Dr Muhannad Amer

املطلوب من الطالب *إجراء البحوث الميدانية ذات العالقة.

*إكتساب المهارات األدائية والمهارات البحثية.

*ترجمة مقاالت أجنبية ذات عالقة بالتخصص وعرضها أمام الطلبة.

* اجراء بحوث اجرائية.

*تحليل مواقف ادارية.

* تلخيص كتاب او دراسة علمية او موضوع ما

Difference between Management and

Administration

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Key difference: Administration frames the objectives and policies of an organization. Management implements these policies and objectives.

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Management and administration are at times used interchangeably; however, they are two different levels of the organization. The administration is the top level of the organization with the decisive functions. They are responsible for determining the policies and objectives of the organization or the firm. Management, on the other hand is the middle level executive function. They implement the policies and objectives as decided by the administration.

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The administration includes the people who are either owners or partners of the firm. They usually contribute to the firm’s capital and earn profits or returns on their investment.

The main administrative function is handling the business aspects of the firm, such as finance.

Other administrative functions usually include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling and budgeting.

Administration must integrate leadership and vision, to organize the people and resources, in order to achieve common goals and objectives for the organization.

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Management usually incorporates the employees of the firm who use their skills for the firm in return for remuneration.

Management is responsible for carrying out the strategies of the administration.

Motivation is the key factor of a management. Management must motivate and handle the employees. It can be said that management is directly under the control of administration.

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Further comparison between management and administration

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Management Administration

Definition Art of getting things done through others by directing their efforts towards achievement of pre-determined goals.

Formulation of broad objectives, plans & policies.

Nature executing function, doing function

decision-making function, thinking function

Scope Decisions within the framework set by the administration.

Major decisions of an enterprise as a whole.

Level of authority Middle level activity Top level activity

Status Group of managerial personnel who use their specialized knowledge to fulfill the objectives of an enterprise.

Consists of owners who invest capital in and receive profits from an enterprise.

Usage Used in business enterprises. Popular with government, military, educational, and religious organizations.

Influence Decisions are influenced by the values, opinions, beliefs and decisions of the managers.

Influenced by public opinion, government policies, customs etc.

Main functions Motivating and controlling Planning and organizing

Abilities Handles the employees. Handles the business aspects such as finance.

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EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION

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Educational Administration It is the administration and/or management of

institutions designed to foster teaching and learning

These institutions include

public and private schools

technical education colleges

Special education institutions

public and private universities

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Educational Administration

So we can conclude that

there are certain unique aspects specific to Educational Administration, as the aims and objectives as well as the goals that are to be achieved are quite different from those of business and industrial organizations

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Educational Administration-Discipline

Educational Administration is a field of study, mainly, for those who are aspiring to be administrators or currently engaged as teachers and lecturers in schools and colleges or universities as well as for prospective teachers

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Educational Administration-Discipline

It is true that the teachers are aware of such problems and issues as decision-making, leadership and communication from the perspective of the classroom teacher and not as an administrator

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Educational Administration-cont The task of administration is to view these problems

and issues from a new perspective, that of an administrator who must see the organization as a whole, and not just as a teacher/lecturer in a classroom situation

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What is the Job of an Educational Administrator?

The basic purpose of educational administration is to enhance teaching and learning

administration serves an instrumental or supportive role and not a primary role

many administrative activities do not deal directly with students, the relationships of these activities to teaching and learning are not always apparent

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What is the Job of an Educational Administrator?

Because the total program of teaching and learning, whether in the more formal arena of a classroom or in the school as a whole, could be performed better when it is co-ordinated effectively by the principal

In short, principals must help shape a safe and positive environment by providing adequate facilities and resources, so that teaching and learning is fostered more effectively

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Functions of an Educational Administrator-cont

He been pointed out that educational administration has three fundamental functions

administering meaning

administering community

administering excellence

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Administering meaning

Administrators are expected to ensure that the schools are

able to provide opportunities for the students to discover meaning in their world – the meaning of nature, of human affairs, and human relationships enabling them to learn beyond memorizing superficial knowledge for success at examinations

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Administering meaning

Administering meaning demands that learning in the schools is grounded upon human concerns, is connected to the major cultural activities of the society, and is attuned to the realities of everyday life

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Administering Excellence

Administering excellence demands that the administrator promotes and encourages high quality performance in schools not only in terms of productivity, innovations or technical virtuosity but more so in terms of the students’ character and moulding him or her to be a useful citizen and a member of the society

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Administrator Role-other concept

Another way to view the functions of an organizational leader/manager, whether it is in a department, school, college, university, and an education authority or in an education system as a whole, is through the following categories:

Integrating the organizational resources in the most efficient and effective pursuit of its goals

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The Importance of the School Administration to Student Achievement

The school represents perhaps the most important institution in the child's life

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