2. Solar-cell Technologies

• Materials

• Technologies

• Market shares and development

Zum Original: http://www0.fh-trier.de/~molter/clemson/PV-en.ppt

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Ich benutze nur die Folien des Abschnittes 2.1 „Materials“ .

Ich empfehle aber den gesamten Vortrag von Dr. Molter:

Zum Original: http://www0.fh-trier.de/~molter/clemson/PV-en.ppt

MaterialsDefinition of semiconductor: This is a matter of electron configuration

Extract of periodic table:

Si14

Silicon (Si)

Ge32

Germanium (Ge)

Ga31

As33

Gallium-Arsenide (GaAs)

Cd48

Te52

Cadmium-Telluride (CdTe) P

15

In49

Indium-Phosphorus (InP)

Al13

Sb

51

Aluminium-Antimon (AlSb)

Copper, Indium, Gallium, Selenide (CIS)

Cu29

Se34

In49

Ga31

IIB IIIB IVB VB VIBIB

Efficiency of different solar cells(Theory / Laboratory)

Arguments for different technologies

• Potentially high efficiency

• Availability of material

• Low material price

• Potentially low manufacturing costs

• Stability of characteristics for many years

• Environment friendly and non toxic Materials and manufacturing process

+ Mass production efficiency between 15 - 18% (>23% in laboratory)

– A lot of raw material needed– Raw silicon costs are strongly varying in time+ Well known production process, but consumes much

energy, optimization by EFG and band-Technology+ Very good long term stability+ material almost pollution free+ Second place in market shares

Evaluation of mono-crystalline Silicon:

Evaluation of multi-crystalline Silicon:

+ Mass production efficiency between 12 - 14%– A lot of raw material needed– Raw silicon costs are strongly varying in time+ Well known production process, consumes less

energy than mono-Si+ very good long term stability+ material almost pollution free+ First place in market shares

Evaluation of amorphous Silicon (a-Si):

– Mass production efficiency only 6 – 8%+ Thin-Film Technology (<1µm), only few

raw material needed+ Well known production process, consumes

far less energy than crystalline Silicon+ large area modules can be manufactured in one step– long term stability only for efficiency between 4 – 6%+ material almost pollution free

+ Mass production efficiency 11 – 14%+ Thin-Film Technology (<1µm), only few raw material

needed+ large area modules can be manufactured in one step+ good long term stability – raw material not pollution free (Se, small quantity of

Cd)

Evaluation of Copper, Indium, Diselenide (CIS)

+ Mass production efficiency up to 18%– some raw materials are rather rare– raw material very expensive– some production processes not suited for mass

production– long term stability not well known– raw material not pollution free (esp. As, Cd)

Evaluation of GaAs, CdTe and others