Download - Znaky v systematice
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Znaky v systematiceZnaky v systematiceZnaky v systematiceZnaky v systematice
Morfologie- charakter květenství (uzavřená, otevřená)- charakter plodu, semen- typ gynecea
Anatomie- perforace cév (schodovité, jednoduché)- plastidy sítkovic (S-typ, P-typ)- nodální anatomie (listové stopy, lakuny)
Embryologie- charakter vajíčka (postavení, počet obalů) Palynologie- počet apertur
Sekundární metabolity- alkaloidy, anthokyany, glykosidy, terpenoidy
Sekvenace- rRNA, rbcL, atpB
- vznik: svrchní jura (140 mil. let)- expanze: křída
- kladistické analýzy (morfologie, rRNA, rbcL, atpB)
Taxony:- monofyletické- parafyletické- polyfyletické
Ne: jednoděložné (monofyletické)x
dvouděložné (parafyletické)
- cca 234 000 druhů, cca 460 čeledí
- květní vzorec
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MagnoliophytaMagnoliophytaMagnoliophytaMagnoliophyta
- trikolpátní pyl, sekvence
- éterické oleje- schodovité perforace cév- květy: pravidelné, volné, nevyvinutá čnělka, prodloužená blizna- pyl monosultátní- semena: drobné embryo, bohatý endosperm
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MagnoliophytaMagnoliophytaMagnoliophytaMagnoliophyta
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AmborellaceaeAmborellaceaeAmborellaceaeAmborellaceae
Amborella trichopoda
♂ * P 5-8 A ∞ (cca 30-100)♀ * P 5-8 G 5-6
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NymphaeaceaeNymphaeaceaeNymphaeaceaeNymphaeaceae
- roztroušené cévní svazky- chybí kambium- adventivní kořeny- mléčnice, alkaloidy, chybí éterické oleje- semena: perisperm- 8 / 70
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NymphaeaceaeNymphaeaceaeNymphaeaceaeNymphaeaceae
Nymphaea candidaNymphaea alba
Nymphaea colorata
Victoria regia
♀,♂ * K4-5 C∞ A∞ G∞
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Nuphar luteaNuphar pumila
NymphaeaceaeNymphaeaceaeNymphaeaceaeNymphaeaceae
♀,♂ * P 5 A∞ G∞
Podčeledi:Euryaloideae (Euryale, Victoria)- ostny na řapících a spodu listů
Barclaya (Barclaya)- srostlé okvětí
„Nymphaeoideae“ (Nymphaea, Nuphar, Ondinea)
(Cabombaceae)- Cabomba, Brasenia- plovoucí lodyhy, volné G
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AustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyales
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AustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyales, Austrobaileyaceae, AustrobaileyaceaeAustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyales, Austrobaileyaceae, Austrobaileyaceae
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AustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyales, Schisandraceae, SchisandraceaeAustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyales, Schisandraceae, Schisandraceae
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AustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyales, Illiciaceae, IlliciaceaeAustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyales, Illiciaceae, Illiciaceae
♀♂ * P∞ A∞ G∞ Illicium verum
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AustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyales, Trimeniaceae, TrimeniaceaeAustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyales, Trimeniaceae, Trimeniaceae
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ChloranthaceaeChloranthaceaeChloranthaceaeChloranthaceae
Chloranthus spicata Hedyosmum racemosum
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MagnoliidaeMagnoliidaeMagnoliidaeMagnoliidae
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CanellalesCanellalesCanellalesCanellales
Čeledi:CanellaceaeWinteraceae
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CanellalesCanellales, Canellaceae, CanellaceaeCanellalesCanellales, Canellaceae, Canellaceae
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CanellalesCanellales, Winteraceae, WinteraceaeCanellalesCanellales, Winteraceae, Winteraceae
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PiperalesPiperalesPiperalesPiperales
Čeledi:PiperaceaeAristolochiaceaeSaururaceaeHydnoraceaeLactoridaceae
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PiperalesPiperales, Piperaceae, PiperaceaePiperalesPiperales, Piperaceae, Piperaceae
- cévní svazky v několika prstencích nebo roztroušené- cévy s jednoduchou perforací- éterické oleje, často alkaloidy- 6 / 2000
ǒ x P0 A1-10 G(1-4)
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PiperalesPiperales, Piperaceae, PiperaceaePiperalesPiperales, Piperaceae, Piperaceae
Piper nigrumP. betle Peperomia
nejodvozenější:G1, A2, 16-jaderný samičí gametofyt, vajíčka 1-obalná, velmi malý pyl bez apertur
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PiperalesPiperales, Aristolochiaceae, AristolochiaceaePiperalesPiperales, Aristolochiaceae, Aristolochiaceae
- aristolochová kys., často alkaloidy- plastidy sítkovic P-typu (podobné jednoděložným)- pyl bez apertur- 7 / 450
ǒ ↓/* K(3) [A6-12 G(4-6)]
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PiperalesPiperales, Aristolochiaceae, AristolochiaceaePiperalesPiperales, Aristolochiaceae, Aristolochiaceae
Aristolochia clematitis
Zerynthia polyxena
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PiperalesPiperales, Aristolochiaceae, AristolochiaceaePiperalesPiperales, Aristolochiaceae, Aristolochiaceae
Aristolochia lindneri
Aristolochia littoralisAristolochia arborea
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PiperalesPiperales, Aristolochiaceae, AristolochiaceaePiperalesPiperales, Aristolochiaceae, Aristolochiaceae
Asarum europaeum
Asarum caudatum Saruma
- A ± volné
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PiperalesPiperales, Saururaceae, SaururaceaePiperalesPiperales, Saururaceae, Saururaceae
- G: volné- 4 / 6
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PiperalesPiperales, Hydnoraceae, HydnoraceaePiperalesPiperales, Hydnoraceae, Hydnoraceae
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PiperalesPiperales, Lactoridaceae, LactoridaceaePiperalesPiperales, Lactoridaceae, Lactoridaceae
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LauralesLauralesLauralesLaurales
- unilakulární nody- receptakulum- pyl se skulpturovanými aperturami- 7 / 3 000
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LauralesLaurales, Calycanthaceae, CalycanthaceaeLauralesLaurales, Calycanthaceae, Calycanthaceae
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LauralesLaurales, Siparunaceae, SiparunaceaeLauralesLaurales, Siparunaceae, Siparunaceae
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LauralesLaurales, Gomortegaceae, GomortegaceaeLauralesLaurales, Gomortegaceae, Gomortegaceae
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LauralesLaurales, Atherospermataceae, AtherospermataceaeLauralesLaurales, Atherospermataceae, Atherospermataceae
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LauralesLaurales, Monimiaceae, MonimiaceaeLauralesLaurales, Monimiaceae, Monimiaceae
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LauralesLaurales, Hernandiaceae, HernandiaceaeLauralesLaurales, Hernandiaceae, Hernandiaceae
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LauralesLaurales, Lauraceae, LauraceaeLauralesLaurales, Lauraceae, Lauraceae
ǒ * P(6 A3-12 G1
- alkaloidy benzyl-izochinolinového typu, éterické oleje, taniny- pyl často dimorfní, bez apertur, s osténky- velké dělohy (chybí endosperm)
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LauralesLaurales, Lauraceae, LauraceaeLauralesLaurales, Lauraceae, Lauraceae
Persea americana
Laurus nobilis
Laurus azorica
Cinnamomum cassiaC. zeylanicumC. camphora
OcoteaSasafras
A + B květy
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LauralesLaurales, Lauraceae, LauraceaeLauralesLaurales, Lauraceae, Lauraceae
Cassytha filiformis
Cassythoideae
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MagnolialesMagnolialesMagnolialesMagnoliales
- 2-řadé listy, 3-četná okvětí- člunkovitý pyl- dužnaté osemení či semena s arillem- sítkovice P-typu (proteinové krystaly + škrobová zrna)- 6 / 2 840
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MagnolialesMagnoliales, Myristicaceae, MyristicaceaeMagnolialesMagnoliales, Myristicaceae, Myristicaceae
Myristica fragrans
ǒ * K(3) A3-30 G1
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MagnolialesMagnoliales, Magnoliaceae, MagnoliaceaeMagnolialesMagnoliales, Magnoliaceae, Magnoliaceae
ǒ * P∞ A∞ G∞
- multilakunární nody- alkaloidy benzyl-izochinolinového typu, éterické oleje
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MagnolialesMagnoliales, Magnoliaceae, MagnoliaceaeMagnolialesMagnoliales, Magnoliaceae, Magnoliaceae
Magnolia x soulangeana
Magnolia grandiflora
Magnolia liliiflora
Michelia alba
- měchýřky (otevírají se břišním švem)
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MagnolialesMagnoliales, Magnoliaceae, MagnoliaceaeMagnolialesMagnoliales, Magnoliaceae, Magnoliaceae
Liriodendron tulipifera - laločnaté listy- krátká blizna- nažka (tenké, suché osemení)
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MagnolialesMagnoliales, Degeneriaceae, DegeneriaceaeMagnolialesMagnoliales, Degeneriaceae, Degeneriaceae
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MagnolialesMagnoliales, Himantandraceae, HimantandraceaeMagnolialesMagnoliales, Himantandraceae, Himantandraceae
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MagnolialesMagnoliales, Eupomatiaceae, EupomatiaceaeMagnolialesMagnoliales, Eupomatiaceae, Eupomatiaceae
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MagnolialesMagnoliales, Annonaceae, AnnonaceaeMagnolialesMagnoliales, Annonaceae, Annonaceae
ǒ * K3,6 C3,6 A∞ G∞
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MagnolialesMagnoliales, Annonaceae, AnnonaceaeMagnolialesMagnoliales, Annonaceae, Annonaceae
Annona cherimoya Monodora myristica
Artabotrys uncinnatus