Download - Seed potato production in Asia_FernandoEzeta
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VISI Regional Benih Kentang di ESEAP
Bandung-Indonesia, Oct. 2010
Fernando N Ezeta
Regional Leader,
CIP-ESEAP
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Komponen Sistim Perbenihan Kentang
Lingkungan
Pengembangan Pasar Benih
Teknologi
benih
Services, Supplies, Infrastructure
Kapasitas produksi Unit/Asosiasi
Aturan &Kebijakan
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Distribusi Kentang Dunia
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Plot benih
Produksi konsumsiDataran Medium
Plot benih
Produksi konsumsiDataran rendah
KETINGGIAN TEMPAT DAN PRODUKSI BENIH
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Equator
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
0
24 N
24 S
50 N
50 S
Letak Lintang dan Produksi Benih
SEED FLOW
SEED FLOW
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Konsep Kualitas Benih
• Faktor KesehatanSistemik dan penyakit/hama terbawa benih
• Faktor FisiologiUmur Fisiologi
• Faktor FisikUkuran, berat, bentuk
• Faktor ManagemenPenyikatan, pengupasan, pencampuran
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Effect of PLRV on YieldEffect of PLRV on the foliage
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% Infected plantsY
ield
red
ucti
on (
%)
Effect of Viruses on Yield
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Myzus persicae Sulz. Vector of several potato viruses.
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Bacterial Diseases
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Late blight (Phythopthora infestans)
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PHYSIOLOGICAL AGE OF SEED
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Faktor yang mempengaruhi umur fisiologi
• Genotipe• Suhu saat fase pertumbuhan• Suhu saat di gudang• Cahaya saat periode kecambah• Kerusakan umbi• Bahan kimia
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• Suhu dan cahaya merupakan faktor penting untuk mengontrol umur fisiologi umbi
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Sertifikasi Benih
Klasifikasi berdasarkan:
1. Aturan karantina tumbuhan 2. Pemeriksaan lapang & laboratorium
(ELISA test)3. Isolasi jarak pada pertanaman4. Tanggal daun mulai layu5. Pemeriksaan pasca panen
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Produksi Benih: Sertifikasi
• Skema klasifikasibenih oleh NAK
Bahan kultur jaringan
S
AB SC SEE
Klon tahun I
Klon tahun II
Klon tahun III
Klon tahun IV
mother plant
Pre-basic seedBasic seed
Certified seed
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Sistem Benih Kentang di DC
INFORMAL
FORMAL
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Sistim InformalProgram benih resmi
Benih sendiri Benih yg dibeli
Sumber benih petani
Milik sendiri biasa bersertifikat
Sumber: Horton D. et al, CIP, 1987
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Strategi perbaikan
• Petani tidak pernah mendapatkan benih dari luar kebunnya
• Petani secara periodik mendapatkan benih dlam jumlah sedikit untuk memperbaiki stok benih mereka
• Petani secara periodik membeli sebagian besar benih untuk keperluannya
• Petani membeli hampir semua benih keperluannya tiap musim tanam
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Benih sebagai kesempatan
• Benih kualitas rendah digunakan saat ini
• Pathogen disebarkan melalui benih ke area yg semula sehat
• Varietas baru tidak sampai ke petani
• Benih tersedia dengan harga mahal
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Hambatan dalam produksi benih bermutu di negara-negara ESEAP
Efisiensi produksi Kelembagaan
PemasaranHukum dan aturan main
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Thank you