j{ ceg {e`dnj nm `j{ `dld~m{ jyagdkj{ nm {} ek~ddnen,
{dgj u}m {} vyjvde ek~ddnen, ve{e e {my yma}`ene t jydmg~ene ~elidg, vjy ojyle{ le{
kjlv`mbe{ nm jyaegdrekdg, vyjvde{ nm `e dne mg {jkdmnen #~yeiebj, ey~m, kdmgkde{, m~k'$'
Kjlj ndbj _taj~{hd2 Vjy k}eg~j m` nm{eyyj``j jyagdkj {m yme`dre mg }g lmndj k}`~}ye`, {m
kjgdmy~m mg }g vyjkm{j idj`adkj cd{~ydkelmg~m kjgndkdjgenj'
Ecjye idmg, ~mydkelmg~m cei`egnj, _taj~{hd nd{~dga}d nj{ ~dvj{ nm ojyle{ nm
lmndekdg, mg o}gkdg nm` ~dvj nm ek~ddnen u}m vmyld~mg', #e$ m` ~dvj le{ {dlv`m nm
dg{~y}lmg~j {mye `e cmyyeldmg~e le~myde` u}m ek~e {jiym }g jibm~j o{dkj, ljndodkgnj`j,
t #i$ }g {ma}gnj ~dvj nm dg{~y}lmg~j{ lmndenjym{, u}m vyjn}km }g ~dvj nm ek~ddnen
nd{~dg~e, lmndene vjy `j{ {d{~mle{ nm {dagj{ u}m kene k}`~}ye vjgm e nd{vj{dkdg nm {}{
ldmliyj{ #Vjrj, B', 544?$' Nm{nm m{~m v}g~j nm d{~e, `j dlvjy~eg~m {mye msv`dkey m`
~yeg{d~j v{dkjmj`}~dj, u}m dlv`dke m` kelidj k}e`d~e~dj mg~ym m` }{j nm` vydlmy ~dvj nm
cmyyeldmg~e{, le{ i{dke{ #e` k}e` dgk`}{j ekkmnmg `j{ nml{ eg~yjvjdnm{$ e` {ma}gnj
~dvj nm dg{~y}lmg~j{, nm keyk~my {dli`dkj, t le{ kjlv`mbj' Mg m{~m {mg~dnj, keim
{me`ey u}m `e ege`jae mg~ym cmyyeldmg~e le~myde` t {dagj, ie{ene mg `e o}gkdg
lmnde~drenjye nm elij{ mg `e ym`ekdg u}m m` cjliym ~dmgm kjg m` lmndj, mg gdgag ke{j
eaj~e m` kjg~mgdnj nm `e ke~majye lmndenjye , v}m{ `e ndomymgkde o}gnelmg~e` m{ u}m m`
dg{~y}lmg~j vyjjke ljndodkekdjgm{ mg m` jibm~j nm {} ek~ddnen, mg kelidj, m` {dagj gj
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5;kelide gene m` jibm~j nm `e jvmyekdg v{dkj`adke, m{ mg {, m` lmndj nm `e ekkdg
v{dkj`adke {jiym m` kjlvjy~eldmg~j #[c}eym, 544=$' Kjlj {me`e _taj~{hd2^jne `e cd{~jyde nm` nm{eyyj``j v{dkj`adkj nm }g gdj, gj{ mg{me u}mnm{nm `j{ vydlmyj{ ne{ nm dne, {} enev~ekdg {m `jaye vjy lmndj{{jkde`m{, e ~ye { nm `e{ vmy{jge{ u}m `m yjnmeg ' M` ~yeg{d~ j, mg~jgkm{, nm`e e idj`adke nm nm {eyyj``j e `e {jkde` m{ m ` m{`eig kmg~ye` mg m` vyjkm{jnm nm{eyyj``j, m` v}g~j nm dyebm yendke` nm `e cd{~jyde nm` kjlvjy~eldmg~jnm` gdj''''t m{ eu}, njgnm m ` `mga}ebm b}mae }g vevm ` nm vydlmy jynmg '
M{ mg m{~m g}mj ~dvj nm ym`ekdg u}m m` cjliym m{~ei`mkm ecjye gj {j`j kjg `e
ge~}ye`mre {dgj ~elidg kjg j~yj{ cjliym{ e ~ye{ nm `e k}`~}ye, u}m m` legmbj nm `j{
ndmy{j{ ~dvj{ nm cmyyeldmg~e{, m{vmkde`lmg~m {dli`dke{, kjlj m` `mga}ebm , `j u}m {dgn}ne leyke }ge ~yeg{dkdg nm vey~dk}`ey dlvjy~egkde, te u}m m` {dagj, nmydenj nm `e
ek~ddnen {jkde`lmg~m kjlvey~dne, vydlmyj {}yam veye yma}`ey `e{ kjgn}k~e{ nm j~yj{ t
vj{~mydjylmg~m `e{ vyjvde{, dg~myge`dregnj{m veye m{~y}k~}yey ayeg vey~m nm` nm{eyyj``j
v{dkj`adkj, kjg{~d~}tgnj{m mg m` vydgkdve` yaegj j lmndj v{dkj{jkde` nm enev~ekdg, e{,
`e ge~}ye`mre v{dkj`adke nm` cjliym ymvym{mg~e gj {`j }g kjgb}g~j nm ceid`dnenm{
idj`adke{, {dgj ~elidg, m` kjgb}g~j nm `e{ ym`ekdjgm{ {jkde`m{, ~ye{`enene{ e` dg~mydjy t
kjgmy~dne{ mg o}gkdjgm{ nm `e vmy{jge`dnen t ojyle{ nm {} m{~y}k~}ye #_tj~{hd, vv $' ^e`
kjlj msvym{eye _taj~{hd mg {} kevd~e` jiye #Vmg{eldmg~j t @mga}ebm$2
M` vyjkm{j nm nm{eyyj``j dgk`}tm gmkm{eydelmg~m `e gmaekdg nm` v}g~jdgdkde` t m` ljdldmg~j cekde ojyle{ {}vmydjym{ nm ekkdg u}m gj {mmgk}mg~yeg e` kjldmgrj, {dgj e` odge` nm` keldgj nm` nm{eyyj``j'' ' ^ye~e lj{nm nml j{~ye y klj `e ve `eiye, dg~m`mk~}e`dregnj{m t nm{eyyj``gnj{m {jiym`e ie{m nm `e e kkdg, m`me e {~e e ` gdm` {}vmydjy, `e {}ijyndge e` vjnmy nm`gdj, vjgm {jiym `e ekkdg m` {m``j nm `e j`}g~en''' vjnyelj{ nmkdy2 {d e`kjldmgrj nm` nm{eyyj``j {m mgk}mg~ye `e ekkdg, dgnmvmgndmg~m nm `eve`eiye, e ` odge` {m m gk}mg~ye `e ve`eiye u}m {m ce kjgmy~dnj mg ekkdg' @eve`eiye, u}m cekm `diym e `e ekkdg nm` cjliym #kd~' mg [c}eym, 5446', vv' ?4$'
E `e `}r nm m{~e kjgkmvkdg nm` nm{eyyj``j nm `e{ o}gkdjgm{ v{u}dke{ {}vmydjym{
#vyjvdelmg~m c}lege{$ m{ u}m mg~jgkm{ v}mnm kjlvymgnmy{m `j _taj~{hd vj{~}`eie kjlj
`e @mt nm` nm{eyyj``j c}legj, `e eodylekdg nm u}m2
`e o}gkdg v{dkj`adke, mg m` nm{eyyj``j k}`~}y e` nm` gdj, eve ymkm nj{ mkm{2}ge mr mg m` v`egj {jkde`, kjlj o}gkdg kjlvey~dne mg~ym nj{ vmy{jge{,kjlj o}gkdg dg~myv{dkj`adke t }ge {ma}gne mr, mg m` v`egj v{dkj`adkj,kjlj o}gkdg nm } g {j`j dgnddn}j, kjl j o}gkdg dg~yev {dkj`adke'
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5>Nmg~yj nm m{~m leykj, `j {jkde` dlv`dke u}m dgk`}{j ~jnj `j k}`~}ye` m{ {jkde`
#[c}eym, 544;$' ^e` kjlj msvjgm [c}eym #5446', vv' ?5$, `j {jkde` gj kjgndkdjge `jv{u}dkj mg m` {mg~dnj nm eaymaey`m }ge ndlmg{dg l{ {}vmyv}m{~e e `j vyjvdelmg~m
v{u}dkj, {dgj u}m kjg{~d~}tm {} m{mgkde, gj {`j ymo`mbe m` l}gnj, `j ymkjg{~y}tm t `j
kyme, t mg m{~m vyjkm{j, ~elidg {m jyaegdre t kjg{~y}tm e {d ld{lj cd{~ydkelmg~m8 e{,
`e cd{~jyde nm `e v{du}d{ c}lege m{ `e cd{~jyde {jkde` nm {} kjg{~d~}kdg #[c}eym, 54446',
vv' ?5$' Kjlj eaymae Ajgr`mrYmt2
' ' ' mg m{~e cd{~jyde, `j {jkde` {m kjg{~d~}tm mg }g g}mj {d{~mlem{mgkde`lm g~m ndomymg~m 2 `e {}ibm~ddnen8 m{~e ndodmym nm eu}m` vjy m` ~dvj nm
jyaegdrekdg u}m `m ym{}`~e vyjvdj, e{ kjlj vjy `e{ }gdnenm{ t vyjkm{j{ u}m`e kjg{~d~}tmg, mg `j{ k}e`m{ `j {jkde` eveymkm mg ojyle {}ibm~de, {jljym{}`~enj nm }ge kjlv`mbe lmnde~drekdg nm `e cd{~jyde eg~mydjy nm` cjliymkjgmy~dne mg {}ibm~ddnen'
@e {}ibm~ddnen, nm kjg{~d~}dne, ve{e e ~mgm y keyk~my kjg{~d~}tmg~m nm keneg}me enu}d{dkdg u}m eveymkm e `j `eyaj nm {} nm{eyyj``j' ^jne g}meenu}d{dkdg {my m` ym{}`~enj nm `e lmnde~drekdg {}ibm~de nm `j ek~}e`,vyjkm{j mg m` u}m }ge msvmydmgkde ms~myge mg {} jydamg, {m kjgdmy~m mgdg~myge v jy {} ge~}ye `mre' M{~m ve{j gj m{ }ge ~ye g{vj{dkdg nm v`egj{, {dgj`e ~yeg{ojylekdg k}e`d~e~de u}m dlv`dke m` ~yg{d~j nm }ge msvmydmgkde nm}g {d{~mle e j~yj' #5441', vv' =9$
Nm m{~e ojyle, m` vyjkm{j nm m{~y}k~}yekdg v{dkj`adke m{~ ie{enj o}my~mlmg~m
mg `e enu}d{dkdg t }{j nm cmyyeldmg~e{ k}`~}ye`m{, {dmgnj m` `mga}ebm vyjiei`mlmg~m `e
vydgkdve` cmyyeldmg~e' Ecjye idmg, m{~m vj{~}`enj, veye _taj~{hd m{~ `mbj{ nm ~mgmy }g
e`jy gjldge`, ~elidmg ~dmgm dlv`dkegkde{ lm~jnj`adkee{ ndymk~e{ u}m e kjg~dg}ekdg {m
ege`dreyeg'
M` ^yele nj Lm~jnj`adkj D g~m ygj nm `e Vyjv}m{~e _taj~ehdege '
Kjlj {m ce eya}lmg~enj, `e kjgkmvkdg m{mgkde`lmg~m g}me nm `j v{u}dkj mg m`
v`egj nm `e yme`dnen jg~j`adke nm `e ~mjye taj~{hdege dlv`dke, nm legmye gmkm{eyde, m`
nm{eyyj``j dgdkde` nm }g l~jnj u}m msv`du}m `e{ ~yeg{ojylekdjgm{ u}m {}oymg `j{ vyjkm{j{
v{u}dkj{ e `j `eyaj nm {} nm{eyyj``j #[c}eym, 544=$, t {d idmg m{ kdmy~j, nm{nm }g v`egj
~mydkj, _taj~{hd v`eg~meie u}m mye `ma~dlj u}m `e v{dkj`jae {m g}~ydmye nm ndomymg~m{
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5=u}mcekmym{ t nd{kdv`dge{ dgk`}{j od`j{odke{, m{~m vyjkm{j nmie ney{m mg o}gkdg nm
jibm~dj{ t l~jnj{ nm m{~}ndj vyjvdj{' Kjlj msvjgm Ajgr`mrYmt #5441$, veye_taj~{hd `e v{dkj`jae nmie,'' {my kever nm nm{eyyj``ey {}{ vyjvde{ ke~majye{ t vydgkdvdj{
mg m` nm{eyyj``j nm }ge ~mjye vey~dk}`ey' [dg mlieyaj, veye nm{eyyj``ey m{~m {d{~mle
~mydkj dg~mayenjy, m` l~jnj ce nm {my enmk}enj e` jibm~j u}m {m m{~}nde, t e `e `}r nm
m{~m eg`d{d{, mye u}m veye _taj~{hd #54 ', vv' $ `e v{dkj`jae, ''' gj {eim mgojkey
enmk}enelmg~m m` vyji`mle nm `j{ vyjkm{j{ {}vmydjym{' M{~j {dagdodkeie u}m keymkm nm
l~jnj veye {} dgm{~daekdg' Mg m{~m {mg~dnj, m` vyji`mle nm kjlvymgnmy m`
l ~jnj nm{eyyj``enj vjy _t aj~{hd, gj m{ e`aj {mk}gneydj, {dgj u}m ~e `mr {me `e
gdke ojyle nm vjnmy mg~mgnmy e _taj~{hd, t nm kjg{~d~}dy e `e v{dkj`jae kjlj
}ge kdmgkde#Qmy~{kc, 544;$'
M` vyji`mle nm` L~jnj'
Vydlmyj, keim mg~mgnmy u}m m{ `j u}m _taj~{hd #5446i$ mg~mgne kjlj l~jnj, t
m` e`jy u}m {~m nmie ~mgmy nmg~yj nm` nm{eyyj``j nm `e v{dkj`jae kdmg~odke' Veye
_taj~{hd #5446i, v' ;5>$ ''' `e ve`eiye l~jnj dgk`}tm nj{ kj{e{ nd{~dg~e{2 #5$ `e
lm~jnj`jae nm `e dgm{~daekdg, m` vyjkmndldmg~j ~kgdkj t #9$ m` l~jnj nm
kjgjkdldmg~j, u}m nm~myldge m` jibm~dj nm `e dgm{~daekdg, m` keyk~my t `e ge~}ye`mre nm
`e kdmgkde'Iebj `e vydlmye ekmvkdg, _taj~{hd eay}veie ~jnj `j ymomymg~m m{vmkodkelmg~m
e` v`egj nm` nd{mj msvmydlmg~e` vyjvdelmg~m ~e`, m` nm `e msvmydlmg~ekdg t kjg~yj` nm
eydei`m{' [dg mlieyaj, m{~m ~dvj nm kjgkmvkdg nm` l~jnj, gj v}mnm vjy {d ld{lj nmkdy
gene ym{vmk~j nm u}m m{ `j u}m {m nmim kjg~yj`ey, gd kjg u}m odg, t mg gdgag ke{j v}mnm
nmkdygj{ vmy{gene ym{vmk~j nm kjlj m{~}ndey m` nm{eyyj``j nm `e{ o}gkdjgm{ v{dkj`adke{
{}vmydjym{' M` kjgb}g~j nm vyjkmndldmg~j{ t ve{j{ u}m gj{ kjgn}rke e e kjlvymg{dg m
dnmg~dodkekdg nm` jibm~j nm m{~}ndj e{ kjlj nm` kjgb}g~j nm vyjvdmnenm{, e~ydi}~j{ t
ym`ekdjgm{ u}m `j nmodgmg, nmim {my oy}~j nm j~yj ~dvj nm eg`d{d{ u}m _taj~{hd dnmg~dodke
kjg `e {ma}gne ekmvkdg u}m `m j~jyae e` kjgkmv~j nm l~jnj '
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5?Nm }g ljnj {dlv`m, t {dg kmg~yeygj{ mg `e{ eya}lmg~ekdjgm{, eg`d{d{, dgo`}mgkde{
t yerjgeldmg~j{ u}m {da}m _taj~{hd veye ``maey e ndkcj{ {}v}m{~j{ #t u}m mg vey~m cmlj{ymd{enj e `e `}r nm {} ky~dke e` n}e`d{lj v{dkj`adkj$, vjnmlj{ nmkdy u}m {~e {ma}gne
ekmvkdg nm `j lm~jnj`adkj m{ `e u}m _taj~{hd ~ye~e nm v`e{ley mg }g l~jnj
amg~dkj vey~dk}`ey, u}m kjgb}a}m `j{ vj{~}`enj{ ~mydkj{ amgmye`m{' M{~j{ ~ym{ ayegnm{
v`eg~meldmg~j{ taj~{hdegj{, #5$ `e dlvjy~egkde nm` }{j nm }g l~jnj amg~dkj mg
v{dkj`jae, #9$ `e gjkdg nm u}m `e{ o}gkdjgm{ lmg~e`m{ {}vmydjym{ mg m` dgnddn}j mlmyamg
nm vyjkm{j{ {jkde`m{, t #;$ `e gjkdg nm u}m `j{ vyjkm{j{ c}legj{, {jkde`m{ t v{dkj`adkj{
m{~g ojylenj{ o}gnelmg~e`lmg~m vjy cmyyeldmg~e{ k}`~}ye`m{, j ojyle{ lmndekdjge`m{,kjgojyleg mg~ym { }g mynenmyj {d{~mle ~mydkj lm~jnj`adkj, v}m{ gdga}gj v}mnm {my
m{~}ndenj ed{`enelmg~m {dg u}m {~m ymld~e gmkm{eydelmg~m, mg e`ag j~yj ljlmg~j, e
j~yj nm `j{ v`eg~meldmg~j{'
Veye _taj~{hd, m{ m` eb}{~m vey~dk}`ey mg~ym jibm~j t ojyle nm m{~}ndj, m` jibm~j
kmg~ye` nm ymo`msdg t eg`d{d{ m dg{~egkde nm `e k}e` nmieg nmydey{m `e{ ojyle{ t nd{mj{
msvmydlmg~e`m{ kjgkym~j{ u}m vmyld~dmyeg t o}gnelmg~eyeg `e kjg{~d~}kdg t nm{eyyj``j nm
`e v{dkj`jae kjlj }ge nd{kdv`dge kdmg~odke' Mg kjgkym~j, _taj~{hd eb}{~eie m{~j{ v`egj{ e
~ye{ nm j{ {da}dmg~m{ ve{j{2
5 ' @e D nmg~ dodkekdg nm njldgdj{ amg~dkj{'9 ' @e D nmg~dodkekdg nm v}g~j{ ky~dkj{ mg kene njldgdj amg~dkj t* j
o}gkdg v{dkj`adke'
;' @e }~d`drekdg nm }gdnenm{ lj`eym{ nm eg`d{d{ mg `e dg~my{mkkdg nm `j{v}g ~j{ ky~dkj{'
D nmg~dodkekdg nm Njldgdj{ Amg ~dkj{2
Veye _taj~{hd, k}e`u}dmy nm{kydvkdg amgmye` enmk}ene nm `e kjgn}k~e c}lege
nmim m{~ey eodegrene mg }g eg`d{d{ mj`}~dj, t mg m{~m {mg~dnj, }ge evyjsdlekdg
amg~dke gj m{ {j`j }ge mg~ym l}kce{ j~ye{, veye _taj~{hd #5413', vv $, m` m{~}ndj
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51cd{~ydkj nm `e kjgn}k~e, gj m{ }g e{vmk~j e}sd`dey nm` m{~}ndj ~mydkj, {dgj u}m m{~ e `e
ie{m' Kjg m{~m kjlvyjld{j amgmye` cekde m` l~jnj amg~dkj, _taj~{hd t @}yde #544=',vv' $ ~jleyjg kjlj v}g~j nm eg`d{d{ dgdkde`, m` dnmg~dodkey `e{ ''' ~ym{ `gme{ vydgkdve`m{
mg m` nm{eyyj``j nm `e kjgn}k~e', `e od`jamg~dke, `e cd{~ydke t `e jg~jamg~dke' Mg `e
dg~yjn}kkdg cmkce e` ~yeiebj M{~}ndj{ {jiym `e cd{~jyde nm` kjlvjy~eldmg~j #544=$,
_taj~{hd nm{kydim {} l~jnj amgmye` kjlj {da}m2
Gj mye g}m{~ye dg~mgkdg, m` ney }ge kjlv`m~e nm{kydvkdg e ayeg m{ke`e nmkene }g j nm m{~j{ ~ym{ vyjkm{j{ nm` nm{eyyj``j' D gk`}{j gd {du}dmye cml j{dg~mg~enj nm~e``ey kjlv`m~elmg~m mg ~jnj{ `j{ e{vmk~j{ nm `e{ kjgn}k~e{vyjv de{ nm `j{ {dldj{, `j{ cjl iyme { vydld~dj{ j `j{ gdj{'
Le{ u}m vym{mg~ey ~jnj m` vyjkm{j mg {} v`mgd~}n, gj{ cmlj{ ym{~ydgadnj e{me`ey `e{ vydgkdve`m{ leyke{ mg `e c}m``e nm `e mj`}kdg v{dkj`adke mg {}{eydj{ v}g~j{ nm adyj' Nm m{~e ojyle, mg kene mg{etj, cmlj{ ymm`enj `j{gmsj{ m{mgkde`m{ u}m ceg {mydnj veye kjgmk~ey }g m{~enj nm ` nm{eyyj``j nm`kjlvjy~eldmg~j kjg m` {da}dmg~m' E` cekmy`j nm m{~e legmye,kjg{kdmg~mlmg~m cmlj{ `dld~enj `j{ kjg~mgdnj{ nm `j{ mg{etj{ e {`j `emj`}kdg nm `e{ ojyle{ nm` kjlvjy~el dmg~j'
D nmg~dodkekdg nm v}g~j{ ky~dkj{ mg kene njl dgdj amg ~dkj2
@e kjgkmvkdg u}m _taj~{hd t @}yde ~mgeg nm` kjgkmv~j nm{eyyj``j, k`eyelmg~m
ndodmym nm kjlj {m `j ~ye~e amgmye`lmg~m, mg~mgndgnj`j len}ye~delmg~m t ev`dkenj ke{d
msk`}{delmg~m e `e jg~jagm{d{ #mg m{vmkde`, ymn}kdgnj`j e` vmyjnj nm `e gdmr t `e
enj`m{kmgkde$' Mg kjg~ye{~m e {~m mgoju}m, _taj~{hd t @}yde v`eg~meieg u}m }g eg`d{d{
amg~dkj nmim eieykey `j{ ~ym{ njldgdj{ amg~dkj{, v}m{ ~jne ojyle nm o}gkdjgeldmg~j
lmg~e` ymo`mbe `e ~yeg{dkdg amg~dke u}m `e jydmg~e t ndydam, t vjy `j ~eg~j, e `e cjye nm
ege`drey`e nmim ~jley{m mg k}mg~e `j{ ljlmg~j{, j v}g~j{ ky~dkj{ u}m leykeg {}
ndgldke t {} kjg{~d~}kdg amg~dke'
5' Mg m` ke{j nm` njldgdj od`jamg~dkj2M` }{j t `e dgmgkdg nm cmyyel dmg~e{ vjy `j{ {dldj{ eg~yjvjdnm{ gj{ ``me e`odg nm` m{~enj jyagdkj nm` nm{eyyj``j kjlvjy~elmg~e` mg `e {mk}mgkdemj`}~de, t vymveye m` keldgj veye }ge ~yeg{dkdg nm ~jnj m` nm{eyyj``j e}ge g}me {mgne, kymegnj nm m{~e ojyle, m` vydgkdve` vymyymu}d{d~jv{dkj`adkj nm` nm{eyyj``j cd{~ydkj nm` kjlvjy~eldmg~j'
9' Mg m` ke{j nm` v`egj {jkdjcd{~ydkj2
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53M` ~yeiebj t, m{~ymkcelmg~m }gdnj e m{~j, m` nm{eyyj``j nm` cei`e c}lege tj~yj{ {dagj{ v{dkj`adkj{ }{enj{ vjy m` cjliym vydld~dj `m vmyld~mg
ji~mgmy kjg~yj` {jiym {}{ kjgn}k~e{, `j u}m {dagdodke m` kjldmgrj nm `ekjgn}k~e cd{~ydke j k}`~}ye ` mg m` v yjvdj {mg~ dnj nm `e ve`eiye'
;' T odge`lmg~m, mg m` ke{j nm` njldgdj jg~jamg~dkj2' ' ' , mg m` nm{eyyj``j nm` gdj, k`eyelmg~m mlj{ }ge {ma}gne `gme nmnm{eyyj``j veye `m`e e `j{ vyjkm{j{ nm kymkdldmg~j jyagdkj t l en}yekdjge`,m{~j m{, mlj{ m` nm{eyyj``j k}`~}ye` nm` kjlvjy~eldmg~j ie{enj mg `eenu}d{dkdg nm ceid`dnenm{ t ljnj{ nm kjgn}k~e t vmg{eldmg~jm{vmkodkelm g~m k}`~}ye`m{'
Mg ym{}lmg2@j{ ~ym{ omglmgj{ {jg {g~jle{ nm `e{ g}me{ mye{ mg `e mj`}kdg nm`
kjlvjy~el dmg~j, {dagj{ u}m gj{ l}m{~yeg kelidj{ mg m` ~dvj nm nm{eyyj``jld{lj' Nm m{~e legmye, gj{ cmlj{ kjgkmg~yenj mg `j{ v}g~j{ nm kelidj,mg `j{ m{~enj{ ky~dkj{ mg m` nm{eyyj``j nm `e kjgn}k~e' Kjg{dnmyelj{ `j{{da}dmg~m{ m{~enj{ kjlj v}g~j{ ky~dkj{2 #e$ m` }{j nm cmyyeldmg~e{ mgljgj{, # i$ m` ~ye iebj t m ` }{j nm {dagj{ v{dkj`adkj{ mg m` cjli ym vydl d~dj,t `e ndd{dg nm `e ` gme nm nm{eyyj``j, mg ` gme{ v{dkj`adkj ge~}ye ` tv{dkj`adkj k}`~}ye ` nm nm {eyyj``j, mg `j{ gdj{'
Kene v}g~j kyd~dkj nm kelidj m{ d{~j vydleydelmg~m nm{nm `e ie{m nm u}me`aj g}mj m{ dg~yjn}kdnj vjy m{~m m{~enj mg m` vyjkm{j nm nm{eyyj``j' M{e{ kjlj, ~ye~elj{ e kene m{~enj kjlj }g v}g~j nm vey~dne veye o}~}yj{vyjkm{j{ nm m j`}kdg'
Mg `e ek~}e`dnen, {m i}{ke m{~}ndey dg~mayenelmg~m `j{ nd{~dg~j{ njldgdj{
amg~dkj{, mg o}gkdg nm kjg~ms~j{ le{ elv`dj{ nm dgo`}mgkde t nm{eyyj``j nm `j{ {}bm~j{,
vmyj vym{myegnj `e{ vey~dk}`eydnenm{ nm {} kjg{~d~}kdg t o}gkdjgeldmg~j #Vde~m`d
Ve`leydge t Ljydg', 5439', Iy}gmy, 5446, 5434, Qmy~{kc, 544;$' M{ e{ kjlj Iy}gmy t
Ce{~m #5446', v' 5?=$ vyjvjgmg }g leykj ym{vmk~j nm `j{ nd{~dg~j{ gdm`m{ nm vyjn}kkdg
nm {dagdodkenj e` dg~mydjy nm }ge, mg m` {da}dmg~m m{u}mle2
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54
Ym{vmk~j nm `e ym`ekdg nm elij{ njldgdj{ kjg m` v`egj od`jamg~dkj, mg i}mge
lmndne nmim kjg{dnmyey{m eg }ge ~eyme vmgndmg~m, t `j{ ~yeiebj{ nm _taj~{hd e` ym{vmk~j
#_taj~{hd t @}yde, 544=$, vdjgmyj{ #my Qmy~{kc, 544=', v $'
M{~e {malmg~ekdg mg njldgdj{ amg~dkj{ nm` nm{eyyj``j c}legj, `m{ vmyld~d, e
_taj~{hd t @}yde, eydj{ ~dvj{ nm eg`d{d{, nm{~ekegnj nj{2
5' Vjy }g `enj, e{}ldy }ge vj{dkdg eg~dymkevd~}`ekdjgd{~e, nm{mkcegnj k}e`u}dmyvj{~}`enj u}m vym~mgndmye veye`m`drey `j{ njldgdj{ amg~dkj{ mg `j{ vyjkm{j{ nm
nm{eyyj``j, mg m{~m {mg~dnj, _taj~{hd t @}yde #544>$ eya}lmg~eg u}m kene njldgdj
ymvym{mg~e }ge g}me mye mg `e mj`}kdg nm` kjlvjy~eldmg~j2 }g vyjkm{j nm
nm{eyyj``j nde`k~dkj vymveye m` keldgj veye m` {da}dmg~m, kelidegnj t
~yeg{ojylgnj{m mg }g g}mj ~dvj nm nm{eyyj``j' @e ``em nm m{~m ~dvj nm eg`d{d{
m{ m` ymkjgjkdldmg~j nm `e msd{~mgkde nm kelidj{ mg m` ~dvj nm nm{eyyj``j ld{lj'
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969' Vjy j~yj `enj, m{~m ~dvj nm eg`d{d{ vmyld~m m{~}ndey, `j{ nd{~dg~j{ vydgkdvdj{ nm`
nm{eyyj``j vym{mg~m{ mg kene njldgdj amg~dkj, kjg `e enmk}ene dgnmvmgnmgkde,{dg ~mgmy u}m nmbey m` kjgjkdldmg~j nm kene njldgdj e }ge lmye amgmye`drekdg nm
`j{ ne~j{ ji~mgdnj{ nm` m{~}ndj nm j~yj njldgdj'
Kjg m{~j mg lmg~m, _taj~{hd t @}yde dnmg~dodkeyjg `j{ v}g~j{ ky~dkj{ mg m` nm{eyyj``j
nm` cjliym' Mg m{~m {mg~dnj, j{ vyjkm{j{ nm nm{eyyj``j, mg kene njldgdj amg~dkj,
m{~eyeg ajimygenj{ vjy o}myre{ t vyjvdmnenm{ ym`e~delmg~m gdke{ nm` njldgdj amg~dkj'
Ym{vmk~j nm m{~m ve{j lm~jnj`adkj, e`a}gj{ e}~jym{ #Qmy~{kc, 5449, 544=, ^}`d{~m, $ceg v`eg~menj u}m `e `gme ndd{jyde mg~ym `j{ njldgdj{ amg~dkj{ {jg nm cmkcj, gj ~eg
k`eyj{ kjlj _taj~{hd t @}yde veymkdmyjg e{}ldy' Mg m` ke{j nm` njldgdj od`jamg~dkj,
ymkdmg~m{ ce``eraj{ mg `e eg~yjvj`jae o{dke t mg eyu}mj`jae dgndkeg u}m `e cjldgdndrekdg
le{ idmg dgj`}ky }g ms~mg{j vmyjnj nm {j`eveldmg~j #e` ymnmnjy nm nj{ ld``jgm{ nm
ej{$ mg~ym `e od`jagm{d{ t `e cd{~jyde {jkdjk}`~}ye` #Qmy~{kc 543=, 5449$, vjy `j u}m m`
{j`eveldmg~j le{dj msd{~mg~m mg~ym m{j{ njldgdj{ amg~dkj{ #my Ve`leydgd, L' / Ljydg,
5439$ {dagdodke u}m m` nm{eyyj``j k}`~}ye` j lmbjy ndkcj vyj~jk}`~}ye` j~jya vey~m nm`
kjg~ms~j mg `e k}e` `e mj`}kdg jyagdke {m v}nj eodegrey n}yeg~m `e cjldgdrekdg'
Vyjiei`mlmg~m, kjlj {}admym Qmy~{kc #5433$, m` vyjkm{j ege`~dkj mg {, nm
dnmg~dodkey v}g~j{ ky~dkj{ gj {me nm` ~jnj enmk}enj {d {m vym~mgnm e~ydi}dy`m{ }g vm{j
msv`dke~dj mg {, mg m{~m {mg~dnj, m{~m ve{j nmim mg~mgnmy{m lj`eylmg~m kjlj }g
leykenjy nm` ve{j nm }g ~dvj nm nm{eyyj` j } jyaegdrekdg v{dkj`adke e j~yj, mg o}gkdg nm
`e{ cmyyeldmg~e{ dgj`}kyene{ mg ndkcj{ kelidj{, mg k}e`u}dmye nm `j{ njldgdj{
amg~dkj{ j yme nm m{~}ndj v{dkj`adkj mg k}m{~dg #lmljyde, vmykmvkdg, e~mgkdg, m~k'$'
Vjy m{~j, ~e` eg`d{d{ nmim cekmy{m kjgb}g~elmg~m ym{vmk~j nm `j{ j~yj{ ljlmg~j{ e`
ym{vmk~j, mg k}te dg~mynm~myldgekdg nmim i}{key{m m` keyk~my msv`dke~dj nm`
v`eg~meldmg~j taj~{hdegj'
Mg ~yldgj{ amgmye`m{, m{ vj{di`m dnmg~dodkey m{~e vyjvdmnen ege`~dke nm` l~jnj
taj~{hdegj kjg m` eb}{~m m{ke`ey u}m nm{kydim Legnm`iyj~ #544=$ kjlj ie{m nm
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95k}e`u}dmy eg`d{d{ ~jvj`adkj nm `e{ vyjvdmnenm{ ndgldke{ mg m{~}ndj #{m vyjo}gndrey
le{ e` ym{vmk~j, mg m` kev~}`j ;$, mg m{~m {mg~dnj, keim nm{~ekey kjlj {}{~eg~dj nm`mgoju}m taj~{hdegj, m` dg~my{ vjy m{~}ndey m` ve{j nm }g nm~myldgenj ~dvj nm
jyaegdrekdg j o}gkdg v{dkj`adke,''' e j~yj #e$, t m{~m ve{j gj v}mnm ev`dkey{m
lmkgdkelmg~m, {dgj mg kjlv`mlmg~eydmnen kjg `j{ j~yj{ ve{j{ lm~jnj`adkj{ nm`
eg`d{d{ taj~{hdegj' M{~m ~dvj nm {dld`d~}n m{ke`ey nm` eg`d{d{ taj~{hdegj, v}mnm
dgk`}{j ji{myey{m mg yme{ nm m{~}ndj l}kcj l{ ym{~ydgadnj{, t e nd{~dg~j{ gdm`m{', vjy
mbmlv`j, `j u}m Qmy~{kc nmgjldge eg`d{d{ ldkyj amg~dkj #my Qmy~{kc, 543=, 5449$'
[da}dmgnj m{~e dnme, `j{ ~ym{ ve{j{ lm~jnj`adkj{ i{dkj{ dnmg~dodkenj{ vjy _taj~{hd#njldgdj amg~dkj, v}g~j{ ky~dkj{, t }gdnenm{ nm eg`d{d{ nm ~dvj lj`ey$ nmimg {my
kjg{dnmyenj{ kjlj eb}{~m{ m{ke`eym{ nm }g ld{lj vyjkm{j nm ji{myekdg, j u}m vmyld~m
`e kjlv`mlmg~eydmnen t ymmy{did`dnen ege`~dke nm `e ~mjye' Vjy m{~e{ yerjgm{, m` {d{~mle
lm~jnj`adkj taj~{hdegj, {`j nmim mg~mgnmy{m e `e `}r nm` ~mykmy ve{j #6:$'
M` ]{j nm ]gdnenm{ lj`e ym{'
M{~m v}g~j nmim mg~mgnmy{m e vey~dy nm `e kjgkmvkdg }gd~eyde u}m _taj~{hd ~mge
nm` o}gkdjgeldmg~j t kjg{~d~}kdg nm `e kjgkdmgkde t `e{ o}gkdjgm{ v{dkj`adke{ mg m`
cjliym, mg m` kjg~ms~j nm {} nm~myldgekdg {jkdjcd{~ydke #~mle{ 5 t 9$' M{~e kjgkmvkdg,
gj vjne {my {j`elmg~m }g vj{~}`enj ~mydkj, vjy `j u}m nmie ``mey dlv`dkegkde{ nm
m{~}ndj k`eye{' ^e` kjlj m` ld{lj _taj~{hd m{kydim e` ym{vmk~j mg m` dgdkdj nm {} jiye,
Vmg{eldmg~j t @mga}ebm #5449', v' $2
@e gjkdg nm `e kjgkdmgkde kjlj }g ~jnj t nm `e ym`ekdjgm{ mg~ym {}{ndomymg~m{ o}gkdjgm{, dgnd{jkdei`m{ mg m` k}y{j nm `e ek~ddnen, gj m{ geneg}m j veye `e v{dkj`jae ek~}e `' Vmyj `e }gdnen nm `e kjgkdmgkde t `ekjgmsdg m g~ym `e{ nd{~dg~e{ o}gkdjgm{ {}m`mg ymvym{mg~e y mg v{dkj`jae l{idmg }g vj{~}`enj u}m }g jibm~dj nm dgm{~daekdg' M{ l{, e` vj{~}`ey `e}gdnen o}gkdjge` nm `e kjgkdmgkde, `e v{dkj`jae e{}le kjlj o}gnelmg~j nm{}{ dgm{~daekdjgm{, b}g~j e ~e` dgnd{k}~di`m {}vj{dkdg, m` vj{~}`enjkjlv`m~elmg~m oe`{j, ekmv~enj ~kd~elmg~m vjy ~jnj{ e}g {dg ojyl}`ey`jkjg k`eydnen, kjg{d{~mg~m mg ymkjgjkmy `e dgeydeid`dnen t `e kjg{~egkde nm`e{ kjgmsdjgm{ dg~my o}gkdjge`m{ nm `e kjgkdmgkde t {}vjgmy u}m `evmykmvkdg m{~ {dmlvym t nm ` ld{lj ljnj `daene e `e e ~mgkdg, `e l ml jyde`j m{~ {dmlvym t nm` ld{lj ljnj `daene e `e vmykmvkdg, m` vmg{eldmg~j
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99kjg `e lmljyde, m~k' M{~j dlv`dkj, ge~}ye`lmg~m, u}m `e{ kjgmsdjgm{ dg~myo}gkdjge`m{ u}mneyeg o}mye nm` veyg~ m{d{ mg ke`dnen nm kjg{~eg~m{, {dg {my
~jlene{ mg kjg{dnmyekdg mg `e{ jvmyekdjgm{ nm dgm{~daekdg nm `e{ndomymg~m{ o}gkdjgm{ ed{`ene{'
Veye u}m `e kjgkmvkdg }gd~eyde nm `j{ vyjkm{j{ v{dkj`adkj{ {}vmydjym{ {m
msvym{eye mg e ojyle nm mgojkey {} m{~}ndj, nmieg amgmyey{m ke~majye{ nm eg`d{d{ u}m
vmyld~dmyeg kjg{myey `e{ keyek~my{~dke{ m{mgkde`m{ nm `e{ o}gkdjgm{ {}vmydjym{ nm `e
kjgkdmgkde mg {} kjg~ek~j amg~dkj kjg m` l}gnj {jkde`, t u}m Yddmym #5434', vv $
ym{}lm mg {} kjgb}g~j mg `j{ {da}dmg~m{ v}g~j{2
5' Gj y mn}kkdjgd{~e{'9' Msv`dke~dj{';' Nm keyk~my amg~dkj' #Nde`k~dkj$'
Veye _taj~{hd, `e nm{kjlvj{dkdg nm `e{ o}gkdjgm{ v{dkj`adke{ {}vmydjym{ mg
kjlvjgmg~m{ dgkjgmsj{ te mg m` eg`d{d{, mye }g myyjy, v}m{ nddne nm{nm }g vydgkdvdj `j
u}m lm~jnj`adkelmg~m nmie {my m{~}ndenj kjlj }gdnen, dlv`dkegnj }ge nm{~y}kkdg nm
`j{ omglmgj{ m{~}ndenj{, v}m{ {dg `e vym{myekdg nm `e{ kjgmsdjgm{ t ym`ekdjgm{ mg m`
eg`d{d{, {~j{ vmyneg {}{ e{vmk~j{ vmk}`deym{ t mtm{ nm jyaegdrekdg' M{ e{ kjlj
_taj~{hd #5449$ nd{~dga}e nj{ ~dvj{ nm eg`d{d{2
5' ]g vydlmy ~dvj nm eg`d{d{, u}m {m v}mnmnmgjldgey2''' nm nm{kjlvj{dkdg nm kjgb}g~j{ v{u}dkj{ kjlv`mbj{ mg {}{ m`mlmg~j{ #mg njgnm$ @j m{mgkde` nm m{~m ~dvj nm eg`d{d{ kjg{d{~m mg u}m ji~dmgm, kjljym{}`~enj, vyjn}k~j{ nm ge~}ye`mre nd{~dg~e e `e nm` kjgb}g~j ege`drenj,m`mlmg~j{ vydenj{ nm `e{ vyjvdmnenm{ dgcmymg~m{ e` kjgb}g~j vmyj nj~enj{nm j~ye { g}me{ m dg{j{vmkcene{ mg eu}` _taj~{hd #5446 e, v' V t @'$'
M{~m vydlmy ~dvj nm eg`d{d{ ev`dkenj mg v{dkj`jae, m{vmkodkelmg~m e` vyji`mle nm
`e ym`ekdg vmg{eldmg~j`mga}ebm ym{}`~eie kjg~yendk~jydj, v}m{2
''' mg `}aey nm msv`dkey `e{ vyjvdmnenm{ kjgkym~e{ t m{vmkodke{ nm`kjgb}g~j jibm~j nm m{~}ndj, `m dlvydlm }ge jydmg~ekdg l{ amgmye`, u}mek`eye ~eg {`j eu}m``j u}m {m ymodmym e` `mga}ebm t e` vmg{eldmg~j kjlj}gdmy{e`dnenm{ ei{~yek~e{, nmbegnj e` leyamg `e vj{did` dnen nmevymcmgnm y `e{ yma}`eydnenm{ kjgkym~e{ u}m gj{ dg~mym{eg' M{ l {, m` }{jgj v`egdodkenj nm m{~m ~dvj nm eg`d{d{ v{dkj`adkj e `}aey e vyjo}gnj{myyjym{, te u}m dagjye `e ge~}ye`mre }gd~eyde m dg~maye` nm` vyjkm{j u}m {mm{~}nde t {}{~d~}tm `e{ ym`ekdjgm{ dg~myge{ nm kjcm{dg vjy ym`ekdjgm{lmkgdke{ ms~myge{ mg~ym nj{ vyjkm{j{ cm~myjagmj{ t ms~yej{ m` }gj e`j~yj #_taj~{hd, 54 ', _j` vv' $'
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9;
9' M` j~yj ~dvj nm eg`d{d{ nmie {my `e ie{m nm }ge evyjsdlekdg kdmg~odke e` m{~}ndjv{dkj`adkj nm `e kjgkdmgkde, t u}m vm{m e u}m gj mye m` le{ {d{~mle~drenj gd }{enj mg
v{dkj`jae, veye _taj~{hd, nmie {}{~d~}dy e` vydlmy ~dvj2
Kymmlj{ u}m {}{~d~}dy m{~m ~dvj nm eg`d{d{ vjy j~yj l}t ndomymg~m m{ }gve{j nmkd{dj t ky~dkj veye `e ~mjye nm` vmg{eldmg~j t m` `mga}ebm'^mgnye u}m {my }g eg`d{d{ u}m {malmg~e{m m` kjlv`dkenj kjgb}g~j mg}gdnenm{' Vjy }gdnen mg~m gnmlj{ m` ym{}`~enj nm` eg`d{d{ u}m, endomymgkde nm `j{ m`ml mg~j{, ajre nm ~jne{ `e{ vyjvdmnenm{ o}gnelmg~ e`m{keyek~my{~dke{ nm` kjgb}g~j t {}{~d~}tm }ge vey~m de m dgndd{di`m nm `e~j~e`dnen'
[mag _taj~{hd2
]ge v{dkj`jae u}m nm{mm m{~}ndey `e{ }gdnenm{ kjlv`mbe{ ~dmgm u}mkjlvymgnmy m{~j' Nmim {}{~d~}dy `j{ l~ jnj{ nm nm{kjlvj{dkdg mgm`mlm g~j{ vjy }g l ~jnj nm eg`d{d{ u}m {malm g~m mg }gdnenm{' Nmimmgkjg~yey m{e{ }gdnenm{ dgndd{di`m{ u}m kjg{myeg `e{ vyjvdmnenm{dgcmymg~m{ e ` kjgb}g~j mg {} ~j~e`dnen,'' '
Kjlj v}mnm my{m, m{~m kjlvjgmg~m ym`ekdjge`amg~dkj e` k}e` _taj~{hd
vym~mgnm ekkmnmy ege`~dkelmg~m e` vj{~}`ey }ge }gdnen nm eg`d{d{ u}m vym{mym `e
kjlv`mbdnen nm` omglmgj m{~}ndenj, gj m{ mg gdgag ke{j e`aj {mk}gneydj, v}m{, m{ e
ndkcj m{vmk~yj e` u}m vym~mgnm ekkmnmy, mg o}gkdg t kjlv`mlmg~eydelmg~m kjg `j{ j~yj{
mbm{ t ve{j{ lm~jnj`adkj{ ~elidg te ymd{enj{' ^e` kjlj msvjgm @}yde #544;$ m{e{
}gdnenm{ nmimg dgk`}dy e{vmk~j{ jv}m{~j{ mg {} }gdnen nde`k~dke ' M{~j `m vmyld~d
e _taj~{hd ege`drey `j u}m ve{eie mg `j{ v}g~j{ ky~dkj{ nm kene njldgdj amg~dkj #j
ldkyjamg~dkj$, v}m{ mg ndkcj{ v}g~j{ ky~dkj{, m{ njgnm {m v}mnm ji{myey kjlj m{ u}m
{m kjg{~y}tmg, m{~y}k~}yeg, {m vjgmg mg b}maj m dliydkeg `e{ nd{~dg~e{ o}gkdjgm{
v{dkj`adke{ n}yeg~m m` nm{eyyj``j #$' Nm m{~e legmye, m{ u}m m` }{j nm }gdnenm{
lj`eym{ mg `e dg~my{mkkdg nm `j{ njldgdj{ amg~dkj{ #v}g~j{ ky~dkj{$ vmyld~m ekkmnmy e
}g m{~}ndj jibm~dj nm` `j{ e{vmk~j{ vyjkmn}ye`m{ nm ~jne o}gkdg v{dkj`adke c}lege'
Keim nm{~ekey u}m m` eb}{~m m{ke`ey u}m _taj~{hd yme`dr e` dnmg~dodkey v}g~j{
ky~dkj{ mg t mg~ym njldgdj{ amg~dkj{, gj o}m elv`denj e` ~mle nm `e }gdnen nm eg`d{d{',
{d {m kjg{dnmyeg `j{ m{~}ndj{ u}m e`kegrj e nm{eyyj``ey, jv~ le{ idmg vjy dnmg~dodkey }ge
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9>}gdnen {~egney nm eg`d{d{ veye ~jnj{ `j{ njldgdj{ amg~dkj{, m` kjgkmv~j #5$' ^e`
jvkdg, kjg m` nmmgdy nm `e `dga{~dke t `e v{dkj`dga}{~dke ce {dnj mg amgmyey {}vmyene#my @}yde, 5446 e, 5446 i, 544;, $ kjg{dnmygnj{m dg{}odkdmg~m #eg nmy _mmy, 5446$ vjy
g}lmyj{e{ yerjgm{ u}m ege`dreymlj{ mg m` {da}dmg~m kev~}`j' Vm{m e` nmie~m ym{vmk~j nm
`e }gdnen nm eg`d{d{ amgmyenj nm{v}{ nm `e l}my~m nm _taj~{hd, nmim kjg{dnmyey{m,
kjlj v`eg~me Yjajoo #544=, vv' $2
E}gu}m j~yj{ ~yeiebj{ yme`drenj{ nm{nm `e ~yendkdg {jkdjk}`~}ye` cegk}m{~djgenj m{~e }gdnen m{vmkodke nm eg`d{d{, m dgk`}{j ceg {me`enjj~ye{ vjy mbmlv`j, `e ek~ddnen vyk~dke, m` }{j nm dg{~y}lmg~j{dg~m`mk~}e`m{, `e{ vyjvj{dkdjgm{ j m` nde`jaj, `e vyjv}m{~e i{dke nm
}~d` drey }ge }gdnen nm ek~ddnen u}m kjg{mym `e{ o}gkdjgm{ nm` {d{~mlekjlj }g ~ jnj m{ }ge kjg~ydi}kdg nm _taj~{hd'
@e ]gdnen Cd{~ydke nm ` Cjliym'
Odge`lmg~m, {m nmim ymke`key u}m `j{ nd{~dg~j{ ve{j{ u}m kjlvjgm `e m{~ye~made
dgm{~dae~de mg jiye taj~{hdege, nmimg kjg{dnmyey{m mg m{~ymkce ym`ekdg, v}m{, mg {}
kjgb}g~j vym~mgnmg ney k}mg~e nm nj{ dlvjy~eg~{dlj{ ye{aj{ ~mydkj{ t kjgkmv~}e`m{
ym{vmk~j nm `e ge~}ye`mre nm` nm{eyyj``j nm `e{ o}gkdjgm{ v{dkj`adke{ {}vmydjym{ mg m`
cjliym, ~eg m{~ymkcelmg~m `daenj{, u}m kjlj msvym{e @}yde #544;$, kene }gj m{ m`
ymmy{j nm` j~yj, m` cd{~jydkd{lj t `e dg~maydnen nm `j{ vyjkm{j{ v{dkj`adkj{ mg m` {my
c}legj' Mg m{~m {mg~dnj, ~e` kjlj m` ld{lj @}yde v`eg~me2
' ' ' @j le{ dlvjy~eg~m nm{nm m` v}g~j nm d{~e nm `e `adke dg~myge t nm `ecjljamgmdnen nm `e jiye nm _taj~{hd m{ u}m kene }ge nm `e{ m~eve{ nmev`dkekdg nm` l~jnj cd{~ydkj i}{keie dgeydei`mlmg~m g}me{ }gdnenm{nm `j v{u}dkj'
Mg m{~m {mg~dnj, veye @}yde #544;, v' $, t veye `j{ o}gnelmg~j{ nm m{~m ~yeiebj2
@e lm ~jnj`jae nm _ta j~{hd, `e dg~maydnen t m` cd{~jydkd{lj nm {} m goju}m vdmnye{ ega}`eym{ nm {} jiye kjg{~d~}tmg veye gj{j~yj{ ljnm`j{ gj{}vmyenj{ cjt ne' Vymkd{elm g~m mg m``j{ m{~ydie `e aeyeg~ e nm `eek~}e`dnen t nm ` keyk~my kjg{~y}k~dj nm {}{ dnme{'
Dg~maydnen t ~yeg{ojylekdg, m{~eid`dnen t kelidj #mg kjgb}g~j e `j{ mbm{ nm
cjliymge~}ye`mre m dgnddn}j t {jkdmnen$, veymkmg {my nj{ vj{~}`enj{ {jiym `j{ k}e`m{
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9=nm{keg{e `e d{dg nm {my c}legj u}m ~mge _daj~{ht, t }gj nm `j{ vydgkdve`m{ veylm~yj{
{jiym `j{ k}e`m{ nm{keg{e {} ymnm{k}iydldmg~j t damgkde mg m` nmie~m ek~}e`', t mg m`ke{j nm m{~m ~yeiebj, `j u}m vmyld~m eijyney t ek~}e`drey kdmy~j{ e{vmk~j{ nm {} ~mjye, e `e
`}r nm `e{ ``elene{ ^mjye{ nm `e Kjlv`mbdnen #L}ggm, 544;$ u}m eijyneymlj{, }ge mr
ymd{enj m` ~mle nm `e }gdnen nm eg`d{d{, u}m vmyld~e ~e` nm{eyyj``j'
@e Jyaeg drekdg [m l d~dke nm `e Kjgkdmgkde'
Kjlj {m ce v`eg~menj, `e kjg{~d~}kdg nm `e{ o}gkdjgm{ v{dkj`adke{ ymld~m e`m{~}ndj nm `j{ vyjkm{j{ nm lmndekdg {mld~dke {}itekmg~m{' ^e` vyjkm{j m{~ vmyld~dnj
vjy m` cmkcj nm u}m `j{ {dagj{, u}m ~dmgmg vydleydelmg~m }g keyk~my ms~mygj, nm
dg{~y}lmg~j{ jibm~dj{ nm lmndekdjg mg~ym vmy{jge{, {m dg~myge`dreg ce{~e kjgmy~dy{m mg
dg{~y}lmg~j{ dg~mygj{ t {}ibm~dj{ nm `e ym`ekdg nm kene {}bm~j kjg{daj ld{lj' E`
ym{vmk~j, _taj~{hd v`eg~meie u}m2
^jne `e cd{~jyde nm` nm{eyyj``j v{dkj`adkj nm }g gdj, gj{ mg{me u}mnm{nm `j{ vydlmyj{ ne{ nm dne, {} enev~ekdg {m `jaye vjy lmndj{
{jkde`m{, e ~ye { nm `e{ vmy{jge{ u}m `m yjnmeg ' M` ~yeg{d~ j, mg~jgkm{, nm`e e idj`adke nm nm {eyyj``j e `e {jkde` m{ m ` m{`eig kmg~ye` mg m` vyjkm{jnm nm{eyyj``j, m` v}g~j nm dyebm yendke` nm `e cd{~jyde nm` kjlvjy~eldmg~jnm` gdj''''t m{ eu}, njgnm m ` `mga}ebm b}mae }g vevm ` nm vydlmy jynmg '
Nm m{~e ojyle, m` vyjkm{j nm m{~y}k~}yekdg v{dkj`adke m{~ ie{enj mg `e
enu}d{dkdg t }{j nm` `mga}ebm e{d kjlj nm j~ye{ cmyyeldmg~e{ m dg{~egkde{ nm dg~myekkdg
{jkde` u}m ek~eg lmndenjyelmg~m' Kjlj msvjgm @}yde #5436, vv' $2
M` }{j nm `e{ cmyyeldmg~e{ u}m `e k}`~}ye vjgm e g}m{~ye nd{vj{dkdgn}yeg~m `e dne, vmyld~m gj {`j m` nm{eyyj``j nm `e{ kevekdnenm{ t
ceid`dnenm{ nm kjg~ek~j {jkde`, {dgj ~elidg m{ `e o }mg~m nm` nm{eyyj``j nmceid`dnenm{ kjlj `e ei{~yekkdg t `e amgmye`drekdg nm `e{ keyek~my{~dke{nm` l}gnj ms~ mygj mg m` l}gnj dg~mygj nm kene {}bm~j e{d kjlj `e kevekdnennm yme`drey eg`d{d{, nmn}kkdjgm{ t kjgk`}{djgm{ u}m {}ldgd{~yeg }ge ie{mv{dkj`adke veye m` vmg{eldmg~j nd{k}y{dj '
M` M{~}ndj nm `e{ O}gkdjgm{ V{dkj`adke{ [}vmydjym{
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9?Kjlj {m ce ndkcj, `e{ jvmyekdjgm{ {mld~dke{ {me`eg m` ve{j e vyjkm{j{
v{dkj`adkj{ nm letjy kjlv`mbdnen t, e` ld{lj ~dmlvj, leykeg m` ~yeg{d~j nm `e cd{~jydege~}ye` nm `e v{du}d{ e` lid~j nm `e{ ojylekdjgm{ cd{~ydke{ nm` kjlvjy~eldmg~j' Vjy m{j,
e` cei`ey nm `e agm{d{ nm `e kjgkdmgkde c}lege, mu}de`m mg i}mge lmndne, e ymomydy{m e`
m{~}ndj nm `e m{~y}k~}ye {mld~dke nm `e kjgkdmgkde #[d`m{~yd t I`gec, 544 $' M` vydlmy ve{j
mg~jgkm{, veye nmm`ey m` nm{eyyj``j nm` v{du}d{lj c}legj, mye m{~}ndey `j{ vyjkm{j{ nm
dg~mykelidj {jkde`, mg `e{ dg{~egkde{ mg njgnm m` kjg~ek~j {jkde` nmbe nm {my }g lmndj veye
dgo`}dy, ndydady t jydmg~ey m` kjlvjy~eldmg~j nm j~yj{, t {m kjg{~d~}tm mg }ge dg{~egkde nm
kjg~yj` t {dagdodkenj dg~mygj t e}~gjlj nm `j{ {mym{ c}legj{' [dg mlieyaj, m` m{~}ndjnm` `mga}ebm gj mye }g vyji`mle kmg~ye` mg `e{ kdmgkde{ {jkde`m{, vm{m e u}m mlvmreie e
nm{eyyj``ey{m dajyj{elmg~m, vjy `j u}m _taj~{hd ek}nd e `e ~mjye `d~myeyde i}{kegnj
cmyyeldmg~e{ kjgkmv~}e`m{ t ege`~dke{ u}m `m vmyld~dmyeg ``mey e keij ~e` nm{eyyj``j'
M` M{~}ndj Jibm~dj nm `e Ym`ekdg Vmg{eldmg~ j @mga}ebm'
Nm{nm }g v}g~j nm d{~e le{ od`j{odkj, ~yendkdjge`lmg~m {m ceie kjgkmidnj `e
ym`ekdg mg~ym m` `mga}ebm t m` vmg{eldmg~j, nm ~ym{ nd{~dg~e{ legmye{ e`~myge~de{2
e$ M` vmg{eldmg~j kjdgkdnm kjg m` `mga}e bm'
i$ M` mga}ebm {dym nm mgj`~}ye nm` vmg{eldmg~j'
k$ M` vmg{eldmg~j e`kegre {} {my mg m ` `mga}ebm ' #mg Hjr}`dg, 544>$'
Mg v{dkj`jae, `e{ nj{ vydlmye{ vj{~}ye{, ceieg `jayenj nm{eyyj``e{m e vey~dy nm`
ld{lj mgoju}m i{dkj, m` nm MY, `j u}m gj{ ``me e kjgk`}dy u}m, j idmg m` vmg{eldmg~j {m
ymn}km e` `mga}ebm, j idmg m` vmg{eldmg~j m{ `e ke}{e nm` `mga}ebm #my _taj~{hd, 5449i$'
_taj~{hd mg kelidj, ~ye~eye nm nm{eyyj``ey `e ~mykmye e, l{ ekjynm kjg {} kjgkmvkdg
amg~dke #lll$'
@e{ gjkdjgm{ nm [d{~mle t O}gkdg `dga{~dke t v{dkj`adke'
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91Ym{vmk~j nm `e gjkdg nm {d{~mle, mg~mgndne kjlj }g kjgb}g~j nm vey~m{
dg~mykjgmk~ene{ ndgldkelmg~m #@}yde, 5436$, _taj~{hd `e }{ veye nm{kydidy `e }gdnenamg~dke nm `j{ ndmy{j{ vyjkm{j{ v{dkj`adkj{' E{, dnmg~dodk lekyj{d{~mle{ v{dkj`adkj{
kjlj `e kjgkdmgkde, t {}i{d{~mle{ kjlj m` vmg{eldmg~j t `e mljkdg, k}te ym`ekdg
amg~dke m{~eye nene vjy `e{ ndmy{e{ ojyle{ nm lmndekdg k}`~}ye` #m{v' m` `mga}ebm$' Vjy
o}gkdg, _taj~{hd mg~mgnd `e ojyle vey~dk}`ey mg u}m }g {d{~mle v{dkj`adkj j `dga{~dkj,
eomk~e e j~yj n}yeg~m m` nm{eyyj``j'
E{, _taj~{hd vyjv}{j m{~}ndey `e{ ndmy{e{ ojyle{ mg u}m `e k}`~}ye, e ~ye{ nm
`e{ ndmy{e{ ojyle{ nm lmndekdg {mld~dke, eomk~e e` nm{eyyj``j nm ~jnj{ `j{ {d{~mle{ t{}i{d{~mle{ v{dkj`adkj{ #m{~j{ `~dlj{, m{ke`eylmg~m ~elidg v}mnmg {my kjg{dnmyenj{
kjlj {d{~mle{$, negnj jydamg e {d{~mle{ letjym{ kjlj `e kjgkdmgkde, u}m, kjlj
m{~y}k~}yenjy a`jie` nm `e {}ibm~ddnen nm` {my c}legj, {mye `e ie{m nm` nm{eyyj``j nm `e
vmy{jge`dnen #[c}eym, 544;$' E{ ld{lj, {}i{d{~mle{ kjlj `e vmykmvkdg, `e e~mgkdg, `e
lmljyde, m~k' ~elidg {m ym`ekdjgeyeg t m{~y}k~}yeyeg {d{~mldkelmg~m mg o}gkdg nm `e{
ojyle{ nm lmndekdg k}`~}ye` m{vmkodke{, negnj jydamg #e$ e` vmg{eldmg~j ymo`msdj t
ei{~yek~j, #i$ e `e{ mljkdjgm{ le{ kjlv`mbe{ #kjlj m` ajkm m{~~dkj$, t e `e j`}g~en
nm kene {}bm~j #Qmy~{kc, 5433', Enydeg t Vemr, 544;$' [dg n}ne, m` `mga}ebm, mg k}eg~j
cmyyeldmg~e jydadge`lmg~m ms~myge #{d{~mle {mld~dkj$, e` ~yeg{ojyley{m mg }ge
cmyyeldmg~e dg~myge nm kene {}bm~j, eomk~e #o}gkdg$ nm {jiymlegmye m` nm{eyyj``j m
dg~myym`ekdg nm ~jnj{ `j{ {d{~mle{ t {}i{d{~mle{ v{dkj`adkj{ mg ~jnj{ {}{ njldgdj{
amg~dkj{, nm~myldgegnj mg i}mge lmndne, `e m{~y}k~}yekdg nm `j vyjvdelmg~m c}legj,
{} {}ibm~ddnen t {} kjgkdmgkde #Ajgr`mrYmt #5441$' M{ e{ kjlj `e vydgkdve` m{~ye~made
nm dgm{~daekdg vyjv}m{~e vjy _taj~{hd kjg{d{~d mg dnmg~dodkey `e{ ojyle{ #o}gkdjgm{$ mg
u}m m` `mga}ebm m{~y}k~}ye `j{ ndmy{j{ {d{~mle{ v{dkj`adkj{, m{vmkde`lmg~m m`
vmg{eldmg~j, u}m vjnmlj{ eay}vey mg }g kjgb}g~j nm veym{ jv}m{~j{ #Qmy~{kc, 5434',
vv $'
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935' O}gkdg nm [me`drekdg my{}{ 5' O}gkdg [dagdodke~de9 ' O}gkdg [jkde` my{}{ 9' O}gkdg D gnddn}e`'
;' O}gkdg Kjl}gdke~de my{}{ ;' O}gkdg D g~m`mk~}e` '>' O}gkdg D gndke~de' my{}{ >' O}gkdg [dli`dke'# j O' Ymomymgkde`$ # j O' Ke~m ajydrenjye$
M{~e{ jvj{dkdjgm{ gj ymkdimg m` ld{lj gdm` nm dlvjy~egkde mg m` eg`d{d{
{mld~dkj nm _taj~{hd', Qmy~{kc #5433$ `e{ eay}ve mg nj{ ke~majye{ o}gnelmg~e`m{'
5' @e{ ~ym{ vydlmye{ jvj{dkdjgm{ ~ye~eg nm `e lmndekdg nm `j{ vyjkm{j{ {jkde`m{ t
v{dkj`adkj{ mg }g gdm` nm eg`d{d{ nm{kydv~dj t amgydkj, t vjkj ndkmg nm `j{ vyjkm{j{ nm
lmndekdg {mld~dke vyjvdelmg~m ~e`' [dg mlieyaj, vym~mgnmg ney k}mg~e nm `j{ vyjkm{j{
nm kjg~ek~j {jkde`, u}m {}{~mg~eg `j{ vyjkm{j{ {mld~dkj{ #5$'
9' Vjy j~yj `enj, `e{ o}gkdjgm{ dgndke~de{ t {dli`dke{, {m dg~my nmodgmg
#Qmy~{kc,5433$ mg o}gkdg nm {} vjnmy nm lmndekdg kjg `e yme`dnen'
]g m{~}ndj {mld~dkjamg~dkj nm `e kjgkdmgkde dlv`dke ney k}mg~e nm` vyjkm{j
ld{lj nm {} kjg{~y}kkdg' M{ vjy m{~j u}m ~e` m{~}ndj dlv`dke, nm{nm }g eg`d{d{ nm {}{
o}gkdjgm{, msv`dkey m` ve{j nm `e{ o}gkdjgm{ dgndke~de{, e `e{ o}gkdjgm{ {dli`dke{
lmndene{ k}`~}ye`lmg~m' Mg m{~m kjg~ms~j, _taj~{hd #544;$ e{}lm u}m `e o}gkdg
dgndke~de nm` cei`e m{ `e vydlmye mg eveymkmy2
G}m{~ye vy dlmye { ve`eiye{ ~dmgmg }g {dagdodkenj dgndke~dj veye m` gdj' Mgm{~j, veymkm u}m cmlj{ dnmg~dodkenj `e o}gkdg jydadge` nm` cei`e, u}m ce{dnj ymkjgjkdne te vjy j~yj{ dgm{~dae njym{' @e o}gkdg jydadge` nm` cei`e gjm{ u}m `e ve`eiye ~m gae }g {dagdodkenj veye m ` gdj8 gj {m ~ye~ e nm u}m kjg `eet}ne nm `e ve`eiye `m kjyym{vjgne }ge g}me kjgmsdg' Eg~m{ idmg, `eve`eiye m{ dgdkde`lmg~m }g dgndkenjy' @e ve`eiye, mg ~eg~j u}m dgndkenjy, m{`e o}gkdg vydleyde mg m` nm{eyyj``j nm` cei`e, nm `e k}e` j~ye{ v}mnmgnmydey #vv', $'
E vey~dy nm m{~e o}gkdg, {m nm{eyyj``e `e kevekdnen veye {dlij`drey t k`e{dodkey
kj{e{, mmg~j{ t jibm~j{ mg ke~majye{ amgmye`drene{, t odge`lmg~m, `e ojylekdg nm
ym`ekdjgm{ mg~ym ke~majye{' ^e` kjlj `j v`eg~me Qmy~{kc, m` m{~}ndj {mld~dkj nm `e
kjgkdmgkde, v}mnm ym{}ldy{m #5433, vv' 55;$, nm `e {da}dmg~m legmye'
[d `e o}gkdg jydadge` nm` cei`e mg `e vyjv}m{~e nm _taj~{hd m{ `e o}gkdgdgndke~de # 9$ , kjlj {m ym`ekdjge kjg `e o}gkdg {dli`dke:' M{~jkjyym{vjgnm e }ge k}m{~dg l{ elv`de {jiym kjlj {m vyjn}km `enm{kjg~ms~ }e`drekdg nm `j{ dg{~y}lm g~j{ nm lmndekdg' Vjy }ge vey~m , {mji{mye u}m e`a}ge{ o}gkdjgm{ nm` {dagj ymo`mbeg u}m `e jyaegdrekdg
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94` dga{~dke nmvmgnm nm` kjg~ms~j #{`j v}mnmg ymomydy, dgndkey$8 #m{ nmkdy$~dmgm u}m my kjg `e ym`ekdg mg~ym {dagj{ mcdk}`eg~m{ t `j{ kjg~ms~j{ mg
u}m {~j{ eveymkmg' Vjy j~ye vey~m , {m ji{mye u}m e`a}ge{ o}gkdjgm{ nm`{dagj ym o`mbeg m` e {vmk~j nm{kjg~ms~}e`drenj nm `e jyaegdrekdg `dga{~dke,#vjy `j u}m$ ~dmgm u}m my kjg `e gjkdg nm u}m kdmy~j{ e{vmk~j{ nm `ejyaegdrekdg nm` `mga}ebm v}mnmg jvmyey dgnmvmgndmg~mlmg~m nm` kjg~ms~jmg m` u}m e veymkmg `j{ {dagj{ mcdk}`eg~m{' Elij{ e{vmk~j{ kjg{~d~}tmg}g vj~mgkde` `e~mg~m mg m` `mga}ebm c}l egj' @e ~ey me nm` eg`d{d{ amg~ dkjkjg{d{~m mg msv`dkey `e ~yeg{dkdg nm` gdm` mg m` u}m m` o}gkdjgeldmg~j{mld~dkj m{~ {dmlvym kjg~ms~}e`drenj e }g gdm` mg m` u}m m{ vj{di`m m`o}gkdjgel dmg~j nm{kjg~ms~ }e`drenj # {dli`dkj$ ' Mg ~yl dgj{ nm `e{kjg{dnmyekdjgm{ yme`drene{, m{~j {dagdodke u}m m` eg`d{d{ amg~dkj nmimmsv`dkey `e ~yeg{dkdg e }g gdm` mg m` u}m ~elidg eveymkm `e o}gkdg{dli`dke'
Veye m{~j, }gj nm `j{ vydgkdve`m{ vyji`mle{, ce {dnj dnmg~dodkey }ge }gdnen nm
eg`d{d{ enmk}ene veye ``mey e keij }g m{~}ndj {mld~dkjamg~dkj nm `e kjgkdmgkde {dg
ymn}kdy {} m{vmkdodkdnen' Mg~ym m{~j{, nm{~ekeg2 #e$ m` kjgkmv~j, #i$ `e jyekdg, e gdm`
dg~yev{dkj`adkj, t #e$ `j{ ojyle~j{, t #i$ `e{ Ymvym{mg~ekdjgm{ [jkde`m{ mg m` v`egj
dg~myv{dkj`adkj' [dg mlieyaj, m` ayeg vyji`mle ek~}e`, e og nm md~ey kemy mg n}e`d{lj{
lm~jnj`adkj{, m{ dnmg~dodkey }ge }gdnen nm eg`d{d{, u}m vmyld~dmgnj }ge ymmy{did`dnen t
eb}{~m ege`~dkj mg~ym elij{ gdm`m{, vmyld~e ek`eyey m` nm`dkenj ~yeg{d~j mg~ym elij{
gdm`m{' Kjg m{~m og, {m vyjvjgny m` mg}gkdenj kjlj }gdnen nm eg`d{d{ #Qmy~{kc,
544;$' E kjg~dg}ekdg, {m ymd{eye m{~m vyji`mle'
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;6M@ KJGKMV^J KJLJ ]GD NEN NM EG@D [D ['
Kjlj {m ce {me`enj, _taj~{hd t @}yde mg~dmgnmg `e m{~y}k~}ye v{dkj`adke
{}vmydjy, o}gnelmg~e`lmg~m kjlj }ge m{~y}k~}ye {mld~dke, t vjy m{~j, kjgdmgm ege`drey
`e ve`eiye nm{nm `e{ o}gkdjgm{ v{dkj`dga{~dke dgj`}kyene{ mg ndkce m{~y}k~}yekdg' Veye
m{~j, m`dadmyjg vjy yerjgm{ {mld~dkjamg~dke{, nj{ ~dvj{ nm o}gkdjgm{ `dga{~dke{,
nm{kydv~jye{ nm ndkcj vyjkm{j2
O}gkdg @dga}{~ dke' O}gkdg V{dkj`adke'
5' O}gkdg Nm{dage~de j Ymomymgkde`' 5'Ymomymgkde Jibm~e`'
9' O}gkdg Ke~majydrenjye j Ei{~yek~de' 9' Kelvj{ [mlg~dkj{'
@e D lvjy~e gkde V{dkj`adke nm `e O}gkdg Ymomymgkde` j Nm{dage~de'
^jne ve`eiye ~dmgm kjlj o}gkdg i{dke `e nm{dagekdg nm e`a}ge kj{e, k}e`dnen,
ekkdg, j ym`ekdg, t e m{~e o}gkdg, mg ~yldgj{ `dga{~dkj{ {m `e kjgjkm kjlj o}gkdg
nmgj~e~de j ymomymgkde` nm` `mga}ebm, t mg ~yldgj{ v{dkj`adkj{, _taj~{hd `e ``elj
ymomymgkde jibm~e`, te u}m vmyld~m `e ymvym{mg~ekdg nm }g jibm~j mg m` `mga}ebm
c}legj' M{~e o}gkdg {dmlvym m{~ ndydadne cekde eo}mye, cekde }g nm~myldgenj jibm~j, j
idmg e }ge ekkdg, k}e`dnen, vyjvdmnen, j ym`ekdg mg~ym jibm~j{, m{~j {m ymo`mbe mg m`
cmkcj nm u}m k}e`u}dmy ve`eiye u}m ~dmgm }ge ymomymgkde jibm~e` #keyek~my{~dke v{dkj`adke$
v}mnm ~jley `e ojyle nm }g {}{~eg~dj, myij, enbm~dj, j nm ym`ekdjgm{kjgb}gkdjgm{,
vymvj{dkdjgm{, mg k}eg~j msvym{djgm{ `dga{~dke{' Veye @}yde #@}yde, 5436$, `e{ vydgkdve`m{
kjgu}d{~e{ u}m ji~dmgm m` cjliym kjg m` }{j t enu}d{dkdg nm` `mga}ebm, {j`j mg m` v`egj
nm `e ymomymgkde {jg2
5' @e mgjylm aegegkde nm` cjliym, u}m njldge }g `mga}ebm nm{eyyj``enj,
kjg{d{~m mg u}m {} l}gnj {m n}v`dke' M` cjliym {dg `mga}ebm {`j ~mge `e kevekdnen nm
ym`ekdjgey{m kjg eu}m``e{ kj{e{ u}m me t legdv}`eie ndymk~elmg~m' Kjg `e et}ne nm`
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;5`mga}ebm v}mnm nm{dagey jibm~j{ u}m gj vmykdim ndymk~elmg~m, j ym`ekdjgey{m kjg m``j{ {dg
u}m m{~g vym{mg~m{, j ojylmg vey~m nm {} msvmydmgkde dglmnde~e'9' M` cjliym v}mnm mjkey j`}g~eydelmg~m dlamgm{, ekkdjgm{, ym`ekdjgm{ t
k}e`dnenm{ nm{dagene{ mg m` `mga}ebm, dgnmvmgndmg~m nm {} vym{mgkde ndymk~e' Nm m{~e
ojyle, ~jne{ `e{ vmykmvkdjgm{, ymvym{mg~ekdjgm{, ymk}mynj{ t ekkdjgm{ ve{eg e {my
kjg~yj`ene{ vjy m{~m {ma}gnj l}gnj #{dli`dkj$ e ~ye{ nm `e j`}g~en' E{ `e o}gkdg
ymomymgkde` nm` `mga}ebm vmyld~m yma}`ey `e ek~ddnen c}lege kjg{kdmg~m'
;' Vmyld~m }g ecjyyj mg m` }{j nm `e dgojylekdg ek}l}`ene k}`~}ye`lmg~m e ~ye{
nm` }{j kjlvey~dnj t kj~dndegj nm` `mga}ebm, {dg gmkm{dnen nm ~mgmy u}m ymld~dy{m {j`j e `edgojylekdg amg~dke j msvmydmgkde vmy{jge` nd{vjgdi`m'
D lvjy~e gkde V{dkj`adke nm `e O}gkdg Ke~ma jydrenjye nm` `mga}ebm '
Vm{m e `e dlvjy~egkde t ~yekmgnmgkde nm `e o}gkdg ymomymgkde`, m{~e m{~ `mbj{ nm
{my kjg{dnmyene kjlj e}~jdgk`}{de8 ~e` kjlj v`eg~me _taj~{hd'
@e nm{dagekdg # ~el idg$ vmyl d~m e` gdj m{kjamy }g jibm ~j m{vmkodkj,ndomymgkdey`j nm `e {d~}ekdg ~j~e` u}m m{~ vmykdidmgnj''' # nm m{~e le gmye$ 'Vjy lmndj nm `e{ ve`eiye{, `j{ gdj{ ndomymgkdeg m`mlmg~j{ {mveyenj{,{jiymve{egnj nm m{~m ljnj `e m{~y}k~}ye ge~}ye` nm` kelvj {mg{jyde` tojylegnj kmg~yj{ m{~y}k~}ye`m{ g}mj{ #ey~do}kde`m{ dg~yjn}kdnj{ tndgldkj{$ ' M` gdj mlvdmre e vmykdidy m` l}gnj gj {`j lmn deg~m {}{jbj{, {dgj ~e lidg lmndeg~m m` cei`e' Kjlj ym{}`~enj nm m{~j, `edglmnde~m r nm `e vm ykmvkdg ge~}ye` {m {}v`eg~e lmndeg~m }g vyjkm{j nmlmndekdg l}kcj{ l{ kjlv`mbj8 kjlj ~e`, m` cei`e {m kjgdmy~m mg vey~mm{mgkde` nm` nm{eyyj``j kjagd~dj nm` gdj'
Kene ve`eiye gj {j`j mjke t ymvym{mg~e jibm~j{, k}e`dnenm{, ekkdjgm{, m~k'
ymomydne{ e e`aj ms~mygj, {dgj u}m ~elidg mjke ~jnj }g {d{~mle nm mg`ekm{ v}yelmg~m
kjgkmv~}e`m{ #m{~y}k~}ye {mlg~dke$, k}te o}gkdg vydgkdve` m{ vjnmy dg~yjn}kdy `e kj{e
nm{dagene #e ~ye{ nm `e o}gkdg ymomymgkde`$ mg m`, vmyld~dmgnj ege`drey t vmgm~yey m`
l}gnj {mg{di`m nm }ge legmye le{ vyjo}gne' E m{~e vyjvdmnen v{dkj`adke nmn}kdi`m nm`
omglmgj `dga{~dkj kjgjkdnj kjlj v`}yd{agdodkekdg, @}yde `j nmgjldge kelvj
{mlg~dkj #5436i, 5436k, 543>e, 543=$, vjy mbmlv`j2
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;9' ' ' E{, vjy mbmlv`j, mg m` dndjle y}{j `e ve`eiye hj{e v}mnm nm{dagey~eg~j `e ~ymgre nm }ge l}kcekce, kjlj m` dg{~y}lmg~j kjg u}m {m kjy~e `e
cdmyie, m` ~y daj # a}enee$, j }g odgj iegkj nm eymge u}m vmgm~ye mg m ` ley'@e ve`eiye h`d}kc ~eg~j v}mnm nm{dagey m` jibm~j kjg m` k}e` {m eiym `ev}my~e #vdkevjy~m$ kjlj }g legeg~de` j o}mg~m nm ea}e, m~k~mye #@}yde,543 > ' , vv $ '
@e v`}yd{dagdodkekdg #j vj`d{mlde$ m{ ymkjgjkdne mg ~jnj{ `j{ dndjle{, t {}
msd{~mgkde m{ eg~m{ }ge yma`e u}m }ge mskmvkdg, vjy m{~j, `j u}m nmgjldgelj{
ymomymgkde jibm~e` ve{e e {my `e m`mkkdg nm` {dagdodkenj mg~ym l}kcj vj{di`m{ mg m`
ljlmg~j nm` ek~j kjl}gdke~dj ld{lj' @e vym{mgkde nm ~jnj m{~m kelvj {mlg~dkj nm`
k}e` ms~yemlj{ m` {dagdodkenj vymkd{j mg m` ljlmg~j nm {} }{j, gj{ ``me e }g m{~}ndj nmndkcj{ mg`ekm{ u}m kjgojyleg e` v`egj ke~majyde` nm `e ve`eiye', `e ve`eiye gj {`j
ymmlv`ere e `e kj{e, {dgj u}m `e ege`dre, ed{`egnj {}{ keyek~my{~dke{ m{mgkde`m{ m
dg~yjn}kdgnj`e{ mg ~jnj }g kjlv`mbj {d{~mle nm mg`ekm{ t ym`ekdjgm{ #dinml, v' $' @}yde
mbmlv`dodke m{~m v}g~j nm` {da}dmg~m ljnj2
' ' ' M{~j v}mnm my{m okd`lmg~ m {d ege`drelj{ `e ye r nm }ge ve`eiye' Vjymbmlv`j, `e ve`eiye {~j`, #lm{e$ ~dmgm `e yer {~` t m{~e yer m{~e ` daenee `e{ ve`eiye{ {~`e~ #vjgmy$, vj{~d`e~ #ms~mgnmy$, ge{~d` #kj`jkeyb}g~ j, k}iydy$ , m~k'' ' @e ve`eiye kce{ # ym`jb$ gj {j`j dgndke m` jibm~ j u}m,
vjy mbmlv`j, {m mgk}mg~ye oymg~m e gj{j~yj{' M{~e ve`eiye dgndke u}m m{mjibm~j ~dmgm kjlj o}gkdg lmndy m` ~dmlvj # kce{ < cjye{$ ,' ' ' @e ve`eiyehjyje #eke$ m{~e mlveymg~ene kjg `e ve`eiye `e~dge u}m kjyg}# k}mygj$ , t mg m {mgkde eg~ da}elmg~m {dagdodkeie kjg k}mygj{, kjg `j k}e`{mveye `e keyek~my{~dke ~vdke ve ye m` aege nj ek}gj'
M{~e o}gkdg ege`~dke, m{~}ndene mg jkkdnmg~m e ~ye{ nm `e dnme nm m{u}mle{,
v`eg~mene vjy Vdeam~ t Iey~`m~~, m{ ev`dkene vjy U}d``deg e `e v{dkj`jae kjagd~de, kjg `e
dnme nm m{u}mle{ kjgkmv~}e`m{, u}m @}yde }{e veye mbmlv`dodkey m{~e o}gkdg2
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;;
E m{~e{ nj{ o}gkdjgm{ i{dke{ nm `e ve`eiye cet u}m eaymaey }ge }`~dle o}gkdg,
nm ayeg ym`megkde v{dkj`adke, k}e` m{ `e o}gkdg nm kjl}gdkey #o}gkdg kjl}gdke~de mg
~yldgj{ `dga{~dkj{$, kjg `j k}e` `e ve`eiye gj {`j m{ }ge cmyyeldmg~e nm` vmg{eldmg~j
{dgj u}m enml{ m{ }ge cmyyeldmg~e nm `e kjl}gdkekdg {jkde` m cd{~ydke #le{ ~eynm
j`mymlj{ {jiym m{~e dlvjy~eg~m o}gkdg v{dkj`adke t `dga{~dke$' ^jnj m{~j, l}m{~ye
veye @}yde, u}m'
' ' ' `e ve`eiye gj {`j n}v`dke m` l}gnj, gj {j`elmg~m e{ma}ye `e eveydkdgnm `e{ kjyym{vjgndmg~m{ ymvym{mg~ekdjgm{, {dgj u}m m{ m` dg{~y}lmg~jvjnmyj{j nm eg`d{d{ nm m{m l}gnj' E` ~yeg{ld~dy `e msvmydmgkde {jkde` mgym`ekdg kjg m` jibm ~j, `e ve`eiye gj{ {eke nm `j{ ` ld~m{ nm `e ms vmydmgkde{mg{di`m, gj{ vmyld~m vmgm~yey mg `e m{omye nm `j yekdjge`'' ' ' Vmyld~myme`drey m ` {e`~j nm `j {mg{jyde` e `j ye kdjge`'
@e ve`eiye ke{d g}gke ~dmgm }ge ymomymgkde jibm~e` odbe t gdke, vjy `j u}m gj
ym{}`~e nmn}kdi`m {`j nm }g eg`d{d{ `dga{~dkj, mg m``e kjgo`}tmg l}kcj{ oek~jym{
Oda 5' Kjlvj{dkdg nm ojyle{ {d~}ekdjge`m{ t ke~majyde`m{ nm amgmye`drekdg
# U}d` `deg, 54? ?, 54? 38 kd ~ ' mg @}yde, 543 >$ '
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;>v{dkj`adkj{ e{ kjlj leykenjym{ t nd{~dg~dj{ {mlg~dkj{ #kjlj m` kjg~ms~j, `j{
m`mlmg~j{ veye dga}{~dkj{ nm` cei`e, t `e{ ojyle{ m{vmkodke{ nm {} }{j$' M{ e{ kjlj m`kjgkmv~j, vj{mm kjlv`mlmg~eydelmg~m kdmy~e{ o}gkdjgm{ `sdke{ u}m `m vmyld~mg mg~yey
mg nm~myldgene{ k`e{m{ nm ym`ekdjgm{ {mlg~dke{' Nm m{~e legmye, `e ve`eiye nd{vjgm nm
~jnj }g eveye~ebm u}m `m vmyld~m }gdy{m t mg`erey{m odgd~elmg~m e j~ye{ vj{di`m{ ve`eiye{
e ~ye{ nm kdmy~e{ keyek~my{~dke{ u}m @}yde nmgjldge e`mgkde{ ' ]g mbmlv`j nm m{~e
vyjvdmnen m{ m` cmkcj nm u}m e` ege`drey ve`eiye{ kjlj `j{ myij{ ~yeg{d~dj{, m{~j{
{dmlvym mjkeg }g g}lmyj nm~myldgenj nm vj{di`m{ mg`ekm{, e}g {dg {eimy k}e`m{ {jg
ndkcj{ mg`ekm{, vm', imimy #u}m$ kjlvyey, ney, #e`aj, e u}dmg$, nm{mey #u}m$, m~k'M` {dagdodkenj {dmlvym kjg{mye }g gk`mj vmylegmg~m t odbj, ym`ekdjgenj kjg }g
nm~myldgenj kjgb}g~j nm mg`ekm{' Gj ji{~eg~m, {dmlvym vjnmlj{ nd{~dga}dy, enml{ nm`
{dagdodkenj {~egneyn #kjlj nm ndkkdjgeydj$, }g }{j vey~dk}`ey t kj~dndegj nm kene }gj, }g
{dagdodkenj dgnddn}e`, nm~myldgenj vjy m` }{j vey~dk}`ey nm `e ve`eiye mg ljlmg~j{ t
{d~}ekdjgm{ nene{' @}yde #543>$ vym{mg~e m` {da}dmg~m mbmlv`j nm m{~e {d~}ekdg'
@e ve`eiye keyig ~dmgm }g {dagdodkenj jibm~dj nm~myl dgenj' M{ }gjibm~j gmayj, nm jydamg mam~e` `e letjye nm `e{ mkm{, ym{}`~enj nm `e
ke`kdgekdg nm yij`m{, kjg }ge nm~myldgene kjlvj{dkdg u}ldke mg `eie{m nm` k}e` m{~e m` m`mlm g~j K # keyijgj$' [dg mlie yaj, m` {mg~dnj nm `eve`eiye keyig v}mnm {my kjlv`m~elmg~m ndomymg~m veye ndomymg~m{vmy{jge{ t mg ndomymg~m{ kdyk}g{~egkde{' Veye m` ele nm ke{e, `e ve`eiyekeyig nm{dage e`aj kjg `j k}e` vymgnm m` {eljey j u}m gmkm{d~e veyevymgnmy `e m{~}oe' Veye m` kdmg~odkj m` keyig m{ }g jibm~j nm m{~}ndj, t{mveye `e vey~m nm` {dagdodkenj nm m{~e ve`eiye u}m e ` `m dg~mym{e `em{~y}k~}ye nm` keyig, {}{ vyjvdmnenm{' Veye m` vdg~jy m{ }g dg{~y}lmg~jkjg m` k}e` {m v}mnm cekmy }g m{ijrj, }g kyju}d{ vyjd{djge` nm` k}enyj' Tveye }ge gde u}m mg{}kdj {} m{~dnj i`egkj kjg keyig, m{~e ve`eiye ~ dmgm}g {mg~ dnj nm{eayenei`m'''
Nm `j eg~mydjylmg~m msv}m{~j, veye @}yde m{~j u}dmym nmkdy2
' ' ' u}m `e ld{le ve`eiye ~dmgm }g {dagdodkenj, u}m {m ce ojylenjjibm~delmg~m e `j `eyaj nm `e cd{~jyde t u}m, mg ojyle vj~mgkde`, {mkjg{mye veye ~jne{ `e{ vmy{jge{, ymo`mbegnj `e{ kj{e{ kjg nd{~dg~evyjo}gndnen t elv`d~}n' Vmyj b}g~j kjg m` {dagdodkenj, kene ve`eiye ~dmgm}g {mg~ dnj, u}m gj{j~yj{ mg~mgnml j{ kjlj `e {mveyekdg, mg m` {dagdodkenjnm `e ve`eiye, nm eu}m``j{ e{vmk~j{ `daenj{ e `e {d~}ekdg nene t kjg `e{dmgkde{ e omk~de{ nm` {}bm~j'
Nm{eyyj``j nm `e o}gkdg nm{dage~de # ymomym gkde jibm~e `$ m g m` gdj'
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;=
Mg m` gdj, `e ymomymgkde jibm~e` m{~ idmg ojylene mg~ym `j{ ;,= t `j{ > ej{' E{,}ge ve`eiye kjlj ke{e, nm{dage {dmlvym }g nm~myldgenj jibm~j, t `e ve`eiye ~ere
j~yj, `j ld{lj veye j{d~j, b}a}m~m, veve, lele, m~k', t k`eyelmg~m m{~e o}gkdg te
v}mnm {my ye{~ymene nm{nm m` vydlmy ej nm dne' E kjg~dg}ekdg, ymd{eymlj{ `e{ nd{~dg~e{
m~eve{ mg `e ojylekdg nm m{~e dlvjy~eg~m o}gkdg'
5' M` gdj e{dld`e `e ymomymgkde jibm~e` nm `e ve`eiye {`j k}egnj {m mgk}mg~ye mg }genm~myldgene vj{dkdg, vjy mbmlv`j ekj{~enj, j {d `e ve`eiye m{ ndkce vjy }g {}bm~j
nm~myldgenj, t {d {m vyjg}gkde kjg }ge nm~myldgene mg~jgekdg, m~k' [d }ge nmm{~e{ kjgndkdjgm{ oe``eye, m` gdj vdmynm `e ymomymgkde jibm~e` `jayene8 mg kelidj, {d
~jne{ `e{ kjgndkdjgm{ m{~g vym{mg~m{, m` gdj ndydam `e ldyene cekde m` jibm~j t
~ye~eie nm e`kegrey`j' Mg gdj{ nm ? e 1 lm{m{, {m v}mnm my u}m m{~egnj
ekj{~enj{, e` jy `e jr nm {} lenym gjliyegnj }g nm~myldgenj jibm~j ymekkdjgeg
ldyegnj e` jibm~j kjyym{vjgndmg~m8 vmyj mye {}odkdmg~m kelidey`j nm vj{dkdg #vjy
mbmlv`j {mg~ey`j$, veye u}m `e ve`eiye vmyndmye {} {dagdodkenj t `e ymekkdg te gj
{m vyjn}bmye'
9' Mg `e {da}dmg~m m~eve nm nm{eyyj``j, `e vj{dkdg mg `e u}m {m mgk}mg~ye m` gdj tegj ym{}`~e m{mgkde` veye `e kjg{myekdg nm `e ymomymgkde jibm~e` nm `e ve`eiye, vmyj
m` cmkcj nm u}dmg mg kjgkym~j vyjg}gkde `e ve`eiye, kjg u}m jr t kjg u}m am{~j
`e ekjlvee, kjg~dg}e ~mgdmgnj }ge dlvjy~egkde nmkd{de' M{~j v}mnm evymkdey{m
k}egnj m` gdj, {dmgnj te m{ kever nm e~mgnmy e }g jibm~j eg~m `e jr nm `e
lenym, nmbe nm cekmy`j dglmnde~elmg~m, {d m` u}m ne `e dg{~y}kkdg ym{}`~e {my j~ye
vmy{jge'
;' Mg `e{ {da}dmg~m{ m~eve{, m{~m cmkcj nmbe nm ~mgmy }ge dgo`}mgkde nmkd{de, gjji{~eg~m, m` gdj m{ kever nm kjg{myey `e ymomymgkde jibm~e` nm `e ve`eiye {`j mg
`e lmndne mg u}m {m ekjlvem nm` am{~j dgndkenjy kjyym{vjgndmg~m j {d m{~
dgk`}dne mg }ge nm~myldgene {d~}ekdg vyk~dke #mg vey~dk}`ey nm b}maj$' Mg ke{j
kjg~yeydj, `e ve`eiye vdmynm {} ymomymgkde jibm~e` m{~ei`m' Mg m{~e m~eve, m{ vj{di`m
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;?ji{myey, u}m `e ve`eiye eg gj {m ce {mveyenj nm` am{~j j nm `e ekkdg
ekjlveeg~m{, t m{~j{ kjg~dgeg {dmgnj }ge keyek~my{~dke dg{mveyei`m nm `eve`eiye vmykdidne'
>' Cekde `e {ma}gne ld~en j cekde m` odge` nm` {ma}gnj ej nm dne `e ve`eiye {mmlegkdve kjlv`m~elmg~m nm m{~e{ kjgndkdjgm{ ekkm{jyde{ t enu}dmye {} ymomymgkde
jibm~e` vmylegmg~m' Mg~jgkm{, m` gdj kjldmgre e ymekkdjgey {m`mk~delmg~m e`
jibm~j gjliyenj, dgnmvmgndmg~mlmg~m nm {d `e ve`eiye {m ekjlvee j gj nm
am{~j{ dgndkenjym{ j ekkdjgm{, m~k'
^jnj m{~m vyjkm{j u}m nm{mlijke mg `e kjg{j`dnekdg nm `e ymomymgkde jibm~e`
`dga}d{~dkjmyie`, {m msv`dke vjyu}m m` `mga}ebm #myie`$ gj ~dmgm }ge ie{m ge~}ye`, {dgj
k}`~}ye`, m` gdj evymgnm e cekmy }{j nm` `mga}ebm mg }g kjg~ms~j k}`~}ye` t gj mg }g
elidmg~m ge~}ye`' Kjlj v`eg~me Iy}gmy #543?$2 @e{ kjgmgkdjgm{ `dga{~dke{ t e{
ojyle{ m{~egney{ gj {}yamg nm` c}mj ~j~e`lmg~m nm{eyyj``ene{' Ceid~}e`lmg~m {jg `mg~e{
~yeg{ojylekdjgm{ nm vyjkmndldmg~j{ dgdkde`m{ vydld~dj{, j ge~}ye`m{ u}m {m {jkde`dreg mg
`j{ vyjkm{j{ nm gmajkdekdg kjl}gdke~de'
E kjg~dg}ekdg, {m ege`drey m` ~dvj nm m{~y}k~}ye u}m {}itekm e `e ymomymgkde
jibm~e` mg m{~j{ vydlmyj{ m{~endj{' Mg `e{ m~eve{ ~mlvyege{ nm` nm{eyyj``j dgoeg~d`, `e
ve`eiye ~dmgm }ge m{~y}k~}ye eljyoe t }g {dagdodkenj ndo}{j, kelidegnj {} ymomymgkde
jibm~e` nm ek}mynj kjg `e{ {d~}ekdjgm{' @}yde mbmlv`dodke e{, m{~m ~dvj nm m{~y}k~}ye2
' ' ' E{, vjy mbmlv`j, `e ve`eiye ~vy} #`j u}m mg ke{~m``egj mu}de`m e `eyer nm `e ve`eiye keie``j$ mg m` gdj nm kjldmgrj nm` {ma}gnj ej nmdne v}mnm nm{dagey keie``j, keyym~e, nm~mg~m, elj{, m~k',enu}dydmgnj {} {dagdodkenj mg nmvmgnmgkde nm `e {d~}ekdg mg u}m m{
vyjg}gkdene' [j`j k}egnj {m `m eaymae m` {}odbj he #~vy}ghe$, `eve`eiye kjldmgre e enu}dydy }ge ymomymgkde jibm~e` le{ msek~e t nm{dage,mg~jgkm{, {`j keie``j t gj te m` myij elj{, j {dg~e~m, nm~mg~m,m~k'
Gj ji{~eg~m, m{ gjyle` u}m k}egnj `e{ ve`eiye{ nm` gdj ceg enu}dydnj te }ge
m{~y}k~}ye ljyoj`adke nm~myldgene, kjg~dgm ~mgdmgnj }ge ymomymgkde jibm~e` dgm{~ei`m'
@e ymomymgkde jibm~e` msek~e nm }ge ve`eiye, vjy le{ {mgkd``e u}m veymrke e vydlmye d{~e,
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;1m{ m` vyjn}k~j nm }g `eyaj nm{eyyj``j' Mg `e{ vydlmye{ m~eve{ nm` nm{eyyj``j, `e ve`eiye
m{~ mg~ym`erene kjg `e {d~}ekdg, `j{ am{~j{, `e lldke, `e mg~jgekdg t {`j mg m{e{kjgndkdjgm{ enu}dmym {} ymomymgkde jibm~e`' [j`j mg `e{ `~dle{ m~eve{ nm` nm{eyyj``j nm`
gdj #mg~ym `j{ nj{ t `j{ ~ym{ e ~ym{ ej{ t lmndj$, `e ve`eiye enu}dmym }ge ymomymgkde
jibm~e` msek~e t m{~ei`m, e}gu}m kjg{myegnj {} `daerg kjg `e ekkdg vyk~dke'
Nm{e yyj``j v{dkj`adkj nm `e O}gkdg Ke~majydre njye nm ` @mga} ebm '
]ge mr enu}dydne `e ymomymgkde jibm~e` mg m` gdj e `j{ ~ym{ ej{, `e ve`eiye eg~dmgm }g `eyaj keldgj vjy ymkjyymy' M` nm{eyyj``j nm `e ve`eiye te gj kjgkdmygm e {}
ymomymgkde jibm~e` {dgj e {} o}gkdg ke~majydrenjye, m{ nmkdy e {} {dagdodkenj #kelvj
{mlg~dkj$' M{~j u}mne k`eyj e` kjlveyey e ymomymgkde jibm~e` mg }g gdj nm ~ym{ ej{ t `e
nm }g gdj nm {dm~m ej{, mg elij{ ke{j{, {} ymomymgkde jibm~e` m{ ie{~e{~m m{~ei`m, gj
ji{~eg~m, m{~j gj {dagdodke u}m elie{ ve`eiye{ ~mgaeg mg kene }ge nm m{~e{ m~eve{, m`
ld{lj {dagdodkenj' Kene m~eve nm` nm{eyyj``j nm `e ve`eiye, eg kjg `e ld{le ymomymgkde
jibm~e`, enu}dmym t nm{eyyj``e g}me{ m{~y}k~}ye{ {mlg~dke{, kelidegnj t
mgydu}mkdgnj{m m` {d{~mle nm mg`ekm{ t amgmye`drekdjgm{ u}m m{~g mgkmyyenj{ mg m``e, `j
u}m u}dmym nmkdy u}m m` {dagdodkenj ld{lj nm `e ve`eiye {m nm{eyyj``e' @}yde mbmlv`dodke
m{~m v}g~j2
^jlml j{, vjy mbml v`j, `e ve`eiye ~dmgne' @e ve`eiye ~dmgne ~dmgm , veyem` gdj nm ~ym{ ej{, }ge ymomymgkde jibm~e ` kjlv `m~elm g~m msek~e' Gj m{gd }ge lm{e gd }g egdle`, gj m{ }g `diyj' @e ymomymgkde jibm~e ` nm m{~eve`eiye m{, mg m{~m vmyjnj, {}odkdmg~mlmg~m m{~ei`m' ' ' ' Veye m` gdj nmmnen m{kj`ey ~mlvyege, ~dmgne nm{dage m` `}aey e njgnm {m e e kjlvyeyvyjn}k~j{ ndmy{j{, e njgnm e mkm{ `j le gneg e ce kmy `e{ kjlvye{' M{~e
~dmgne {m mgk}mg~ ye mg `e m{u}dge nm `e ke{e j ky}regnj `e ke``m'
Mg m{~m ke{j, ~dmgne u}mne vydene nm {} {dagdodkenj eomk~dj, t m` {mg~dnj {m
}m`m vyjaym{delmg~m kjlv`mlmg~eydj' M` vevm` kmg~ye` `j b}mae `e dleamg ndymk~e nm
m{~e #njgnm {m kjlvyeg kj{e{ j vyjn}k~j{$, vjy `j u}m gj {j`j kelide `e m{~y}k~}ye
{mlg~dke nm `e ve`eiye, {dgj `j{ vyjkm{j{ v{dkj`adkj{ u}m {}itekmg e {} mld{dg' E{,
veye m` gdj vmu}mj, m` vevm` vydgkdve` `j b}mae m` eomk~j, `e {mg{ekdg nm e`aj
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;3eayenei`m #j gj$ e` nmodgdy }g kjgkmv~j, veye m` gdj vymm{kj`ey j m` bjmg m{kj`ey mg
kelidj, m` vydgkdve` vevm` `j b}mae `e dleamg dglmnde~e mg {} lmljyde, u}m ymvyjn}km}ge {d~}ekdg nm~myldgene, kjlj `j ymo`mbe m{~m m{u}mle2
Mg kelidj, veye }g gdj te m{kj`ey, j mg m` ke{j nm }g m{~}ndj{jmkjgjld{~e, m`
~dvj nm mg`ekm{ {jiym `j{ u}m {m ey~}k}`e m` {dagdodkenj m{ kjlv`m~elmg~m nd{~dg~j, v}m{ m`
vevm` le{ dlvjy~eg~m `j b}maeg `j{ mg`ekm{ `adkj{ nm e ve`eiye2
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;4Kjlj vjnmlj{ my, m` {dagdodkenj nm }ge ve`eiye kelide eg nm{v}{ u}m `e
ymomymgkde jibm~e` ce e`kegrenj m{~eid`dnen t msek~d~}n, egk`enj mg m` ~dvj nm mg`ekm{ {jiym`e{ k}e`m{ {m ey~dk}`e m` {dagdodkenj nm `e ve`eiye', {~m cmkcj, {dagdodke veye @}yde #5436$
u}m g}m{~ye kjgkdmgkde kelide {} m{~y}k~}ye ld{le mg m` k}y{j nm g}m{~yj nm{eyyj``j'
Keim cekmy gj~ey, u}m `e eveydkdg nm g}mj{ ~dvj{ nm mg`ekm{ gj dlv`dke u}m `j{ ~dvj{ nm
mg`ekm{ vymdj{ nm{eveymrkeg, m{~j{ {m kjg{myeg {mk}gneydelmg~m, msvym{gnj{m e
~ye{ nm` {mg~dnj, kjg `j k}e` m` nm{eyyj``j t vj`d {dagdodkekdg nm` `mga}ebm #mg ~jnj{ `j{
gdm`m{ nm vyjn}kkdg nm {dagdodkenj$ u}mne eidmy~j e o}~}ye{ dgo`}mgkde{ t kjgndkdjgeg~m{
u}m `m vmyld~eg eydey #11$'
@e Jyekdg kjl j ]gdnen nm Eg`d{d{'
G}lmyj{j{ e}~jym{, mg~ym `j{ u}m nm{~ekeg Kcjl{ht, Iy}gmy #543?$ t Qmy~{kc
#543=$, Hjr}`dg #544;$ ceg v`eg~menj u}m m` kjgkmv~j kjlj }gdnen nm eg`d{d{ gj ym{}`~e
nm` ~jnj enmk}ene, v}m{ ~e` m`mkkdg, `daene e` ~dvj nm nd{k}{djgm{ t ymo`msdjgm{ ~mydke{ nm
`j{ ej{ ~ymdg~e, gj kjg~mlv`eie m` nm{eyyj``j nm `e `dga{~dke t `e v{dkj`dgad{~dke
vj{~mydjy, u}m ``maeyeg e v`eg~mey kjg letjy vyjvdmnen e `e jyekdg kjlj }gdnen nm
eg`d{d{, m{vmkde`lmg~m veye `j{ jibm~dj{ nm `e vyjv}m{~e taj~{hdege, veye `j{ momk~j{ nm
eijyeney m` vyji`mle nm `e o}gkdg kjl}gdke~de ' M{~e m`mkkdg ~mgnye kjlj mg~ebe, m`
vmyld~dy ji{myey t ege`drey m` nm{eyyj``j nm j~ye{ o}gkdjgm{ v{dkj`adke{ #mg ydajy,
v{dkj`dga}{~dke{$, gj ji{myei`m{ t ege`drei`m{ ~jlegnj kjlj }gdnen nm eg`d{d{ e `e
ve`eiye #kjgkmv~j$'
Ecjye idmg, {dg nm{kjgjkmy `j{ g}lmyj{j{ eegkm{ kjg ndkce }gdnen, keim {me`ey,
`j u}m @}yde v`eg~me, kjlj kyd~mydj{ {}itekmg~m{ e m{~e jvkdg, `e nd{~dgkdg mg~ym }gdnen
i{dke nm ` `mga}ebm , u}m kjyym{vjgnm e` kjgkmv~j, t `j u}m kjyym{vjgnmye e `e }gdnen
i{dke nm `e `mga}e, `e jyekdg'
Mg yme`dnen {d }ge ve`eiye ed{`ene #vm' lm{e, vmyyj, keyig,{}oydldmg~j$ u}m nm{dageg nm~myldgene{ ekkdjgm{ j k}e`dnenm{, {m `m}gmg j~ye{ ve`eiye{ #vm' kjyymy, njyldy, dy, yjbj, eleyaj$ u}mnm{dageg nm~myldgene{ ekkdjgm{ j k}e`dnenm{, u}mne dg~yjn}kdne mg }g
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>6nm~myl dgenj {d{~mle nm ym`ekdjgm{, mg }g {d{~mle b myyu}dkj nm kjgkmv~j{']ge ve`eiye e d{`ene eg gj ms vym{e }g b}dkdj kjlv`m~j, }ge dnme kjlv`m~e '
Vjy m` kjg~yeydj `e oye{m, eg `e l{ {dlv`m #`e ke{e eynm, m` vmyyj`enye, `e n}ne m{ vj{d~de$ gj {j`elmg~m nm{dage e`ag jibm~j jomglmgj {dgj u}m msvym{e }g nm~myldgenj vmg{eldmg~j, kjl}gdke }gnm~myldgenj ekjg~mkdldmg~j'
D lvjy ~e gkde V{dkj`adke nm `e Jyekdg kjlj ]gdnen nm Eg`d{d{'
@e m`mkkdg nm `e jyekdg kjlj }gdnen nm eg`d{d{ vym{mg~eye }ge letjy e`dnmr
mkj`adke e e cjye nm yme`drey m{~}ndj{ v{dkjmj`}~dj{' Nm m{~e legmye, m` ve{j nm` }{j
nm ve`eiye ed{`ene{, e` }{j nm oye{m{ } jyekdjgm{, dlv`dke m` vjnmy m{~}ndey `e kevekdnen nmvyjn}kdy t msvym{ey vmg{eldmg~j{ j b}dkdj{ nm~myldgenj{'
' ' ' # nm cm kcj$ `e{ ve`eiye{ ed{`ene{ kjg `e{ k}e`m{ {m dgdkde m ` nm{eyyj``j nm``mga}ebm nm` gdj, {jg mg yme`dnen jyekdjgm{ nm }ge {j`e ve`eiye, #u}m$m{~g mg~ym `erene{ e `e ekkdg yme`' E{, `e ve`eiye l}mke v}mnm{dagdodkey m g m` gdj nelm `e l}m ke, m~k'
Mg `e `dga{~dke ~yendkdjge`, b}{~elmg~m e ~ye{ nm` m{~}ndj nm `j{ kjgkmv~j{, m{~m
vyjkm{j {m nm{kydim {dlv`mlmg~m e ~ye{ nm `e m{~y}k~}ye ndgldke u}m enu}dmym }g
kjgkmv~j k}egnj {m jyaegdre kjg j~yj{ kjgkmv~j{, e ~ye{ nm `j{ myij{, `e{ e`mgkde{ t
`j{ vj{di`m{ mg`ekm{ u}m kene kjgkmv~j m{ kever nm yme`drey mg kene kjg~ms~j `dga{~dkj
mg u}m m{ }{enj' M{~e vyjvdmnen `dga{~dke nm `j{ kjgkmv~j{, nm m{~ei`mkmy kjgmsdjgm{ t
mg`ekm{, m{ `e ie{m u}m vmyld~m `e eveydkdg nm `e jyekdg kjlj ojyle nm msvym{dg nm`
vmg{eldmg~j' M{vmkodkelmg~m, nm{nm m` v}g~j nm d{~e `}ydegj t evjtegnj{m mg `j{
eg`d{d{ `dga}{~dkj m{~y}k~}ye`m{, `e m`mkkdg nm `e jyekdg kjlj }gdnen nm eg`d{d{ ~yemye
kjlj mg~ebe, vmyld~dy ney k}mg~e nm nj{ ~dvj{ nm vydgkdvdj{ nm jyaegdrekdg nm `j{
{dagdodkenj{ myie`m{ kjlv`m~elmg~m ndomymg~m{, u}m neydeg k}mg~e nm {~e{ vyjvdmnenm{
`dga{~dkj{mlg~dke{ dlv`dkd~e{ mg `j{ kjgkmv~j{' M` vydlmy ~dvj {m kjgjkm kjlj
jyaegdrekdg veyendal ~dke , t m` {ma}gnj, jyaegdrekdg {dg~eal ~ dke nm` `mga}ebm
#9$ #;$'
Jyaegdrekdg [dg~eal ~dke nm `e jyekdg'
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>5
M` jynmg v{dkj`dga}{~dkj u}m {}itekm e `e ojylekdg nm }ge jyekdg #e `e msvym{dgkeie` nm }ge dnme$, m{~e ymadnj vjy nm~myldgene{ yma`e{ u}m v}mnmg m{~}ndey{m' E m{~m
jynmg {mk}mgkde` nm m{~y}k~}yekdg nm dnme{ mg }ge jyekdg, {m `m nmgjldge Jyaegdrekdg
[dg~eal~dke nm `e jyekdg' M{~e ojyle nm jyaegdrekdg t msvym{dg nm dnme{, {m ne mg
ie{m e {dg~eale{, m{ nmkdy, mg ie{m e m{`eijgm{ ayele~dke`m{ u}m lmndeg~m nm~myldgene{
yma`e{ nm kjg{~d~}kdg, yma}`eg `e msvym{dg nm k}e`u}dmy dnme' Nm{k}iydy m{~m ~dvj nm
jyaegdrekdg ym{}`~e gmkm{eydj, v}m{ {d gj {m kjg{dnmye `j{ ~dvj{ nm {mk}mgkde{ mg `e{ u}m
{m m{~y}k~}ye }ge ve`eiye, `e ~eyme ld{le nm dnmg~dodkey u}m ve`eiye eveymkmy, mg ie{m ej~yj{ kyd~mydj{ ~e`m{ kjlj `e oymk}mgkde nm eveydkdg nm `e{ vj{di`m{ ve`eiye{ vj{~mydjym{ e
`e vydlmye ve`eiye {m`mkkdjgene, ceye ~e` ~eyme ke{d dlvj{di`m, nenj m` kjgb}g~j ke{d
d`dld~enj nm ve`eiye{ vj{di`m{ u}m kjgojyleg g}m{~yj jkei}`eydj'
@e jyaegdrekdg {dg~eal~dke nm `e jyekdg {m ie{e le{ u}m mg vyjieid`dnenm{ nm
eveydkdg nm ve`eiye{, mg `e vyjieid`dnen nm eveydkdg nm ke~majye{ nm ve`eiye{, vjy `j
u}m `j dlvjy~eg~m m{ dnmg~dodkey `j{ nd{~dg~j{ ~dvj{ nm ke~majye{, t kjlj m{~e{ {m
ym`ekdjgeg ayele~dke`lmg~m e` ojyley }ge jyekdg #Ld``my, 5445$' @e{ ke~majye{ l{
kjyydmg~m{ {jg m` gjliym, m` myij, m` enbm~dj, m` enmyidj, `e vymvj{dkdg, m` vyjgjliym,
`e kjgb}gkdg t m` ey~dk}`j, `e{ u}m v}mnmg nddndy{m mg {}ike~majye{ kjlj, gjliym{
vyjvdj{, gjliym{ le{dj{, kjg~ei`m{, gj kjg~ei`m{, m~k'
M` ojyl}`ey `e{ yma`e{ lmndeg~m ke~majye{ ym{}`~e l}t mg~ebj{j, v}m{ vmyld~m
enml{ nm k`e{dodkey `j{ kjlvjgmg~m{ nm }ge jyekdg, vmyld~m ke~majydrey e `e jyekdg
ld{le' Nm m{~e lmgmye, jyekdjgm{ ~e`m{ kjlj M` gdj `mtj m` `diyj, M` ayegbmyj ker }g
ce`kg, M` dmg~j ljd `e{ cjbe{, } j~ye{, ymvym{mg~eg ke{j{ nm }ge ke~majye
jyekdjge` nmodgdne vjy `e {mk}mgkde2 Eyk}`j ( Gjliym ( _myij ( Ey~k}`j (
Gjliym #Ld``my, 5445$' M{ okd` ney{m k}mg~e u}m mg ie{m e m{~m ~dvj nm jynmgekdg, {m
v}mnmg dnmg~dodkey enml{, nm~myldgene{ ke~majye{ u}m ym{}`~eg le{ kjy~e{ u}m `e
eg~mydjy, vmyj u}m `e dgk`}tmg' Vjy mbmlv`j, mg m` ke{j u}m ekeielj{ nm vym{mg~ey
#Ey~dk}`j ( Gjliym ( _myij ( Ey~dk}`j ( Gjliym$, `e {mk}mgkde Ey~dk}`j ( Gjliym,
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>9eveymkm nj{ mkm{, vjy `j u}m m{ vj{di`m, {dlv`dodkegnj ndkce {mk}mgkde, nmgjldgey`e kjg
}g {`j gjliym k}egnj eveymrke8 e m{~e jynmgekdg vey~dk}`ey nm m{~e{ nj{ ke~majye{ nmve`eiye{ {m `e ``ele [dg~eale Gjldge` #[G$ ' Vjy kjg{da}dmg~m, ~jne jyekdjg v}mnm
u}mney nmodgdne nm `e {da}dmg~m legmye2 [dg~eale Gjldge` # [G$ ( _myij (
[dg~eale Gjldge`'
@e mg~ebe nm ed{`ey m dnmg~dodkey kjg }g gjliym `e{ {mk}mgkde{ dg~myge{ nm
ve`eiye{ gj m{ {dlv`mlmg~m m` eiymdey `e ojyl}`ekdg nm m{~e k`e{m nm jyekdjgm{, enml{
vmyld~m ney{m k}mg~e nm `e{ yma`e{ u}m kjgojyleg `