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Use of Host Specific Fecal Indicator Bacteria Microbial Source Tracking to Iden�fy Contribu�ons to Bacterial
Impairments in Tidal Creeks along the Grand Strand, SC
J. Michael Trapp, Susan Libes, Amanda Sturgeon, and Erin J. Burge,
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Regional Background
The Grand Strand 15 Million Visitors / Year Blackwater River Systems Tidal Creeks # 303d Impaired Water Bodies
Regional Background
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Microbial Source Tracking Pathogen Contamina�on – What is it? – Where is it coming from? – Who is making it? – When is it occurring – How can we address it?
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Tiered Approach
Weight of Evidence
Microbial Source Tracking
Intensive sampling using standard FIB measurements;
Infrared thermography
Sanitary Survey
Iden�fica�on of impaired areas based on long-‐term monitoring
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Tradi�onal Culturing Methods
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EPA Rapid Methods
Quan�ta�ve Polymerase Chain Reac�on (qPCR)
16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) markers Method A targets Enterococcus Method B, targets Bacteroidales
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qPCR in Microbial Source Tracking
16S rRNA gene found in nearly all bacteria and Achaea Small changes in genes allow for iden�fica�on of hosts qPCR allows for quan�fica�on of specific host inputs
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PLANNING ASSISTANCE TO STATES PROJECT
Stormwater Management Planning: Development of a Pilot Inves�ga�ve Approach to Remediate Bacterial Source Impairments
along the Grand Strand
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Iden�fica�on of impaired areas based on long-‐term monitoring
SC-‐DHEC Sampling Sites
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Iden�fica�on of impaired areas based on long-‐term monitoring
h�p://bccmws.coastal.edu/enteroview/
501
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Murrells Inlet Several of the �dal creeks have chronically high FIBs. Targeted monitoring being conducted by volunteers. High FIBs seem to be everwhere. High fecal coliform concentra�ons are leading to shellfish closures.
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Sanitary Survey
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15
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ArcGIS Data Visualiza�on
Tools
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Weight of Evidence (FIBs)
FIB Rank Order Summary
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Weight of Evidence
WQ Parameter Rank Order Summary
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Weight of Evidence
Dis�lla�on of data by site to qualita�ve terms for management adap�on
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Summary Findings
Sources have been iden�fied as likely to be contribu�ng to the high and widespread levels of FIB, – Pets – especially dogs – Sewer line breaks and private sanitary sewer overflows
– Homeless – Other: birds (geese, ducks and gulls), horses, raccoon, and deer.
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Science to Management Recommended Remedia�on Strategies (Ac�on Plans)
-‐Science and Regulatory efforts -‐Outreach Educa�on -‐Land Use Planning
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Dog Waste Outreach Campaign
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Where is the need for research? Missing host (need for more host assays) Reliable sources of standards More data needed to interpret results False nega�ves or posi�ves (greater valida�on of assays and individual to individual variability)
Temporal variability in the host source signal Other sources of FIB (sediments)
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WildlifeHuman (BacHum)Dog (BacCan)Goose (CGO-1F)
“Universal (GenBac)
What we want our MST data to be
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What our MST data actually are
“Universal” (GenBac)
Human (BacHum)
Dog (BacCan)
Wildlife
Goose (CGO-‐1F)
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Thank you to our Partners