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Introduction:Introduction:
The History ofThe History of
ComputerComputer
The IndustrialThe Industrial
RevolutionRevolution
The Man: CharlesThe Man: CharlesBabbageBabbage
The AbacusThe Abacus
The Difference EngineThe Difference Engine
The Analytical EngineThe Analytical Engine
Generation ofGeneration of
ComputersComputers
ComputerComputer
ApplicationApplication
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The History:The History:
The history of mankind is a history of his tools. If we take a lookThe history of mankind is a history of his tools. If we take a lookat mankind early evolutionary life, we will see that our ancestorsat mankind early evolutionary life, we will see that our ancestorsmade use of the various things around them to ease their work,made use of the various things around them to ease their work,to make themselves tougher and stronger. From the stone flintsto make themselves tougher and stronger. From the stone flintsand spears with which they hunted huge mammoths and fierceand spears with which they hunted huge mammoths and fiercebisons, to the iron implements that made them more efficientbisons, to the iron implements that made them more efficient
and gave them a greater command over their environment, canand gave them a greater command over their environment, canbe seen the rise to eminence of the human race.be seen the rise to eminence of the human race.
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The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution
During this period the distilledDuring this period the distilled
knowledge of the world around usknowledge of the world around us
and how it works contributed toand how it works contributed to
the creation of many things thatthe creation of many things thatwe take for granted nowadays,we take for granted nowadays,
but which make our lives morebut which make our lives more
convenient and dignifiedconvenient and dignified
The AbacusThe Ultimate Ancestorof todays computers
Use to aid in handling
numerical/logical
Charles Babbage
1791-1871
The Father of Computing.
Born on Dec. 26, 1791 inTeignmouth Devonshire
UK.
The one who laid thedown the basic ideas for a
computing machine.
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The Difference
EngineConceive to perform quick tabularCalculations.
An Algorithm that lent itself to theeasy creation of a wide range of
mathematical Tables.
The Analytical Engine
The Creation of over 50,000components. It was utilize I/Omedia called Jacuards punch.
The First Ever Device that can beconsidered a computer in the
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The AnalyticalEngineJacquards Punch
Used to lay down thread arrangement inweaving.
Is a perforated card that can indicatenumerical values
It used the punch cards for storingo eratin instructions ro rams and
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Computer
Generations
First Generation
1940-1956
Vacuum Tubes
Were Based on the use of
wired circuits containing vacuumtubes, and which utilized punchcards as the main storage
medium.
The ENIAC
Machine Language
Mainly Involve themanipulation of bits (1s or0s; yes or no) in order to
tell the computer how to
ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL
INTEGRATOR ANDCOMPUTER (ENIAC)
EDVAC- ELECTRONIC DISCRETEVARIABLE AUTOMATIC COMPUTER Produced through the
collaboration of the USGovernment and the Universityof Pennsylvania
It consisted of 18,000
vacuum tubes, 70,000resistors and 5 millionsoldered joints and occupied
a space equal to a small
Designed by Von Neumann in1945. EDVAC is the pioneer in
implementing Von NeumannArchitecture the Key to WhichCentral Processing Unit which
allow all computer function to be
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Second Generation
1956-1963
Second Generation ofComputers called AssemblyLanguage. Assembly language
essentially replaced thecomplicated and difficultBinary codes of Machine
Language with Easier
The Third Generation
1964-1971
The Integrated Circuits
During this period,computer Development grewby great strides, marking
milestones in miniaturizationspeed and cost efficiency.
Jack Kilby and RoberNoyce was invented the firstIntegrated Circuits (IC)
combined three components
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The Fourth Generation
1972-Present
The Micro Processors
The Result of All these is thatcomputer became smaller andsmaller yet they became more
powerful. Today engineers areable to put millions of transistorsin a single chip whose size is less
than 1 inch square.
Fourth Generation Computers are
Characterized by the applicationof Advanced Engineering
Techniques thatallow forVeryLarge Scale Integration(VLSI) andUltra Large-Scale
Integration (ULSI)
The Fifth Generation
The Term Fifth Generation as itpertains to computer systems refers tothe smart systems, as in HumanSmart. Can Understand HumanSpeech, can recognize patternslike faces and other complex
Images.
The Terms Broadly use areARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (A.I).Expert system and natural
Language processing.
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