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SNOW-DUSTStudio degli effetti chimici e biogeografici delle avvezioni di polveri
sahariane sul Ghiacciaio del Calderone (Gran Sasso d’Italia)
David Cappelletti1,2,*, Ermanno Federici1, Chiara Petroselli1, Roberta Selvaggi1, Stefano Crocchianti1,
Beatrice Moroni1, Elena Montalbani1, Pinuccio D’Aquila3, Massimo Pecci2,4
1Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia 2Comitato Glaciologico Italiano, 3Geologo, CNSAS-CAI Chieti, , 4CAI Roma
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desert dust: an efficient carrier
of pollutants and bacteria
adapted from Kellogg et al (2006)
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desert dust: an efficient carrier
of pollutants and bacteria
adapted from Kellogg et al (2006)
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M.Martano SDS-WAS stationSand & Dust Warning Alert System (WMO)
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M.Martano SDS-WAS stationSand & Dust Warning Alert System (WMO)
Zn
Cr
Ni
Cu
V
Mn
Co
Ca
Ti
Fe
flu
orid
e
ch
lorid
e
nitra
te
ph
osp
ha
te
su
lph
ate
OC
EC
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
sa
mp
le / P
M_
MM
_2
10
51
4
20.02.14
04.04.14
22.05.14
24.06.14
15.10.14
07.11.14
01.12.14
always larger than the
high levels of Fe, Ti, Cahigh levels of dust loads
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M.Martano SDS-WAS stationSand & Dust Warning Alert System (WMO)
specific bacteria communities associated with PAH
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Calderone glacier
(al Gran Sasso d’Italia)
may 2010
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end the ablation season
sept 2011 sept 2012
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monitoraggio (2008-2017)
idrocarburi policiclici aromatici
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Saharan dust
inverno-primavera estate-autunno
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impact on the snow surface
giu 2013
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impact on the snowpack
Sahariana febbraio
Sahariana gennaio
feb 2014
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elemental vs organic carbon
present & future studies
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PROGETTO SNOWDUST – ROMA, 5 OTTOBRE 2017
Ermanno Federici
Laboratori di Microbiologia Applicata e AmbientaleDipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie
Effects of Desert Dust Depositions on the
Microbiota of the Calderone Glacier
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Culture-Independent Characterization of
Microbial Communities
High complexity Culture-Based Approach
Microbial diversity
Metagenomic DNA
Next Generation Sequencing
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Bacterial Diversity in the Glacier:
Clean and Dust-Impacted Snow
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Bacterial Diversity in the Glacier:
Melting (h) and Source (l) Water
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β-Diversity Among Dust-Impacted Snow,
Clean Snow and Water Samples
Dendrogram based on Bray–Curtis distances between microbial communities of Clean Snow (Sn), Saharan-impacted snow (SH) and water samples (Wat). Snow was collected on the surface (s), median (m) and deep (d)layer of the snow pit. Water samples were melting directly on the glacier (h) and from a natural source (l).
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β-Diversity Among Dust-Impacted Snow,
Clean Snow and Water Samples
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β-Diversity Among Dust-Impacted Snow,
Clean Snow and Water Samples
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The Monte Martano Sampling Site
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Distribution of the most abundant bacterial genera (average abundance higher than 0.5%) in the PM10 samples.
Bacterial Communities in PM10 Samples
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Impact of Saharan Dust Intrusions on the
Bacterial Diversity of the Glacier
Average distribution of top-abundant bacterial genera (more than 1% of total) of particulate matter collectedduring Saharan intrusion (SH), in the four different groups of samples (clean snow, Saharan-impacted snow,melting water from the glacier and source water)
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Impact of Saharan Dust Intrusions on the
Bacterial Diversity of the Glacier
Genus SH Clean SnowSH-
impacted
Melting
Water
Source
Water
Hymenobacter 3,99% 6,02% 19,64% 1,17% 0,31%
Massilia 2,42% 1,19% 19,40% 0,99% 1,25%
Acinetobacter 1,23% 6,73% 11,03% 0,01% 1,44%
Pseudomonas 1,08% 0,23% 1,62% 1,04% 15,36%
Naxibacter 1,81% 3,40% 1,59% 7,51% 0,85%
Stenotrophomonas 6,98% 0,31% 1,41% 0,08% 0,21%
Acidovorax 7,78% 0,50% 1,08% 0,48% 2,21%
Streptophyta 3,38% 0,20% 1,05% 0,00% 0,24%
Sphingomonas 12,97% 0,34% 0,84% 0,23% 0,29%
Bacillus 2,30% 0,21% 0,81% 0,00% 0,02%
Adhaeribacter 3,14% 0,06% 0,58% 0,00% 0,02%
Geodermatophilus 0,75% 0,09% 0,58% 0,00% 0,00%
Microvirga 0,92% 0,05% 0,49% 0,00% 0,00%
Rubellimicrobium 1,05% 0,54% 0,47% 0,03% 0,00%
Domibacillus 1,74% 0,10% 0,29% 0,00% 0,00%
Phenylobacterium 1,32% 0,18% 0,28% 0,19% 0,12%
Staphylococcus 0,82% 0,04% 0,22% 0,00% 0,01%
Pontibacter 0,91% 0,01% 0,16% 0,00% 0,00%
Porphyrobacter 0,77% 0,03% 0,11% 0,08% 0,02%
Methylobacterium 2,79% 0,03% 0,10% 0,00% 0,06%
Dyadobacter 0,54% 0,02% 0,06% 0,00% 0,00%
Mycobacterium 0,75% 0,01% 0,05% 0,01% 0,06%
Pedobacter 1,06% 0,29% 0,04% 0,71% 0,07%
Rhizobium 0,76% 0,00% 0,02% 0,00% 0,00%
Clostridium XI 0,87% 0,00% 0,01% 0,00% 0,01%
Lactobacillus 0,89% 0,00% 0,01% 0,00% 0,01%
Pseudoxanthomonas 0,60% 0,00% 0,00% 0,01% 0,05%
27 bacterial populations
representing a “core”
dust microbiome
12 of these populations
are also abundant in the
SH-impacted snow
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Conclusions
• The striking differences observed between the bacterial communities
of the two groups of the snow samples, clearly indicated that Saharan
dust deposited in the Calderone glacier strongly impacted the bacterial
diversity inthe snow.
• Several of the bacterial populations that were enriched in the Saharan-
impacted snow were also abundant in PM collected during African
dust intrusions, confirming that these airborne, dust-carried bacteria
were able to colonize the glacier.
• Some of the deposited bacteria were also retrieved in the water from
the glacier, suggesting that the bacteria transported over the
Mediterranean from Sahara can have the potential to impact the entire
mountain environment.
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Acknowledgments
� Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia
e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia
Prof. D. Cappelletti, Dr. B. Moroni, Dr. C.
Petroselli, Dr. G. La Porta,
� Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali e
della Terra, Università di Milano Bicocca
Prof. A. Franzetti, Dr. I. Gandolfi
ELENA MONTALBANI