Download - Vertebrae
VertebraeVertebrae body (cbody (corpusorpus) )
extremitas cran. (convex) & caud. extremitas cran. (convex) & caud. (concave) discus intervertebralis, NO (concave) discus intervertebralis, NO synovial joints !synovial joints !
arch (arch (arcusarcus): 2x pediculus + lamina): 2x pediculus + lamina DORSAL! – orientationDORSAL! – orientation incisura cran. + caud. incisura cran. + caud. foramen foramen
intervertebraleintervertebrale
(for. vertebrale laterale)(for. vertebrale laterale) processes (processes (processusprocessus))
proc. spinosus, transversus, articularisproc. spinosus, transversus, articularis proc. mamillaris (+cran. artic.), accessoriusproc. mamillaris (+cran. artic.), accessorius
cervical vertebraecervical vertebrae
mobility mobility
body very convex + concavebody very convex + concave
articular surfaces very largearticular surfaces very large
- proc. transv. - proc. transv. tuberculum dors. + tuberculum dors. + ventr.ventr.
- for. transversarium? (cervical only)- for. transversarium? (cervical only)
cervical vertebrae, C1cervical vertebrae, C1
C1 – atlas, nodding movementC1 – atlas, nodding movement body body massa lat.massa lat., proc. transv. , proc. transv. wing ( wing (ala ala
atlantisatlantis), no proc. articularis, proc. spinosus ), no proc. articularis, proc. spinosus tuberculumtuberculum
cran.: deep excavation for condylus occipitaliscran.: deep excavation for condylus occipitalis ventral: excavation: fossa alarisventral: excavation: fossa alaris foramina (foramina (interspec. diff.interspec. diff.))
for. alare for. alare fossa alaris fossa alaris
for. vertebrale lat. (MED!) for. vertebrale lat. (MED!) canalis vertebralis canalis vertebralis
for. transversarium for. transversarium perforates proc. transv. perforates proc. transv.
cervical vertebraecervical vertebrae
C2 – axis, rotatory movementC2 – axis, rotatory movement cran. projection: cran. projection: dens axis dens axis
interspec. diff.interspec. diff.: shape of dens: shape of dens
fac. articul. cran.fac. articul. cran.
proc. spinosusproc. spinosus
C6 – tuberculum ventr.C6 – tuberculum ventr. lamina ventralis lamina ventralis C7 – caud: attachment of 1C7 – caud: attachment of 1stst rib, NO for. rib, NO for.
transv.transv.
thoracic vertebraethoracic vertebrae
attachment of ribs (small proc. transv.)attachment of ribs (small proc. transv.)
- on body: fovea costalis cran. + caud. - on body: fovea costalis cran. + caud.
head of ribhead of rib
- on proc. transv.: fovea costalis proc. - on proc. transv.: fovea costalis proc. transv.transv.
tubercle of ribtubercle of rib
high proc. spinosushigh proc. spinosus
lumbar vertebrae: large proc. transversuslumbar vertebrae: large proc. transversus interspec. diff.interspec. diff.: direction of proc. transv.: direction of proc. transv.
proc. spinosus: ratio (high)proc. spinosus: ratio (high)
sacral vertebrae: fused to form the sacrumsacral vertebrae: fused to form the sacrum
proc. transv. proc. transv. ala ossis sacri ala ossis sacri
(facies auricularis – hip bone)(facies auricularis – hip bone) interspec. diff.interspec. diff.: position of wing, shape of bone, : position of wing, shape of bone,
direction of auricular surface, direction of auricular surface,
fusion of procc. spinosi + fusion of procc. spinosi + articul.articul.
caudal vertebrae: reduction of processescaudal vertebrae: reduction of processes
ribs prox.: ribs prox.: - head (head (caputcaput) ) body of vertebrae body of vertebrae- neck (neck (collumcollum))- tubercle (tubercle (tuberculumtuberculum) ) proc. proc.
transversustransversus
directed caudally! directed caudally! R/L? R/L?- sulcus muscularis (craniolat.: expand sulcus muscularis (craniolat.: expand
thorax thorax during during respiration)respiration)
- sulcus costae (vessels + nerv: sulcus costae (vessels + nerv: caudomed., caudomed., protected) protected)
sternumsternum- cran.: manubriumcran.: manubrium- body (body (corpuscorpus))- caud.: proc. xiphoideuscaud.: proc. xiphoideus
interspec. diff.interspec. diff.: shape : shape
(Eq: crista ventralis (Eq: crista ventralis sterni) sterni)