Wind Turbine Technology Wind Turbine Technology & Taiwan Current Installation& Taiwan Current Installation
By J. Huang/VTC -06/Oct/2008
Speaker brief introduction黃宏基
Vestech Taiwan Corp. 總經理
Wind Power Experiences:
1. Representing Vestas since 1990
2. Project experiences: - 台朔(FHI) : 麥寮風力示範系統 - 2001- 正隆(CLC): 春風風力示範系統 - 2002- 台電(TPC): 金山石門風力電場 - 2004- 台電(TPC): 彰工(II)風力電場 - 2006- 台電(TPC): 麥寮風力電場 - 2007 ~2008- 台電(TPC): 四湖&林口風力電場 - 2008 ~2009- 台電(TPC): 彰工(II)大潭&金門風力電場 - 2008 ~2009
學歷: 東吳大學物理系1977畢業
Modern Wind Turbine Technology
Vestas Wind Turbine Development
Construction of V80-2.0 MW turbine
Nacelle61 t
TransformerGenerator
Rotor34 t
Tower60 m/140 t67 m/158 t78 m/203 t(IEC IA weights)
GearboxHub
Technical layout1. Hub controller2. Pitch cylinder3. Blade hub4. Main shaft5. Oil cooler6. Gearbox7. Parking brake8. Service crane9. VMP-Top controller
with converter10. Ultra-sonic sensors11. Transformer12. Blade13. Blade bearing14. Rotor lock system15. Hydraulic unit16. Machine foundation17. Yaw gears18. Composite disc coupling19. OptiSpeed™-generator20. Generator cooler
Vestas V80-2MW
Vestas V90-3MW
V80, 2.0 MWWind class: IEC Iav 10 min. avg. < 10. m/sv 10 min. ext. < 50 m/sv 3 sec. survival < 70 m/sTurbulence intensity of 18 %Climate versionsStandard -20º C to +30º CHigh Temp. -20º C to +40º COffshore PackageHub heights60 m, 67 m, and 78 m
Design criteria for Vestas V80-2MW
台電台中港區Zephyros-2MW風機不敵薔蜜颱風瞬間陣風倒塌 (註: Zephyros已由日本Harakosan購併)(陳世宗攝)
VCS Variable speed control system OptiSpeed
AC, f = constant,n = semi - variabel
Line couplingtransformer
Generator sideconverter
grid sideconverter
Asynchronousgeneratorwith slip rings
Gearbox Brake
Pitch driveRotor bearing
Main circuit breaker
Convertercontrol
Windturbinecontrol
Medium voltageSwitch gear
Variable speed system OptiSpeed:• Vestas Converter System (VCS) is the standard pitch variable speed system where the
energy from the rotor is send through the converter and used.• Variable speed (dynamic slip range)• Active + reactive power control
Rotor• Accumulators rotate blades
safely to the stop position -in case of complete loss ofgrid or critical turbine fault
• The OptiTip© ensures thatthe blades are always inthe optimal position.
• A sealed fibreglass spinnerprotects the hub
• Service is done from withinthe hub.
Blades, V80
• The 39 m. blade is supplied by Vestas own blade factories.• The blade materials is epoxy, and glass fibre, and therebyusing experiences made in the earlier blades in Vestasproduct portfolio• Lightning protection receptors and with down-conductorswithin blade design
Hub, V80
Cast iron from Vestasowned foundry (windcast)
The hub is machined byVestas own factory in Lem,Denmark.
Hydraulic power unit fromPMC techniques.
Brake system on V80
• Aerodynamic brake:– Full blade pitch– Each blade canindependently turn intobraking position– One blade in brakingposition is sufficient to stopthe turbine• Mechanical brake:– Hydraulic disc brake onhigh speed shaft of maingear, this is only used asparking brake.
Drive train
Main shaft• Main shaft is forged, hollowtrumpet shaft.• All operating loads aretransmitted to base frame andtower
Gearbox, V80
The main gear transmits torque and revolutions from the rotorto the generator.The main gear consists of a planetary gearbox combined witha two stage parallel gearbox, and a toothed couplingtransmitting the torque from the planetary stage to the two stageparallel gearbox.Two torque arms are supporting the gearbox, and vibrationsand dampers, situated between the torque arms and the mainframe, absorb oscillations.Finally torque is transmitted from the high-speed shaft to thegenerator via a flexible composite coupling, located right afterthe disc brake. The disc brake is mounted directly on the high speed shaft.
Generator
Asynchronous with wound rotor, slip rings and VCS The generator is an air-cooled fully enclosed
generator Designed and built specifically for wind turbine
applications
Generator
Yaw system
Function:Keeps the nacelle in position on top of the tower. Enablesthe nacelle to rotate on the tower. The yaw bearingsystem acts as a slide bearing between nacelle andtower. The system transmits the forces from the turbineto the tower.Principle:PETP slide plates on the machine foundation are slidingon a large yaw ring. Cast claws also with integratedspring loaded PETP friction and slide discs secure thenacelle to the tower.
Tower
Platforms, ladders and safety harnessesdesigned according to relevantstandards
Safe working environment for servicepersonal
Liquid tower damper Sand filled chamber for structural noise
damping
Controller• Supervision / control:• Active power• Reactive power• Yawing• Hydraulic• Environment (Wind, temperature)• Rotation• Generator• Pitch system• Grid• Remote monitoring, possible of
connection of serial communication• Information• Operating data• Production• Operation log• Alarm log
Current WTG Installation In Taiwan Vestas Market Share – Worldwide Vestas Market Share - Taiwan
Current WTG Installation in Taiwan
8
1
2.1, 2.2
4
5
16.1, 16.2
177
13.2
3
13.1
12
15
1. Xin-shen金山2.1,2.2. Tao-Yuan Datan(I),
Guan-yen桃園大谭, 觀音
3. Hsin-chu竹北4. Xianshan新竹香山5. Taichung台中港.台中電廠6. Chang-Kong(I)彰工7. Yunlin Mai-liao(I)雲林麥寮8. Lin-Kou林口9. Suhu四湖10. Peng-Hu澎湖11.1 South Hsin-chu 竹南11.2 Ho-Long 苗栗後龍12. Chang-Kong彰工(I)13.1 Chang-Kong彰工(II) 13.2 Mai-liao(II)麥寮13.3 Kin-men (II) 金門14. Mai-liao 麥寮15. Da-eng大安16.1, 16.2 Changhwa Wangkong (I),
(II)彰化王功17.Changhwa Yungshing彰化永興18. Peng-Dong Chechen屏東車城19. Tao-Yuan Luju 桃園蘆竹20. Offshore projects彰化王宮外海
13.3
10
6
9
11.111.2
18
19
20
14
Asia Pacific Share of World Market –Installed MW
Global Installation (2005) = 11407MW
ASPRegion,2320,
20.34%
Rest of theworld,9087,
79.66%
Global Installation (2006) = 15197MW
ASPRegion,3791,
24.95%
Rest of theworld,11406,75.05%
Asia Pacific Share in the global wind markets is consistently increasing
Source: Emerging Energy Research, December 2006
Others21.1%
Suzlon3.6%
GE Wind13.0%
Gamesa13.8%
Enercon14.8%
33.7%
Market Share 2006 (mw) - Worldwide
Vestas leads
Number Model Capacity (MW)26.033 Other 13.5581.816 V52-850 kW 1.544
625 V80-1.8 MW 1.1251.578 V80-2.0 MW 3.156
203 V82-1.5 MW 305730 V82-1.65 MW 1.205382 V90-2.0 MW 764202 V90-3.0 MW 606
31,569 22,263
Installed Vestas turbinesby model by June 30th 2006
WTG Market Share in Taiwan10.40%
Harakosan(前
Zephyros)
2.84%Gamesa
41.17%Vestas37.43%
Enercon
8.16%GE
Vestas Sales Record - Taiwan
1. Linkuo (6 x V80-2MW)2. TLPM (2xV66-
1.75MW)
3. Changkong (23xV80-2Mw)
4. Suhu (14 x V80-2MW)5. Mai-Liao (15 x V80-
2MW)
6. FHI-Mia Liao (4xV47-660kw)
Site of 8,9&10: Under construction
Site of 1,2,3,4,5,6 &7: Completed
7. Nuclear #1 (6xV47-660KW)
8. Changkong (II)(8 x V80-2MW)
9. Mai-Liao (II)(8 x V80-2MW)
10. Kinmen(2 x V80-MW)
Vestas台灣裝機實績
台朔麥寮案V47-660KW
4 座
正隆春風電力V66-1.75MW
2座
台電核一廠V47-660KW
6 座
TPC Chang-Kong Wind FarmVestas V80-2MW (67 m tower)
TPC Lun-Wei Site TPC Shen-Shi Site
Vestas 裝機中案件
• 台電: 麥寮風力電場 - 2007 ~2008V80-2MW x 15 sets
• 台電: 四湖&林口風力電場 - 2008 ~2009V80-2MW x 20 sets
• 台電: 彰工(II)大潭&金門風力電場 - 2008 ~2009V80-2MW x 18 sets
Wind Turbine Erection(Onshore-岸上風力發電廠)
1.Erection preparation 2.Erection tools.3.Erection procedure..
Erection preparation
1. Soil exchange.2. Crane setup.3. Tools preparation.4. Power generator (240/690V).5. Survey for the surface of tower foundation
(level flatness: not >2mm).
Erection tools1. Impact Gun.2. Hydraulic pump & wrench.3. Sikaflex. ( Tower and nose cone)4. Hand tools.
Erection procedure
1. Switchgear / bottom controller2. Bottom section of tower3. Service lift4. Meddle section of tower5. Nacelle preparation6. Top section of tower and nacelle7. Rotor assembly8. Rotor erection9. 100% tighten all the bolts10.Cabling11.Punch list before commissioning12.Start up procedure
Switchgear / Bottom controller / Service lift
Switchgear Bottom controller
Service lift installation
Bottom tower
1. Turn bottom tower vertical by two cranes2. Pay attention to the wire, never twist.
Middle Tower Section Eerection
Nacelle preparation
Ultrasonic wind sensor installed
Customer logo
Aviation light installed
Cabling Inside Nacelle
Top section and Nacelle erection
Rotor assembly
Install blade bolts
Insert blades and tighten bolts
Install lifting device
Rotor Erection
Cabling
Punch list and Start up procedureErection finished
Automatic check
Punch list
Default process
Power on site
Start up procedure
1. 世界風能發電現況&未來發展
Offshore Wind Power離岸風力發電
Project Executionfor Offshore wind farm
Project Preparation (Design basis)
Metocean Data• wave distribution• wave rose• current• current rose• tidal range• water depths• storm surge• marine growth• ice• extreme wave• extreme current
Soil Conditions• mechanical properties of soil• and their range of stratum
Wind Climate• wind distribution• wind rose• turbulence• wind shear• extreme wind
Project PreparationPlanning:
Risk Register Living
document Identify
possible risks Mitigate Price
Project Plans Project
Execution Plan
Method Statements
QA Plan HSE Plan
Interfaces: Transformer station/Onshore
Cables Onshore Cables / Offshore
Cables Offshore Cables / Foundation Offshore Cables / Turbine
Installation Foundation / Turbine
Installation Offshore Cables / Connection to
Switch gear Turbine Installation /
Energization And many more
Foundations
Design pre-sale:Foundations:Choose concept
3 basic types: monopile, tripod, gravity based
Foundation
Offshore Installation (Foundations):
One way of transporting the fundation piles and transition pieces to site
Foundation
Offshore Installation (Foundations):
Pile and transition pieces stored on board the vessel
Foundation
Offshore Installation (Foundations):
Pile hammered into the seabed.
Installation time app. 2 to 4 hours
Foundation
Offshore Installation (Foundations):
In hard soil conditions is a hammer/drill method the preferred pile installation method.
Foundation
Offshore Installation (Foundations):
Scour Protection (rock dumping) Before pile installation After pile installation
Foundation
Installation:Offshore Installation (Foundations):
24/7 operations.
Working hours
Electrical parts
Offshore Wind FarmElectrical parts Grid Connection
Point
Grid requirements
Onshore or Offshore Substation(s)
Switchgears and transformer in WTG
Offshore Wind Park - Grid layout of the park
- OWEZ 36 x V90-3.0MW
Offshore Wind FarmElectrical parts
Grid Connection Point
Onshore or Offshore Substation
On the HV side (161 kV) or on MV side (33 kV)
Offshore Wind FarmElectrical parts
Grid requirements Voltage variations Frequency variations Reactive power
capability Flicker emission
from WTG Voltage control Frequency response Fault Ride Through
Offshore Wind FarmElectrical partsOnshore or Offshore
Substation(s) No. of Substations Transformer type, one
or two step up transformers
HV Switchgears types Earthing system Electrical equipments as
SVC, Statcom system or alike
No of strings – max 10 WTGs per string
Offshore Wind FarmElectrical partsMarking and
IdentificationCountry specific requirements Foundation in RAL 1023 Marine Lantern system Foghorn system Aviation/obstruction lights Radar reflectors Numbers
Offshore Wind FarmComponents – Transformer Platform
Foundation Often similar to turbine
foundations Specially designed
secondary structures Installation as for
turbine foundations
Topside One unit or modulised Weight – topside
- for Offshore Wind ParkQ7 - 120 MW- 500 tons
Installation Wind Turbines Grid
Offshore Wind Park OWEZ 36 x V90-3.0MW
Grid
Grid
Offshore Wind Farm in Taiwan Potential
Wind resource in Taiwan: Very Good Taiwan Market potential up to 2,000MW
Risks Offshore wind farm erection is very risky and the erection
and operation costs could be under-estimated due to very limited experiences.
Government Policy needed PPA (Power Purchase Price) must be increased to a
reasonable level. Employ experienced international consultants and
engineering companies to work with local companies to avoid improper government policy, study and basic design.
End of Presentation
Thank You