Drought Management in Thailand

Wet Season, 2014Dry Season, 2014/15

Wet Season, 2015

Chao Phraya River Basin

Lerdphan SukyirunIrrigation Engineer Professional LevelOffice of Water Management and HydrologyRoyal Irrigation Department, Thailand

Water Management in Chao Phraya River basin, Wet Season 201401

Work Plan for Dry Season in 2014/201502

Outlines

Weather, Rainfall, and Volume of Water in Dams Forecast03

Water Allocation and Cultivation Plan in Wet Season 2015

04

Measure to Conduct the Risk Area 0.85 Million Rai05

Measure to Conduct Water Management in Chao Phraya River Basin

06

Scenario for Water Management

07

Outlines

1 Hectare (ha) = 0.01 Square Kilometer = 6.25 Rai

Water Management in Chao Phraya River Basin, Wet Season 2014

01

Downstream area of

Bhumibol and Sirikit

dams is the targeted area

for the plan cultivated in

irrigation area during wet

season 2014

9.94 Million Rai

In-season rice8.59 Million Rai

Crop 0.06 Million Rai

Sugar Cane 0.41 Million rai

Plant 0.46 Million Rai

Fish-Shrimp0.33 Million Rai

Other0.09 Million Rai

1 Hectare (ha) = 0.01 Square Kilometer = 6.25 Rai

Bhumibol DAM

Sirikit DAM

Keaw Noi Dam

Pasak Dam

Dams in Chao Phraya River Basin

Sustainable Water Management• Rainfall• Irrigation systems in the beginning of wet

season or lack of rainfall

Priorities for Water Allocation are :

Human Consumptiv

e Needs

EcologyAgriculture

Industry

1

2

3

4

Weather, Rainfall Forecast

There is a greater than 90% chance that El Niño will continue through Northern Hemisphere winter 2015-2016, and around an 80% chance it will last through early spring 2016.

Resource : Climate Prediction Center / NCEP, 10 August 2015

Volume of Water in Reservoir Forecast

Month

Volume of water (MCM), 1 Nov 2014 Actual value

at 1 Nov 2014Less water

caseAverage

water case

May 2014 6,598 10,399 6,777

How to reduce the scarcity of water?

RID has conduced 4 actions could reduce water scarcity :

1. Staffs and volunteers could be monitoring and exchanging rainfall-runoff data

2. Checking the risk areas as well as arrange pumping for water-stressed areas

and announce the situation to people

3. In cooperation with all water sectors has taken water use reduction

4. Water releasing from dams is necessary to control for water conservation due

to lacking of rainfall period

Total of water volume 4 dams, Chao Phraya River basinin wet season 2014• Water available, 1 May 2014 3,204 MCM• Inflow, 1 May- 31 Oct 2014 8,596 MCM• Released water for all activities 4,691 MCM

Total water available,1 November 2014 is 6,777 MCM that need to plan for water management in dry season 2014/2015 and for wet season 2015

Work Plan for Dry Season in 2014/201502

Forecast6,500 MCM

Water vailable of 4 dams

BhumibolSirikit

Keaw NoiPasak

Conservative water in wet season 2015 3,600 MCM

Consumptive needs/ Ecology and others2,500 MCM

Remaining water volume in the dam 400 MCM

Abstaining planting of off-season rice

6,500 MCM

Total volume of water remaining will be 400 MCM.

It can sustain for agriculture only crop requirement 0.82 Million Rai

Water Available of Major Dams :Bhumibol, Sirikit, Keaw Noi, and Pasak dams

1 Hectare (ha) = 0.01 Square Kilometer = 6.25 Rai

Forecast Actual

6,500 MCM 6,777 MCM

1 Nov 2014The committee determined water allocation

in dry season

Conservative water in

wet season 2015

3,600 MCM

The remaining water

volume in the main dam

2,900 MCM

Actual water releasing 4,113 MCM

that is more than 1,213 MCM

(41.8%) base on Plan of water

allocation

Weather, Rainfall, and volume of water in dams forecast

03

The committee for monitoring and analysis of

water situation has analyzed the amount of

rain would be lower than normal throughout

this rainy season due to the El Nino weather

phenomenon.

Source http://earth.nullschool.net/ 5 May 2015 10:00 pmAbove Figure Precipitable WaterBelow Figure Wind Power DensityAbove Figure show Thailand is blue color that mean rainfall is influenced on the wind waves in the Andaman seaข้�อมู�ล : ดร.เอกวิ ทย์� จรประด ษฐ์�

The simulation estimates the total water volume of main dams during Nov 2014 to Apr 2015

 Month forecast

Total water available of 4 dams (MCM), 1 May 2015

Less water case

Avg. water case

Actual value

November 2014

5,016 5,772 3,815

December 2014

5,136 5,584 3,815

January 2015

4,541 4,867 3,815

February 2015

4,106 4,253 3,815

March 2015

3,999 4,115 3,815

April 2015 3,843 3,884 3,815

Water allocation and cultivation Plan in wet season 2015

04

Measurement 1

changing in cropping calendar and time of water releasing

Started base on : June to August

Lift to : April to July

For avoiding the flood season

(Particularly, Lowland in Upper Chao Phraya Basin)

Forecast Water use for all activities

5,500 MCM

Consumptive needs667 MCM

Ecology

710 MCM

Agriculture4,123 MCM

Water Action Plan Released

Daily average water

released 53 MCM

During 12 May – 10 June,

Daily average water released 61 MCM

During 11 - 26 June,

Daily average water released

33 MCM

Daily average water

released 28 MCM

1 พ.ค.

4 พ.ค.

7 พ.ค.

10 พ.ค.

13 พ.ค.

16 พ.ค.

19 พ.ค.

22 พ.ค.

25 พ.ค.

28 พ.ค.

31 พ.ค.

3 มู .ย์.

6 มู .ย์.

9 มู .ย์.

12 มู .ย์.

15 มู .ย์.

18 มู .ย์.

21 มู .ย์.

24 มู .ย์.

27 มู .ย์.

30 มู .ย์.

3 ก.ค.

6 ก.ค.

9 ก.ค.

12 ก.ค.0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

การระบาย์น้ำ��าล��มูเจ�าพระย์า 2557 (MCM) การระบาย์น้ำ��าล��มูเจ�าพระย์า 2558 (MCM)Water released in CPY 2014 Water released in CPY 2015

Mil

lio

n c

ub

ic m

ete

r (M

CM

)

May June July

Rainfall is less than Avg. 10% Minimum rainfall

3,367 MCM 3,251 MCM

Rainfall is less than Avg. 10% Minimum rainfall

3,812 MCM 3,069 MCM

33 MCM/day

Condition for water management is total water available of 4 dams

could be 3,500 MCM in end of wet season

The simulation estimates the total water volume of 4 dams

28 MCM/day

Before announce a prohibition of off-season rice planting

9 June 2015

Grown off-season rice planting

3.44 Million rai

Delayed rice planting area

4.01 Million rai

Damage area 0.85 Million rai

Measure to Conduct the Risk Area 0.85 Million Rai05

1. Restricting access to water allocation with Administration and Security

Affairs Section

• Assign water management plan to each Regional Irrigation Offices

• Regional Irrigation Offices could designed timetable to distribute

water into sub-area

• Administration, Security Affairs Section, and the Agricultural

Extension Department come up with water timetable that meet rice

farmers to assign water management plan

Measure to Conduct the Risk Area 0.85 Million Rai05

2. Groundwater wells are seeking more water resources that is supported

from Department of Groundwater Resources

• Department of Groundwater Resources set the map of 380 observes

wells its cover farmland and 500 locations that is the drilling well’s plan

• Regional Irrigation Offices come up with farmers to assign the risk area

due to water shortage while the Groundwater Resources Department

will consider their suitability. As report, there is 1,038 wells.

Measure to conduct the risk area 0.85 Million rai05

3. Shallow-wells are seeking more water resources, the need farmers of

groundwater wells more than the drilling wells from Department of

Groundwater Resources. Hence, RID will consult The Agriculture and

Cooperatives Ministry to assured that it is well prepared to handle a

drought crisis.

Measure to Conduct the Risk Area 0.85 Million Rai

Measure to Conduct Water Management in Chao Phraya River Basin

06

1. The Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) seeks more raw water

resources in Bangkok and Metropolitans

2. Do not drainage residential sewage, livestock and industrial

discharge into the Chao Phraya River, Tha Chin, and other canals

3. Redesigned crop pattern, according to soil moisture and water

resources

4. More option for farmers to select a crop cultivation which require less

water

Scenario for Water management07

1. Cycle of water users in basin system is Upper farmland and lower farmland of Chao Phraya barrier.

• In Upper farmland started growing rice crop at 1 April, its will need

much water for producing grain period after that it can decrease of

water release, then harvested rice period in end of July

• In lower farmland started growing rice crop at 1 May, need maximum

water use in July

Scenario for Water management07

2. Releasing water for consumption and ecology only. However, it should

be released water to help the delayed planting of off-season rice and

grown off-season rice planting that may occur damage areas

3. Worst case, need water from dead storage of Bhumibol and Sirikit

dams released to downstream for consumption, and maintain the basin's

ecology activities

Water data Application

28

Royal Irrigation Department (RID)

The Committee for Monitoring and Analysis of Water Situation

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)

Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)

Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA)

Department of Water Resources (DWR)

Hydro and Agro Informatics Institute (HAII)

Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM)

Navy department

Office of The Royal Development Projects Board (ORDPB)

Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning (DPT)