Download - Tortora 9e TB
Chapter1 TheMicrobialWorldandYou
ObjectiveQuestions
1) Whichofthefollowingpairsismismatched?
A) Ehrlichchemotherapy
B) Kochasepticsurgery
C) Pasteurproofofbiogenesis
D) Jennervaccination
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
2) Whichofthefollowingisascientificname?
A) IGAS
B) Flesh-eatingbacteria
C) GroupAstreptococcus
D) Streptococcuspyogenes
E) Streptococci
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
3) Whichofthefollowingisnotadomaininthethree-domainsystem?
A) Animalia
B) Archaea
C) Bacteria
D) Eukarya
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
4) Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutfungi?
A) Allareprokaryotic.
B) Allaremulticellular.
C) Allrequireorganicmaterialforgrowth.
D) Allgrowusingsunlightandcarbondioxide.
E) Allareplants.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
1
2TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
5) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutprotozoa?
A) Theyhaverigidcellwalls.
B) Theyareclassifiedbytheirmethodoflocomotion.
C) Allareunicellular.
D) Allhavecomplexcells.
E) Allareeukaryotic.
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
6) Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutviruses?
A) Theyarenotcomposedofcells.
B) Theycannotmetabolizenutrients.
C) Theycannotreproducethemselves.
D) TheyhaveDNAorRNA.
E) Alloftheabove.
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
7) Whichofthefollowingisprobablytrueaboutalltheexperimentsthatprovedspontaneous
generation?
A) Airwaslacking.
B) Toomuchheatwasapplied.
C) Thefoodsourcecouldnotsupportlife.
D) Microorganismswerealreadypresent.
E) Alloftheabove.
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
8) RegardingPasteursexperimentswiththeS-neckflask,whichofthefollowingstatementsis
true?
A) Therewasairinvolved.
B) Therewasafoodsourceinvolved.
C) Anypossibilityofcontaminationwasremoved.
D) Allmicroorganismswerekilledbeforebeginning.
E) Alloftheabove.
Answer: E
Skill:Understanding
CHAPTER1 TheMicrobialWorldandYou 3
9) Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutinsectcontrolbymicroorganisms?
A) Theinsectsdevelopresistancetothemicroorganisms.
B) Themicroorganismsarepermanentintheenvironment.
C) Themicroorganismsarespecificfortheinsectpest.
D) Themicroorganismsmaycausediseaseinotheranimals.
E) Thistechniqueisjustasdangerousastheuseofchemicalpesticides.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
10) Whichofthefollowingpairsismismatched?
A) Hookecelltheory
B) vanLeeuwenhoekgermtheory
C) Listerasepticsurgery
D) Pasteurfermentation
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
11) Whodisprovedthetheoryofspontaneousgeneration?
A) vanLeeuwenhoek
B) Hooke
C) Pasteur
D) Koch
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
12) Whoobservedcellsinplantmaterial?
A) vanLeeuwenhoek
B) Hooke
C) Pasteur
D) Koch
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
4TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
13) Whowasthefirsttoobservemicroorganismswithamicroscope?
A) vanLeeuwenhoek
B) Hooke
C) Pasteur
D) Koch
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
14) Whoprovedthatmicroorganismscausedisease?
A) vanLeeuwenhoek
B) Hooke
C) Pasteur
D) Koch
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
15) Whichofthefollowingisascientificname?
A) Mycobacteriumleprae
B) Hansensbacillus
C) Leprosybacterium
D) Acid-fastbacteria
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
16) Classificationoforganismsinthethreedomainsisbasedon
A) Cellwall.
B) Numberofcells.
C) Celltype.
D) Nutritionaltype.
E) Nucleus.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER1 TheMicrobialWorldandYou 5
17) Whichofthefollowingstatementsisuntrue?
A) Allbacterialacknuclearmembranes.
B) Allfungiaremulticellular.
C) Allprotozoaareunicellular.
D) Allvirusesareparasites.
E) Allfungihavenuclearmembranes.
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
18) Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A) Virusescannotreproduceoutsideofahostcell.
B) Bacteriacannotmove.
C) Fungiareplants.
D) Protozoahaverigidcellwalls.
E) Algaeareparasites.
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
19) WhichofthefollowingfindingswasessentialforJennersvaccinationprocess?
A) Aweakenedmicroorganismmayproduceimmunity.
B) Aweakenedmicroorganismwillnotcausedisease.
C) Someonewhorecoversfromadiseasewillnotacquirethatdiseaseagain.
D) Diseaseiscausedbyviruses.
E) Vaccinationprovidesimmunity.
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
20) WhichofthefollowingrequirementswasnecessaryforPasteurtodisprovespontaneous
generation?
A) Providingafoodsourcethatwouldsupportgrowth
B) Supplyingair
C) Keepingmicroorganismsout
D) Removingmicroorganismsthatwereinitiallypresent
E) Alloftheabove
Answer: E
Skill:Analysis
6TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
21) Whichofthefollowingpairsismismatched?
A) ImmunologiststudiesecologyofLegionellapneumophila
B) Virologiststudieshumanimmunodeficiencyvirus
C) Microbialecologiststudiesbacteriathatdegradeoil
D) Microbialphysiologist studiesfermentationofsourdoughbread
E) MolecularbiologiststudiesrecombinantDNA
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
22) Whichofthefollowingpairsismismatched?
A) Chemotherapytreatmentofdisease
B) Pathogendiseasecausing
C) Vaccine apreparationofmicroorganisms
D) Penicillinantibiotic
E) Normalmicrobiotaharmful
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
23) Whichofthefollowingisnotpartofthestudyofmicrobiology?
A) Bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Viruses
D) Insects
E) Helminths
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
24) Whichoneofthefollowingdoesnot belongwiththeothers?
A) Archaea
B) Bacteria
C) Eukarya
D) Fungi
Answer: D
Skill:Understanding
CHAPTER1 TheMicrobialWorldandYou 7
25) Whichofthefollowingisnotanexampleofbiotechnology?
A) BacterialproductionofFrenchbread
B) Bacterialdegradationofadeadanimal
C) Bacterialproductionofyogurt
D) Bacterialproductionofvinegar
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: E
Skill:Analysis
26) RecombinantDNAtechnologycanbeusedtomakeallofthefollowing except
A) Vaccines.
B) Humanhormones.
C) Drugs.
D) Life.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: D
Skill:Understanding
27) Thebestdefinitionofbiotechnologyis
A) ThedevelopmentofrecombinantDNAtechnology.
B) Theuseoflivingorganismstomakedesiredproducts.
C) Curingdiseases.
D) Theuseofmicroorganismsinsewagetreatment.
E) Alloftheabove.
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
28) Youareobservingacellthroughamicroscopeandnotethatithasnoapparentnucleus.You
concludethatitmostlikely
A) Hasapeptidoglycancellwall.
B) Hasacellulosecellwall.
C) Movesbypseudopods.
D) Ispartofamulticellularanimal.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
8TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
29) Anucleated,greencellthatmovesbymeansofflagellaisa(n)_____.
A) Alga
B) Bacterium
C) Fungus
D) Helminth
E) Virus
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
30) AnagentthatreproducesincellsbutisnotcomposedofcellsandcontainsRNAasitsgenetic
materialisa(n)_____.
A) Alga
B) Bacterium
C) Fungus
D) Helminth
E) Virus
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
31) Amulticellularorganismthathaschitincellwallsandabsorbsorganicmaterialisa(n)_____.
A) Alga
B) Bacterium
C) Fungus
D) Helminth
E) Virus
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
32) Amulticellularorganismthathasamouthandlivesinananimalhostisa(n)_____.
A) Alga
B) Bacterium
C) Fungus
D) Helminth
E) Virus
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER1 TheMicrobialWorldandYou 9
33) InthenameEscherichiacoli,coli isthe
A) Domain.
B) Kingdom.
C) Genus.
D) Specificepithet.
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
34) Whichofthefollowingpairsismismatched?
A) Lancefieldimmunology
B) Weizmannvirology
C) Jennerimmunology
D) JacobandMonodmicrobialgenetics
E) Winogradskymicrobialecology
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
35) Whichofthefollowingdoesnot belongwiththeothers?
A) Recyclingelements
B) Humandiseases
C) Sewagetreatment
D) Bioremediation
E) Insectcontrol
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
36) Youarelookingatawhitecottonygrowthonaculturemedium.Microscopicexamination
revealsitismulticellular.Youcanconcludeallofthefollowingaboutthisorganism exceptthat
it
A) Hascellwalls.
B) HasDNAenclosedinanucleus.
C) Iseukaryotic.
D) Isabacterium.
E) Absorbsorganicnutrients.
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
10TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
37) AllmembersofthefollowinggroupscontainDNAexcept
A) Bacteria.
B) Fungi.
C) Helminths.
D) Protozoa.
E) Viruses.
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
38) Whichoneofthefollowingdoesnot belongwiththeothers?
A) Cellulose
B) Chitin
C) Nucleus
D) Peptidoglycan
Answer: C
Skill:Understanding
39) Allofthefollowinghavecellwallsexcept
A) Animalia.
B) Bacteria.
C) Fungi.
D) Plantae.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
40) Whichofthefollowingdoesnot belongwiththeothers?
A) Animalia
B) Fungi
C) Helminth
D) Plantae
E) Protista
Answer: E
Skill:Understanding
CHAPTER1 TheMicrobialWorldandYou 11
41) Fungidifferfrombacteriabecausefungi
A) Havecellwalls.
B) HaveDNA.
C) Haveanucleus.
D) Spoilfood.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
42) Archaeadifferfrombacteriabecausearchaea
A) Lackpeptidoglycan.
B) Lacknuclei.
C) Useorganiccompoundsforfood.
D) Reproducebybinaryfission.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
43) Bacteriadifferfromvirusesbecausebacteria
A) HaveDNAandRNA.
B) Havecells.
C) Canlivewithoutahost.
D) Alloftheabove.
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
44) Whichofthefollowinglackanucleus?
A) Animalia
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Protozoa
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
12TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
45) Sourdoughbreaddiffersfromconventionalbreadduringleaveningbecause
A) Yeastsproducecarbondioxideandethylalcohol.
B) Yeastsproduceacid.
C) Lactobacillusproduceacids.
D) Acidsareaddedtoitduringrising.
E) Ofthetemperatureandhumidity.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
EssayQuestions
1) In1835Bassishowedthatasilkwormdiseasewascausedbyafungus,andin1865Pasteur
foundanothersilkwormdiseasewascausedbyaprotozoan.WhydoweuseKochspostulates
insteadofBassisorPasteurspostulates?
2) ListtwoexamplesofbiotechnologythatinvolverecombinantDNAtechnologyandtwo
examplesthatdonot.
3) PaulBergreceivedtheNobelPrizefordevelopingtheprocedureforincorporatingfragments
ofanimalDNAintobacteria.Listsomereasonswhyhisworkwasamajorcontributionto
science.
Chapter2 ChemicalPrinciples
ObjectiveQuestions
1) Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueabouttheatom
A) Ithas6protonsinitsnucleus.
B) Ithas12neutronsinitsnucleus.
C) Ithas6electronsorbitingthenucleus.
D) Itsatomicnumberis6.
E) Itsatomicweightis12.
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
12
C?
6
Table2.1
16
O
8
12
C
6
1
H
1
2) Calculatethemolecularweightofethylalcohol,C 2H5OH,usingtheinformationinTable2.1.
A) 96
B) 46
C) 34
D) 33
E) Canttell
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
3) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutenzymes?
A) Enzymesaremadeofproteins.
B) Enzymeslowertheactivationenergyofareaction.
C) Enzymesincreasethenumberofcollisionsinachemicalreaction.
D) Enzymesarenotusedupinareaction.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
13
14TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
4) Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?
A) Saltsreadilydissolveinwater.
B) Watermoleculesareformedbyhydrolysis.
C) Waterfreezesfromthetopdown.
D) Waterisapartofadehydrationreaction.
E) Waterisapolarmolecule.
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
5) WhichofthefollowingisthetypeofbondholdingK+ andI- ionsinKI?
A) Ionicbond
B) Covalentbond
C) Hydrogenbond
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
6) Whichofthefollowingisthetypeofbondbetweenmoleculesofwaterinabeakerofwater?
A) Ionicbond
B) Covalentbond
C) Hydrogenbond
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
7) WhatarethetypeofbondsholdinghydrogenandoxygenatomsinthemoleculeofH 2O?
A) Ionicbond
B) Covalentbond
C) Hydrogenbond
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER2 ChemicalPrinciples15
8) Identifythefollowingreaction:Glucose+ fructose sucrose+ water
A) Dehydrationsynthesisreaction
B) Hydrolysisreaction
C) Exchangereaction
D) Reversiblereaction
E) Ionicreaction
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
9) Identifythefollowingreaction:Lactose+ H2O glucose+ galactose
A) Dehydrationsynthesisreaction
B) Hydrolysisreaction
C) Exchangereaction
D) Reversiblereaction
E) Ionicreaction
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
10) Identifythefollowingreaction:HCl+ NaHCO3 NaCl+ H2CO3
A) Dehydrationsynthesisreaction
B) Hydrolysisreaction
C) Exchangereaction
D) Reversiblereaction
E) Ionicreaction
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
11) Identifythefollowingreaction:NH4OH NH3 + H2O
A) Dehydrationsynthesisreaction
B) Hydrolysisreaction
C) Exchangereaction
D) Reversiblereaction
E) Ionicreaction
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
16TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
12) Whichtypeofmoleculecontainsthealcoholglycerol?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Nucleicacids
D) Proteins
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
13) Whichtypeofmoleculeiscomposedof(CH 2O)units?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Nucleicacids
D) Proteins
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
14) Whichtypeofmoleculecontains-NH2 groups?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Nucleicacids
D) Proteins
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
15) Whichtypeofmoleculenevercontainsaphosphategroup?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Nucleicacids
D) Proteins
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER2 ChemicalPrinciples17
16) Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueabouttheatom
A) Ithas8protonsinitsnucleus.
B) Ithas8electronsinitsnucleus.
C) Ithas8neutronsinitsnucleus.
D) Itsatomicnumberis8.
E) Itsatomicweightis16.
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
16
O?
8
Table2.1
16
O
8
12
C
6
1
H
1
17) Calculatethenumberofmolesin92gramsofethylalcohol,C 2H5OH,usingtheinformationin
Table2.1.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) Canttell
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
18) Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnot true?
A) Enzymesaremadeofproteins.
B) Enzymesareusedupinachemicalreaction.
C) Enzymeslowertheactivationenergyrequiredforareaction.
D) Enzymesincreasetheprobabilityofareaction.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
18TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
19) Whichofthefollowingpairsismismatched?
A) NaOHNa ++OH- base
B) HFH+ +F - acid
C) MgSO 4Mg2++SO42-salt
D) KH2PO4K+ +H2 PO4-acid
E) H2SO42H + +SO42-acid
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
Table2.2
Refertothesereactionstoanswerthequestionbelow.
NaOHNa+ +OH- base
HFH+ +F- acid
MgSO 4 Mg 2+ +SO42-salt
KH2 PO4 K+ H2 PO4-acid
H2 SO4 2H+ +SO42-salt
20) WhichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthereactionsinTable2.2?
A) Theyareexchangereactions.
B) Theyareionizationreactions.
C) Theyoccurwhenthereactantsaredissolvedinwater.
D) Theyaredissociationreactions.
E) Theyarereversiblereactions.
Answer: A
Skill:Understanding
21) Whatisthetypeofbondbetweenthehydrogenofonemoleculeandthenitrogenofanother
molecule?
A) Ionicbond
B) Covalentbond
C) Hydrogenbond
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER2 ChemicalPrinciples19
22) Whatisthetypeofbondbetweencarbon,hydrogen,andoxygenatomsinorganicmolecules?
A) Ionicbond
B) Covalentbond
C) Hydrogenbond
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
23) Whattypeofbondisbetweenionsinsalt?
A) Ionicbond
B) Covalentbond
C) Hydrogenbond
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
24) Identifythefollowingreaction:H2O+ CO 2 H2CO 3
A) Dehydrationsynthesisreaction
B) Hydrolysisreaction
C) Exchangereaction
D) Reversiblereaction
E) Covalentreaction
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
25) Identifythefollowingreaction:Glycine+ lysine dipeptide+ H2O
A) Dehydrationsynthesisreaction
B) Hydrolysisreaction
C) Exchangereaction
D) Reversiblereaction
E) Covalentreaction
Answer: E
Skill:Analysis
20TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
26) Identifythefollowingreaction:Sucrose+ H2O glucose+ fructose
A) Dehydrationsynthesisreaction
B) Hydrolysisreaction
C) Exchangereaction
D) Reversiblereaction
E) Covalentreaction
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
27) Structurally,ATPismostlikethistypeofmolecule.
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Proteins
D) Nucleicacids
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
28) Whichmoleculehaschemicalsingenes?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Proteins
D) Nucleicacids
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
29) Whichmoleculeiscomposedofachainofaminoacids?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Proteins
D) Nucleicacids
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER2 ChemicalPrinciples21
30) Thesearetheprimarymoleculesmakingupplasmamembranesincells.
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Proteins
D) Nucleicacids
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
31) Theantimicrobialdrugimidazoleinhibitssterolsynthesis.Thiswouldmostlikelyinterfere
with
A) Bacterialcellwalls.
B) Fungalcellwalls.
C) Eukaryoticplasmamembranes.
D) Prokaryoticplasmamembranes.
E) Genes.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
Figure2.1
32) InFigure2.1,whichisanalcohol?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
22TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
33) InFigure2.1,whichisanester?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
34) InFigure2.1,whichisanorganicacid?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER2 ChemicalPrinciples23
Figure2.2
35) UseFigure2.2toanswerthefollowingquestion.Archaeadifferfrombacteriainthe
compositionofthecellmembranelipids.Archaeahaveether-bondedlipidsshownin__(1)__
Figure2.2andbacteriahaveester-bondedlipidsshownin__(2)__inFigure2.2.
A) 1-b;2-a
B) 1-b;2-c
C) 1-a;2-c
D) 1-c;2-d
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
24TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
Figure2.3
36) WhatkindofbondisatthearrowinFigure2.3?
A) Ionicbond
B) Hydrogenbond
C) Peptidebond
D) Doublecovalentbond
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER2 ChemicalPrinciples25
Figure2.4
37) WhatkindofbondisatthearrowinFigure2.4?
A) Ionicbond
B) Hydrogenbond
C) Peptidebond
D) Doublecovalentbond
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
38) AnE.coliculturethathasbeengrowingat37Cismovedto25C.Whichofthefollowing
changesmustbemadeinitsplasmamembrane?
A) Increasethenumberofphosphategroups.
B) Increasetheviscosity.
C) Increasethenumberofsaturatedchains.
D) Increasethenumberofunsaturatedchains.
E) Nochangesarenecessary.
Answer: D
Skill:Understanding
26TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
39) AssumeSaccharomycescerevisiae isgrowninanutrientmediumcontainingtheradioisotope
35S.After48hrincubation,the 35SwouldmostlikelybefoundintheS.cerevisiaes
A) Carbohydrates.
B) Nucleicacids.
C) Water.
D) Lipids.
E) Proteins.
Answer: E
Skill:Understanding
40) AssumeSaccharomycescerevisiae isgrowninanutrientmediumcontainingtheradioisotope
32P.After48hrincubation,the 32PwouldmostlikelybefoundintheS.cerevisiaes
A) Plasmamembrane.
B) Cellwall.
C) Water.
D) Proteins.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: A
Skill:Understanding
41) Starch,dextran,glycogen,andcellulosearepolymersof
A) Aminoacids.
B) Glucose.
C) Fattyacids.
D) Nucleicacids.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
42) Whichofthefollowingisabase?
A) C2H5OCOOHH+ +C 2H5OCOO-
B) C2H5OH
C) NaOHNa + +OH-
D) H2OH+ +OH-
E) Alloftheabove
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER2 ChemicalPrinciples27
43) Twoglucosemoleculesarecombinedtomakeamaltosemolecule.Thechemicalformulafor
maltoseis
A) C3H6O3
B) C6H12O6
C) C12H24O12
D) C12H22O11
E) C12H23O10
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
44) Desulfovibriobacteriacanperformthefollowingreaction:S 6- S2- Thesebacteriaare
A) Synthesizingsulfur.
B) Reducingsulfur.
C) Hydrolyzingsulfur.
D) Oxidizingsulfur.
Answer: D
Skill:Understanding
45) Oil-degradingbacteriaarenaturallypresentintheenvironmentbutcannotdegradeanoil
spillfastenoughtoavoidecologicaldamage.Theactionsofthesebacteriacanbespeededup
by
A) Providingoilforthem.
B) Providingsugarasacarbonsource.
C) Providingnitrogenandphosphorus.
D) Addingwater.
E) Alloftheabove.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
EssayQuestions
1) Describehowthepropertiesofphospholipidsmakethesemoleculeswell-suitedforplasma
membranes.
28TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
Figure2.5
2) UseFigure2.5toanswerthefollowingquestion.Starch,cellulose,dextran,andglycogenare
polysaccharides.Howaretheysimilar?Towhataretheirdifferentpropertiesdue?Whycant
anenzymethathydrolyzesstarchdegradecellulose?
Chapter3 ObservingMicroorganisms
ThroughaMicroscope
ObjectiveQuestions
1) Whichofthefollowingisnotequalto1m?
A) 106m
B) 109nm
C) 10dm
D) 100mm
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
2) Whatstructuredoeslightpassthroughafterleavingthecondenserinacompoundlight
microscope?
A) Ocularlens
B) Objectivelens
C) Specimen
D) Illuminator
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
3) Whichofthefollowingpairsismismatched?
A) Gram-negativebacteria negativestain
B) Iodinemordant
C) Alcoholacetone-decolorizer
D) Acid-alcoholdecolorizer
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
29
30TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
4) PlacethestepsoftheGramstaininthecorrectorder:
1-Alcohol-acetone;2-Crystalviolet;3-Safranin;4-Iodine.
A) 1-2-3-4
B) 2-1-4-3
C) 2-4-1-3
D) 4-3-2-1
E) 1-3-2-4
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
5) Whichofthefollowingpairsismismatched?
A) Alcohol-acetonedecolorizer
B) Crystalvioletbasicdye
C) Safraninaciddye
D) Iodinemordant
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
6) Thecounterstainintheacid-faststainis
A) Abasicdye.
B) Anaciddye.
C) Anegativestain.
D) Amordant.
E) Necessarytodetermineacid-fastcells.
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
7) ThepurposeofamordantintheGramstainis
A) Toremovethesimplestain.
B) Tomakethebacterialcellslarger.
C) Tomaketheflagellavisible.
D) Topreventthecrystalvioletfromleavingthecells.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER3 ObservingMicroorganismsThroughaMicroscope 31
8) Placethefollowingstepsinthecorrectsequence:
1-Staining;2-Makingasmear;3-Fixing.
A) 1-2-3
B) 3-2-1
C) 2-3-1
D) 1-3-2
E) Theorderdoesntmatter
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
9) Thebestuseofanegativestainis
A) Todeterminecellsize.
B) Todeterminecellshape.
C) TodetermineGramreaction.
D) Toseeendospores.
E) AandB
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
10) Simplestainingisoftennecessarytoimprovecontrastinthismicroscope.
A) Compoundlightmicroscope
B) Phase-contrastmicroscope
C) Darkfieldmicroscope
D) Fluorescencemicroscope
E) Electronmicroscope
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
11) Thismicroscopeisusedtoseeinternalstructuresofcellsinanaturalstate.
A) Compoundlightmicroscope
B) Phase-contrastmicroscope
C) Darkfieldmicroscope
D) Fluorescencemicroscope
E) Electronmicroscope
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
32TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
12) Whichofthefollowingmicroscopesusesvisiblelight?
A) Confocalmicroscope
B) DIC
C) Fluorescencemicroscope
D) Scanningacousticmicroscope
E) Scanningelectronmicroscope
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
13) Thismicroscopeachievesthehighestmagnificationandgreatestresolution.
A) Compoundlightmicroscope
B) Phase-contrastmicroscope
C) Darkfieldmicroscope
D) Fluorescencemicroscope
E) Electronmicroscope
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
14) Inthismicroscope,theobserverdoesnotlookatanimagethroughalens.
A) Compoundlightmicroscope
B) Phase-contrastmicroscope
C) Darkfieldmicroscope
D) Fluorescencemicroscope
E) Electronmicroscope
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
15) Thismicroscopeproducesanimageofalightcellagainstadarkbackground;internal
structuresarenotvisible.
A) Compoundlightmicroscope
B) Phase-contrastmicroscope
C) Darkfieldmicroscope
D) Fluorescencemicroscope
E) Electronmicroscope
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER3 ObservingMicroorganismsThroughaMicroscope 33
16) Whichofthefollowingisnotcorrect?
A) 1m=10-6m
B) 1nm=10-9m
C) 1m=103nm
D) 1m=10-3mm
E) 1nm=10-6m
Answer: E
Skill:Analysis
17) ThecounterstainintheGramstainis
A) Anegativestain.
B) Amordant.
C) Abasicdye.
D) Anaciddye.
E) NecessarytodeterminetheGramreaction.
Answer: C
Skill:Understanding
34TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
Figure3.1
18) InFigure3.1lineApointstothemicroscopes
A) illuminator.
B) condenser.
C) ocularlens.
D) objectivelens.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
19) InFigure3.1lineBpointstothemicroscopes
A) illuminator.
B) condenser.
C) ocularlens.
D) objectivelens.
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
20) InFigure3.1lineCpointstothemicroscopes
A) illuminator.
B) condenser.
C) ocularlens.
D) objectivelens.
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER3 ObservingMicroorganismsThroughaMicroscope 35
21) Thelightthathitsthespecimenisscatteredanddoesnotcomedirectlyfromthelightsourcein
thismicroscope.
A) Compoundlightmicroscope
B) Phase-contrastmicroscope
C) Darkfieldmicroscope
D) Fluorescencemicroscope
E) Electronmicroscope
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
22) Thismicroscopeisusedtoobserveaspecimenthatemitslightwhenilluminatedwithan
ultravioletlight.
A) Compoundlightmicroscope
B) Phase-contrastmicroscope
C) Darkfieldmicroscope
D) Fluorescencemicroscope
E) Electronmicroscope
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
23) Thismicroscopedoesnotusealight.
A) Compoundlightmicroscope
B) Phase-contrastmicroscope
C) Darkfieldmicroscope
D) Fluorescencemicroscope
E) Electronmicroscope
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
24) Thismicroscopetakesadvantageofdifferencesintherefractiveindexesofcellstructures.
A) Compoundlightmicroscope
B) Phase-contrastmicroscope
C) Darkfieldmicroscope
D) Fluorescencemicroscope
E) Electronmicroscope
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
36TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
25) Theappearanceofgram-positivebacteriaafteradditionofthefirstdyeintheGramstain.
A) Purple
B) Red
C) Colorless
D) Brown
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
26) Theappearanceofgram-negativebacteriaafteradditionofthemordantintheGramstain.
A) Purple
B) Red
C) Colorless
D) Brown
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
27) Theappearanceofgram-negativebacteriaafteradditionofthedecolorizingagentintheGram
stain.
A) Purple
B) Red
C) Colorless
D) Brown
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
28) Theappearanceofgram-positivebacteriaafteraddingthecounterstainintheGramstain.
A) Purple
B) Red
C) Colorless
D) Brown
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER3 ObservingMicroorganismsThroughaMicroscope 37
29) Theappearanceofgram-negativebacteriaaftercompletingtheGramstain.
A) Purple
B) Red
C) Colorless
D) Brown
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
30) Whichofthefollowingpairsismismatched?
A) Confocalmicroscopeproducesathree-dimensionalimage
B) Darkfieldmicroscopeusesvisiblelight
C) Fluorescencemicroscope usesafluorescentlight
D) Scanningelectronmicroscope producesathree-dimensionalimage
E) Scanningtunnelingmicroscope allowsvisualizationofatoms
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
31) Whatisthetotalmagnificationofachloroplastviewedwitha10 ocularlensanda45
objectivelens?
A) 10
B) 45
C) 100
D) 450
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
32) Yoususpecta100nmstructureispresentinacell.Whichofthefollowingprovidesthelowest
magnificationthatyoucanusetoseethisstructure?
A) Brightfieldmicroscope
B) Darkfieldmicroscope
C) Transmissionelectronmicroscope
D) Phase-contrastmicroscope
E) Scanningelectronmicroscope
Answer: E
Skill:Analysis
38TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
33) Thismicroscopeusestwobeamsoflighttoproduceathree-dimensional,colorimage.
A) Fluorescencemicroscope
B) Phase-contrastmicroscope
C) Darkfieldmicroscope
D) DICmicroscope
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
34) Thismicroscopeisusedtoseeintracellulardetail.
A) Fluorescencemicroscope
B) Phase-contrastmicroscope
C) Darkfieldmicroscope
D) DICmicroscope
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
35) Imagelookslikeanegativestaininthismicroscope:
A) Fluorescencemicroscope
B) Phase-contrastmicroscope
C) Darkfieldmicroscope
D) DICmicroscope
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
36) Thismicroscopeisusedtoseedetailofa300nmvirus.
A) Fluorescencemicroscope
B) Phase-contrastmicroscope
C) Darkfieldmicroscope
D) DICmicroscope
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER3 ObservingMicroorganismsThroughaMicroscope 39
37) AssumeyoustainBacillusbyapplyingmalachitegreenwithheatandthencounterstaining
withsafranin.Throughthemicroscope,thegreenstructuresare
A) Cellwalls.
B) Capsules.
C) Endospores.
D) Flagella.
E) Canttell.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
38) CellsaredifferentiatedafterwhichstepintheGramstain?
A) Safranin
B) Alcohol-acetone
C) Iodine
D) Crystalviolet
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
39) YoufindcolorlessareasincellsinaGram-stainedsmear.Whatshouldyoudonext?
A) Anacid-faststain
B) Aflagellastain
C) Acapsulestain
D) Anendosporestain
E) Asimplestain
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
40) WhatGramreactiondoyouexpectfromacid-fastbacteria?
A) Gram-positive
B) Gram-negative
C) Bothgram-positiveandgram-negative
D) Canttell
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
40TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
41) Bacterialsmearsarefixedbeforestainingto
A) Killthebacteria.
B) Affixthecellstotheslide.
C) Maketheirwallspermeable.
D) AandB.
E) Alloftheabove.
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
42) Theresolutionofamicroscopecanbeimprovedbychangingthe
A) Condenser.
B) Fineadjustment.
C) Wavelengthoflight.
D) Diaphragm.
E) Coarseadjustment.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
43) VanLeeuwenhoeksmicroscopewasa(n)
A) Electronmicroscope.
B) Phase-contrastmicroscope.
C) Simplemicroscope.
D) Confocalmicroscope.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
44) Thepurposeoftheocularlensisto
A) Improveresolution.
B) Magnifytheimagefromtheobjectivelens.
C) Decreasetherefractiveindex.
D) Increasethelight.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER3 ObservingMicroorganismsThroughaMicroscope 41
45) Thesignalmoleculeproducedinquorumsensingis
A) Counterstain.
B) Inducer.
C) Light.
D) Simplestain.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
EssayQuestions
1) In1877,RobertKochthoughtpreparingpermanentlystainedslideswouldbevaluable.Why
washisassessmentcorrect?
2) In1884,HansChristianGramdescribedamethodofstainingbacterialcellswhilenotstaining
surroundinganimaltissues.However,hethoughtthatthestainingmethodhedevelopedwas
faultybecauseallbacteriadidnotstain.InalettertotheeditorofthejournalinwhichGram
publishedhisfindings,writeyourresponsetoGramsconcern.
Chapter4 FunctionalAnatomyofProkaryotic
andEukaryoticCells
ObjectiveQuestions
1) Whichofthefollowingisnotadistinguishingcharacteristicofprokaryoticcells?
A) TheirDNAisnotenclosedwithinamembrane.
B) Theylackmembrane-enclosedorganelles.
C) Theyhavecellwallscontainingpeptidoglycan.
D) TheirDNAisnotassociatedwithhistones.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
2) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutagram-positivecellwall?
A) Itmaintainstheshapeofthecell.
B) Itissensitivetolysozyme.
C) Itprotectsthecellinahypertonicenvironment.
D) Itcontainsteichoicacids.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
3) Whichofthefollowingbestdescribeswhathappenswhenabacterialcellisplacedina
solutioncontaining5%NaCl?
A) Sucrosewillmoveintothecellfromahighertoalowerconcentration.
B) Thecellwillundergoosmoticlysis.
C) Waterwillmoveoutofthecell.
D) Waterwillmoveintothecell.
E) Nochangewillresult;thesolutionisisotonic.
Answer: C
Skill:Understanding
42
CHAPTER4FunctionalAnatomyofProkaryoticandEukaryoticCells 43
4) Thebestdefinitionofosmoticpressureis
A) Themovementofsolutemoleculesfromahighertoalowerconcentration.
B) Theforcewithwhichasolventmovesacrossasemi-permeablemembranefromahigher
toalowerconcentration.
C) Themovementofasubstanceacrossasemi-permeablemembranefromahighertoa
lowerconcentration.
D) Theactivetransportofasubstanceoutofacelltomaintainequilibrium.
E) Themovementofsolutemoleculesfromalowertoahigherconcentrationacrossa
semi-permeablemembrane.
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
5) Bywhichofthefollowingmechanismscanacelltransportasubstancefromalowertoa
higherconcentration?
A) Simplediffusion
B) Facilitateddiffusion
C) Activetransport
D) Extracellularenzymes
E) Anyoftheabove
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
6) Whichofthefollowingisnotacharacteristicoftheplasmamembrane?
A) Maintainscellshape
B) Composedofaphospholipidbilayer
C) Containsproteins
D) Thesiteofcellwallformation
E) Selectivelypermeable
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
44TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
7) Allofthefollowingarelackingacellwallexcept
A) Protoplasts.
B) Fungi.
C) Lforms.
D) Mycoplasmas.
E) Animalcells.
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
8) Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A) Endosporesareforreproduction.
B) Endosporesallowacelltosurviveenvironmentalchanges.
C) EndosporesareeasilystainedinaGramstain.
D) Acellproducesoneendosporeandkeepsgrowing.
E) Acellcanproducemanyendospores.
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
9) Whichofthefollowingpairsismismatched?
A) Endoplasmicreticulum internaltransport
B) Golgicomplexsecretion
C) MitochondriaATPproduction
D) Centrosomefoodstorage
E) Lysosomedigestiveenzymes
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
10) Whichofthefollowingorganellesmostcloselyresemblesaprokaryoticcell?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Golgicomplex
D) Vacuole
E) Cellwall
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER4FunctionalAnatomyofProkaryoticandEukaryoticCells 45
Figure4.1
11) InFigure4.1,whichdrawingisatetrad?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
12) InFigure4.1,whichdrawingpossessesanaxialfilament?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
13) InFigure4.1,whichdrawingisstreptococci?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
46TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
14) InFigure4.1,whichdrawingisbacilli?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
15) Whichofthefollowingisgenerallynottrueofprokaryoticcells?
A) Theyhaveasemirigidcellwall.
B) Theyaremotilebymeansofflagella.
C) Theypossess80Sribosomes.
D) Theyreproducebybinaryfission.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
16) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutgram-negativecellwalls?
A) Theyprotectthecellinahypotonicenvironment.
B) Theyhaveanextraouterlayercomposedoflipoproteins,lipopolysaccharides,and
phospholipids.
C) Theyaretoxictohumans.
D) Theyaresensitivetopenicillin.
E) TheirGramreactionisduetotheoutermembrane.
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
17) Whichofthefollowingisnotastructurefoundinprokaryoticcells?
A) Flagella
B) Axialfilament
C) Cilia
D) Pili
E) Peritrichousflagella
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER4FunctionalAnatomyofProkaryoticandEukaryoticCells 47
18) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueabouttheglycocalyx?
A) Itmaybecomposedofpolysaccharide.
B) Itmaybecomposedofpolypeptide.
C) Itmayberesponsibleforvirulence.
D) Itisusedtoadheretosurfaces.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: E
Skill:Analysis
19) Whichofthefollowingisnotachemicalcomponentofabacterialcellwall?
A) Cellulose
B) Peptidoglycan
C) Teichoicacids
D) Peptidechains
E) N-acetylmuramicacid
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
20) Whichofthefollowingisnotpartoftheactivetransportprocess?
A) Plasmamembrane
B) Transporterproteins
C) ATP
D) Cellwall
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
48TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
Figure4.2
21) WhichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesthecellinFigure4.2?
A) Peritrichousflagella
B) Amphitrichousflagella
C) Lophotrichousflagella
D) Monotrichousflagella
E) Axialfilament
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
22) Inbacteria,photosyntheticpigmentsarefoundin
A) Chloroplasts.
B) Cytoplasm.
C) Chromatophores.
D) Mesosomes.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
23) Thedifferencebetweensimplediffusionandfacilitateddiffusionisthatfacilitateddiffusion
A) Canmovematerialsfromahighertoalowerconcentration.
B) Canmovematerialsfromalowertoahigherconcentration.
C) RequiresATP.
D) Requirestransporterproteins.
E) DoesntrequireATP.
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER4FunctionalAnatomyofProkaryoticandEukaryoticCells 49
24) Possiblefunctionsofmagnetosomesincludeallofthefollowingexcept
A) GetcellstotheNorthPole.
B) Protectcellsfromhydrogenperoxideaccumulation.
C) Composedofironoxide.
D) Locatesuitableenvironments.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
25) Whichofthefollowingcellstructureshasaroleintheinitiationofdisease?
A) Gram-positivecellwall
B) LipidA
C) Cellmembrane
D) Fimbriae
E) Alloftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
26) Fimbriaeandpilidifferinthatpili
A) Arecomposedofpilin.
B) Arecomposedofflagellin.
C) AreusedtotransferDNA.
D) Areusedforasexualreproduction.
E) Areusedforattachment.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
50TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
Figure4.3
27) InFigure4.3,whichdiagramofacellwallisagram-negativecellwall?
A) a
B) b
C) Bothaandb
D) Neitheranorb
E) Canttell
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
28) InFigure4.3,whichdiagramofacellwallisatoxiccellwall?
A) a
B) b
C) Bothaandb
D) Neitheranorb
E) Canttell
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
29) InFigure4.3,whichdiagramofacellwallhasawallthatprotectsagainstosmoticlysis?
A) a
B) b
C) Bothaandb
D) Neitheranorb
E) Canttell
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER4FunctionalAnatomyofProkaryoticandEukaryoticCells 51
30) InFigure4.3,whichdiagramofacellwallisdecolorizedbyacetone -alcohol?
A) a
B) b
C) Bothaandb
D) Neitheranorb
E) Canttell
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
31) InFigure4.3,whichdiagramofacellwallisresistanttomanyantibiotics(e.g.,penicillin)?
A) a
B) b
C) Bothaandb
D) Neitheranorb
E) Canttell
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
32) InFigure4.3,whichdiagramofacellwallcontainsteichoicacids?
A) a
B) b
C) Bothaandb
D) Neitheranorb
E) Canttell
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
33) InFigure4.3,whichdiagramofacellwallcontainsporins?
A) a
B) b
C) Bothaandb
D) Neitheranorb
E) Canttell
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
52TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
34) Wherearephospholipidsmostlikelyfoundinaprokaryoticcell?
A) Flagella
B) Aroundorganelles
C) Plasmamembrane
D) Ribosomes
E) BandC
Answer: C
Skill:Understanding
35) Wherearephospholipidsmostlikelyfoundinaeukaryoticcell?
A) Flagella
B) Aroundorganelles
C) Plasmamembrane
D) Ribosomes
E) BandC
Answer: E
Skill:Understanding
36) Allofthefollowingcanbefoundinmitochondriaandprokaryotesexcept
A) Circularchromosome.
B) 70Sribosomes.
C) Cellwall.
D) Binaryfission.
E) ATP-generatingmechanism.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
37) Foundinarchaea.
A) Pseudomurein
B) Sterol-richcellmembranes
C) Peptidoglycan
D) Nucleus
E) AandC
Answer: A
Skill:Understanding
CHAPTER4FunctionalAnatomyofProkaryoticandEukaryoticCells 53
38) Foundinmycoplasmas.
A) Pseudomurein
B) Sterol-richcellmembranes
C) Peptidoglycan
D) Nucleus
E) AandC
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
39) Youhaveisolatedamotile,gram-positivecellwithnovisiblenucleus.Youcansafelyassume
thatthecell
A) Has9pairs+2flagella.
B) Hasamitochondrion.
C) Hasacellwall.
D) Livesinanextremeenvironment.
E) Hasanucleus.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
40) Whatwillhappenifabacterialcellisplacedindistilledwaterwithlysozyme?
A) Thecellwillplasmolyze.
B) Thecellwillundergoosmoticlysis.
C) Waterwillleavethecell.
D) Lysozymewilldiffuseintothecell.
E) Nochangewillresult;thesolutionisisotonic.
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
41) Whatwillhappenifabacterialcellisplacedin10%NaClwithpenicillin?
A) Thecellwillplasmolyze.
B) Thecellwillundergoosmoticlysis.
C) Waterwillenterthecell.
D) Penicillinwilldiffuseintothecell.
E) Nochangewillresult;thesolutionisisotonic.
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
54TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
42) Whichoneofthefollowingpairsisnot correctlymatched?
A) Metachromaticgranules phosphatestorage
B) Lipidinclusionsenergyreserve
C) Ribosomesproteinstorage
D) Sulfurgranulesenergyreserve
E) Gasvacuolesflotation
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
43) Allofthefollowingareenergyreservesexcept
A) Carboxysomes.
B) Polysaccharidegranules.
C) Lipidinclusions.
D) Sulfurgranules.
E) Metachromaticgranules.
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
44) Whichoneofthefollowingisnot afunctionallyanalogouspair?
A) Nucleusnuclearregion
B) Mitochondriaprocaryoticplasmamembrane
C) Chloroplaststhylakoids
D) Ciliapili
E) 9+2flagellabacterialflagella
Answer: D
Skill:Understanding
45) Thebacteriaontheoutsideoftermiteprotozoa
A) Digestcellulose.
B) Steertheprotozoantofood.
C) Aretransientmicrobiota.
D) Propeltheprotozoan.
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER4FunctionalAnatomyofProkaryoticandEukaryoticCells 55
EssayQuestions
1) Whatistheimportanceofaphospholipidbilayertolivingcells?Whereisitinprokaryotic
cells?
2) Provideevidencetosubstantiatethehypothesisthateukaryoticcellsevolvedfromprokaryotic
cells.
3) Compareandcontrastgram-positiveandgram-negativecellwallswithregardto(a)
sensitivitytoantimicrobialagents,(b)resistancetophagocytosis,(c)chemicalcomposition,
and(d)decolorizationbyalcohol.
4) GroupA,hemolyticstreptococci(theflesh-eatingbacteria)rapidlyspreadsthroughthe
humanbodybydigestingthehyaluronicacidbetweencells.Labeltheplasmamembrane
shownbelowtoillustratedigestionofthepolysaccharide,hyaluronicacid.
Addtheselabelstothediagramintheappropriateplaces:
hyaluronicacid(apolysaccharide);GluUA-GlcNAc(adisaccharide);
glucose(amonosaccharide);hyaluronidase(anexoenzyme);
hyaluronicacidtransporterprotein.
Chapter5 MicrobialMetabolism
ObjectiveQuestions
1) Whichofthefollowingcompoundsisnot anenzyme?
A) Dehydrogenase
B) Cellulase
C) CoenzymeA
D) -galactosidase
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
Figure5.1
2) WhichcompoundisbeingreducedinthereactioninFigure5.1?
A) Isocitricacidand-ketoglutaricacid
B) -ketoglutaricacidandNAD+
C) NAD+
D) NADH
E) NADHandisocitricacid
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
56
CHAPTER5 MicrobialMetabolism57
3) Whichorganismisnotcorrectlymatchedtoitsenergysource?
A) Photoheterotrophlight
B) PhotoautotrophCO2
C) ChemoautotrophFe2+
D) Chemoheterotrophglucose
E) ChemoautotrophNH3
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
4) HowmanymoleculesofATPcanbegeneratedfromthecompleteoxidationofglucosetoCO 2
andH2O?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 34
D) 38
E) 76
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
5) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutanaerobicrespiration?
A) Itinvolvesglycolysisonly.
B) ItinvolvestheKrebscycle.
C) Itinvolvesthereductionofnitrate.
D) ItgeneratesATP.
E) Itrequirescytochromes.
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
58TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
Figure5.2
6) WhattypeofreactionisinFigure5.2?
A) Decarboxylation
B) Transamination
C) Dehydrogenation
D) Oxidation
E) Reduction
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
7) Whatisthefateofpyruvicacidinanorganismthatusesaerobicrespiration?
A) Itisreducedtolacticacid.
B) ItisoxidizedintheKrebscycle.
C) Itisoxidizedintheelectrontransportchain.
D) Itiscatabolizedinglycolysis.
E) ItisreducedintheKrebscycle.
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
CHAPTER5 MicrobialMetabolism59
Figure5.3
8) Howwouldanoncompetitiveinhibitorinterferewithareactioninvolvingtheenzymein
Figure5.3?
A) Itwouldbindtoa.
B) Itwouldbindtob.
C) Itwouldbindtoc.
D) Itwouldbindtod.
E) Canttell.
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
Figure5.4
9) HowisATPgeneratedinthereactioninFigure5.4?
A) Glycolysis
B) Fermentation
C) Photophosphorylation
D) Oxidativephosphorylation
E) Substrate-levelphosphorylation
Answer: E
Skill:Analysis
60TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
10) Fattyacidsarecatabolizedin
A) TheKrebscycle.
B) Theelectrontransportchain.
C) Glycolysis.
D) Thepentosephosphatepathway.
E) TheEntnerDoudoroffpathway.
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
Figure5.5
11) WhichofthegraphsinFigure5.5bestillustratestheactivityofanenzymethatissaturated
withsubstrate?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
12) Accordingtothechemiosmoticmechanism,ATPisgeneratedwhen
A) Electronsaretransferredbetweencarriermolecules.
B) Ahigh-energyphosphategroupistransferredfromanintermediatemetabolitetoADP.
C) Chlorophyllliberatesanelectron.
D) Protonsaremovedacrossamembrane.
E) Cellslyseinahypotonicenvironment.
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER5 MicrobialMetabolism61
13) Whichofthefollowingisthebestdefinitionofoxidativephosphorylation?
A) ElectronsarepassedthroughaseriesofcarrierstoO2.
B) TheenergyreleasedascarriermoleculesareoxidizedisusedtogenerateATP.
C) TheenergyreleasedinthereductionofcarriermoleculesisusedtogenerateATP.
D) Thetransferofahigh-energyphosphategrouptoADP.
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
14) Allthefollowingaretrueaboutsubstrate-levelphosphorylationexcept
A) Itinvolvesthedirecttransferofahigh-energyphosphategroupfromanintermediate
metaboliccompoundtoADP.
B) Nofinalelectronacceptorisrequired.
C) Itoccursinglycolysis.
D) Theoxidationofintermediatemetaboliccompoundsreleasesenergythatisusedto
generateATP.
E) Alloftheabovearetrue.
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
15) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutphotophosphorylation?
A) Lightliberatesanelectronfromchlorophyll.
B) Theoxidationofcarriermoleculesreleasesenergy.
C) EnergyfromoxidationreactionsisusedtogenerateATPfromADP.
D) ItrequiresCO2.
E) Itoccursinphotosynthesizingcells.
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
16) Whichofthefollowingisnotanend-productoffermentation?
A) Lacticacid
B) Ethylalcohol
C) Glycerol
D) Pyruvicacid
E) Acetone
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
62TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
17) Astrictlyfermentativebacteriumproducesenergy
A) Byglycolysisonly.
B) Byaerobicrespirationonly.
C) Byfermentationoraerobicrespiration.
D) Onlyintheabsenceofoxygen.
E) Onlyinthepresenceofoxygen.
Answer: A
Skill:Understanding
18) Theadvantageofthepentosephosphatepathwayisthatitproducesallofthefollowing except
A) Precursorsfornucleicacids.
B) Precursorsforthesynthesisofglucose.
C) ThreeATPs.
D) NADPH.
E) Precursorsforthesynthesisofaminoacids.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
19) WhatpercentofthetotalATPproducedfromthecompletecatabolismofglucoseisproduced
byaerobicrespiration?
A) 5%
B) 11%
C) 50%
D) 89%
E) 95%
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
20) Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutbetaoxidation?
A) Itisamethodofcatabolizingfattyacids.
B) Itinvolvestheformationof2-carbonunits.
C) Itinvolvestheformationofacetyl-CoA.
D) Itisastepinglycolysis.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER5 MicrobialMetabolism63
21) Innoncyclicphotophosphorylation,O2 isproducedfrom
A) CO 2
B) H2 O
C) C6 H12O6
D) Sunlight
E) Chlorophyll
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
22) Whichofthefollowingisthebestdefinitionoffermentation?
A) Thereductionofglucosetopyruvicacid.
B) Theoxidationofglucosewithorganicmoleculesservingaselectronacceptors.
C) ThecompletecatabolismofglucosetoCO 2 andH 2O.
D) Theproductionofenergybysubstrate-levelphosphorylation.
E) Theproductionofethylalcoholfromglucose.
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
23) Whichofthefollowingisnotnecessaryforrespiration?
A) Cytochromes
B) Flavoproteins
C) Asourceofelectrons
D) Oxygen
E) Quinones
Answer: D
Skill:Understanding
24) Aerobicrespirationdiffersfromanaerobicrespirationinwhichofthefollowingrespects?
A) Anaerobicrespirationisglycolysis.
B) Thefinalelectronacceptorsaredifferent.
C) Aerobicrespirationrequirestheelectrontransportchain.
D) AerobicrespirationgetselectronsfromtheKrebscycle.
E) AerobicrespirationproducesmoreATP.
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
64TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
25) WhichoneofthefollowingwouldyoupredictisanallostericinhibitoroftheKrebscycle
enzyme,ketoglutaratedehydrogenase?
A) Citricacid
B) -ketoglutaricacid
C) NAD+
D) NADH
E) Alloftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Understanding
26) Ingreenandpurplebacteria,electronstoreduceCO 2 comefrom
A) CO 2
B) H2 O
C) C6 H12O6
D) Sunlight
E) Chlorophyll
Answer: A
Skill:Understanding
27) AssumeyouaregrowingbacteriaonalipidmediumthatstartedatpH7.Theactionof
bacteriallipasesshouldcausethepHofthemediumto
A) Increase.
B) Decrease.
C) Staythesame.
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
28) UsesCO2forcarbonandH2forenergy.
A) Chemoautotroph
B) Chemoheterotroph
C) Photoautotroph
D) Photoheterotroph
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER5 MicrobialMetabolism65
29) Usesglucoseforcarbonandenergy.
A) Chemoautotroph
B) Chemoheterotroph
C) Photoautotroph
D) Photoheterotroph
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
30) Hasbacteriochlorophyllsandusesalcoholsforcarbon.
A) Chemoautotroph
B) Chemoheterotroph
C) Photoautotroph
D) Photoheterotroph
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
31) Cyanobacteriaareanexampleofthistype.
A) Chemoautotroph
B) Chemoheterotroph
C) Photoautotroph
D) Photoheterotroph
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
66TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
32) Whichstatementsaretrue?
1Electroncarriersarelocatedatribosomes.
2ATPisacommonintermediatebetweencatabolicandanabolicpathways.
3ATPisusedforthelong-termstorageofenergyandsoisoftenfoundinstoragegranules.
4Anaerobicorganismsarecapableofrespiration.
5ATPisgeneratedbytheflowofprotonsacrossthecellmembrane.
A) 2,4,5
B) 1,3,4
C) 2,3,5
D) 1,2,3
E) All
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
Acetobacter
33) C2H5OHC2H3OOH
EthylalcoholAceticacid
A) ThisprocessrequiresO2.
B) Thisprocessoccursanaerobically.
Answer: A
Skill:Understanding
34) C5H12O6
Glucose
Saccharomyces
2C2H5OH+2CO2
Ethylalcohol
A) ThisprocessrequiresO2.
B) Thisprocessoccursanaerobically.
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
35) NO3 - +2H +
Nitrateion
Pseudomonas
NO2-+H2O
Nitriteion
A) ThisprocessrequiresO2.
B) Thisprocessoccursanaerobically.
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
CHAPTER5 MicrobialMetabolism67
36) 2H+
Hydrogenions
E.coli
H2O
Water
A) ThisprocessrequiresO2.
B) Thisprocessoccursanaerobically.
Answer: A
Skill:Understanding
37) Assumeyouareworkingforachemicalcompanyandyouareresponsibleforgrowingayeast
culturethatproducesethylalcohol.Theyeastsaregrowingwellonthemaltosemediumbut
arenotproducingalcohol.Themostlikelyexplanationis
A) Themaltoseistoxic.
B) O2isinthemedium.
C) Notenoughproteinisprovided.
D) Yeastsdontproduceethylalcohol.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
68TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
Figure5.6
38) TheratesofO2andglucoseconsumptionbyabacterialcultureareshowninFigure5.6.
AssumeabacterialculturewasgrowninaglucosemediumwithoutO2.ThenO2wasadded
atthetimemarkedX.Thedataindicatethat
A) ThesebacteriadontuseO 2.
B) Thesebacteriagetmoreenergyanaerobically.
C) Aerobicmetabolismismoreefficientthanfermentation.
D) Thesebacteriacantgrowanaerobically.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
39) Anenzyme,citratesynthase,intheKrebscycleisinhibitedbyATP;thisisanexampleofallof
thefollowingexcept
A) Allostericinhibition.
B) Competitiveinhibition.
C) Feedbackinhibition.
D) Noncompetitiveinhibition.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
CHAPTER5 MicrobialMetabolism69
40) Ashippingcompanyemployeenoticesthattheinsideofshipshullswhereballastwateris
storedaredeteriorating.Thehullpaintcontainedcyanidetopreventmicrobialgrowth.Since
bacteriaweregrowingonthehulls,youcanconcludethatthe
A) Bacteriawereusingaerobicrespiration.
B) Bacteriawereusinganaerobicrespiration.
C) Bacteriaweregrowingbyfermentation.
D) Bacteriawereusingcytochromes.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
41) BeggiatoabacteriagetenergybyoxidizingS 2- toS6+ .Thismeanstheytake__(1)__fortheir
__(2)__.
A) 1-electrons;2-electrontransportchain
B) 1-electrons;2-fermentation
C) 1-protons;2-NAD+
D) 1-sulfur;2-photophosphorylation
E) 1-glucose;2-glycolysis
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
70TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
Figure5.7
42) ThegraphattheleftofFigure5.7showsthereactionrateforanenzymeatitsoptimum
temperature.Whichgraphshowsenzymeactivityatahighertemperature?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
43) Abacterialculturegrowninaglucose-peptidemediumcausesthepHtoincrease.The
bacteriaaremostlikely
A) Fermentingtheglucose.
B) Oxidizingtheglucose.
C) Usingthepeptides.
D) Notgrowing.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
44) Gallionellabacteriacangetenergyfromthereaction:Fe 2+Fe3+.Thisreactionisanexample
of
A) Oxidation.
B) Reduction.
C) Fermentation.
D) Photophosphorylation.
E) TheCalvin-Bensoncycle.
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER5 MicrobialMetabolism71
45) Whenoxygenisunavailable,Halobacterium produceATPby
A) Fermentation.
B) Photophosphorylation.
C) Oxidativephosphorylation.
D) Substrate-levelphosphorylation.
E) TheKrebscycle.
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
EssayQuestions
1) Compareandcontrastphotophosphorylationandoxidativephosphorylation.
2) Rhodopseudomonasisananaerobicphotoautotrophthatusesorganiccompoundsasanelectron
donor.Itisalsocapableofchemoheterotrophicmetabolism.Diagramthemetabolicpathways
ofthisbacterium.
3) Identifythecatabolicpathwaysusedbythefollowingbacteria:
PseudomonasOxidizesglucose
LactobacillusFermentsglucose
AlcaligenesNeitheroxidizesnorfermentsglucose
OxidizesandfermentsglucoseEscherichia
4) Differentiatebetweenthefollowingtwolaboratorytests:starchhydrolysisandstarch
fermentation.
5) Streptococcuslacksanelectrontransportchain.HowdoesthisbacteriumreoxidizeNADH?
WhereistheNADHformed?
6) Youlookintherefrigeratoratsomeorangedrinkyouhadforgottenwasthere.Thedrinknow
hasanofftasteandbubbles.Whatisthemostlikelyexplanationforthechangesinthedrink?
7) WhyisClostridiumperfringenslikelytogrowingangrenouswounds?
Chapter6 MicrobialGrowth
ObjectiveQuestions
Figure6.1
1) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsafacultativeanaerobeintheabsenceofO 2?
A) a
B) b
C) c
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
2) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestillustratesamesophileat5C aboveitsoptimumtemperature?
A) a
B) b
C) c
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
3) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsanobligateanaerobeinthepresenceofO 2?
A) a
B) b
C) c
Answer: C
Skill:Understanding
72
CHAPTER6 MicrobialGrowth73
4) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsamesophilewithanoptimumtemperatureof 35C
incubatedat40C?
A) a
B) b
C) c
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
5) InFigure6.1,whichlineshowsthegrowthofanobligateaerobeincubatedanaerobically?
A) a
B) b
C) c
Answer: C
Skill:Understanding
6) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestillustratesthegrowthofafacultativeanaerobeincubated
aerobically?
A) a
B) b
C) c
Answer: A
Skill:Understanding
7) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsacatalase-negativecellincubatedaerobically?
A) a
B) b
C) c
Answer: C
Skill:Understanding
8) Micrococciarefacultativehalophiles.InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsthegrowthofM.
luteusinanutrientmediumcontaining7.5%NaCl?
A) a
B) b
C) c
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
74TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
9) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsapsychrophileincubatedatroomtemperature?
A) a
B) b
C) c
Answer: C
Skill:Understanding
10) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsapsychrotrophincubatedat0C?
A) a
B) b
C) c
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
11) InFigure6.1,whichlinebestdepictsNeisseriagonorrhoeae whengrowinginsidethehuman
body?
A) a
B) b
C) c
Answer: A
Skill:Understanding
12) Theadditionofwhichofthefollowingtoaculturemediumwillneutralizeacids?
A) Buffers
B) Sugars
C) pH
D) Heat
E) Carbon
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER6 MicrobialGrowth75
13) Saltsandsugarsworktopreservefoodsbycreatinga
A) Depletionofnutrients.
B) Hypotonicenvironment.
C) Lowerosmoticpressure.
D) Hypertonicenvironment.
E) LowerpH.
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
14) Thetermfacultativeanaerobereferstoanorganismthat
A) Doesntuseoxygenbuttoleratesit.
B) Iskilledbyoxygen.
C) Usesoxygenorgrowswithoutoxygen.
D) Requireslessoxygenthanispresentinair.
E) Preferstogrowwithoutoxygen.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
15) Whichofthefollowingisnotadisadvantageofthestandardplatecount?
A) Cellsmayformaggregates.
B) Requiresincubationtime.
C) Determinesviablecells.
D) Chemicalandphysicalrequirementsaredeterminedbymediaandincubation.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
16) Whichofthefollowingisnotadisadvantageofthedirectmicroscopiccount?
A) Someorganismsaremotile.
B) Enumeratesdeadcells.
C) Noincubationtime.
D) Samplevolumeisunknown.
E) Largenumberofcellsisrequired.
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
76TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
17) Whichofthefollowingisnotusedtodeterminemetabolicactivity?
A) Acidproductionfromfermentation.
B) CO 2producedfromtheKrebscycle.
C) NO2-producedfromtheelectrontransportchain.
D) Decreaseddissolvedoxygen.
E) Turbidity.
Answer: E
Skill:Understanding
18) Thirty-sixcoloniesgrewinnutrientagarfrom1.0mlofundilutedsampleinastandardplate
count.Howmanycellswereintheoriginalsample?
A) 4
B) 9
C) 18
D) 36
E) 72
Answer: D
Skill:Understanding
CHAPTER6 MicrobialGrowth77
Figure6.2
19) InFigure6.2,whichsectionshowsagrowthphasewherethenumberofcellsdyingequalsthe
numberofcellsdividing?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) aandc
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
20) InFigure6.2,whichsectionsofthegraphillustratealogarithmicchangeincellnumbers?
A) aandc
B) bandd
C) aandb
D) candd
E) bonly
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
78TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
21) MostbacteriagrowbestatpH
A) 1.
B) 5.
C) 7.
D) 9.
E) 14.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
Figure6.3
22) Figure6.3showsthreecontainersofwaterconnectedbytubes.Aselectivelypermeable
membranedivideseachtube.Solutesareaddedtoeachcontainertogivefinalconcentrations
of5%NaClina;10%NaClinb;and5%sucroseinc.Whentheexperimentisfirstsetup,the
initialmovementofwaterwillbe
A) atob;btoc;ctoa.
B) atob;ctob;ctoa.
C) atoc;btoc;ctoa.
D) atoc;ctob;ctoa.
E) btoa;btoc;ctoa.
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
CHAPTER6 MicrobialGrowth79
23) Aculturemediumonwhichonlygram-positiveorganismsgrowandayellowhalosurrounds
Staphylococcusaureuscoloniesiscalleda(n)
A) Selectivemedium.
B) Differentialmedium.
C) Enrichmentculture.
D) AandB.
E) BandC.
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
24) Aculturemediumconsistingofagar,humanblood,andbeefheartisa
A) Chemicallydefinedmedium.
B) Complexmedium.
C) Selectivemedium.
D) Differentialmedium.
E) Reducingmedium.
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
25) Whichofthefollowingpairsismismatched?
A) Psychrotrophgrowthat0C
B) Thermophilegrowthat37C
C) Mesophilegrowthat25C
D) Psychrophilegrowthat15C
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
26) Duringwhichgrowthphasewillgram-positivebacteriabemostsusceptibletopenicillin?
A) Lagphase
B) Logphase
C) Deathphase
D) Stationaryphase
E) Thecultureisequallysusceptibleduringallphases.
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
80TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
27) Whichofthefollowingisthebestdefinitionofgenerationtime?
A) Thelengthoftimeittakesforlagphase.
B) Thelengthoftimeittakesforacelltodivide.
C) Theminimumrateofdoubling.
D) Thedurationoflogphase.
E) Thetimeittakesfornucleardivision.
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
28) Allofthefollowingaredirectmethodstomeasuremicrobialgrowthexcept
A) Directmicroscopiccount.
B) Standardplatecount.
C) Filtration.
D) Metabolicactivity.
E) MPN.
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
29) Whichgroupofmicroorganismsismostlikelytospoilafreshwatertroutpreservedwithsalt?
A) Psychrophiles
B) Halophiles
C) Anaerobes
D) Thermophiles
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
30) Whichofthefollowingisanorganicgrowthfactor?
A) Glucose
B) NAD+
C) Peptone
D) NH4H2PO4
E) Alloftheabove
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER6 MicrobialGrowth81
31) Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofametabolicactivitythatcouldbeusedtomeasure
microbialgrowth?
A) Standardplatecount
B) Glucoseconsumption
C) Directmicroscopiccount
D) Turbidity
E) MPN
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
32) Anexperimentbeganwith4cellsandendedwith128cells.Howmanygenerationsdidthe
cellsgothrough?
A) 64
B) 32
C) 6
D) 5
E) 4
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
33) Threecellswithgenerationtimesof30minutesareinoculatedintoaculturemedium.How
manycellsarethereafter5hours?
A) 32 10
B) 1024
C) 243
D) 48
E) 16
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
34) Whichorganismproducescatalaseandsuperoxidedismutase?
A) Aerobe
B) Aerotolerantanaerobe
C) Obligateanaerobe
Answer: A
Skill:Understanding
82TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
35) WhichorganismiskilledbyatmosphericO 2?
A) Aerobe
B) Aerotolerantanaerobe
C) Obligateanaerobe
Answer: C
Skill:Understanding
36) Whichofthefollowingshouldnot beincludedinamediumusedtoselectforanitrogen-fixing
chemoheterotroph?
A) KH2PO4
B) (NH4)2SO4
C) Glucose
D) MgSO4
E) Na2HPO4
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
Table6.1
Belowarethreedifferentculturemedia.
MediumA
Na2HPO4
KH2PO4
MgSO 4
CaCl2
NaHCO 3
MediumB
Tidedetergent
Na2HPO4
KH2PO4
MgSO 4
(NH4)2SO4
MediumC
Glucose
Peptone
(NH4)2SO4
KH2PO2
Na2HPO4
37) InTable6.1,whichmedium(media)is(are)chemicallydefined?
A) A
B) B
C) AandB
D) AandC
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER6 MicrobialGrowth83
38) InTable,6.1,inwhichmediumwouldanautotrophgrow?
A) A
B) B
C) AandB
D) AandC
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: A
Skill:Analysis
39) Assumeyouinoculated100cellsinto100mlnutrientbroth.Youtheninoculated100cellsof
thesamespeciesinto200mlnutrientbroth.Afterincubationfor24hr,youshouldhave
A) Morecellsinthe100ml.
B) Morecellsinthe200ml.
C) Thesamenumberofcellsinboth.
Answer: C
Skill:Understanding
40) Thesourceofnutrientsinnutrientagaris
A) Agar.
B) Nutrient.
C) Peptoneandbeefextract.
D) PeptoneandNaCl.
E) Alloftheabove.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
41) Whichenzymecatalyzesthereaction:O 2-+O 2-+2H + H2O2+O 2?
A) Catalase
B) Oxidase
C) Peroxidase
D) Superoxidedismutase
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
84TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
42) Whichenzymecatalyzesthereaction:2H 2O2 2H2O+ O 2?
A) Catalase
B) Oxidase
C) Peroxidase
D) Superoxidedismutase
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
43) Whichenzymecatalyzesthereaction:H 2O2+2H + 2H 2O?
A) Catalase
B) Oxidase
C) Peroxidase
D) Superoxidedismutase
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
Table6.2
Thefollowingdatashowgrowthoftwobacteriaondifferentmedia.
AmountofGrowth
StaphylococcusaureusStreptococcuspyogenes
Nutrientagar
Nutrientagar+7.5%
NaCl
++
+
++
-
44) ThedatainTable6.2indicatethatS.aureus isa(n)
A) Mesophile.
B) Facultativeanaerobe.
C) Facultativehalophile.
D) Aerobe.
E) Halophile.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER6 MicrobialGrowth85
45) ProducersinthehydrothermalventsontheoceanflooruseCO 2 fortheircarbonsourceand
whatforenergy?
A) Light
B) Sulfide
C) Organicmolecules
D) Carbondioxide
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
EssayQuestions
Figure6.4
86TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
1) IneachgraphinFigure6.4,theculturewasincubatedat30C inglucoseminimalsaltsbroth,
aerobically.Thebacteriumisafacultativeanaerobewithanoptimumtemperatureof37C,
andcanmetabolizeglucoseandlactose.Indicatehoweachgrowthcurvewouldchangeunder
theconditionsindicatedineachgraph.Drawthenewgraphsorwritenochange.
Table6.3
Bacterialgenerationtimeswerecalculatedinthemediashownbelow.
Allmediawerepreparedwithtapwaterandincubatedaerobicallyinthelight.
Generationtimes(min.)
Pseudomonas
Medium Escherichiacoli aeruginosa Lactobacillus Nitrobacter
NaCI,NO 3 - ,MgSO4
Glucose
Glucose,NaCI
Glucose,NaCI,PO4 3-
Glucose,NaCI,
PO4 3- ,MgSO4
Glucose,NaCI,PO 4 3- ,
MgSO 4 ,8aminoacids
Glucose,NaCI,PO4 3- ,
MgSO 4 ,19aminoacids
25
25
80
0
28
40
0
0
0
100
82
56
0
0
0
200
0
0
0
0
80
0
0
0
43
100
0
0
2) Compareandcontrastthegrowthrequirementsofthebacteria.Whichofthemedia,ifany,are
chemicallydefined?
Chapter7 TheControlofMicrobialGrowth
ObjectiveQuestions
1) Whichofthefollowingisbesttosterilizeheat-labilesolutions?
A) Dryheat
B) Autoclave
C) Membranefiltration
D) Pasteurization
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
2) Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepatternofmicrobialdeath?
A) Thecellsinapopulationdieataconstantrate.
B) Allthecellsinaculturedieatonce.
C) Allofthecellsinacultureareneverkilled.
D) Thepatternvariesdependingontheantimicrobialagent.
E) Thepatternvariesdependingonthespecies.
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
3) Bacterialdeathwillresultfromdamagetowhichofthefollowingstructures?
A) Cellwall
B) Plasmamembrane
C) Proteins
D) Nucleicacids
E) Alloftheabove
Answer: E
Skill:Analysis
87
88TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
4) Whichofthefollowingsubstancescansterilize?
A) Alcohol
B) Phenolics
C) Ethyleneoxide
D) Chlorine
E) Soap
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
5) Whichofthefollowingisusedforsurgicalhandscrubs?
A) Phenol
B) Chlorinebleach
C) Chlorhexidine
D) Soap
E) Glutaraldehyde
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
6) Whichofthefollowingisnotaheavymetal?
A) Silvernitrate
B) Mercurochrome
C) Merthiolate
D) Coppersulfate
E) Chlorine
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
7) Placethefollowingsurfactantsinorderfromthemosteffectivetotheleasteffective
antimicrobialactivity:
1-Soap;2-Anionicdetergent;3-Cationicdetergent.
A) 1,2,3
B) 1,3,2
C) 2,1,3
D) 3,2,1
E) 3,1,2
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
CHAPTER7 TheControlofMicrobialGrowth89
8) Theantimicrobialactivityofchlorineisduetowhichofthefollowing?
A) Theformationofhypochlorousacid
B) Theformationofhydrochloricacid
C) Theformationofozone
D) TheformationoffreeO
E) Disruptionoftheplasmamembrane
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
9) Iodophorsdifferfromiodine(I 2)inthatiodophors
A) Dontstain.
B) Arelessirritating.
C) Arelongerlasting.
D) Arecombinedwithanonionicdetergent.
E) Alloftheabove.
Answer: E
Skill:Analysis
10) Phenolicsdifferfromphenolinthatphenolicsareallofthefollowingexcept
A) Nonirritating.
B) Relativelyodorless.
C) Moreeffectiveantibacterialagents.
D) Moretoxictohumancells.
E) Alloftheabove.
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
11) Whichofthefollowingdoesnot achievesterilization?
A) Dryheat
B) Pasteurization
C) Autoclave
D) Formaldehyde
E) Ethyleneoxide
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
90TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
12) Whichofthefollowingisalimitationoftheautoclave?
A) Lengthoftime
B) Abilitytoinactivateviruses
C) Abilitytokillendospores
D) Usewithheat-labilematerials
E) Usewithglassware
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
13) Whichofthefollowingaffectstheeliminationofbacteriafromanobject?
A) Numberofbacteriapresent
B) Temperature
C) pH
D) Presenceoforganicmatter
E) Alloftheabove
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
14) Whichofthefollowingisnotadirectresultofheat?
A) Breakinghydrogenbonds
B) Breakingsulfhydrylbonds
C) Denaturingenzymes
D) Celllysis
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
15) Whichofthefollowingsubstancesistheleasteffectiveantimicrobialagent?
A) Soap
B) Cationicdetergents
C) Phenolics
D) Iodine
E) Alcohol
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER7 TheControlofMicrobialGrowth91
16) Whichofthesedisinfectantsactsbydenaturingproteins?
A) Phenolics
B) Aldehydes
C) Halogens
D) Alcohols
E) Alloftheabove
Answer: E
Skill:Analysis
17) Whichoftheseisnotanoxidizingagent?
A) Ozone
B) Hydrogenperoxide
C) Iodine
D) Chlorine
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: E
Skill:Analysis
18) Whichofthefollowingisnotusedforthedisinfectionofwater?
A) Ozone
B) Gammaradiation
C) Chlorine
D) Coppersulfate
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: E
Skill:Analysis
19) Whichofthefollowingisnoteffectiveagainstnonenvelopedviruses?
A) Alcohol
B) Chlorine
C) Ethyleneoxide
D) Ozone
E) Allareequallyeffective
Answer: A
Skill:Understanding
92TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
20) Glutaraldehydeisconsideredoneofthemosteffectivedisinfectantsforhospitaluse.Whichof
thefollowingwouldnotbetrueaboutglutaraldehyde?
A) Stainsandcorrodes.
B) Safetotransport.
C) Actsrapidly.
D) Nothamperedbyorganicmaterial.
E) Attacksallmicroorganisms.
Answer: A
Skill:Understanding
21) Whichconcentrationofethylalcoholisthemosteffectivebactericide?
A) 100%
B) 70%
C) 50%
D) 40%
E) 30%
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
22) Allofthefollowingcontributetohospital-acquiredinfectionsexcept
A) Somebacteriametabolizedisinfectants.
B) Gram-negativebacteriaareoftenresistanttodisinfectants.
C) Invasiveprocedurescanprovideaportalofentryforbacteria.
D) Bacteriamaybepresentincommercialproductssuchasmouthwash.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: E
Skill:Analysis
23) Whichofthefollowingtreatmentsisthemosteffectiveforcontrollingmicrobialgrowth?
A) 63Cfor30min.
B) 72Cfor15sec.
C) 140Cfor2dayswiththreeormoresymptoms(i.e.,chills,sweats,severe
headache,cough,achingmuscles/joints,fatigue,orfeelingill).Alaboratory -confirmedcasewas
definedasapositiveresultforantibodiesagainstCoxiellaburnetii.Beforetheoutbreak,2000sheep
werekeptnorthwestofthetown.Ofthe20sheeptestedfromtheflock,15werepositivefor C.
burnetiiantibodies.Windblewfromthenorthwestandrainfallwas0.5cmcomparedwith7to10
cmduringeachofthepreviousthreeyears.
36) Situation14.1isanexampleof
A) Humanreservoirs.
B) Azoonosis.
C) Anonlivingreservoir.
D) Avector.
E) Afocalinfection.
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
37) InSituation14.1,theetiologicagentofthediseaseis
A) Sheep.
B) Soil.
C) C.burnetii.
D) Pneumonia.
E) Wind.
Answer: C
Skill:Understanding
38) InSituation14.1,themethodoftransmissionofthisdiseasewas
A) Directcontact.
B) Droplet.
C) Indirectcontact.
D) Vector-borne.
E) Vehicle.
Answer: E
Skill:Understanding
202TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
39) Whichoneofthefollowingisnot anexampleofmicrobialantagonism?
A) Acidproductionbybacteria
B) Bacteriocinproduction
C) Bacteriaoccupyinghostreceptors
D) Bacteriacausingdisease
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: E
Skill:Analysis
40) TheyeastCandidaalbicansdoesnotnormallycausediseasebecauseof
A) Symbioticbacteria.
B) Antagonisticbacteria.
C) Parasiticbacteria.
D) Commensalbacteria.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
41) HaemophilusbacteriarequirehemeproteinproducedbyStaphylococcus bacteria.Thisisan
exampleof
A) Antagonism.
B) Commensalism.
C) Parasitism.
D) Synergism.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
42) Whichoneofthefollowingisnot azoonosis?
A) Cat-scratchdisease
B) Hantaviruspulmonarysyndrome
C) Rabies
D) Tapeworm
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER14 PrinciplesofDiseaseandEpidemiology 203
43) Pseudomonasbacteriacolonizedthebileductofapatientfollowinghislivertransplantsurgery.
Thisisanexampleofa
A) Communicabledisease.
B) Latentinfection.
C) Nosocomialinfection.
D) Sporadicdisease.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
Figure14.3
44) ThegraphinFigure14.3showstheincidenceofpoliointheUnitedStates.Theperiodbetween
1945and1955indicates
A) Anendemiclevel.
B) Anepidemiclevel.
C) Asporadicinfection.
D) Acommunicabledisease.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: B
Skill:Analysis
204TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
45) Whichoneofthefollowingdoesnot contributetotheincidenceofnosocomialinfections?
A) Formationofbiofilms.
B) Lapseinaseptictechniques.
C) Gram-negativecellwalls.
D) Lackofhand-washing.
E) Lackofinsectcontrol.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
EssayQuestions
Situation14.2
A37-week-oldinfantwasdeliveredbycesareansectionanddischargedfromaConnecticut
hospitalwhenhewas10daysold.Twodayslaterhewaslethargicandhadafever.Whenhewas
readmittedtothehospital,hehadmultiplebrainabscessescausedby Citrobacterdiversus.Aftera
prolongedillness,thebabydied.Asecondinfantwithanormalpregnancyanddeliverydiedof C.
diversusmeningitisafterashortillness.Nineinfantsinthehospitalnurseryhadumbilicalcord
colonizationbyC.diversus.Environmentalcultureswerenegativeforhospitalequipment.
1) a.
b.
Whatisthenormalhabitatofthisgram-negative,facultativelyanaerobic,
non-endospore-forming,lactose-positiverod?
Provideaplanforidentifyingthesourceofinfectionand
preventingfurtherinfection.
CHAPTER14 PrinciplesofDiseaseandEpidemiology 205
Figure14.4
2) SalmonellaheidelberggastroenteritisoccurredonthreecruisesaboardtheT.S.S.Festivale.Figure
14.4showson-boardclinicvisitsfordiarrhealillnessbetweenFebruary10andMarch3.
a.
b.
c.
Explaintheincidencepatternshownonthegraph.
Whatareprobablemodesoftransmission?
WhatchangeswouldyourecommendbeforetheshipbooksmorecruisesafterMarch3?
Chapter15
ObjectiveQuestions
MicrobialMechanismsofPathogenicity
1) Themostfrequentlyusedportalofentryforpathogensisthe
A) Mucousmembranesoftherespiratorytract.
B) Mucousmembranesofthegastrointestinaltract.
C) Skin.
D) Parenteralroute.
E) Allareusedequally.
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
2) Whichofthefollowingdiseasesisnot usuallycontractedbytherespiratoryroute?
A) Pneumonia
B) Infectioushepatitis
C) Tuberculosis
D) Measles
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: B
Skill:Understanding
3) Mostpathogensthatgainaccessthroughtheskin
A) Canpenetrateintactskin.
B) Justinfecttheskinitself.
C) Enterthroughhairfolliclesandsweatducts.
D) Mustadherefirstwhiletheirinvasivefactorsallowthemtopenetrate.
E) Mustbeinjected.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
206
CHAPTER15 MicrobialMechanismsofPathogenicity207
4) TheID 50isa
A) Measureofpathogenicity.
B) Dosethatwillcauseaninfectionin50%ofthetestpopulation.
C) Dosethatwillkillsomeofthetestpopulation.
D) Dosethatwillcauseaninfectioninsomeofthetestpopulation.
E) Dosethatwillkill50%ofthetestpopulation.
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
5) Whichofthefollowingdoesnot contributetoapathogensinvasiveness?
A) Toxins
B) Capsule
C) Cellwall
D) Hyaluronidase
E) Ligands
Answer: A
Skill:Understanding
6) Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse?
A) Leukocidinsdestroyneutrophils.
B) Hemolysinslyseredbloodcells.
C) Hyaluronidasebreaksdownsubstancesbetweencells.
D) Kinasedestroysfibrinclots.
E) Coagulasedestroysbloodclots.
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
7) Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutexotoxinsisgenerallynot true?
A) Theyaremorepotentthanendotoxins.
B) Theyarecomposedofproteins.
C) Theyarenotdestroyedbyheat.
D) Theyhavespecificmethodsofaction.
E) Theyareproducedbygram-positivebacteria.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
208TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
8) Endotoxinsare
A) Associatedwithgram-positivebacteria.
B) Specificintheirmethodofaction.
C) Partofthegram-negativecellwall.
D) Excretedfromthecell.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: C
Skill:Analysis
9) Whichofthefollowingisnotamembrane-disruptingtoxin?
A) A-Btoxin
B) Hemolysin
C) Leucocidin
D) StreptolysinO
E) StreptolysinS
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
10) Cytopathiceffectsarechangesinhostcellsdueto
A) Viralinfections.
B) Protozoanandhelminthicinfections.
C) Fungalinfections.
D) Bacterialinfections.
E) Alloftheabove.
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
11) Whichofthefollowingdoesnot contributetothesymptomsofafungaldisease?
A) Capsules
B) Toxins
C) Allergicresponseofthehost
D) Cellwalls
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Recall
CHAPTER15 MicrobialMechanismsofPathogenicity209
12) Allofthefollowingaremethodsofavoidinghostantibodiesexcept
A) Antigenicchange.
B) IgAprotease.
C) Invasims.
D) Membrane-disruptingtoxins.
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Understanding
13) Siderophoresarebacterialproteinsthatcompetewithanimal
A) Antibodies.
B) Redbloodcells.
C) Transferrin.
D) Whitebloodcells.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: C
Skill:Recall
14) Allofthefollowingmaybeusedforadherenceexcept
A) Fimbriae.
B) Cellmembranemannose.
C) Glycoproteins.
D) Lipoproteins.
E) Capsules.
Answer: B
Skill:Recall
15) Whichofthefollowingisnotconsideredentryviatheparenteralroute?
A) Injection
B) Bite
C) Surgery
D) Hairfollicle
E) Noneoftheabove
Answer: D
Skill:Analysis
210TestBankforMicrobiology:AnIntroduction
16) AcellwallcanincreaseabacteriumsvirulencebecausecellwalllipidA
A) Resistsphagocytosis.
B) Helpsthebacteriumattach.
C) Destroyshosttissues.
D) Allbacteriahaveacellwallandallarenotpathogenic;therefore,cellwallsdonot
contributetovirulence.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: E
Skill:Recall
17) Botulismiscausedbyanexotoxin,thereforeitcouldeasilybepreventedby
A) Boilingfoodpriortoconsumption.
B) Administeringantibioticstopatients.
C) Noteatingcannedfood.
D) Preventingfecalcontaminationoffood.
E) Noneoftheabove.
Answer: A
Skill:Recall
18) Whichofthefollowingorganismsdoesnt produceanexotoxin?
A) Salmonellatyph