Download - Sensores quimicos
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SENSORES QUÍMICOSOlfato e gustação
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OLFATO
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Os cães são animais macrosmáticos, enquanto os primatas, como os gorilas, são microsmáticos. Os cetáceos, como a baleia, são anosmáticos, por não possuírem aparelho olfativo.
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Células sensoriais olfatórias
ATRAVÉS DO SENTIDO OLFATÓRIO OS ANIMAIS PODEM DETECTAR AS FONTES EMANADORAS DESUBSTÂNCIAS QUÍMICAS A DISTÂNCIA .ASSOCIADO COM A PROCURA DE ALIMENTO, PARCEIRO SEXUAIS, RECONHECIMENTO DE INDIVÍDUOSDA PRÓPRIA ESPÉCIE.
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EPITELIO OLFATIVO
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ANATOMIA SIMPLIFICADA
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NEURONIO BIPOLAR
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- receptores- 500 a 1000 genesProteínas fixadoras de odoríferos (PFO)- moléc. lipofílicas- Acoplados à proteína G (Golf),aumento de AMPc e abertura de canais iônicos (Na+, Ca++)hidrólise de fosfoinositol (IP3)- Término do sinalproteinoqui
•Transdução de sinal
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LIMIARES OLFATIVOS E DISCRIMINAÇÃOex. éter- 5,83 mg/L de ar;clorofórmio- 3,3 mg/L óleo de hortelã- 0,02 mg/Lpropil mercaptano- 0,006 mg/Lmetil mercaptano- 0,0000004 mg/L Se distingue 2000 a 4000 odores diferentes Moléculas com 3-20 átomos de carbono e solúveis em água e lipídios
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Receptores e vias Membrana mucosa olfativaárea- 5 cm2 (humanos)- células de sustentação e céls. precursoras dos receptores olfativos, glândulas de Bowman- 10 a 20 milhões de céls. receptoras- vida média de poucas semanas
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ANORMALIDADES DA OLFAÇÃO
- ANOSMIA –AUSÊNCIA DO SENTIDO DE OLFATO- HIPOSMIA- SENSIBILIDADE DIMINUÍDA- DISOSMIA- SENTIDO DE OLFATO DISTORCIDO
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ÓRGÃO VOMERO-NASAL
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PALADARGUSTAÇÃO
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A LINGUA COMO ÓRGÃO
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SALGADO
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AZEDO
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AMARGO
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UMAMI
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DOCE
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VIA GUSTATIVA