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Shit-ry (?) is a form ofkaratethat was founded in 1931 byKenwa Mabuni(Mabuni
Kenwa?).
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Branches
3 Characteristics
4 Opening ceremony (Reishiki)
5 Kata
6 Kunshi no Ken (The Noble Discipline)
7 Heijutsu no Sanbyo
8 Techniques
o 8.1 Dachi (stances)[15]
o 8.2 Uke-waza (blocking techniques)
o 8.3 Uchi-waza (striking techniques)
o 8.4 Keri-waza (kicking techniques)
9 See also
10 References
History[edit]Kenwa Mabuni (Mabuni Kenwa) was born inShuri,Okinawain 1889. Mabuni was a 17th
generation descendant of the famous warrior Oni Ufugusuku Kenyu.[1]
Perhaps because of his weak
constitution, he began his instruction in his home town in the art ofShuri-te(?) at the age of 13,
under the tutelage of the legendaryAnk Itosu(Itosu Ank?) (18311915). He trained diligently
for several years, learning manykatafrom this great master. It was Itosu who first developed
thePinankata, which were most probably derived from the "Kusanku" form.
One of his close friends,Chjun Miyagi(Miyagi Chjun?) (co-founder ofGoj-ryKarate)
introduced Mabuni to another great of that period,Kanry Higaonna(Higaonna Kanry?).
Mabuni began to learnNaha-te(?) under him. While both Itosu and Higaonna taught a "hard-soft"
style of Okinawan "Te", their methods and emphases were quite distinct: the Itosu syllabus included
straight and powerful techniques as exemplified in theNaihanchiandBassaikata; the Higaonna syllabus
stressed circular motion and shorter fighting methods as seen in the kataSeipaiandKururunfa. Shit-ry
focuses on both hard and soft techniques to this day.
Although he remained true to the teachings of these two great masters, Mabuni sought instruction from a
number of other teachers, includingSeish Arakaki, Tawada Shimboku, Sueyoshi Jino and Wu Xianhui (a
Chinese master known as Go-Kenki). In fact, Mabuni was legendary for his encyclopaedic knowledge
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ofkata and theirbunkaiapplications. By the 1920s, he was regarded as the foremost authority on
Okinawan kata and their history and was much sought after as a teacher by his contemporaries. There is
even some evidence that his expertise was sought out in China, as well as Okinawa and mainland Japan.
As a police officer, he taught local law enforcement officers and at the behest of his teacher Itosu, began
instruction in the various grammar schools in Shuri and Naha.
In an effort to popularize karate in mainland Japan, Mabuni made several trips to Tokyoin 1917 and 1928.
Although much that was known as "Te" (Chinese Fist; lit. simply "hand") or karate had been passed down
through many generations with jealous secrecy, it was his view that it should be taught to anyone who
sought knowledge with honesty and integrity. In fact, many masters of his generation held similar views
on the future of Karate:Gichin Funakoshi(founder ofShotokan), another contemporary, had moved to
Tokyo in the 1920s to promote his art on the mainland as well.
By 1929, Mabuni had moved toOsakaon the mainland, to become a full-time karate instructor of a style
he originally called Hanko-ry, or "half-hard style". The name of the style changed to Shit-ry, in honor of
its main influences. Mabuni derived the name for his new style from the firstkanjicharacter from the
names of his two primary teachers, Higa(shi)onna and I(to)su. With the support of Ryusho Sakagami
(19151993), he opened a number of Shit-rydojoin the Osaka area, including one atKansai
Universityand the Japan Karated-kai dojo. To this day, the largest contingent of Shit-ry practitioners
in Japan is centered in the Osaka area.[2][3]
Mabuni published a number of books on the subject and continued to systematize the instruction method.
In his latter years, he developed a number of formal kata, such as Aoyagi, for example, which was
designed specifically for women's self defense. Perhaps more than any other master in the last century,
Mabuni was steeped in the traditions and history of Karate-d, yet forward thinking enough to realize that
it could spread throughout the world. To this day, Shit-ry recognizes the influences of Itosu and
Higaonna: thekatasyllabus of Shit-ry is still often listed in such a way as to show the two lineages.
Kenwa Mabuni died on May 23, 1952, and the lineage of the style was disputed between his two sons,
Kenz and Kenei. Currently, the Shit-ry International Karate-d Kai (also known as Seito Shit-ry) lists
Kenz Mabuni as the secondSkeof Shit-ry,[4]
while the World Shit-ry Karate-d Federation (also
known as Shit-kai Shit-ry) listsKenei Mabuni.[5]
Branches[edit]
Other schools of Shit-ry developed after the death of Kenwa Mabuni, both because the death of a
founder typically results in a dispute as to who will succeed him as the leader of a given school and
because many prominent Karate teachers choose to modify the style, thereby creating new branches.
Major existing branches of Shit-ry include:
Shit-kai: Founded by Manzo Iwata in Tokyo and by Kenei Mabuni in Osaka. These two branches
were reunited in 1964, establishingAll Japan Karate-d Federation Shit-Kai, which, after the death
ofManzo Iwatain 1993, became known asWorld Shit-ry Karate-d Federation.[5]
It was led by
president Ken Sakio (a student of Chki Motobu and Mab -uni Kenwa) from 1993 to 2004, and is
currently led by president Tokio Hisatomi, a student of Mab-uni Kenwa[6]
Recently, Kenei Mabuni
founded a private organization, International Dento (Traditional) Shit-ry, which is separate from the
WSKF.
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Seit Shit-ry: Founded by Kenzo Mabuni. Seit, or "True" Shit-ry is the style promoted by
Shit-ry International Karate-d Kai and is other of the two branches claiming direct lineage from
Kenwa Mabuni. It was founded by his son Kenzo Mabuni and, since his death in 2005, belongs to
Kenzo's daughter, Tsukasa Mabuni. Kenzo Mabuni was an honorary life member of the Japan Karate
Federation, holding the honorary rank of 10th Dan. Honorary ranks awarded by Japan Karate
Federation should not be confused with true ranks, as true ranks of 10th Dan are rarely, if ever,awarded and Honorary Ranks are given out in large numbers, mostly to esteem members of
Japanese society who are not involved with martial arts. In the 1990s, several renowned international
Shitoryu masters affiliated themselves to Kenzo Mabuni, including Minobu Miki, who joined
immediately after he was expelled and forced to leave Hayashi-ha, and Chuzo Kotaka, though both
only stayed affiliated with Seit Shit-ry for a very short time. Kenzo's traditional funeral was
attended by karate masters from around Japan and the world, including his older brother Kenei
Mabuni, which is common when a son of a legend dies. It should be noted that Japan Karate
Federation does not recognize Seit Shit-ry as a legitimate style and therefore Dan ranks in Seit
Shit-ry are not recognized or accepted in Japan.
Shkkai: Founded byChjir Tani, student of Mabuni Kenwa, in 1949. This style represents the
Tani-ha version of Shit-ry. Tani's most senior student, Shigeru Kimura, left Japan in 1965 to teach
Shkkai in Africa. Kimura continued to teach after travelling to Europe, before settling in the United
States in 1970 at the age of 29, where he taught at Yonezuka's Cranford dojo for two years; creating
the first Shukokai World Tournament in 1981. Sensei Kimura died of a heart attack at the age of 54.
Tani died on 11 January 1998.
Seishin-kai: Founded by Ksei Kokuba, student of Mabuni Kenwa and Chki Motobuin 1943 in
Osaka, Japan. This school originally represented Motobu-ha Shit-ry, but no longer claims this
lineage.
Kuniba-Kai International: Founded byShg Kuniba, thirdskeof Seishin-Kai and the son of Ksei
Kokuba. He moved toPortsmouth VAin 1983. His dojo was separated from Seishin-Kai after his
death in 1992 and became known as Kuniba-Kai. Kuniba-Kai is now led by Shg's son - Kz
Kuniba. The organisation's headquarters is located in Osaka, Japan.
Hayashi-ha Shitrykai: Founded by Teruo Hayashi, student of Kenwa Mabuni and Ksei Kokuba
in 1970 . Hayashi led Seishinkai before founding Hayashi-ha Shitry-kai. Hayashi-ha Shitry
combines manyRyei-rytechniques that Hayashi learned while studying in Okinawa. The European
organization is run by Miguel Fernndez Vzquez, Barcelona, Spain. In the USA, Hayashi-ha is run
byAkio MinakamiinSeattle.[7]
Teruo Hayashi died in 2004.
Inoue-ha Shit-ry Keishin-kai : Founded by Yoshimi Inoue () in 2004 as a direct
descendant of Hayashi-ha Shit-ry with headquarters inTottori, Japanand dojos in Venezuela, USA,
Sweden, Brazil, and other countries. Inoue is a senior coach of the Japan National Karate Kata
Competition team and his students include a number of World Kata champions.[8]
Itosu-kai: Founded by Ryusho Sakagami (19151993) on March 1, 1940 as Shito-ryu Karate
Sakagami Dojo inKawanishi City,Hygo Prefecture.[9]
He succeeded to the position of 3rd soke of
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Itosu-ha on January 2, 1952, and he officially named the organization "Japan Karatedo Itosu-kai" and
the style "Itosu-ryu" in 1969. The branch is now run by Ryusho's son Sadaaki Sakagami, 4th soke of
Itosu-Ryu.
Sanshin-kan: Founded by Tamas Weber in 1965 inStockholm, Sweden. He was a student of Tani,
Hayashi, Kuniba, and others. The term "San" (three in Japanese) stands for tradition, spirit, andjustice. Sanshin-kan organization was established in 1969.
[10]
Hokushin: Taught by Minobu Miki, a student of Teruo Hayashi until he left the Hayashi-ha
organization.[11]
inSan Diego, CaliforniaHokushin has been led by a student of Kenz Mabuni since
1972.
Shito-Ryu Karate-Do: Taught by Japan Karate-Do International Academy. It is a organization
teaching the Shito-Ryu Karate-Do of Master Mabuni Kenwa and Ryukyu Kobudo. It has been existing
since 1994.
Seiko-kai: Founded in (Shinkoiwa, Tokyo-Japan) 1993 by Seiko Suzuki, a senior student of Ryusho
Sakagami.[12]
Aoinagi-ha Shit-ry Karate-d: founded by Ray Castilonia, a student of Chuzo Kotaka and
Richard Kim, in California in 1978.[13]
Shiroma Shit-ry: Founded byShinpan Shiroma, a student of Itosu and Higaonna, and Mabuni
Kenwa's peer inShuriandNishihara, Okinawa. He taught fromWorld War IIuntil his death in 1954,
thereby creating the only known Okinawan branch of Shit -ry. His student, Horoku Ishikawa,
continues his lineage.[citation needed]
Kotaka-ha Shit-ry: Founded in 1966 by Chuzo Kotaka, a member of Seishinkai, in Hawaii. He is
the founder and President of International Karate Federation with its headquarter based in
Hawaii.[citation needed]
Shito-ryu Karate-do Genbu-kai: Founded byFumio Demurain 1965 inSanta Ana, California. He
was a student of Ryusho Sakagami and Shinken Taira. It was renamed to Shito-ryu Karate-do
Genbu-kai Federation in 2003.[citation needed]
Kurokawa-ha Shit-ry Kai: Founded in 1995 by Timothy M. Brooks, student of Teruo Hayashi,
Shg Kuniba and Ryusho Sakagami.[citation needed]
Sosa-kai: Founded by Jorge Sosa Sr; a direct student of Kenei Mabuni.[citation needed]
Tanaka Shito-ryu Shobukan: Founded by Hiromasa Tanaka a student of Ken Sakio (former
president of the Shito ryu Karate Federation) in Matsuyama city, Japan. Shobu means the spirit of
warrior.[citation needed]
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Tetsu-ryu-Ha Shito-Ryu: Founded by Ted A. Hines, student of Richard Baillargeon and Shogo
Kuniba, in Ohio in 1996.[citation needed]
Hinsei Shito-Ryu Karate-Do: Founded in 1995 by John Gaddy, a student of Yoshisada Yonezuka
and Masayuki Kukan Hisataka. Shigeru Kimura, Yonezuka, and Tomo Kidachi were early pioneers of
Tani-Ha Shito-Ryu Karate-Do in the United States, while the Italian sensei Fabio Martella was anearly pioneer in France.
[citation needed]
Nobukawa-Ha Shito-Ryu Karate-Do: Founded by Soke Kuniaki Nobukawa, 8th (Hachi) Dan holder
from Japan Karate-Do Federation and the title of Hanshi. Soke Kuniaki Nobukawa had learned
Karate-Do under Master Hayashi Teruo of Hayashi-Ha and Master Tani Chojiro of Tani-Ha Shito-Ryu.
Later he reformed his organization and changed it to Japan Karate-Do Nobukawa-Ha Shito-Ryu Kai
which is officially recognized by Japan Karate-Do Federation. Renshi. Naresh Sharma represents
India branch of Nobukawa-ha Shito-Ryu Kai.[citation needed]
Characteristics[edit]
Shit-ry is a combination style, which attempts to unite the diverse roots of karate. On one hand, Shit-
ry has the physical strength and long powerful stances of Shuri-te derived styles, such asShorin-
ryandShotokan(); on the other hand, Shit-ry also has the circular and eight-directional
movements, breathing power, and hard and soft characteristics of Naha-te styles such asUechi-
ryandGj-ry(). Shit-ry is extremely fast, but still can be artistic and powerful. In addition,
Shit-ry formalizes and emphasizes the five rules of defense, developed byKenwa Mabuni, and known
as Uke no go gensoku (), Uke no go genri () orUke no go ho ():[14]
(rakka, "falling petals"). The art of blocking with such force and precision as to completely
destroy the opponent's attacking motion. Examples of rakka are the most well-known blocks, such
as gedan-barai() orsoto-uke ().
(rysui, "running water"). The art of flowing around the attacker's motion, and through it, soft
blocking. Examples are nagashi-uke () and osae-uke ().
(kusshin, "elasticity"). This is the art of bouncing back, storing energy while recoiling from the
opponent's attack, changing or lowering stance only to immediately unwind and counterattack.
Classic examples are stance transitions zenkutsu () tokkutsu () and moto-
dachi() to nekoashi-dachi().
(ten'i, "transposition"). Ten'iis the utilization of all eight directions of movement, most importantly
stepping away from the line of attack.
(hangeki, "counterattack"). A hangekidefense is an attack which at the same time deflects the
opponent's attack before it can reach the defender. Examples of this are various kinds of tsuki-
uke (), including yama-tsuki().
Modern Shit-ry styles also place a strong emphasis on sparring. Shit -ry stresses speed, and fighting
is generally initiated from a higher, more upright stance than Shotokan employs. On the other hand,
because the style has so many kata, a great deal of time is spent perfecting any one of its 40 to 60
forms.[3]
Opening ceremony (Reishiki)[edit]
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This section does notciteanyreferences or sources. Please help improve this
section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be
challenged andremoved.(July 2012)
Ritsu rei - Standing bow to Sensei
Seiza - Sensei sits (formal sitting position), the class sits in seiza facing shomen and prepares for class.
Head student (sempai) calls out:
Mokuso! This means "Close your eyes and Clear your mind!" After about a minute, the sempai student
calls out:
Kaimoku!This means: "Open your eyes!" or Mokuso Yame! This means Finish meditation
Zarei - Next the class performs three zarei or sitting bows. The head student calls out:
Shomen ni rei! This means "Bow to the front of the dojo." After the class finishes this bow, the Sensei will
turn around and face the class and the head student will call out:
Sensei ni rei! - This means "Bow to the Teacher!" As the class bows to the teacher, the teacher willreturn the bow. As each student bows, they recite "Onegaishimasu" which means "Please (teach me!)"
Otagai ni rei! - This means "Bow to each other!" Both the teacher and the students will bow to each other
at the same time. This is to acknowledge that we are all students of the art of Karate Do.
At this point the Sensei will indicate that the class should stand up and practice will begin.
Kata[edit]
These are all the katas of Shit-ry and an orientative grade for each of them:
Basic Katas
Junino Kata
Daichi Dosa
Daini Dosa
Daisan Dosa
Daiyon Dosa
Heien Nidan
Heian Shodan
Heian Sandan
Sanchin
Heien Yondan Myoju
Heian Godan
Aoyagi
Juroku
Naifanchi Shodan
Tensho
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1st Dan
Bassai dai
2nd Dan
Seienchin
Seisan
Matsukaze
3rd Dan
Seipai
4th Dan
Shiho Kosokun
Chintei
Soochin
Chinto
Sanseiru
Tomari no Wanshu
5th Dan
Annan
Shisoochin
Unsu
Kururunfa Tomari no Bassai
Paiku
6th Dan
Gojushiho
Heiku
Nipaipo
Haffa
Hakkaku
Papuren
Suparimpei
Chatanyara no Kusanku
Kunshi no Ken (The Noble Discipline)[edit]
Mabuni's motto "Kunshi no Ken" which means to concentrate on cultivating oneself to become a well-
rounded, respectful individual. The person who is able to accomplish this as well as to exercise good
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manners in all situations with self-discipline and respect, who is able to assume accountability for one's
actions, and to keep one's integrity as to set an example for others, is considered a Shito-ryu practitioner.
Heijutsu no Sanbyo[edit]
The three weaknesses or sicknesses of Martial Arts byKenwa Mabuni.
Hitotsu - Giryo (One - Doubt or Skepticism)
Hitotsu - Ketai (One - Negligence)
Hitotsu - Manshin (One - Egotism)
Techniques[edit]
List of techniques, used in Shit-ry style ofKarate. Blocks, kicks and strikes can
bejdan,chdanorgedanand related to migi(right) orhidari(left).
Dachi (stances)[15][edit]
Heisoku dachi: Toes & heels together, (closed foot stance), at "attention".
Musubi dachi: Heels together, & toes apart, (open foot stance) "knot" shape.
Heiko dachi: Feet apart, parallel (open, hip width).
Hachiji dachi: Feet apart, toes pointing OUT at 45 degrees (open, shoulder width).
Uchi-Hachiji dachi (Niafanchi Dachi): Feet apart, toes pointing IN at 45 degrees (open, shoulder
width).
Shiko dachi: Straddle leg, "Sumo" stance.
Moto dachi: Front knee partially bent, forward stance
(shorter than Zenkutsu dachi).
Zenkutsu dachi: Front knee bent, long forward stance.
Nekoashi dachi: "Cat foot" stance.
Sanchin dachi: Inward tension stance. ("Hour glass" stance.)
Kkutsu dachi: "Looking back" stance. ("Back stance".)
Renoji dachi: Stance resembling the letter "L".
'Tee'-ji dachi: Stance resembling the letter "T" upside down.
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Kosa dachi: "Hooked leg" stance.
Sagiashi dachi: "Heron foot" stance (one-legged).
Ukiashi dachi: Stance resembling Nekoashi dachi, but more upright in a loose floating leg stance.
Uke-waza (blocking techniques)[edit]
Gedan barai uke (Hari uke): Low-level, downward block / sweeping block.
Yoko uke (Soto uke): Block from inside (centre of body), towards outside.
Yoko uchi (Uchi uke): Block from outside, towards inside (centre of body).
Age uke: Rising, upper-level block.
Yoko Barai uke: Side, sweeping block.
Uchi Otoshi uke: Circular, inside drop (downward pushing) block.
Tsuki uke: Simultaneous punching (forearm) block.
Te Kubi Sasae uke: Augmented (supported) wrist block.
Sukui uke: Scoop block.
Shuto uke: "Knife-hand" block.
Kosa uke: "X" block (wrists crossed).
Hijisasae uke: Augmented (inside-middle) elbow block.
Osae uke: Pressing down block.
Kakewake uke: Reverse-wedge block.
Nagashi uke: Cross-body open-hand flowing/sweeping block.
Shiuko uke (Haishu Uke): Open-hand, back-hand block.
Shotei uke (Teisho): Palm-heel block.
Uchi-waza (striking techniques)[edit]
Seiken tsuki: Fore fist, straight punch (for basic practice).
Oi tsuki: Lunge punch.
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Gyaku tsuki: Reverse hand punch.
Furi tsuki: Circular/swinging (roundhouse) punch.
Age tsuki: Rising punch.
Kagi tsuki: Hook punch.
Mae Te tsuki: Lead-hand (forward hand) jab-punch.
Ura tsuki: Inverted (palm up), close punch.
Morote tsuki: U-shape punch.
Tate tsuki: Vertical fist punch.
Nihon tsuki: Double punch.
Shuto uchi: "Knife" (chopping) hand strike.
Ura uchi: Back fist punch.
Kentsui uchi: Bottom fist strike.
Shotei (Teisho) uchi: Palm-heel strike.
Haito uchi: Ridge-hand strike.
Haishu uchi: Open back-hand strike.
Hiji ate uchi: Elbow strike.
Koken uchi: Bent wrist-hand strike.
Keri-waza (kicking techniques)[edit]
Mae geri: Front (forward & return) kick.
Oi geri: Stepping (lunging forward) kick.
Yoko sokuto geri: Side (edge of foot) kick.
Mawashi geri: Roundhouse kick (to front).
Gyaku Mawashi geri: Reverse direction (inside) roundhouse kick.
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Ura Mawashi geri: Back leg, hook kick to front (heel/ball of foot).
Ushiro geri: Straight-back (backward) kick.
Ushiro Mawashi geri: Spinning, back-roundhouse kick to front.
Mae-ashi geri: Forward leg, front kick.
Fumikomi geri: Stamping/thrusting kick.
Hiza geri: Knee cap kick.
Ushiro geri: Spinning-back, roundhouse kick.
Gyaku geri: Reverse (inside) roundhouse kick.
Mae-tobi geri: Front (jumping/flying) kick.
Yoko-tobi geri: Side (jumping/flying) kick.