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Lp trnh chuyn nng cao

Chng II

Lp trnh GUI vi SwingBin son: ThS Nguyn Vn Lnh

30/03/14 Bi ging dnh cho sinh vin ngnh Cng ngh Thng Tin 2

Mc tiu

Hon thnh chng ny, sinh vin phi t c nhng im sau: Hiu cu trc v nm vng k nng lp trnh t chc

1 giao din ngi dng ha trong Java

Bit cch lp trnh ty bin cc i tng GUI trong th vin Swing

Hiu c ch x l s kin tng tc ngi dng vnm vng k nng lp trnh pht trin cc i tng x l s kin.

K nng t tm hiu v s dng cc GUI component c sn trong th vin


Ni dung

Gii thiu chung v AWT & Swing

Cu trc chung ca cc giao din GUI

Cc lp vt cha & trnh qun l layout

Cc thnh phn GUI c bn

C ch x l s kin tng tc ngi dng

Cc lp listener c bn & cch ty bin


I. Gii thiu chung v AWT & Swing

AWT: Abstract Windows

Toolkit

Th vin API cung cp cc i tng GUI

To lin kt giao din gia ng dng Java vOS

Heavy-weight component

Package java.awt



Swing: s m rng AWT To giao din nht qun c lp vi mi trng

(cross-platform GUI)

Light-weight component vi nhiu c im nng cp.

pluggable look and feel

C kh nng ty bin ti thi im runtime Khng s dng trn ln AWT v Swing GUI

component trn cng 1 giao din. Package javax.swing



Thit k theo tng m hnh MVC (Model-View- Controller) v m hnh thnh

phn (component model)

Tng tc gia ngi dng v giao din GUI iu khin bi controller

Standard Widget Toolkit (SWT) l sn phm cng ngh tng ng ca IBM tch hp trong Eclipse IDE



Cu trc giao din GUI : t chc cc i tng GUI trn 1 vt cha(container) qun l bi trnh qun l b tr (layout manager)



Cc thnh phn Swing k tha t lp c sJComponent


II. Cc lp vt cha

Giao din GUI c trnh by trn 1 vt cha c t chc phn cp Top level container: JFrame, JDialog, Japplet

Intermediate container :JPanel, JScrollPane, JTabbedPane

Container cp cao qun l gin tip cc container trung gian cho php t chc giao din theo chiu su Z-oderring


II. Cc lp vt cha

JFrame l 1 ca s c khung, c tiu v cc nt iu khin dng hin th giao din ng dng Java c lp

JDialog: Hp thoi c vin khung v tiu , phi c 1

frame hoc dialog lm owner, t ng thu nh hoc hin th theo owner

Modal hoc modeless

JApplet : to giao din GUI cho ng dng nhng


II. Cc lp vt cha

Cc lp container cp cao: Qun l cc i tng qua trung gian rootPane v

contentPane

S dng Content Pane l vt cha trc tip cc i tng GUI khc.

Cc container trung gian

S dng trnh qun l layout manager b tr vqun l cc i tng trn GUI khi c s thay i hoc di chuyn container


II. Trnh qun l layout

Mi vt cha s dng layout manager qun l v tr v kch thc cc thnh phn GUI b tr trn vt cha

5 lp layout manager thng dng: BorderLayout, BoxLayout, FlowLayout, GridBagLayout, and GridLayout.

Khi b tr 1 i tng GUI trn container phi ch loi layout ang s dng


II. Trnh qun l layout

Content-pane ca cc vt cha c mc nh s dng 1 loi layout JFrame, JDialog, JApplet: BorderLayout

JPanel: FlowLayout

Thit lp layout trn 1 container setLayout(LayoutManager l)

setLayout(null): t qun l layout: nh v tuyt i Implements LayoutManager qun l layout cho

cc giao din GUI ty .Container contentPane = getContentPane();

contentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());


BorderLayout

Container contentPane = getContentPane();

contentPane.add(new JButton("Button 1 (NORTH)"), BorderLayout.NORTH);

contentPane.add(new JButton("2 (CENTER)"), BorderLayout.CENTER);

contentPane.add(new JButton("Button 3 (WEST)"), BorderLayout.WEST);

contentPane.add(new JButton("Long-Named Button 4 (SOUTH)"),

BorderLayout.SOUTH);

contentPane.add(new JButton("Button 5 (EAST)"), BorderLayout.EAST);


BoxLayout

B tr top to bottom|left to right

Tn trng kch thc ti a vX/Y alignment.

JPanel buttonPane = new JPanel();

buttonPane.setLayout(new

BoxLayout(buttonPane, BoxLayout.X_AXIS));

buttonPane.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(0, 10, 10, 10));

buttonPane.add(Box.createHorizontalGlue());

buttonPane.add(cancelButton);

buttonPane.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(10, 0)));

buttonPane.add(setButton);

S dng Box.Filler(minSize, prefSize, maxSize)); in y khong cch gia cc i tng


Boxlayout BoxLayout ch cc yu cu minimum, preferred, and

maximum size ca cc component

comp.setMinimumSize(new Dimension(50, 25));

comp.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(50, 25));

comp.setMaximumSize(new Dimension(200,200));


FlowLayout

public FlowLayout()

public FlowLayout(int alignment)

public FlowLayout(int alignment,int horizontalGap, int verticalGap)

+ i s nhn gi tr FlowLayout.LEFT, FlowLayout.CENTER, or FlowLayout.RIGHT.

+ horizontalGap and verticalGap ch ra khong cch pixels gia cc component.


GridLayout

public GridLayout(int rows, int columns)

public GridLayout(int rows, int columns, int horizGap, int vertGap) phi c t nht colmn hoc rows khc 0


GridBagLayout

B tr component tri trn nhiu hng v ct vi kch thc khc nhau

Thit lp 1 mng li lin kt vi container v b trcc component trn 1 hoc nhiu


LayoutManager interface

public void layoutContainer(Container parent)

parent l container cn qun l

Hm setBounds() c gi cho mi component c a vo parent, v tr ca mi component nn c xc nh theo cng thc tng i so vi kch thc ca parent

L phng n qun l layout tt vi cc container cha t component


III. Cc thnh phn GUI c bn

JTextField

JLabel

JPasswordField

JTextArea

JComboBox

JButton

JCheckBox

JRadioButton

Hm dng, cc hm getXXX, gn Listener


III. Cc thnh phn GUI c bn

JComponent

JComponent l lp c s abstract ca tt c cc Swing components (c tn bt u ch J ngoi trtop-container)

K tha t Component v Container

ng gi hu ht cc c im v thao tc c bn ca 1 thnh phn GUI

Setting borders and boundering

Request focus and keystroke handling

Aligning, scrolling, resizing behaviour

Tooltip, listener, double buffering


JComponent methods


JComponent methods event handling


JComponent methods event handling


JComponent methods - painting


JComponent methods - Containment


JComponent methods - Layout


JComponent methods - Layout


JComponent methods - Absolute Size and Position


IV. Lp trnh x l s kin

Tng tc GUI user c biu din v x l trn c s m hnh y thc (delegation model) Event: s kin tng tc ( kch chut)

Event source: ni pht sinh s kin (button)

Event Listener: i tng c y quyn x l skin.

Khi mt s kin din ra, listener- l i tng c y thc x l - s triu gi 1 hm x l s kin tng ng

Cho php nhiu listener cng x l 1 s kin


IV.2 Cc loi s kin

Event cp thp Event AWTEvent

KeyEvent MouseEvent WindowEvent

Event cp cao: semantic event FocusEvent ActionEvent

public Object getSource() public String getActionCommand()


IV.3 Cc lp listener

Tng ng vi mi loi event, listener tng ng c ng k x l eventJButton b= new JButton(OK);b.addActionListener(new OKListener());

Cc lp Listener c pht trin theo cc khun mu interface nh ngha ActionListener

KeyListener

MouseListener

FocusListener

Ngi lp trnh vit m cho cc hm x l.


Tm tt

Cu trc v cch t chc giao din ng dng GUI

S dng cc lp layout manager

S dng v ty bin cc GUI component

Lp trnh x l s kin


Ti liu tham kho

Chng 7 Core Java -Vol I

Bi tp thc hnh Vit ng dng hin th dng ch Welcome to

Swing chnh gia ca s. B tr 2 button cui mn hnh nt Tng v Gim khi ngi s dng click vo th c ch hin th tng hoc gim tng ng.

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