Upaya Tiongkok Menjadi Kekuatan Hegemoni di Kawasan Asia Tengah
Melalui SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization)
SKRIPSI
Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1
Disusun Oleh:
CINDI KORINASARI
201510360311166
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2019
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Kata Pengantar
حِيْمِ حْمَنِ الرَّ بِسْــــــــــــــــــمِ اللهِ الرَّ
Assalamualaikum Wr Wb
Alhamdulilah, puji syukur sebesar-besarnya kepada Allah SWT serta nabi
Muhammad SAW atas berkat dan hidah-Nya penulis mampu menyelesaikan tugas
wajib untuk syarat kelulusan yaitu skripsi yang berjudul : “Alasan Tiongkok
Menerima Bergabungnya India di SCO(Shanghai Cooperation Organization).
Skripsi ini dibuat untuk memenuhi syarat dalam memperoleh gelar sarjana
strata-1(S1) pada program studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial
dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Dimana dalam skripsi saya ini
masih jauh dari kata sempurna, akan tetapi diharapkan hasil dari penelitian ini
diharapkan berguna bagi para akademisi terutama bagi mahasiswa Ilmu Hubungan
Internasional, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Pertama, saya ucapkan terimakasih teruntuk kedua orang tua saya yaitu, bapak
Sujoko dan ibu Yuli Wahyu Triana yang telah mendidik dan membesarkan saya dan
atas semua kebaikan dan kesabaran yang tidak bisa saya ucapkan dengan kata-kata.
Terimakasih juga kepada adik saya Bilqis Aulia Az-zahra yang juga menjadi salah
satu semangat saya untuk menyelesaikan skripsi saya.
Kedua, saya ucapkan terimakasih kepada dosen pembimbing saya yaitu bapak
Dion Maulana Prasetya, M.Hub.Int dan bapak Haryo Prasodjo, MA. Saya ucapkan
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terimakasih banyak karena telah membimbing saya dengan sabar dan membantu saya
dalam menyelesaikan skripsi saya.
Ketiga, saya ucapkan terimakasih kepada teman-teman HI D, terkhusus Nadya
Fatma, Mandalia, Isty Fadha, Wahyuni, Rararosa, Rheza yang selalu memberi
semangat saya dan mensupport saya. Tidak ketinggalan teman saya Akrima fahma
yang telah mendukung saya menjadi lebih baik dan semua teman-teman saya yang
belum sempat saya sebutkan satu persatu.
Keempat, saya ucapkan terimakasih kepada keluarga besar BEM FISIP UMM
17/18 yang telah menerima saya sebagai anggota dan memberikan saya berbagai
pengalaman dalam kegiatan yang diadakan. Semoga semua anggota didalam
kepengurusan diberikan kesuksesan dan selalu dilindungi Allah SWT.
Wassalamualaikum Wr Wb
Malang, 20 Januari 2020
Penulis,
Cindi Korinasari
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MOTTO
“Diam adalah pengkhianatan terhadap fitrah kemanusiaan”
( Najammudin Khairur Rijal, S.IP., M.Hub.Int)
Lastly
Pressure is good for us
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DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................................. i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................................. ii
BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN ..................................................................................... iii
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ................................................................................... iv
ABSTRAKSI ...................................................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ vi
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................................... viii
MOTTO ............................................................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................................. xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................................... xv
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................................................ 5
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................... 5
1.3.1Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................................. 5
1.3.2Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................................... 5
1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu .................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Kerangka Teori dan Konsep ........................................................................................ 12
1.5.1 Teori Stabilitas Hegemoni ................................................................................ 12
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1.6 Metode Penelitian....................................................................................................... 16
1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian .................................................................................................. 16
1.6.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................................................ 17
1.6.4 Teknik Analisis Data ......................................................................................... 17
1.6.5 Ruang Lingkup .................................................................................................. 17
1.7 Argumen Dasar .......................................................................................................... 18
1.8 Sistematika Penulisan................................................................................................. 18
BAB II PEMBAHASAN
PERKEMBANGAN KERJASAMA TIONGKOK-INDIA ........................................... 21
2.1 Sejarah hubungan Tiongkok-India ................................................................................ 21
2.1.1 Dinamika hubungan Tiongkok-India pada masa Perang Dingin ......................... 21
2.1.2 Dinamika hubungan Tiongkok-India pasca Perang Dingin ................................. 26
2.2 Kepentingan Tiongkok dan Dinamika Tiongkok di Kawasan Asia Tengah................. 33
2.2.1 Adanya Militan di Propinsi Xinjiang ................................................................... 33
2.2.2 Perkembangan Politik oleh Politik Global ........................................................... 34
2.3 Sejarah terbentuknya Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) .............................. 35
2.3.1Sejarah berdirinya Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) ......................... 35
2.3.2Struktur Organisasi Internal Shangahai Cooperation Organization (SCO) ......... 45
2.3.3Hubungan Eksternal SCO : Fokus pada Kerjasama di Forum Internasional ........ 49
2.3.4Agenda SCO ......................................................................................................... 51
2.3.5India sebagai Observer dalam Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
tahun 2005 ........................................................................................................................... 57
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BAB III
UPAYA TIONGKOK MENJADI KEKUATAN HEGEMONI DI KAWASAN
ASIA TENGAH MELALUI SCO.................................................................................... 62
3.1 Membentuk dan Memelihara Rejim Perdagangan ........................................................ 62
3.1.1 Upaya Tiongkok dalam menciptakan rejim perdagangan .................................... 62
3.1.2 Bergabungnya India ke dalam SCO sebagai sarana jembatan proyek BRI
Tiongkok ............................................................................................................................. 81
3.2 Pemberi Pinjaman untuk Mencegah Krisis Financial ................................................... 87
3.2.1 India sebagai pemegang saham terbesar di Asian Infrastructure and
Investment Bank (AIIB) ...................................................................................................... 87
BAB IV. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN.......................................................................... 92
4.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................................... 92
4.2 Saran ............................................................................................................................. 95
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................................... 96
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1. Penelitian Terdahulu ............................................................................................ 11
Tabel 2. Sistematika Penulisan .......................................................................................... 19
Tabel 3. Organisasi Eksternal yang bekerjasama dengan SCO ......................................... 50
Tabel 4. Peran aktif RATS dalam mengorganisasi ekstradisi dan latihan militer
bersama anggota ................................................................................................................. 52
Tabel 5. Perdagangan antara Tiongkok dan anggota SCO di Asia Tengah ...................... 64
Tabel 6. Jenis Investasi Tiongkok ke Kazakhstan ............................................................ 73
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 The structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation ............................... 47
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DAFTAR SINGKATAN
AIIB Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank
AS Amerika Serikat
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nation
BARF Belt and Road Forum
BRI Belt Road Initiative
CCAP Connect Central Asia Policy
CITIC China International Trust Investment Corporation
CPNC China National Petroleum Company
CSTO Collective Security Treaty Organization
EEU European Economic Union
FDI Foreign Direct Investment
GDP Gross Domestic Product
IMF International Monetary Fund
IMU Islam Movement of Uzbekistan
ISI Inter Service Intelligence
KTT Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi
LET Lashkar-e Tayiba
LAC Line of Actual Control
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
NAM Non-Aligned Movement
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
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NEFA North East Frontier Agency
PBB Persatuan Bangsa-Bangsa
PDB Produk Domestic Bruto
SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization
TAR Tiongkok Autonomous Region
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
US$ United States Dollar
USD United State Dollar
USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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