Download - What is p-value?
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![Page 1: What is p-value?](https://reader038.vdocuments.pub/reader038/viewer/2022100509/568bd4d91a28ab20349648d6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
p值到底是什麼?
![Page 2: What is p-value?](https://reader038.vdocuments.pub/reader038/viewer/2022100509/568bd4d91a28ab20349648d6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
證據的證據力
愈小愈有利研究假設。
![Page 3: What is p-value?](https://reader038.vdocuments.pub/reader038/viewer/2022100509/568bd4d91a28ab20349648d6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
不利虛無假設的機率:左尾
定統計量觀察值與虛無假設所陳述之情況,
「$H_0 : p \ge 0.5$」背道而馳。
意味著「一開始撲向綠麵包的母鴨總數小於5」。
![Page 4: What is p-value?](https://reader038.vdocuments.pub/reader038/viewer/2022100509/568bd4d91a28ab20349648d6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
可能觀察到幾隻母鴨走向綠麵包?
![Page 5: What is p-value?](https://reader038.vdocuments.pub/reader038/viewer/2022100509/568bd4d91a28ab20349648d6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
不利虛無假設的機率:右尾
檢定統計量觀察值與虛無假設所陳述之情況,
「$H_0 : p \le 0.5$」背道而馳。
意味著「一開始撲向綠麵包的母鴨總數大於5」。
![Page 6: What is p-value?](https://reader038.vdocuments.pub/reader038/viewer/2022100509/568bd4d91a28ab20349648d6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
可能觀察到幾隻母鴨走向綠麵包?
![Page 7: What is p-value?](https://reader038.vdocuments.pub/reader038/viewer/2022100509/568bd4d91a28ab20349648d6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
不利虛無假設的機率:雙尾
檢定統計量觀察值與虛無假設所陳述之情況,
「$H_0 : p = 0.5$」背道而馳。
意味著「一開始撲向綠麵包的母鴨總數不等於
5」。
![Page 8: What is p-value?](https://reader038.vdocuments.pub/reader038/viewer/2022100509/568bd4d91a28ab20349648d6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
可能觀察到幾隻母鴨走向綠麵包?
![Page 9: What is p-value?](https://reader038.vdocuments.pub/reader038/viewer/2022100509/568bd4d91a28ab20349648d6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
看到比現在手邊的證據更不利虛無假設
的機率
![Page 10: What is p-value?](https://reader038.vdocuments.pub/reader038/viewer/2022100509/568bd4d91a28ab20349648d6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
看到比現在檢定統計量(觀察值)更極端
(往不利虛無假設的方向走,也就是往研
究假設的方向走)的機率。
![Page 11: What is p-value?](https://reader038.vdocuments.pub/reader038/viewer/2022100509/568bd4d91a28ab20349648d6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
左尾檢定的機率式子
![Page 12: What is p-value?](https://reader038.vdocuments.pub/reader038/viewer/2022100509/568bd4d91a28ab20349648d6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
右尾檢定的機率式子
![Page 13: What is p-value?](https://reader038.vdocuments.pub/reader038/viewer/2022100509/568bd4d91a28ab20349648d6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
雙尾檢定的機率式子