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TEKNOLOGI DALAM PENGAJARAN
DAN PEMBELAJARAN
EDU 3105
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TEKNOLOGI
Disediakan Oleh
Kamaludin Ahmad
JTMK,
MPTI, JB
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Perbincangan
Teknologi & Teknologi Pendidikan
Rekabentuk Pengajaran ID
(instructional Design)
LMS Learning Management System
Sekolah Bestari
Integrasi TMK dalam P&P Teori
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Teknologi?
Dalam kes ini kita boleh melihatnya dari
dua sudut;
1. Teknologi sebagai benda dan
2. Teknologi sebagai proses sosial.
(Naughton J, 1986 - Technology in
Schools)
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Technology is the application of
knowledge, tools and skills to solve
practical problems and extend human
capabilities."Technology - Report of the Project
2061, Phase I Technology Panel" -
American Association for theAdvancement of Science, 1989.
Teknologi?
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Teknologi Pendidikan
Ia berperanan memberi penekananterhadap idea-idea pendidikan sebagairekaan teknologi, sebabnya ia menerima
perkaraan asas yang maju biasanyahasil dari interaksi 'merubah konsep'(mendahului ke cara-cara baru melihatsesuatu) dengan 'merubah teknik-teknik'
(mendahului cara-cara baru melakukansesuatu).
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Domain TP
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Rekabentuk Pengajaran
Definisi
Instructional Design as a Process
Instructional Design as a Discipline
Instructional Design as a Science
Instructional Design as Reality
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Instructional Design as a Process:
Instructional Design is the systematic development of
instructional specifications using learning and
instructional theory to ensure the quality ofinstruction. It is the entire process of analysis of
learning needs and goals and the development of a
delivery system to meet those needs. It includes
development of instructional materials and activities;
and tryout and evaluation of all instruction and learner
activities.
Rekabentuk Pengajaran
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Instructional Design as a Discipline
Instructional Design is that branch of knowledge
concerned with research and theory about
instructional strategies and the process fordeveloping and implementing those strategies.
Rekabentuk Pengajaran
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Instructional Design as a Science
Instructional design is the science of creating detailed
specifications for the development, implementation,
evaluation, and maintenance of situations thatfacilitate the learning of both large and small units of
subject matter at all levels of complexity.
Rekabentuk Pengajaran
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Instructional Design as Reality
Instructional design can start at any point in the
design process. Often a glimmer of an idea is
developed to give the core of an instruction situation.By the time the entire process is done the designer
looks back and she or he checks to see that all parts
of the "science" have been taken into account. Then
the entire process is written up as if it occurred in a
systematic fashion.
Rekabentuk Pengajaran
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Instructional System
An instructional system is an arrangement of
resources and procedures to promote learning.
Instructional design is the systematic process ofdeveloping instructional systems and instructional
development is the process of implementing the
system or plan.
Rekabentuk Pengajaran
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Instructional Technology
Instructional technology is the systemic and systematic
application of strategies and techniques derived from behavioral,
cognitive, and constructivist theories to the solution of
instructional problems.
Instructional technology is the systematic application of theory
and other organized knowledge to the task of instructional
design and development.
Instructional Technology = Instructional Design + Instructional
Development
Rekabentuk Pengajaran
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ASSURE
ADDIE
Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction
Rekabentuk Pengajaran
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ASSURE
A - Analyze Learners
S - State Objectives
S - Select Methods, Media and Materials
U - Utilize Media and Materials
R - Require Learner Participation
E - Evaluate and Revise
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ADDIE
A - Analysis phase
D Design phase
D Development phase I Implementation phase
E Evaluation phase
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Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction
Instructional Event Internal Mental Process
1. Gain attention Stimuli activates receptors2. Inform learners of objectives Creates level of expectation for learning3. Stimulate recall of prior learning Retrieval and activation of short-term memory4. Present the content Selective perception of content5. Provide "learning guidance" Semantic encoding for storage long-term memory6. Elicit performance (practice) Responds to questions to enhance encoding and verification7. Provide feedback Reinforcement and assessment of correct performance8. Assess performance Retrieval and reinforcement of content as final evaluation9. Enhance retention and transfer
to the job Retrieval and generalization of learned skill to new situation
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LMS Learning Management
System
Berasas kepada teknologi internet.
Berasas rekabentuk
Berasas teori pembelajaran
Berasas pembelajaran kendiri Mengandungi pelbagai alat (aktiviti) umum untuk
proses pembelajaran
Tugasan
Perbincangan Catatan jurnal
Ujian, kuiz
Dan pelbagai lagi.
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Dalam LMS guru/pensyarah perlu merekabentuk proses pembelajaran
Harus memahami bagaimana seseorang
individu belajar, Mengetahui bagaimana individu membina
kefahaman mereka
Berupaya mengurus bahan dan sumber yang
berkaitan. Dapat menggunakan alat/aktiviti pembelajaran
dengan berkesan.
LMS Learning Management
System
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Sekolah Bestari
satu daripada tujuh flagship application
Koridor Raya Multimedia
satu transformasi dalam sistem
pendidikan sedang berlaku melalui
perubahan sistemik dalam aspek
kurikulum, sistem penilaian, pengurusan,
pentadbiran dan latihan guru
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Pembelajaran bestari memberikan penekanan kepadaaspek berfikir melalui pembinaan dan peningkatanminda selaras dengan hala tuju pendidikan negara.Fokus pengajaran dan pembelajaran di SekolahBestari juga lebih berpusat kepada pelajar, terarah
kendiri, mengikut tahap keupayaan individu,berkesinambungan dan reflektif melalui kurikulumyang luwes dan terbuka. Usaha ini dapat dijayakandengan bantuan pelbagai media teknologi khususnyateknologi maklumat dan komunikasi yang terkini
dengan jaringan yang meliputi seluruh dunia. SekolahBestari turut memberikan penekanan kepadapendemokrasian pendidikan melalui layanan pelbagaikecerdasan dan gaya pembelajaran sesuai dengantahap keupayaan, kebolehan dan keperluan pelajar.
Sekolah Bestari
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Integrasi TMK dalam P&P
Integrasi?
Bila perlu
Bila tidak Bagaimana
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Curriculum integration with the use of technologyinvolves the infusion of technology as a tool to enhancethe learning in a content area or multidisciplinary setting.Technology enables students to learn in ways not
previously possible. Effective integration of technology isachieved when students are able to select technologytools to help them obtain information in a timely manner,analyze and synthesize the information, and present itprofessionally. The technology should become an
integral part of how the classroom functionsasaccessible as all other classroom tools.
Integrasi TMK dalam P&P
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Pendekatan?
PBL Project Based Learning PBL Problem Based Learning
Integrasi TMK dalam P&P
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Teori
Learning theory or Teaching theory?
Apa itu teori?
Adakah ia penting? Jika Ya! Apakah teori yang anda guna
pakai
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Bagaimana anda melihat sesuatu proses
pembelajaran!
Apakah elemen2 yang anda lihat?
Bagaimana anda mempastikan bahawa
pembelajaran itu telah berlaku?
Bagaiamana anda telah pasti bahawa
pelajar anda telah memahami apa yang
mereka pelajari?
Teori
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Apa yang dipelajari?
KonsepFaham
Secara relatifnya setiap perkara yang kita pelajari ialah ..?
Adakah anda jelas apa itu konsep ?
Kenapa anda faham sesuatu perkara ?