TUGAS AKHIR
PERANCANGAN BELT CONVEYOR
PADA KAPASITAS 60 TON/JAM
UNTUK ALAT ANGKUT BENIH JAGUNG
(STUDI KASUS: PT. AGRI MAKMUR PERTIWI, DESA SAMBIREJO,
KECAMATAN PARE, KABUPATEN KEDIRI)
Diajukan Kepada Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Untuk Memenuhi Syarat Memperoleh Gelar
Sarjana (S-1) Teknik Mesin
Disusun Oleh:
Khairul Anaam
201210120311094
JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2019
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Perancangan Belt Conveyor Dengan Kapasitas 60 Ton/Jam Benih Jagung di
PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi
Khairul Anaam1*, Herry Suprianto 2, Dini Kurniawati 3
*Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Jl. Tlogomas, No. 246, Malang 65144
Phone. (0341) 464318-128 Fax. (0341) 460782
e-mail : [email protected]
ABSTRAK
Alat pemindahan bahan yang berbasis teknologi tinggi di
sebagian industri yang sedang berkembang adalah belt conveyor.
Kapasitas angkut belt conveyor bisa berbeda-beda antara satu dengan
yang lain, tergantung pada jenis material yang diangkut, lebar belt,
daya motor yang digunakan yang akan mempengaruhi kecepatan
angkut belt dan jarak pemindahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah
untuk mengetahui kapasitas angkut dan kecepatan belt conveyor di
PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi, daya motor penggerak yang dibutuhkan
dan membandingkan dengan spesifikasi belt conveyor tersebut. Studi
literatur dan survei pendahuluan dilakukan sebagai dasar dalam
merancang belt coveyor ini. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan yang telah
dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk kapasitas 60 ton/jam, belt
conveyor memiliki kecepatan 0,242 m/s ; berat material biji jagung
46,337 lbs/ft ; berat belt 15,455 lbs/ft ; panjang conveyor 100 m ;
ketinggian vertical 8 m ; dan daya motor 3,897 kw.
Kata kunci : Belt Conveyor, perancangan kapasitas angkut,
kecepatan belt
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Design of Conveyor Belt with a Capacity of 60 Tons / Hour of Corn Seeds at
PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi
Khairul Anaam1*, Herry Suprianto 2, Dini Kurniawati 3
*Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Jl. Tlogomas, No. 246, Malang 65144
Phone. (0341) 464318-128 Fax. (0341) 460782
e-mail : [email protected]
ABSTRACT
A high technology based material transfer tool in some
developing industries is a belt conveyor. The carrying capacity of the
belt conveyor can vary from one another, depending on the type of
material being transported, the width of the belt, the motor power
used which will affect the speed of conveyance of the belt and the
distance of displacement. The purpose of this study was to determine
the carrying capacity and speed of the belt conveyor at PT. Agri
Makmur Pertiwi, the driving motor power needed and comparing
with the specifications of the belt conveyor. Literature studies and
preliminary surveys are carried out as a basis for designing this belt
coveyor. Based on the results of calculations that have been done, it
can be concluded that for a capacity of 60 tons / hour, the belt
conveyor has a speed of 0.242 m / s; maize seed material weight
46,337 lbs / ft; belt weight 15.455 lbs / ft; conveyor length of 100 m;
vertical height of 8 m; and motor power 3,897 kw.
Keywords : Belt Conveyor, design of transport capacity, belt speed
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KATA PENGANTAR
Alhamdulillah, puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah
melimpahkan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan
skripsi yang berjudul “Perancangan Belt Conveyor Pada Kapasitas 60 Ton/Jam
Untuk Alat Angkut Benih Jagung (Studi Kasus: PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi,
Desa Sambirejo, Kecamatan Pare, Kabupaten Kediri)”. Penyusunan skripsi ini
penulis banyak mendapatkan bantuan, petunjuk, bimbingan, saran dari berbagai
pihak, oleh sebab itu penulis ingin mengungkapkan rasa terima kasih kepada:
1. Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan kesehatan kepada penulis.
2. Bapak Ir. Herry Suprianto, MT selaku Dosen Pembimbing dan Dosen
Penguji yang senantiasa memberikan bimbingan, motivasi serta memberi
masukan yang bermanfaat.
3. Ibu Dini Kurniawati, ST., MT selaku Dosen Pembimbing dan Dosen
Penguji yang senantiasa memberikan bimbingan, motivasi serta memberi
masukan yang bermanfaat.
4. PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi tempat penulis dalam penelitian.
5. Kedua Orang tua dan seluruh keluarga, yang telah memberikan doa,
motivasi, dan dukungan baik secara moral maupun materi sehingga penulis
mampu menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
6. Teman satu dosen bimbingan yang selalu menemani saat menunggu
bimbingan.
7. Teman – teman Teknik Mesin yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu persatu
8. Seluruh pihak yang telah menjadikan penulis menjadi sosok penulis yang
sekarang.
Penulis menyadari keterbatasan kemampuan dalam penyusunan laporan
skripsi ini. Sehingga, penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang bersifat
membangun untuk penulisan laporan yang lebih baik.
Malang, Juli 2019
Khairul Anaam
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DAFTAR ISI
POSTER .............................................................................................................................. i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................................. iii
LEMBAR ASISTENSI TUGAS AKHIR ....................................................................... iv
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN .............................................................................................. v
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................................ vi
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... vii
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR ISI..................................................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................................... xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................. 1
1.1 LATAR BELAKANG ........................................................................................ 1
1.2 RUMUSAN MASALAH .................................................................................... 3
1.3 TUJUAN PERANCANGAN .............................................................................. 4
1.4 MANFAAT PERANCANGAN .......................................................................... 4
1.5 BATASAN MASALAH ..................................................................................... 5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 6
2.1 BELT CONVEYOR .............................................................................................. 6
2.2 PRINSIP KERJA BELT CONVEYOR ................................................................ 7
2.3 PROFIL BELT--CONVEYOR ............................................................................ 8
2.4 METODE DISCHARGE PADA BELT CONVEYOR ......................................... 9
2.5 KOMPONEN BELT CONVEYOR .................................................................... 10
2.5.1 Tail Puley .................................................................................................. 10
2.5.2 Return Roll ................................................................................................ 11
2.5.3 Carrying Roll ............................................................................................ 11
2.5.4 Bend Pulley ............................................................................................... 12
2.5.5 Head Pulley ............................................................................................... 13
2.5.6 Take Up Pulley .......................................................................................... 13
2.5.7 Take Up Unit ............................................................................................. 14
2.5.8 Impact Roll ................................................................................................ 15
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2.5.9 Belt ............................................................................................................ 15
2.6 PEMILIHAN BELT .......................................................................................... 16
2.7 PEMILIHAN IDLER ........................................................................................ 18
2.7.1 Frame Idler ............................................................................................... 20
2.7.2 Roller ......................................................................................................... 24
BAB III METODOLOGI ............................................................................................... 25
3.1 PENGUMPULAN DATA ................................................................................ 25
3.1.1 Studi Literatur ........................................................................................... 25
3.1.2 Survei Pendahuluan................................................................................... 25
3.1.3 Identifikasi Masalah .................................................................................. 25
3.2 PENGOLAHAN DATA ................................................................................... 26
3.2.1 KARAKTERISTIK MATERIAL ANGKUT ........................................... 26
3.2.2 KAPASITAS_BELT_CONVEYOR ........................................................... 32
3.2.3 LUAS PENAMPANG .............................................................................. 33
3.2.4 KECEPATAN_BELT ............................................................................... 36
3.2.5 PERHITUNGAN_TEGANGAN DAN DAYA BELT .............................. 38
3.2.6 PEMILIHAN_PULLEY ............................................................................ 48
3.2.7 PEMILIHAN_IDLER ............................................................................... 49
3.2.8 JARAK IDLER DENGAN PULLEY ........................................................ 54
3.3 PEMBUATAN DESAIN GAMBAR ................................................................ 56
BAB IV PERHITUNGAN PERANCANGAN .............................................................. 57
4.1 DATA INFORMASI AWAL RANCANGAN ................................................. 57
4.2 KECEPATAN BELT ........................................................................................ 58
4.3 BERAT MATERIAL DAN BELT .................................................................... 59
4.3.1 Berat Material (Wm) .................................................................................. 59
4.3.2 Berat Belt (Wb) .......................................................................................... 59
4.4 PEMILIHAN IDLER ........................................................................................ 60
4.4.1 Carrying Idler ........................................................................................... 60
4.4.2 Return Idler ............................................................................................... 61
4.5 PERHITUNGAN TEGANGAN DAN DAYA BELT ....................................... 63
4.5.1 Data yang Diketahui .................................................................................. 63
4.5.2 Faktor Kt (faktor koreksi temperatur lingkungan) ..................................... 64
4.5.3 Faktor Kx (faktor gesekan idler) ................................................................ 64
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4.5.4 Faktor Ky (faktor perhitungan gaya belt dan beban flexure idler) ............. 64
4.5.5 Tegangan Efektif (Te) ................................................................................ 66
4.5.6 Perhitungan Daya Motor ........................................................................... 68
4.6 PEMILIHAN PULLEY CONVEYOR .............................................................. 68
BAB V KESIMPULAN .................................................................................................. 72
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................................... 74
LAMPIRAN..................................................................................................................... 75
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Lapisan Belt Berdasarkan Lebar Belt ................................................... 17
Tabel 3.1 Pengelompokan Material Berdasarkan Ukuran Partikel ...................... 27
Tabel 3.2 Pengelompokan Material Berdasarkan Massa Jenis ............................ 27
Tabel 3.3 Hubungan Antara Angle Of Repose Dan Angle Of Surcharge ............. 28
Tabel 3.4 Material Class and Code ...................................................................... 29
Tabel 3.5 Material Characteristic and Weight..................................................... 30
Tabel 3.6 Inclination Reduction Factor (K) ....................................................... 33
Tabel 3.7 Tabel Area of Load Cross Section ........................................................ 34
Tabel 3.8 Kecapatan Maksimum Belt Conveyor .................................................. 36
Tabel 3.9 Belt Width Berdasarkan Kapasitas Pada Kecepatan 100 FPM ............. 37
Tabel 3.10 Kecapatan Belt Berdasarkan Lump Size ............................................. 37
Tabel 3.11 Faktor Ky, Values ................................................................................ 41
Tabel 3.12 Belt Tension to Rotate Pulleys ............................................................ 42
Tabel 3.13 Discharge Plow Allowance ................................................................ 42
Tabel 3.14 Skirtboard Friction Factor, Cs ........................................................... 43
Tabel 3.15 Wrap Factor, Cw................................................................................. 45
Tabel 3.16 Arrangement Of Idler Spacing ........................................................... 51
Tabel 3.17 Roller Diameter & Bearing Number .................................................. 51
Tabel 3.18 Wb dan WR ......................................................................................... 52
Tabel 3.19 Basic Load Rating for Rolling Contact Bearing Cdyn (kgf) ................ 52
Tabel 3.20 Through Carrying Idler & Return Idler ............................................. 52
Tabel 3.21 Belt Training Carrying Idler .............................................................. 53
Tabel 3.22 Belt Training Return Idler .................................................................. 53
Tabel 3.23 Impact Carrying Idler & Impact Return Idler .................................... 54
Tabel 3.24 Minimum Transitional Spacing .......................................................... 55
Tabel 3.25 Transitional Spacing .......................................................................... 55
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Profil Belt Conveyor ........................................................................ 8
Gambar 2.2 Head Pulley Discharge .................................................................... 9
Gambar 2.3 Both end Discharge ......................................................................... 9
Gambar 2.4 Skema Kontruksi Utama Belt Conveyor .......................................... 10
Gambar 2.5 Tail Pulley ........................................................................................ 10
Gambar 2.6 Return Roll ....................................................................................... 11
Gambar 2.7 Carrying Roll ................................................................................... 12
Gambar 2.8 Bend Pulley ...................................................................................... 12
Gambar 2.9 Head Pulley ..................................................................................... 13
Gambar 2.10 Take Up Pulley .............................................................................. 14
Gambar 2.11 Belt ................................................................................................. 15
Gambar 2.12 Potongan Belt Menurut Skematik .................................................. 16
Gambar 2.13 Multiply Belt Cross-Section ........................................................... 17
Gambar 2.14 Belt Cross Section dari Steel Cord Belts ....................................... 18
Gambar 2.15 Trough Carrying Idler ................................................................... 20
Gambar 2.16 V-Trough Carrying Idler ............................................................... 21
Gambar 2.17 Trough Impact Idler ....................................................................... 22
Gambar 2.18 Flat Returns Idler .......................................................................... 22
Gambar 2.19 Self-Aligning Carrying Idler .......................................................... 23
Gambar 2.20 Self-Aligning Return Idler .............................................................. 24
Gambar 2.21 Detail Of Roller Internal Construction (Typical) .......................... 24
Gambar 3.1 Luas Penampang Total Belt Conveyor............................................. 33
Gambar 3.2 Luas Penampang Bagian Atas Belt Conveyor ................................. 34
Gambar 3.3 Variation of Temperature factor, Kt with temperature .................... 39
Gambar 3.4 Incline or horizontal Conveyor,pulley driving belt ......................... 44
Gambar 3.5 Decline conveyor lowering load with regeneration,belt driving pulley
............................................................................................................................... 44
Gambar 3.6 Horizontal Belt Conveyor with Vertical Curve, and Head Pulley Drive
............................................................................................................................... 46
Gambar 3.7 Take-Up Gravity .............................................................................. 47
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Gambar 3.8 Drive Pulley Dimension ................................................................... 48
Gambar 3.9 Non-Drive Pulley Dimension ........................................................... 49
Gambar 4.1 Non-Drive Pulley Dimension ........................................................... 60
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Erinofiardi. 2012. Analisa Kerja Belt Conveyor 5857-V Kapasitas 600 Ton/ Jam.
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin. 3(3): 450-458
Hamsi, A. 2011. Analisa Pengaruh Ukuran Butir Dan Tingkat Kelembaban
Pasir Terhadap Performansi Belt Conveyor Pada Pabrik Pembuatan
Tiang Beton. Jurnal Dinamis. 2(8): 14-20
Kulweic, R.A. 1985. Material Handling Handbook. John Wiley&Sons. Canada
Raharjo, R. 2012. Rancang Bangun Belt Conveyor Trainner Sebagai Alat Bantu
Pembelajaran. Jurnal Teknik Mesin. 1(2): 15-26
Sularso dan Suga, K. 1987. Dasar Perencanaan dan Pemilihan Elemen Mesin.
PT Pradnya Paramita. Jakarta
Waluyo, J., Aosoby, R., dan Rusianto, T. 2016. Perancangan Belt Conveyor
sebagai Pengangkut Batubara dengan Kapasitas 2700 Ton/Jam. Jurnal
Teknik Mesin. 3(1): 45-51