dukzvdkrhy - shri laxmi chandralamba devi … vk’khokzn fiz; mkw- hkhek’kadj ns’kikams]...
TRANSCRIPT
1
dukZVdkrhy
‘kfäihB
¼Jhpanzyk ijesÜojh½
MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs M.A., Ph.D., LL.B.
ewY; & 60-00 रपय
2
izdkf’kdk &
lkS- ‘kf’kdyk ns’kikaMs
ns’kikaMs lkfgR; la’kks/ku
^foJke/kke* vkGan ¼xqycxkZ½
dukZVdjkT; 585302-
Qksu & 82260 ¼STD 08477½
xzaFk izkIrhLFkku &
Jh- fo|klkxj dqyd.khZ
lsØsVjh & panzykack lsok la?k
{kh{ks= lérh] rk- fprkiwj-
ft- xqycxkZ-
izFkekoÙkh & 2 vkWDVkscj 1993
iq”i & 32 os
ewY; & 60-00 #i;s
eqnzd &
vHk;dqekj ikBd
vHk; eqnz.kky;
461@1 lnkf’ko isB]
iq.ks & 411 030-
3
अपपण पतरिका
iwT; xksfoankuan ljLojh ckyLokeh
Jhuflag ljLorh nÙk egkjkt xk.kxkiwjps futf’k”; uanhuke ;kauk rqGtkiwjP;k Hkokuhus
panyk ijesÜojhdMs /kkMys- vkf.k vo/kwr Ñikoar panzykacsus R;kauk Jhxq#dMs xk.kxkiqjh ikBfoys-
¼xq#pfj= v- 42½ ;k uanhukekps lkaizrps oat’k] vkuan laiznk;kps xk<s vH;kld] Jhmikld iwT;
xksfoankuan ljLorh rFkk ckyLokeh T;kauh ekÖ;k la’kks/ku dk;kZr vkjaHkkiklwu ekxZn’kZu dsys]
R;kaP;k pj.khp gh panzykacsph ok³~e;hu lsok fouez Hkkokus viZu djhr vkgs-
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vk’khokZn
fiz; MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs] ,dl”Vh xkSjfodk ikspyh] dS- dY;k.kjko vkf.k /kksaMksiarkaps
dk;Z i.k fu”Bsus pkyfoys vkgs- vkiyh lkfgR; lsok MksGs fniwu Vkd.kkjh vkgs- lqnSokus vkrkp
vki.k dqBs lkBh vksykaMyh vkgs- ek>s o; 86 vkgs- vkiY;kyk vkiys dk;Z iq<s pkyfo.;kl
iapohl&rhl o”ksZ eksdGh vkgsr- vkiY;k ifjJekus vkuan laiznk;] xk.kxkiwjpk ifjlj gh ljh
le) >kyh- f’kojkeLokehauk vki.k U;k; feGowu fnyk- gh dkefxjh vtksM gks;- lérh
panzykacsps {ks= gs vkiY;k ifjJekus egkjk”Vªkyk fudVi.ks ifjfpr >kys- vkiyh gh ok³~e;hu
riL;k v’khp v[kaMi.ks pkyr jkgks ghp ijesÜoj pj.kh izkFkZuk- ;klkBh mnaM vk;q”; vkiY;kyk
feGkos gh ‘kqHksPNk- lérh {ks=kdMs HkkLdjko ;kaP;k pfj=keqGs ek>s y{k os/kys- lérhcíy vki.k
fyfgys- rqGtkiwj] dksYgkiwj izek.ks lérh{ks=kpk bfrgkl tqU;k ,sfrgkfld mYys[kkoj vkf.k
f’kykys[kkoj vk/kkjysyk fl) gks.ks gh vktph xjt vkgs- ;k {ks=klaca/kh vkf.k R;kP;k ijaijslaca/kh
vki.k ekfgrh dGokoh- ek>s lwQh laiznk; xzaFkkph nqljh vkoÙkh ijpqÚ;kauh izdkf’kr dsyh- rh
ikBoyh vkgs-
& lsrqek/kojko ixMh & eqacbZ
10&3&1993
vki.k fyfgysys Jh/kjLokeh pfj= Nku vkgs- R;kaP;k dkgh vKkr iSywapk fopkj R;kr vkgs-
gs ikgwu cjs okVys- lrr vkiys ys[kudk;Z pkyw vlrs- R;kpk Qk;nk o mi;ksx vusdkauk gksr
vlrks- vkiys vfHkuanu-
& iapkaxdrZs /kqaMhjkt ‘kkL=h nkrs
lksykiwj
13&4&91
5
ifjp;
nsohHkäkaps pj.kh fuosnu
Jh panzykack lsok la?kkrQsZ 1965 iklwu cjhp ygku eksBh iqLrds izfl) dsyh-
egkjk”Vªkrhy nsohHkäkauk R;kpk [kwip Qk;nk >kyk- 1½ Jhpanzykack lérh n’kZu] 2½ panzyksik[;ku
Jh;a=] 3½ panzyk ijesÜojh] 4½ panzykack Hkzkejh nsoh] 5½ panzyk lgL=uke] 6½ Ldan iwjk.k lérh
egkRE; ;k loZ iqLrdkauarj vkt iqjkuk/kkjs loZ ekfgrh] nsoh miklusrhy loZ jpuk vkf.k JhpØ
vpZuk b- ;k xks”Vhapk lekos’k vlysY;k ;k xzaFkkaps izdk’ku gksr vkgs- nsohHkä vkf.k Hkkfodkauk
;kpk pkaxyk mi;ksx gksbZy-
Ldan iqjk.kkph jpuk izpaM vkgs- ;k nsoh lacaf/kr Hkkx iqjk.kkps izdk’ku iwT; v..kkegkjkt
fotkiwj ;kauh dsys- ewG laLdr vkf.k fganh Hkk”; ;k izek.ks ;kps laiknu okjk.k’kh ;sFks >kys vlwu
laiknukps dk;Z iafMr eqlGxkodj ;kauh dsys- mRєV NikbZ] fofo/k fp=s vkf.k McyMseh
vkdkjkpk xzaFk lqekjs gtkj i”Bkapk vkgs- toG&toG pkj y{k #i;kapk gk izdYi iw.kZ d#u
v..kkegkjktkauh ladYi iw.kZ dsyk ;k pkj o”kkZr lérh ;sFkhy xksiwj] th.kksZ)kj] LFkkiuk vkf.k
iqjk.k izdk’ku ;k izdkjs lqekjs ,d dksVh #i;s R;kauh ;k dqyLokfeuh dfjrk ospysys vkgsr- laiw.kZ
nsoLFkkukpk R;kauh dk;kikyV dsysyk vkgss- ;k izpaM iqjk.kkpk /kkork ijke’kZ lkjka’k#ikus ;sFks
fnysyk vkgs- nsohps ekgkRE; iw.kZi.ks dG.;kl lqyHk gksr vkgs- rso<Ókkdfjrk ;k xzaFkkph ;kstuk
dsyh vkgs- izpaM iqjk.kkps voyksdu dj.ks lokZukp ter ukgh-
iqjk.kkps iB.k] ikBu vkf.k euu ;keqGs ekuokpk lokZaxh.k mRd”kZ vkgs gh fl) >kysyh
xks”V vkgs- iqjk.k Eg.kts vxk/k Kkukps HkkaMkjp vkgs- vk/;kfRed ykHk rj gksrksp] i.k LoLFk
vkf.k lq[ke; thou O;rhr gksrs- Hkkjrkr vktoj ts dkgh /kqja/kj] fo}ku fuitys R;k lokZauh
iqjk.kkaP;k
vk/kkjkojp vkiyk fodkl dsysyk vkgs- fons’kh iafMrkauh i.k iqjk.kkapk xkSjo dsysyk vkgs-
panzxqIrkP;k dkGh vkysyk esxLFkuht] eqlyekukrhy ;k iqjk.kkpk izFke vH;kld vycs#uh]
gku lkax ;k lokZauhp iqjk.kkph iz’kalk dsyh- esDlE;wyj ;kuh iqjk.kkps egÙo fo’kn dsys- lokZauhp
;k lkfgR;kP;k vk/kkjkoj vkpkj&fopkj] O;ogkj ;koj pkaxyk izdk’k ikMysyk vkgs- ;k n”Vhus ;k
Ldan iqjk.kkps egkRE; vkxGs vkgs- ;k izpaM iqjk.kkr panzyk ijesÜojkph iw.kZ ekfgrh] mikluk
i)rh o ekgkRE; ;kph uksan izkeq[;kus vkgs- vkf.k rso<kp iqjk.kkpk Hkkx ojhy xzaFkkr vkgs-
;k iqLrdkr panzyk ijesÜojh LFkku ekgkRE;] Ldan iqjk.k varxZr panzykack ekgkRE;] foo/k
jpuk o mikluk vkf.k JhpØ vpZuk vls pkj Hkkx dsys vlwu ;ke/;s loZ ladfyr v’kh
v|kor ekfgrh fnyh vkgs- ;k xzaFkkrhy pkj HkkxkP;k iFkd iqfLrdk pkj osxGÓkk dsY;k vkgsr-
R;k R;k fo”k;kcíy Hkäkauk R;k mi;qä Bjrhy ;k ewG xzaFkkpk rj mi;ksx lokZaukp vkgs- Hkkjr
ljdkjP;k la’kks/ku [kkR;krhy yksdkauh ,d NksVk xzaFk ‘Early Brahmi Iscription From Sannati’
ukokpk uqdrkp baxzthr Nkiyk vkgs- rks dsoG la’kks/kd vkf.k vH;kld ;kauk mi;ksxh vkgs-
dsoG ckãh fyihP;k f’kykys[kkdfjrk xzaFkkps iz;kstu vlY;kps nsoh ekgkRE; xzaFkkr u ;s.ks
ØeizkIr vkgs- dsoG 140 ikukaP;k xzaFkkph fdaer 500@& #- Bsoyh vkgs- R;kaP;k ers izkIr
f’kykys[k vo’ks”k b-l- iwohZ 263&262 o”kkZps vlkosr- ewrhZ iwohZp gksrh o f’kykys[k uarj
dksjys vkgsr vlk fu”d”kZ vkgs- czkãhfyih] izkÑr Hkk”kk vkgs] i.k v’kksdkpk mYys[k ukgh-
lkrokgku o dnacdkyh lérhps egÙr gksrs- f[kzLriwoZ nqlÚ;k ‘krdkr ;k HkhekdkBkoj csyjMxh]
tsojxh] fgIijxh] ‘kgkiwj gh egÙokph dsanzs gksrh- gljxqaMxh] v.kch] dxucGh ¼fprkiwj½ dksywj ;k
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Hkkxkr Lrwi] Nk;k izfrek b- vo’ks”k vkgsr b- ekfgrh fnysyh vkgs- feGkysY;k vo’ks”k panzykack
nsohP;k cktwl vlysY;k dkfydk ewrhZaP;k Hkkxkrhy vkgsr- ;keqGs izkphu panzykackcíy ;kr dkgh
mYys[k ukgh- iqjk.k vkf.k oSfnd laLÑrh ;kapk xa/k ulysY;k vH;kldkauh lkrokgku jktk Eg.kts
lsrqjktk vlkok vls ekaMysys vuqeku gkL;kLin vkgs- {ks=kP;k n”Vhus ojhy xzaFkkl dkghp egÙo
ukgh- dkj.k xzaFkkapk mís’k dsoG czkãh fyihP;k f’kykys[kkpkp gksrk o rls f’kykys[kkps Bls]
HkXu] ewrhZ vkf.k cq)dkyhu f’kYiuequk ;kph fp=s fnyh vlwu lérh O;frfjä vU; Hkkxkps
vls vo’ks”k i.k nk[kfoys vkgsr-
lérh nsoLFkkukr xsY;k ia/kjkohl o”kkZr [kwip dkes >kyh] xksiwj] uohu fofo/k eafnj] okLrq
HkaMkj[kkuk] oht vkf.k dwiufydk vkf.k ik.;kP;k forj.kkph ;kstuk] lHkkeaMi] izopu eaMi]
uohu jFk] iqjk.k izdk’ku] ekdZMÓks; eafnjkpk th.kksZ)kj] Lukux`g] ‘kkSpdwi] ?kkV b- P;k lks;h
uohup dj.;kr vkY;k-
dukZVdkrhy gs vKkr vls ‘kähihB vkrk lokauk lqifjfpr gksr vkgs- iwohZP;k dkGh i.k
;sFks vusd Hkä loZ izkarkrwu ;sr- egkjk”Vª] vka/kz] xksok ;sFkhy nsohHkä vkt eksBÓkk la[;sus ;srkr-
eafnjkP;k fo’kky eaMikr ,dk [kkackoj dkgh ‘krdkiwohZpk ,d eksMh fyihrhy ejkBh f’kykys[k
^Jhpanzyk ijesÜojh pj.k jt fee.kukbZd* ;so<kp okprk ;srks-
Jh{ks= xk.kxkiwj uflag ljLorh nÙkegkjktka’kh ;k nsoLFkkukpk Qkj ?kfu”V laca/k vkgs ;kpk
nk[kyk xq#pfj=kr feGrks- Jh{ks= xk.kxkiwjpk laca/k vkeP;k ?kjk.;k’kh ‘kaHkj o”kkZiklwu vkgs- R;k
nsohP;k Ñisusp vkt gh lsok ?kMr vkgs- vusdkauk foiwy ladVs vkyh vkf.k R;kapk ifjgkj nsohus
dsyk ;kph izphrh vla[; Hkäkauk vkysyh vkgs- R;k nsoh HkäkaP;k lk/kusr ;k ok³~e;kpk pkaxyk
mi;ksx gksbZy gh euh”kk iwT; v..kkegkjktkapsp ,d f’k”; lérh ;sFks lso sl iznh?kZ dkG gksrs-
R;kauh lkaizr iq.ks Hkxkr mlsZ ;sFks eB LFkkiu dsysyk vkgs- R;kaP;koj nsohpk vuqxzg vkgs- R;kauh
R;k eBkr nsohP;k iknqdk LFkkiu dsY;k vkgsr-
v..kk egkjktkauh iqjk.kkpk ejkBh vuqoknkpk cgndk; xzaFk i.k ijokp izfl) dsyk vkgs-
dqykpkj vkf.k dqy/keZ ;kaps vkxGs egÙo vlrs- dqy/keZ u”V >kys dh dqykoj v/kekZpk ixMk
clrks] vFkkZr ektrks- dqy?kkrd izdkj ok<rkr- riZukfn fØ;k yqIr gksrkr- ;keqGs fijrgh iru
ikorkr- dqy/kkrdkus vkf.k o.kZladjdkjd nks”kkauh iqjkru vfr/keZ o dqy/keZ u”V gksrk- ;kps
foospu xhrsP;k v/;k;kr vkysys vkgs-
lérh {ks=kps egÙo ;ksx’kkL=kP;k n”Vhus fo’ks”k vkgs- Hkxoku nÙkk=s; gs ;ksxkps vk|
izorZd vkgsr- R;kauhp izofrZr dsysyk gk ;ksxekxZ vkgs- R;kaP;koj dik dj.kkjh gh vo/kwr
Ñikoarh vkgs- ekgwj ;sFkhy nsohLuku eLrdpØ LFkkukps vkgs- vacktksxkbZ ;sFkhy vkjksX; Hkokuh
;ksxek;sps ihB ukHkhpØ LFkukps vkgs- panzykackps gs Luku pj.k LFkkukP;k pØkps vkgs- okLrO;
fn’ksus ,d js”kk vks<Y;kl gh js”kk ljG ojhy LFkukiklwu fo/;knsohlg FksV oS”.koh nsohi;Zar iksprs-
;ksx’kkL=kr ;kaps egÙo vk<Grs- gk bfrgkl euu dj.;ktksxk vkgs- [kkyh nf{k.ksr eqdkafcdk o
dkek{khl feGrs- lérh ;sFks ^’kadjh] cu’kadjh] panyk ijesÜojh* vkf.k fgaxqyk] panzyk* vlk ?kks”k
gksrks- R;k fgaxyspk [kjk bfrgkl vusdkauk Kkr ukgh- vkt rks Hkkx Hkkjrkckgsj vkgs- JhpØ
miklusr rks bfrgkl fnyk vkgs-
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;k xzaFkkps v{kj tqG.kh o eqnz.k vR;ar vkLFksus ek>s Lusgh Jh- ikB ;kauh dsysys vkgs-
gh ok³~e;hu lsok nsoh HkäkaP;k pj.kh viZ.k dj.;kr eksBh lek/kkuh vkgs- vLrq-
MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs
M.A.,Ph.D.,LL.B.
v/;{k&panzykack lsok la?k
^foJke/kke* vkGan 585302
8
Hkkx 1
Jhpanzyk ijesÜojh {ks=ekgkRE;
iwohZP;k gSnzkckn jkT;krhy rk- fprkiwj] ft- xqycxkZ ;sFkhy lérh ÅQZ ^larh* {ks= l/;k
uO;k EgSlwj jkT;kr vkgs- e/;jsYosP;k okMh taD’kuiq<s ukyokj LVs’kuiklwu 12 eSykaoj {ks= vkgs-
lérh xkokiklwu ,d eSykoj nsohps LFkku vj.;kr vkgs- nsoky; JhpØkdkj vkgs- LVs’kuiklwu
{ks=ki;Zar iDdh lMd vkgs- iwohZ gk ekxZ vR;ar =klkpk gksrk- nsohps nsÅG iqjkru o foLrh.kZ
vlwu iwokZfHkeq[k egk}kj vkgs- nf{k.k Hkkxkl Hkhek okgrs- eksBeksBkys eaMi vlqu mRlokar
iqjk.k&dhrZu oxSjs ;sFksp gksrkr- lqekjs nksu gtkj yksd clrhy ,o<s gs iz’kLr vkgs- ;k
LFkkuktoG nqljs vk.k[khu ,d LFkku ‘kgkckn LVs’kuiklwu rhupkj eSykaoj OgéxqaVh Eg.kwu xko
vkgs- ;k xkokiklwu vj.;kr ,d eSykoj vkgs- ;k fBdk.kh Hkhek vkf.k dkfx.kk ;k nksu u|kapk
laxe vkgs- laxekdkBh Jh lksesÜojkps nsoky; vkgs- ;kl vxLrh vkJe i.k Eg.krkr- eq[;
nsoky; mapkoj vkgs- ;sFkhy nsoky;kr pkj QwV maphph okyqdke; ewrhZ vkgs- gk ekxZ i.k Qkj
dBh.k vkgs-
lérh {ks=h rG?kjkr nsohph ewrhZ vkgs- nsOgkÚ;kr tk.;kph okV ,dk ek.klkl
tk.;k,o<hp gksrh- rks Hkkx lkaizr eksBk dsysyk vkgs- lérh xkoktoGp lsrqjktkP;k m/oLr
jkt/kkuhps vo’ks”k vk<Grkr- xkokP;k ifÜpe Hkkxkl lksesÜojkps nsoky; vkgs o R;kekxs Hkhek
unhpk Mksg vkgs- JhpØkdkj eafnjkr nsohph 3 QqVkaph ewrhZ vkgs- rqGtkiwjP;k Hkokuhphp
izfrÑrh okVrs- gh ewrhZ okyqdke; vkgs- ;kiq<s ,d QwV ykachP;k ‘kgkcknh nxMkP;k iknqdk vkgsr-
nksUgh iknqdkaoj vuqØes nksu o rhu v’kh ikp eksBkyh Hkksds vkgsr- ;k fNnzkapk laca/k lsrqjktkP;k
Mksgk’kh vkgs vls lkaxrkr- ;k xks”Vhph izphrh Eg.kwu ikn qdkaP;k fNnzkar okfgysys Qwy] [kkjhd
vknh nksu eSykaojhy R;k Mksgkr ckgsj iMrkr- ;k eq[; eafnjkHkksorh ckjk fyax LFkkiysys vkgsr-
egkadkGh] egky{eh] ljLorh nsorkaP;k ewrhZ o leksj ekdZMsÜoj] ekrZaM HkSjo LFkkus vkgsr- ;kizek.ks
;k nsohLFkkukph lkaizr voLFkk vkgs- ;s.kkjk Hkkfod oxZ czkã.k o.kkZpkp vlrks- izokl d”Vizn
Eg.kwu vktoj ;k=k dehp Hkjr gksrh- ;k nsohcíy] LFkkukcíy ekfgrh vR;ar fpÙkos/kd o
egÙoiw.kZ vkgs- nsohekgkRE;] Ldaniqjk.k] eL;iqjk.k] HkkLdjk[;ku] lIr’krh] ekdZMs;iqjk.k b- e/;s
ekfgrh izkeq[;kus feGrs- ;ko#u LFkkukP;k izkphursph dYiuk ;srs- rsFks jkst iqjk.k ikjk;.kkr vkgs-
;k nsohcíyph ekfgrh [kkyhyizek.ks vk<Grs o #nz dFkk ;s.ksizek.ks vkgs &
jko.kkpk lagkj d#u izHkw jkepanz v;ks/;kyk ijrys- rsFks xsY;koj R;kapk jkT;kfHk”ksd
Bjyk- vusd Hkäx.k o ekaMfyd jkts ;kauk vkea=.ks xsyh- ;ksX;rsizek.ks vklukaph O;oLFkk
dj.;kr vkyh gksrh- jkekP;k eaf=eaMGkus gs dke vR;ar pks[k ctkoys gksrs- dkGthiwoZd izR;sd
xks”V dsyh tkr gksrh- vkuanh o lek/kkukps okrkoj.k gksrs- izHkw jkepanzkps rs ,sÜo;Z ikgwu tursus
MksGÓkkaps ikj.ks QsMwu ?ksrys- eaxy dk;kZr dlyhp ok.k uOgrh] i.k ,d
Øks/kk;eku O;äh rsFks vkyh- R;k O;ähps MksGs vkx vksdhr gksrs! larkikus cksyr gksrh- lkÚ;kaps
y{k frdMs os/kys- vkuanh okrkoj.kkl osxGsp Lo#i vkys- izHkw jkepanzkus ‘kkar fpÙkkus R;kps Eg.k.ks
,sdwu ?ksrys- rks leqnzukFk gksrk- R;k lekjaHkkps R;kl vkea=.k uOgrs- R;keqGs vieku okVwu rks rsFks
vkyk gksrk- jkekph yadsoj p<kbZ lsrqeqGs o ;’kgh R;keqGsp- ;k dkeh leqnzukFkkus lkgÓk dsys
Eg.kwu lsrq r;kj >kyk- R;kP;k lkgÓkk[ksjht jkekyk dkghp djrk vkys ulrs- i.k jkekyk R;k
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midkjkph vkBo.k ukgh] vls rks dksiwu cksyr gksrk- iqUgk osG vkY;kl ek>h vkBo.k gksbZy]
vls fuHkZRlZukiwoZd R;kus EgVys-
jkekus pkSd’kh djrkp eaf=eaMGkus [kqyklk dsyk dh] leqnzukFk vR;ar mUeVi.ks okxrks o
R;kph Bk;h vgadkj vkgs- Eg.kwu eqíke vkea=.k fnys ukgh- jkeefgek fol#u rks cksyr vlrk
lokZauk vR;ar okbZV okVys- ‘ksoVh leqnzukFkkus EgVys dh] ^lhrslkj[kh lqanj iRuh ykHkyh] ,o<s
,sÜo;Z ykHkys Eg.kwu rqyk xoZ >kyk vkgs-* ;k fuHkZRlZukiwoZd ‘kCnkpk lhrsyk jkx vkyk-
dksik;eku gksÅu frus ‘kki fnyk dh] ^iq<s ;%dfÜpr~ v’kk Hkzejkdjph rq>k izk.k tkbZy- rq>k
vgadkj u”V ikosy-* ;kizek.ks gh gfddr jkejkT;kfHk”ksdizlaxh ?kMyh-
iq<s dfy;qxkr foa/;kpy ioZrkP;k ik;F;k’kh ,dk jkT;kr nsonÙk ukokpk jktk >kyk- R;k
jktkl ukjk;.k ukokpk eqyxk >kyk- gk Jhjkekpk frljk vorkj gks;- ;k nsonÙk jktkus vkiY;k
eqykpk ozrca/k oxSjs lqosGh d#u xq#xgh ikBfoys- fo|kH;kl] ‘kL=kL= ;kr ikjaxr dsys-
loZxq.klaié vlk gk eqyxk ‘ksoVh v/;kRekdMs oGyk- oSjkX; mRié gksÅu gk loZ ,sÜo;kZpk R;kx
d#u rikpj.k dj.;kl fxjhdanjh xsyk- R;keqGs nsonÙkkl eksBh fpark mRié >kyh-
;kizek.ks rikpj.k pkyw vlrk eqfuJs”B ukjnkaph xkB iMyh- ukjnkauh R;kl foa/;kpy
ioZrkoj ri dj.;kph vkKk dsyh- R;kizek.ks gk jktdqekj ukjk;.kequh >kyk- ckyi.kkiklwup
R;kP;kr oSjkX;oÙkh gksrh-
;kp lqekjkl jktlsu ukokP;k jktkl ,d yko.;orh eqyxh >kyh- frps uko panzonuk-
lhrknsohpkp gk vorkj gks;- eqyxh mioj >kY;koj jktlsu ¼panzlsu½ jktkus eqyhps Lo;aoj
ekaMys- ,d yksgLraHk mHkk dsysyk gksrk- ik.;kr LraHkkps izfrfcac ikgwu tks ck.kkus LraHk ikMhy
R;kl panzonuk oj.kkj gksrh- Lo;aojkl vusd ns’kkaps ;qod vkys i.k dq.khgh i.k ftadyk ukgh-
;keqGs jktkl dkGth okVw ykxyh- ,d fnol jktk fparsr >ksiyk vlrk R;kl dqynsorspk n”VkUr
>kyk dh] ^ukjk;.kequh ukokpk dq.kh jktiq= vj.;kr rikpj.k djhr vkgs- R;kl ikpkj.k djkos o
rksp gk i.k ftadsy*- ;k nsohP;k n”VkUrkeqGs jktkyk [kwi vkuan >kyk- nqljs fno’kh R;kus vkiY;k
lsodkauk ikBowu vj.;kr ‘kks/k ?ks.;kl vkjaHk dsyk o vR;ar lUekukus R;k {kk=rsth jktiq= v’kk
ukjk;.kequhl vkiY;k jkt/kkuhr vk.kys- rks i.k ukjk;.kequhauh ftadyk- jktkus R;k oSjkX;ksRié
v’kk jktdqekjkl fookgkph xG ?kkryh- fiR;kP;k o dU;sP;k fouo.khpk Lohdkj d#u
ukjk;.kequhauh fookgkl laerh fnyh- ukjk;.kequh o panzonuk ;kapk fookg gksÅu rs lalkjh cuys-
rjh i.k R;kus ,dkarokl lksMyk ukgh- HkhekunhdkBh vj.;kr ,d i.kZdqVh cka/kwu okl dsyk-
;kizek.ks rs i.kZdqVhrp dkyØe.k djhr jkfgys-
1- lhrsP;k ‘kkikus leqnzukFk lsarqjktk Eg.kwu tUeyk
Jqfr iqjk.k vkxeukrwu ewG cht izÑrhps o.kZu vkgs- R;kuqlkj ‘kkSudkfndkauh ekdZaMs;
_”khl iPNk dsyh- panzykack o lérhcíy fopkj.kk dsyh- rksp vk’k; _”khauh dFku dsyk- gh
vukfn ijczã ek;k vlwu txnkjaHkkP;k osGh gsjaHkk Eg.kwu rh izfl)hl vkyh- df’ej iqjhph gh
vknh&’käh vkgs- frP;kcíyph gh ekfgrh iq.;dkjd v’kh vkgs- fgaxqG ukeh ,d nSR; mUer
>kyk- HkäkaP;k m)kjkdfjrk vorkj ?ksÅu nSR;kapk uk’k dsyk- R;keqGs fgaxqykapk ukekfHk/kku ykHkys-
R;kuarj ;k vorkjkph dFkk vkgs- egk’ks”k dU;k [ksGr gksrh- danqdhpk [ksG pkyw gksrk- >syr
vlrkuk gk psaMw banzlHksr ;sÅu iMyk- R;keqGs loZ nso vkÜp;Zpfdr >kys- R;kposGh ukjnequh
rsFks vkys- R;kosGh ukjnkauh iq<hy Hkkfdr dFku dsys- banzkP;k eukr ;k vuqie psaMw’kh [ksG.kkjh
10
ckyk igkoh vls vkys- ukjnkauh banzkl e`R;wyksdh vk.kys o ‘ks”kdU;k nk[kfoyh] frP;k lkSan;kZus rks
eksfgr >kyk-
2
ukxdU;sl ikgwu banzkyk lek/kku >kys- R;kus iq<s R;k ‘ks”kdU;syk ekx.kh ?kkryh- ;Fkkle;
R;kapk fookg >kyk- ukjnkauk i.k vkuan >kyk- R;kizek.ks ;k banqyhyslg banz fnol dafBr gksrs-
;Fkkle; banqyhysl ,d eqyxk >kyk- R;kps lsrwjkt vls uko Bsoys- gk lsrqjkt loZ ‘kkL= ikjaxr
>kyk- loZ rhFkZ ;k=k dsY;k- izR;{k ‘kadjkl R;kus izlé d#u ?ksrys- etyk izpaM ‘käh |koh]
otznsgh djkos] ‘kL=kus ej.k ;s.kkj ukgh vlk oj |kok vls R;kus ‘kadjkl foufoys- _”kh] czkã.k]
lk/kqlar o lrh ;kauk =kl nsÅ u;s vU;Fkk oj tkbZy vls ‘kadjkus lkafxrys- R;kuarj ;FkkØe
czãkiZ.k laifoys- v’kkizdkjs ‘kadjkP;k ojkus lsrqjk;k cfy”B >kyk-
3
Üosrjk;k rhFkZVukl fu?kkyk] uflag] fpnacj] jkesÜoj /kuq”; dksVh] fo#ik{k fyax o dksYgkiwj]
rqGtkiwj bR;knh {ks=h okLrO; dsys- rsFkwu ijr vkY;koj jkT;jksg.kkpk dk;ZØe >kyk- lérh ;sFks
jkT; d# ykxyk- LoxkZ;eku lkS[; R;k uxjkr vkys- ?kjks?kjh Jqfr&’kkL= iqjk.k pkys- i.k dkgh
fnolkr ek;k ra= izdVys- jktk Hkz”V gksÅu oko# ykxyk- vusd izns’k iknkØkar djhr djhr o
lÙkk miHkksxr jktk mér >kyk- ikiiq.;kpk Qjd dGsuk! vfopkjkus loZ iq.; y;kyk xsys- ,dnk
ex;k djhr jkT; ,dk i.kZdqVhtoG vkyk- rsFks panzonusps yko.; ikgwu rks eksfgr >kyk-
ukjk;.kequhaph gh lk/oh vR;ar ifrozrk gksrh- lsrqjk;k frP;k yksHkkus fryk gj.k dj.;kl izo`Ùk
>kyk- fnysY;k ojkcjkscjp ‘kadjkus ca/ku ?kkrys gksrs- R;kph foLe`rh jktkl >kyh- ek;susp dkapu
:i ?ksrys gksrs o panzonusP;k vkJeh lsrqjk;k vkyk gksrk- panzonusl ikgwu frph ukukizdkjs
eu/kj.kh dsyh- f’koiwtsps eh cyk<Ók vkgs] etcjkscj izklknkr pykos vls foufoys- panzonusus gk
vfopkj lksMkok Fkksj foÜofe=] jko.kklkj[ks cyk<Ók jlkrGkyk xsys Eg.kwu lqpfoys- i.k dkeka/k
lsrqjk;kiq<s dkgh pkyys ukgh- R;kus cGtcjhus vkJekrwu panzonusl izklknkr vk.kys- v’kkizdkjs
dFku ekdZaMs; _”kh equhtukauk djrkr-
4
banqyhyk vkf.k flyk dU;k ;kaP;k fouarhyk vOgs#u panzonukl jktkus izklknkr Bsoys-
bdMs ukjk;.kequh fuR; deZ vkVksiwu vkJekr ;srkp rsFks panzonuk ukgh vls ikgwu R;kauk Qkj nq%[k
>kys- varjZKkukus R;kauh lkjs tk.kys- jktkyk ;k vfopkjkaiklwu ijkoÙk dj.;kpk iz;Ru fu”QG
Bjyk- myV voysguk lgu djkoh ykxyh- R;keqGs ukjk;.kequh FksV fgeky;kr vkys- rsFks R;kauh
fgaxqGknsohl izlé d#u ?ksrys- equhaps euksxr tk.kwu nsoh lkscr fu?kkyh- ekx fQ#u u ikg.;kph
vkKk gksrh- ,dk fBdk.kh uqiqjkapk vkokt dkuh ;sbZuk Eg.kwu ekxs fQ#u ikgrkp nsohus lkafxrys]
^vkrk eh ;sFksp jkghu] ;sFkwup loZ dk;Z djhu*- gs LFkku Hkhek&dkfx.kh laxekojhy géxqaBk
cuys- nsohus ,d ?kV fnyk o jktkP;k izkax.kkr QksM.;kph vkKk fnyh- R;kizek.ks equh lsrqjk;kP;k
egkykr vkys- rsFks rks ?kV QksMyk- R;krwu ikp Hkzej fu?kkys- iq<s vla[; Hkzej fuekZ.k gksÅu
jktkps lSU; o loZ yksd esys- lsrqjktkP;k vaxkpk nkg >kyk R;krwu eqä gks.;kdfjrk R;kus
HkhekunhP;k Mksgkr tho fnyk o v’kkizdkjs lsrqjktkpk ‘ksoV >kyk- vkysY;k vkiÙkhiklwu eqärk
Ogkoh Eg.kwu panzonusps ozr pkyw gksrs- ,dnk Hkweh nqHkaxwu iksVkr ?ksrys vkrk i.k vkJ; |kok
v’kh frph izkFkZuk ,sdwu lksesÜojkph fiaMh nqHkaxwu panzonuk R;kr lkekowu xsyh- ;k lksesÜojkP;k
fiaMhl lkaizr i.k fpj fnlwu ;srs- ;kp panzonusps vuq”Bku pkyw gksrs-
5
11
ukjk;.kequhauk izkFkZuk d#u txnacsl lérhl vk.kys- rsFks LFkkiuk dsyh- lHkksorh }kn’k
fyax LFkkfiys- ;sFks ;k=syk o uolkus lsosl ;srkr R;kaph euksdkeuk iw.kZ gksrs- ;sFks iknqdk :i
oSHko Bsoys- rsOgkiklwu vla[; tukaph gh dqynsork vkgs- ;kizek.ks _”khauh ‘kkSudkfndkal gh dFkk
lkafxryh- panzykack o ukjk;.kequhl ts lek/kku ykHkys rls Hkäkauk ykHkrs- laiÙkh ykHkwu
euksdkeuk iw.kZ gksrs- v’kh gh lérh ;sFkhy vkfnek;k txnafcdk vkgs- tukyk vR;ar =kl >kyk
o ‘ks”kkl i.k minzo >kyk- loZ Hkzejkauk rwi pkjkos vls ukjk;.kequhl lqpfoys- uarj lkÚ;k
Hkzejkauk vkKk dsyh- rs lkjs iqUgk ikp Hkzejp >kys- mtO;k ik;kr rhu o MkO;k ik;kr nksu Hkzej
xqIr >kys- vtwugh iknqdkl gh Hkksds vkgsr- v’kh gh nsoh panzykack Eg.kwu izfl)hl vkyh-
;kizek.ks ;k ekdZaMs; dFkukoj foÜokl o J)k BsoY;kl eqäh ykHksy- thokyk d/kh ca/k jkg.kkj
ukgh- gs eqfäin vls vkgs- gs Jqfropup vkgs- gs xqfir Jhxq#auhp dFku dsysys vkgs- v’kh gh
vo/kwr dikorh czãkaMukf;dk y{eh panzykack nsoh ÑikoRly vkgs-
Jh panzykack LFkku
lkaizr dukZVd jkT;krhy xqycxkZ ftYgk gk iwohZ gSnzkckn jktoVhr gksrk- fprkiwj
rkyqD;krhy gs xko lérh&larh Eg.kwu izfl) vkgs- xkokiklwu 1AA eSykoj gs LFkku vkgs- nsohps
nsoky; HkhesP;k ik=koj vkgs- eanhj iqjkru o fo’kky vkgs- laiw.kZ nxMh cka/kdke vlwu ewG
nsoky; ,dk foLrh.kZ vkokjkr vkgs- nsoky; JhpØkdkj vlwu oSf’k”VÓkiw.kZ vkgs- ia<jiwj ;sFkhy
vkrhy Hkkxkrhy okLrw vkgs- rlkp izdkj ;k nsoky;kpk vkgs- ohl iapohl o”kkZiwohZ eafnjkrhy
Hkkxkr fHkarhyxr ,d ygku okV Bsoyh gksrh- va/kkjkr 40&50 QqVkpk gk jLrk ;oukaP;k
dkjdhnhZr eqíke r;kj dsysyk vlkok- ,[kk|k rG?kjkr f’kjr vlY;kpk Hkkl gksbZ- lkaizzr gk Hkkx
dk<wu Vkdysyk vkgs- nsohph ewrhZ vlwu leksj nksu nxMh iknqdk vkgsr- iknqdkauk vlysY;k
fNnzkapk laca/k lsrqjkt Mksgk’kh tksMrkr- gk Mksg lérh xkokyxr vkgsr- yxrp Jh lksesÜoj fiaMh
vkgs- gs nsoky; iqjkrup vkgs fiaMhl nqHkaxysyh phj vk<Grs-
lérhl tk.;kdfjrk okMh taD’kuP;k iq<s ukyokj LVskuoj mrjkos ykxrs- rsFkwu 14 eSykaoj
{ks= vkgs- mRlokr o ,joh clsl vkgsr- LVs’ku rs {ks= iDdh lMd vkgs- vfÜou eklh
uojk=ksRlo o pS= 15 rs 8 i;Zar mRlo vlrks- pS= o AA 5 pk ¼nsoh iapehpk½ jFkksRlo egÙokpk
vlrks ;kosGsl ;k=k Hkjrs nsoLFkkukr oht] ik.kh ;k lq[klks;h vkgsr-
;k nsoLFkkukP;k dkeh dS- ikaMqjaxjko ns’keq[k] dS- /kksaMksiar ns’kikaMs] dS- fd’kujko nksjugGh
b- yksdkauh vR;ar ifjJe ?ksrys- lMdseqGs gk Hkkx Hkkfodkauk ifjfpr gksr vkgs- ;sFks vusd
xks”Vhph ;kstuk vkgs- dk;Zjr vlysY;k la?kkph jhrlj VªLV Eg.kwu uksan dsysyh vkgs-
Jh panzyk ijesÜojhps nqljs LFkku OguxqaBk gs {ks= ‘kgkckn LVs’kuiklwu 5 eSykaoj vkgs-
OguxqaBk xkokiklwu 1AA&2 eSykaoj ,dk mapoVÓkkoj gs LFkku vkgs- ;sFks Hkhek dkfx.kh laxe
vlwu eanhj iqjkru vls vkgs- ;sFksgh nsohph ewrhZ vkgs- nsoh iapehl ;sFks i.k mRlo gksrks- eafnjkps
th.kksZ)kj dk;Z i.k pkyw vkgs- gk ekxZ dBh.k vlwu LVs’kuiklwu okgukaph lks; vkgs-
panzonuh nsohps LFkku fgeky;kr i.k vkgs- jLrk fVgjhiklwu fufcaM vj.;krwu vkgs-
R;keqGs eafnjkph ‘kksHkk vo.kZuh; vkgs- oj tk.kkjh ,dp okV vkgs- pjkpjkus ekSu ozr /kkj.k dsys
vlsp ‘kkar okrkoj.k ;sFks vkgs- vuarkP;k /;kukr eXu vls okVrs- ;sFks txUekrsps ,d ^;a=* vkgs-
R;kphp iwtk vpkZ gksrs- ewrhZ ukgh- nxMh cka/kdkekps Bsax.ks o ygku eanhj vkgs- ;sFkwu iq<s dsnkj
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cfnzukFk okV vkgs- panzonuh nsohP;k eafnjkiklwu Jhuxj ,d fnolkpk jLrk vkgs vls gs iqjkru
LFkku vkgs] ;sFks iqtkjh vkgsr-
lérh ;sFks mÙkjeq[kh eq[; izos’k}kjkP;k tkxh nkf{k.kkR; i)rhps xksiwjkps dke fotkiwjps
iwT; v..kk egkjkt ljns’kikaMs ;kauh 50 y{k #i;s [kpwZu dsys- f’k{k.k [kkR;kP;k lsod oxkZauh
lkgÓk dsys- R;kizek.ks egkdkfydsph uwru HkO; ewrhZ gSnzkckn ;sFkwu r;kj djfoyh vlwu
egkdkfydsP;k ;k ewrhZl lqekjs 25 gtkjkapk [kpZ vkyk- R;k LFkkukapk th.kksZ)kj d#u ewrhZph
izk.kizfr”Bk dkjkrhy ckjk T;ksfrfyZxkaph LFkkiuk i.k uftdP;k dkGkr gks.kkj vkgs- fotsP;k
vfufÜprrseqGs eqacbZ ;sFkhy Jherh mepxh ;kauh tujsVjph lks; d#u egÙokps dk;Z dsys-
ljns’kikaMs fotkiwj ;kauh lqo.kZ iknqdk fnY;k- lksykiwj ;sFkhy lkS- in~ekorh tks’kh o Hkäo`ankauh
fofo/k okgus viZu dsyh-
leksjhy ekdZaMs; LFkkukps th.kksZ)kj lkgÓk vjc jk”Vªkr LFkkf;d >kysys Jh jko ;kauh
n”Vkarkizek.ks dsys- ‘kds 1906 P;k lqekjkl txn~xq# vfHkuoknsaM uflag Hkkjrh ‘kadjkpk;Z egkjkt
gaih fo#ik{k fo|kj.; ihB ;kauh vkiyk 9 ok pkrqekZl ;k LFkkuhp dsyk-
bfrgklkpk ekxksok ?ksrk ;k LFkkuh N=irh f’kokth egkjkt i.k dukZVdkP;k eksfgesoj
vlrkuk ;sÅu nsohp s n’kZu ?ksrY;kpk nk[kyk feGrks- lkaizr xqycxkZ ;sFkwu njjkst nksu clsl
vkf.k chnj ;sFkwu ,d cl ;k nsoLFkkukl ;sr vlrs- ukyokj LVs’kuo#up ;k xkMÓkk
nsoLFkkukl ;srkr- ;knxhjgwu i.k ;srkr-
la?kkrhy dk;kZr lsØsVjh Jh- dqyd.khZ fo|klkxj ;kauh vkLFksus dk;Z pkyfoys vkgs- tquk
jFk th.kZ >kY;kus 1991 lkyh uok jFk r;kj dsyk- ekdZaMs; eafnjkps laiw.kZ cka/kdke >kys- vkf.k
dwiufydkus ik.;kph lks; >kyh- uohu ikd’kkGk o izopu eafnjkpk eaMi vls ikp&lgk y{k
#i;kaps dke >kys-
fotkiwjps iwT; ljns’kikaMs ;kauh nsoLFkkukpk dk;kikyV dsyk- Qsczqokjh 1990 e/;s rhu
fnol eksBk lekjaHk gksÅu R;kauk ekui= ns.;kr vkys- dkfydk eanhj cka/kdke vkf.k LFkkiuk vkf.k
lqekjs 35 fdyks pkanhps vyadkj R;kauh viZu dsys- HkkLdjjko ;kauh th.kksZ)kj dsysY;k ;k JhpØ
eafnjkl HkO; xksiwj cka/kwu R;kauh R;koj fQjrk jkSI; JhpØ vlk irdk clfoyk- ;k dkeh R;kauh
lqekjs 70 y{k #i;s [kpZ dsys-
Hkhekunhoj ,dk eksBÓkk /kj.kkph ;kstuk vlwu R;k[kkyh ;k ifjljkrhy 21 [ksMh cqM.kkj
vkgsr- eafnjkP;k uftdp /kj.kkpk eq[; Hkkx vkgs vkf.k gs ik.kh panzykacsP;k nqlÚ;k {ks=ki;Zar
Eg.kts ‘kgkckn toGhy OguxqaBk xkoki;Zar rqac.kkj vkgs- gs /kj.k u cka/krk NksVÓkk&NksVÓkk /kj.kkus
unhps ik.kh miyC/k d#u |kos vlk iz;Ru pkyw vkgs- gs ,d vR;ar izkphu vls ‘kähihB vlwu
;k Hkkxkr ckS)dkfyu foiqy vo’ks”k vkgsr- iqjkrRo[kkR;kus R;kph n[ky ?ksryh vkgs- gs vo’ks”k
tksikl.;kdfjrk dlks’khus ;Ru pkyw vkgsr- Lukukps LFkykarj vkf.k lqjf{krrsph O;oLFkk v’kk
xks”Vh i.k fopkjk/khu vkgsr- lsok la?k o vla[; Hkäkaph fuosnus /kkMyh vkgsr- ;k Hkkxkr mR[kuu
dj.;kdfjrk ijns’kh la’kks/kd o vH;kld lrr ;sr vlrkr-
nsoky; lérh xkokiklwu rhu fdyksehVj varjkoj vlY;kus iwohZ ;sFks vj.;kr dq.kh
eqDdke djhr ulr- lsok la?kkP;k LFkkiusuarj vpZd vkf.k lsok la?kkps lsod ;sFks vO;kgr
vlrkr- loZ lq[klks;h >kY;kus HkhekdkBkojhy gs ,d vR;ar je.kh; vls Luku cuysys vkgs-
lérh xkoktoG Hkhek iwosZdMwu ifÜpesl oGrs- rsFks ,d Mksg vkgs- ;k lsrqjktkP;k MksgktoG
f’koky; vkgs- ;k fiMhrp panzonuk lekoyh vkgs vls iqjk.kkr vkgs- fiMhl nqHkaxY;kph phj
vkt i.k vk<Grs- xkokyk oGlk ?kkrysyh HkhekjFkh iqu% iwosZl okgrs rh eafnjkP;k vxnh cktwusp
13
tkrs- rsFks ?kkV cka/kysyk vkgs- eafnjkP;k nSuafnu dk;kZdfjrk dkjdwu vkf.k lsodoxZ dk;e rsFksp
vlrks- vfydMs eafnjkr nwjok.khph lks; >kyh vkgs-
nsoLFkkukr ‘kkÜor iwtsph ;kstuk vkgs- 500 #- HkjY;kl R;k O;ktkrwu fu;ksftr frFkhl
o”kkZrwu iwtk d#u izlkn ikBfoyk tkrks- HkkfodkaP;k bPNsuq#i vfHk”ksd] #nzkfHk”ksd] fcYokpZu]
rqylhvpZu] vksVh Hkj.ks] ikG.kk] iky[kh] uSos| ;k fofo/k lsok djrk ;srkr- miu;u] tkoG]
fookg lekjaHkkl miyC/krsuqlkj HkkaMhik= feGrkr- nsoLFkkukP;k eq[; nsOgkÚ;kiq<s eaMi vlwu R;k
eafnjk lHkksorkyh iz’kLr nqgsjh [kkackP;k vosÚ;k lHkksorkyh vkgsr- ;k izkax.kkr vkB&ngk gtkj
Hkkfod lgt lkekorhy- ;k izkax.kkr nsoky;k lHkksorhp jFkksRlokpk dk;ZØe gksrks-
nsohph ewrhZ lkSE;eqnzsph vkgs- cktwl Jh;a= ¼;koj JhewrhZ Bsorkr½ o R;kP;k cktwl ,d
egkdkfydk foxzg vkgs- nsOgkÚ;krhy ;k egky{eh] egkljLorh o egkdkfydkP;k izHkkoGhP;k
iq<Ókkrp nxMh iknqdk lqekjs 1AA QwV ykachP;k vkgsr- ;k nxMh iknqdkaoj iwtsr pkanhP;k o
lksU;kP;k iknqdk Bso.;kr ;srkr- nsOgkÚ;kP;k ekxhy cktwl vkrhl xqgsr tk.;kph okV vkgs- rs
nkj vusd ‘krdkaiklwu can dsysys vkgs- ;k vkokjkr mtO;k cktwP;k vosjhP;k Hkkxkr ,d
riÜp;sZph xqgk vkgs- xksiwjkP;k toG ek#rhps nsÅG vlwu rsFkwu ?kkVkpk Hkkx vkjaHk gksrks-
;k nsoLFkkukr gksegoukr dqByh i’kwgÙ;k gksr ukgh- cGh ns.;kpk izdkj ;k nsoLFkkukr
ukgh- gh nsoh dsoG czkã.k lektkphp dqynsork vkgs- gs ;k ‘kähihBkps egÙo vkgs- nsoh
mikldkr ‘kSo] oS”.ko vlk Hksn ukgh- ifjljkrhy ns’keq[k] ns’kikaMs] dqyd.khZ] ikVhy ;k orunkj
yksdkaph gh dqynsork vlY;kus R;k R;k ?kjk.;krhy yksd usekus vkiyh lsok #tw djhr vlrkr-
;k nsoLFkkukr lsok la?kkps dk;Z xsY;k iékl o”kkZiklwu pkyysys vkgs- ;k nsoLFkkukdfjrk
vktoj jk; ikaMqjaxjko] /kksaMksiar ns’kikaMs] nhf{kr] fd’kujko eYys odhy] fd’kujko nksjugGh]
‘ks”kfxjjko gksGh] ‘kkejko ukMxkSaMk] O;adVjko ukbZd] panzjko f’kjokG] uflagjko f’kjokG ;k
yksdkauh lsok dsyh- rlsp ‘kadjjko ns’kikaMs] enuarjko ns’kikaMs vkf.k izkeq[;kus Hkhelsujko
dksugGh ;kaps Je vR;ar eksykps vkgsr- lkaizr fo|klkxj dqyd.khZ lsØssVjh ;kaps vfoJkar Je
nsoLFkkukP;k dkeh midkjd Bjys-
Jh nsoLFkkukr vfydMhy dkGkr nÙk ;ksxsÜoj rhFkZ] xksfoankuan ckyLokeh b- vusd lk/kd
vkys- nsohph dik laiknu dsyh- ;sFkhy vpZd Hkhekpk;Z ;kaP;k laxzghp iqjk.k lafgrk gksrh] rh
xzaFk#ikus iq<s vkyh- vpZd oxkZr uohu fi<hr Ñ”.kkpk;Z] HkheHkê] ‘kkekpk;Z izeq[k vlwu lsok
la?kkP;k fouarhl eku nsÅu R;kauh mRiékpk 6 vk.ks Hkkx nsoLFkkukl fnyk- iwohZ loZ mRié vpZdp
?ksr-
iwohZ dY;k.kP;k ,dk vadkr 52 ‘kähihBkaiSdh ,d LFkku dukZVdkr vKkr vls nk[kfoys
gksrs- uarjP;k ‘käh vadkr ;k {ks=kph ekfgrh fnyh rsOgk ;k LFkkukl mÙkjsrwu dkgh Hkä n’kZukl
vkys- miklusP;k n”Vhus lk/kd] lk/kukdfjrk gs jE; LFkku vkgs- iwohZ gk Hkkx futke jktoVhP;k
gSnzkckn jkT;kpk gksrk- vkrk fo’kky dukZVdkr vkgs- egkjk”Vªkr Hkhek’kadj ;sFks mxe ikowu
dukZVdkrhy xk.kxkiwj vkf.k OguxqaBk o lérh LFkkukl ikou djhr Hkhek lérhtoG d”.ksl
feGrs rks vka/kz izkarkpk Hkkx vkgs- ;keqGs dukZVdkrhy gs ‘kähihB Eg.kts vka/kz] egkjk”Vª vkf.k
dukZVd ;k ns’k=;hl tksM.kkjk nqok vkgs ;kph izphrh ;srs-
nsoLFkkukr vkysY;k lk/kdkl rhu fnol loZ eksQr O;oLFkk gksrs- fo’ks”k lsok dj.kkÚ;kl
jkgrk ;srs- uSos|] iwtk oxSjs Bjowu fnysY;k njkph ikorh ?ksÅu djrk ;srs- nsoLFkkukl LFkkoj vls
mRié ulwu Hkäo`ankaP;k mnkj ns.kxhojp lsok la?k dk;Z djhr vkgs- gfjgj ;sFkhy Jh- lqjs’k ukbZd
;kauh ikd’kkGsP;k cka/kdkekl iékl gtkjkph ns.kxh fnyh vkgs-
14
Hkkx 2
panzykack & iqjk.kizopu
1½ Ldaniqjk.k & {ks=Lda/k
Ldaniqjk.kkrhy {ks=Lda/kkr nqljk v/;k; fo”k;kuqØespk vkgs- dsoG gk v/;k; okpwu iqjk.k
iB.kkps Js; ykHkrs- ;ke/;s lérh{ks=] Eg.kts {ks=iapdkRed ifo= vls EgVys vkgs- xq#in{ks=]
czkãhin{ks=] ‘kkaHkohin{ks=] oS”.kohin{ks= vkf.k y{ehin{ks= vls fooj.k vkgs- ;k {ks=kP;k ifÜpesl
/kuiwj ¼xk.kxkiwj½ vkf.k iwosZl xq#}hi vls iq.;{ks= vkgs- loZ nsork vkf.k lIrdksVh egkea= ;kaps
,d= vls okLrO; lérh {ks=h vkgs- gs loZp fuR; tkx#d vlrkr- 33 dksVh gs la[;kokpd
ulwu izdkj okpd vkgs- lérh {ks=kpk efgek osnke/;s vkgs- gs loZ ea=kRed jgL;e; {ks= vkgs-
{ks=jkt vkgs- ,dw.k 144 v/;k; lkMsuÅ gtkj ‘yksd ;k Ldan iqjk.kkr vkgsr- jkekP;k ‘kkikus
lsrqjktkpk tUe] pj.k ;qxqykaph LFkkiuk vkf.k ;k Hkkxkr xq#)hikr nÙkk=s; Hkxokukps n’kZu]
ea=ksins’k vkf.k nsoh egky{ehps n’kZu ;kps o.kZu vkgs- ,yack nsohP;k ‘kkikus dkfd.kh ukokP;k
nsohps #i unhps >kys- guqxqaB {ks= vkf.k Ldan ukGkps vkjksi.k o gGnhph mRiÙkh] ;keqGs
dkfd.khph eqäh ‘kkikiklwu gksrs- fo”.kwus nÙkkorkj ?ksryk- ea= j{k.kkFkZ gk vorkj /kuiqjkr vkyk-
nsork#ikr Jh;a=kps LFkku Jh pØkps vf/k”Bku- ef.kpwy ioZrkojhy ekrZaM HkSjokps vkxeu] nsohph
Lrqrh] ;kizek.ks foospu ;k v/;k;r vkysys vkgs- ¼v- 2] ,dw.k ‘yksd 82½-
jkekP;k jkT;fHk”ksd le;h euq”; nsgkus lsrqjktk rsFks vkyk- R;k osGsl jke Hkzejkapk
xqatkjo dkSrqdkus voyksdu djhr gksrs- lhrsP;k ds’kdykikP;k lqxa/kkus izlé gksÅu Hkzej rsFks
xqatkjo djhr gksrs- R;keqGs jkekus lsrqjktkus dsysys vfHkoknu ikfgys ukgh- jkekyk vgadkj vkgs]
Ñr?u cuyk vkgs vls tk.kwu lsrqjktku s vi’kCn okijys vkf.k ;keqGs jkekus ‘kki fnyk] Hkzejkus
rq>k uk’k gksbZy vlk rks ‘kki gksrk- iq<s nsohP;k R;k pj.kkrp fojktkeu pØjkt JhpØ vlwu
;k JhpØkl 44 dksu vkgsr- rs 44 rhFkZ vkgsr- ekuo dY;k.k fufeÙk rs vkgsr- ‘kaHkwps 64 Hkä
;sFks ;k rhFkkZr vkys- ekdZaMs; ;k ukokusp fyax LFkkikos v’kh ‘kadjkph vkKk ekdZaMs; _”khl &
iq<s nÙkkorkj gksbZy vls vfHkopu ¼v- 4] ,dw.k ‘yksd 73½
Hkxoku nÙkk=s;kauh lkgÓk dsys rj vkiys euksjFk iw.kZ gksbZy vls ukjnkauh equhyk dFku
dsys- nÙk dqBs Luku] dqBs Hkkstu o dqBs fuokl djrkr- i.k dkgh osGk rs xq#)hikr jkgkrkr- gk
xq#)hikpk oÙkkar ,sdwu vðkohl gtkj riLohx.k nf{k.ksl vkyk- ea=dqV ioZrkoj R;k osGsl jke o
lhrk gksrs- R;kauh nÙkkps n’kZu djfoys- lokZauh Hkxorhps n’kZu djfo.;kph fouarh nÙkkyk dsyh-
Hkxoku nÙkk=s;kauh okjHko v{kj=; rhu dwVkpk mins’k dsyk- ek;kcht tikpk lYyk fnyk-
¼v/;k; 9 ok½
xq#)hi /kuiwj Eg.kwu izfl) vkgs- ;sFks vkdkj /kuq”;kizek.ks vFkZ panzdkj vkgs- ;Ùkhjkt
nÙkkps gs }hi vkgs- ifÜpesl HkhejFkhP;k rVkoj gs {ks= vkgs- ;sFks Hkxoku nÙkk=s; vlrkr- ;k
HkhekjFkhP;k rhjkoj ,dw.k 160 {ks= vkgsr- ¼v- 10 ok½
gGnhph mRiÙkh >kyh Eg.kwu guqxqaB uko iMys- nsohus ysi ykowu ?ksryk- ;k LFkkukr
nsox.k equhx.k okl djhr gksrs- xa/koZx.k vkf.k fl) iq#”k ;sFks Lrqrh djrkuk vk<Grkr- ;k
guqxqaBh {ks=h fl)h izkIr dj.kkjs rÙoKkuh egkRek v}SrkuqHko djrkr- vls vf/kdkj laié yksd
fujarj lsok djhr vlY;kus gs yksdksÙkj {ks= cuys vkgs ¼v- 16 ok½
15
ukjk;.k panzkHkk fookgkpk izlax] /kekZpkp ,d vorkj gksrk- R;kl rhu iq= gksrs- gfjd”.k]
uj vkf.k ukjk;.k- ukjk;.kkps va’kHkwr rs ukjk;.k equh gksrs- vgadkjkus R;kuk euq”;i.k vkys gksrs-
eksgkpk gk izrki gksrk- R;k iki{kkyukFkZ R;kauh lérh{ks=h ri vkjaHkys gksrs- vkiys oMhy /keZ
;kaP;keqGs R;kyk ;k {ks=kph ekfgrh ykHkyh- fojkVjktk foo/kZu gk in~eiwj ;sFks gksrk- R;kyk dU;k
gksrh rh y{ehpk va’k gksrh- ;k vkiY;k dU;spk & panzeq[khpk fookg ukjk;.kcjkscj >kyk- R;k
Lo;aojkr gs equh xsys gksrs- ,dk ck.kkr lkr y{; Nsn.ks gksrs- rks i.k dks.kR;kp jktkyk ftadrk
vkyk ukgh- rks ukjk;.k equhus ftadyk- FkkVkus fookg lekjaHk >kyk ¼v- 21 ok½
2½ Ldan iqjk.k & lsrqLda/k
ikrkGkr r{kdkph eqyxh loZxq.klaié v’kh gksrh- Hkzejh] prqjh] rkjk] ljyk] rjyk ;k
eSf=.khacjkscj danqdhpk [ksG pkyysyk vlrks- R;k psaMwl QG letwu iksiVkus mpyys o R;kpk
ekx ?ksr loZp fgeky;kP;k ifjljkr vkys- vkiY;k l[khlg ukxdU;k rsFks vkyh vlrkuk banzkph
n”Vh frP;koj iMrs- iFohph ‘kksHkk igkr banz rsFks vkysyk vlrks- ouJh vkf.k ?kfut nzO;] ;rhaph
xqgk vkf.k foyksHkuh; loZ voyksdu djhr vlrk banzkus ukxdU;sl ikfgys- banz Qkj eksfgr >kyk-
rh banzk.khis{kk lqanj Hkklyh- ;k v’kk ‘kf’konuspk ifjp; banzkus frph eSf=.k prqjkdMwu d#u
?ksryk- liZx.kkaps oklLFkku Hkksxorh uxjhP;k r{kd jktkph rh dU;k vkgs vls dGys- frps uko
banqyhyk vkgs gs letys- iq<s banqyhyk vkf.k banz ;kaps ehyu >kys- ¼v- 1] ‘yksd 62½
banqyhykcjkscj ØhMk d#u banz LoxkZl xsyk- Lej.k djrkp ;s.;kps vkÜoklu fnys-
eSf=.khauh ps”Vk] fouksn dsyk- fgeky;ktoG r{kdkus foÜodekZdMwu izklkn cka/kyk- iq<s ;Fkkle;h
mÙke ckydkpk tUe] lsrqizek.ks cyk<Ók eqyxk >kyk- jkekusp rks lsrq cka/kysyk Eg.kwu lsrq uko
Bsoys- miu;u o loZ laLdkj osnk/;k;u ‘kL=] ‘kkL= fuiq.krk o fuxekxekr fu”.kkri.kk ;keqGs
rks banzkyk vfHkeku okVkok vlk >kyk- ‘käh jgL;krhy lgÓkknzh [kaMkrhy lérhcíypk gk nqljk
v/;k;- ¼v- 2 jk½
vkiY;k iq=kdfjrk foÜodekZdMwu banzkus lérh uxjh olowu fnyh- okih] dwi] rMkx]
egky] izklkn] okfVdk vls ifjiw.kZ gksrh- eqykpk jkT;kfHk”ksd dsyk- iq<s dkgh fnolkauh /kekZps
ikyu gksr jgkos vlk vkns’k vkiY;k ea«;kauk nsÅu lsrqjktk rikdfjrk xsyk- R;k oukr
foyk;psP;k osyh] panuo{k] ukeosyh] lqikjh vkf.k vkezo{k] efYydk paid iq”i ;kaph foiqyrk
gksrh- flagh.khps nw/k gÙkhph NksVh fiys ihr vlr- loZ= fuHkZ;rk gksrh- ekatj] manhj ,d= [ksGr
vlr- dYio{kkizek.ks nsonkj ‘kksHkr] ;K] ;kx] riÜp;kZ ;kapk rks dky- equhaps vkJe gksrs- jktkus
;k rikr fl)hlkBh x.ks’kkph izkFkZuk dsyh- ¼v- 3] ‘yksd 50½
lsrw jktkus x.kirh iwtsuarj ifo=k] HkLe] #nzk{k tiekGk ;kus rikl vkjaHk dsyk-
in~eklukr ‘kadjkps meslg vkokgu dsys- ‘kksM’kksipkjs iwtk dsyh- ¼v-4] ‘yksd 53½
nsox.k ;{k] xa/koZ] fdéj] egku mjx] nkuo] jk{kl] fl) vkf.k ekuokdMwu e`R;w ulkok
vlk oj ekfxryk- verkP;k izkIrhus x#Mkyk vkuan >kyk rlk vkuan jktkl >kyk- iFohirh
lsrqjktkps lokZauh mRlkgkus Lokxr dsys vkf.k iFoh iw.kZ iknkØkar dj.;kl lsrqjktk fu?kkyk- ¼v-5]
‘yksd 35½
vusd jkT;s ftadhr xsyk- prqjax lsuk gksrh- ;eizLFk] banzizLFk] ok#.kizLFk] dweZizLFk] nsoizLFk
;kaps o.kZu vkgs- rks ri’khy &
16
;eizLFk & ifÜpesl eksjsÜoj] iwosZl lIrJaxh] mÙkjsl ek;kiwj] nf{k.ksl O;adVsÜoj] fo”k;
deyeq[k gsp lérh {ks= vkgs- ;sFks ‘k[korZ {ks= ^ek;k* Eg.kwu vksG[krkr- ;k mÙkeuxjkr lérh
ifjf.kf”Br flagklu-
banzizLFk & iwosZl eFkqjk] xksdqG] iwoZ&ifÜpe dksukr oankou] gfLrukiwj] mÙkjsl }kjdk]
nf{k.ksl lnkorZ {ks=] dkfydkeq[k fo”k; ojgh {ks= vkgs- vJirh flagklu-
ok#.kizLFk & ifÜpesl iDosÜoj] mÙkjsl fgaxqyk] nf{k.ksl =SyksD; fot;knsoh] ,ykorZ ukeh
{ks=] lhrkeq[k fo”k; ;kaP;k vrh lkr leqnz nk[kfoys vkgs-
dweZizLFk & nf{k.ksl xksd.ksZ’k] iwosZl dkek[;] mÙkjsl ekuls’k] ifÜpesl ‘kkjnk] f=xq.kkorZ
ukeh {ks= otzsgheq[k 65 dksVh pkeqaMk ;sFks jkgrkr-
nsoizLFk & nf{k.ksl Jhjax] ifÜpesl ek;=h] iwosZl txékFk] mÙkjsl vejdaVd] e/;Hkkxh
dkaphiwj eksguorZ {ks=- vusd fo|sus foHkwf”kr] ea=kps eJ.k] yfyrknsoheq[k dkek{kh {ks=- egkfo|sps
9 y{kx.k okl] lsrqjkt nqnqaHkhlg izFke ikaMqjax {ks=h xsyk- ikaMqjaxkps n’kZu ?ksrys- iq.;{ks= gksrs- loZ
txkps fu;eu dj.kkjs vkgs- vf[kysÜoj ikaMqjaxkl vikj vkHkj.ks fnyh- ikaMqjaxkP;k&xksikGkP;k
eLrdkoj vkfn Hkxoku fyaxdkjkps o.kZu vkgs- ‘kadjkph Lrqrh dsyh Eg.kwu ikaMqjaxkus /kkj.k dsys
vkgs- ikaMqjaxkph Lrqrh d#u foiqy nku dsys- lsrqjktk rsFkwu egkjk”Vªkr vkyk- loZafo/k le) o
ifjiw.kZ ns’k vkgs- ;kaP;k iwosZl vthj ukokps rhFkZ vkgs- ifÜpesl dkykiwj vkf.k mÙkj Hkkxkl
izfr”Bkuiwj vkgs ts lkSHkkX;kps ,deso LFkku Eg.kwu izfl) vkgs- rsFks f’konkl ukokpk jktk jkT;
djhrk gksrk- f’koHkäÑr gk fpjdky egkjk”Vªkph fuxk jk[khr gksrk- rks jktk vkiY;k ca/kqifjokjklg
lsrqjktkl HksV.;kl vkyk rks vki.k gksÅu lkeksjk vkY;kus lsrqjktk lq[kkoyk- ‘kaHkqnklkus Lokxr
dsys- R;k jktklg dksd.kkr ifÜpe fn’ksl izLFkku dsys- ;kps mÙkjsl v/kZ?kê] nf{k.ksl dksVsÜoj]
iwosZl lgÓkknzh vkf.k ifÜpesl leqnz- ;k e/;sp dksd.k izkar vkgs- ;sFkhy in~eiqjuxjh banziqjhizek.ks
vkgs- ;sFks Hkhedsrq ukokpk jktk jkT; djhr gksrk- rks lsrqjktkl ;q)kP;k r;kjhus lkeksjk vkyk- rks
vgadkjh gksrk- i.k uarj ‘kj.k vkyk- lsrqjktkus n;k nk[kfoyh- R;kuarj dksd.kP;k iwosZl rkih
unhP;k ifÜpesl vkHkhj izkarkr lsrqjktk vkyk ¼v-6] ‘yksd 59½
vkHkhj ns’kkr jRuk uxjhr izrki’kkyh ‘kwjlsu jktk gksrk- rks vxksnjp Hk;Hkhr >kyk gksrk-
R;kus ifjokjklg ‘kj.kkxrh iRdjyh- uarj jktk dksd.kP;k ifÜpesl xqtjkFk izkarh xsyk- gk izns’k
fgaxqykihBkiklwu leqnzki;Zar iljysyk vkgs- }hikorhuxjh] ;sFks le) vlk vuardsrw ukokpk jktk
jkT; djhr gksrk- R;kus lsrwjktkps Lokxr dsys- ex leqnz ekxkZus jktk dPN izns’kkr vkyk- iq”iiqjh
uxjhr lqjHkh jktkpk jktk gksrk- rks izFke yiwu clyk- R;kpk mis{ksus R;kx dsyk- dkefxjhiklwu
}kjdsi;ZarP;k dqary izkarkr lsrqjktk xsyk- rsFks fl)iqjhr jRuowM ukokpk jktk gksrk- R;kus lsrqjktkl
dU;knku dsys- rsFkwu fla/kq izns’kkr izos’k dsyk- fla/kqns’k yadsiklwu eRL;i;Zar eksBk gksrk- ^dY;k.k*
uxj ;sFks dkedsyh jktk gksrk- cykus Js”B jktk ;s.kkj Eg.kwu rks fparsr gksrk- Eg.kwu rg dsyk-
dkefxjhP;k nf{k.ksl ^gw.k* ukokpk ns’k- es#fxjhP;k mÙkjsl gseorh uxjh gksrh- rsFks paM’kklu
ukokpk mxz LoHkkoh jktk gksrk- xqtZjP;k iwosZl }kjdsP;k nf{k.ksl vlysY;k eyns’kh lsrqjktkps
vkxeu >kys- rsFks pkykiwj uxjhr vfXufe= jktk gksrk- rks lsrqjktkpk fe= gksrk- rsFkwu lsrqirh
flagy ns’kkl xsyk gk ns’k dkeknzhP;k nf{k.ksl o es#P;k mÙkj Hkkxh vkgs- oh.kkiwj uxjhr dke
es?kjktk ‘kkjnk eBkiklwu dqadqeknzhP;k rVki;Zar dk’ehj izkarh vkyk- rsFks /keZ uxjhr /kekZRek vlk
/keZxqIr jktk gksrk- dackstiklwu EysaNns’k iwoZHkkx ckghdns’k] dsyiqjuxjh ;sFks fiaxyjktk egkijkØeh
gksrk- lkenkl mik;kus lsrqjktkl vkiysls dj.;kr ;’k vkys- dackst izkarkuarj ikapkyns’kkiklwu
EysaNns’k nf{k.kiwoZ ioZr ojiwj uxj ;sFks nqanqHkh jktk gksrk- gk Hkkx laiwou lsrqjktk iq<s bjkd ns’kkr
17
xsyk- rsFks [kqjklu ukokpk fo’ks”k izns’k vkgs- dkfyÜoiwj uxjkr janznÙk jktk gksrk- ;k nqjkpkjh
jktkpk ijkHko d#u lsrqjktk lq[kjkKu ns’kkr xsyk- fgaxqykihBkiklwu eDdsi;Zar gk izns’k vkgs-
t;kuxjhr jktk eR;qat; gksrk- R;kyk cafnLr dsys- uarj dk’ehj o dkejipk ifÜpe spk Hkkx
HkksVns’k ufVuhiwj uxj ;sFks vkyk- rsFks fiz;oan jktk gksrk- gk eksBk /keZ’khy gksrk- ex banzizLFk b- o
ikapkyns’kh vkgs- ikVyhuxjpk ‘ka[kjktk gk banzpk eksBk Hkä gksrk- uarj ikaMÓk ns’kh lTt;uhiwj
;sFks Hkfjolq jktk vkf.k enzns’kkr Lokxr >kys- fojkV ns’k iwosZl ikaMÓkkP;k ifÜpesl dhrhZekxkZiwj
uxjpk jktk eksBk prqj gksrk- rsFks euq”;ok.khus ‘kqd cksyr gksrs- dq# ns’k] gfLrukiwj ;sFks gLrh
ukokpk ui gksrk- R;kpk ijkt; dsyk- dkslyns’k xksd.kkZP;k iwosZl vk;kZorkZP;k mÙkjsl lkSjHkqäkaP;k
ifÜpesl fl|kiwj uxjkr lq;Kjktk rlsp fla/kqns’k] banzizLFkpk jktk Jqr;’kk ;k lokZauhp eksBÓkk
xkSjokus Lokxr dsys- ¼v- 8] ‘yksd 53½
banzizLFkP;k jktk Jqr;’kkus izFke y<kbZ dsyh- R;kosGh ukjni.k fofLer >kys- vusd
vL=kaps ;sFks o.kZu vkgs- R;kuarj lsrqjktk phu ns’kkr x syk- ekuls’k izns’k ekul ljksojkps bZ’kkU;
fn’ksl vkgs- os.kkiwj ;sFks ueks/ku ukokpk jktk gksrk- rks iGwu xsyk- usikGkr tVsÜojkiklwu
Hkksfxuhi;Zar izkar vlwu ikfjtkriwjuxj ;sFks ef.kdsrq jktk gksrk- uarj fonsgns’kh xsyk- xaMdhunhiklwu
paikj.;ki;Zar fefFkyk uxjhr fueh jktk gksrk- ex/k ns’kkr O;kls’kkiklwu rIrdqaMki;ZarP;k Hkkxkr
ikVyhiq= uxjhr izriu jktk gksrk- dSyklkiklwu lj;qi;Zarpk izns’k vlwu rsFks lksedkuxjhr ‘kknqZy
jktk gksrk- rh uxjh yqVyh- ;oØk.k ns’k djrks;ku unhiklwu xqyns’ki;Zar vlwu rsFks flagiwj ;sFks
izHkatu u`i gksrk- R;kus vU;k;kus Hkkokyk inP;qr dsys gksrs- R;k T;s”B Hkkokl lq/kekZl iq% jkT;koj
clfoys- ekRlns’kh vyiqfyan ns’k vlwu ;k mÙkjsl dPNns’k] ifÜpesl fojkV uxjh dfiy jktk
gksrk- R;kus vkiyh dU;k jykoyhl viZ.k dsys- rh vR;ar lqan gksrh- ¼v- 8] ‘yksd 55½
jktkjke o lhrsizek.ks gk fookg Qkj FkkVkus >kyk- frps uko deyk{kh gksrs- xkSMns’k ;sFks
<Gdkiqjh ¼<kDdk½ ;sFks panzdsrwps jkT; gksrs- rks eksBk nku’kwj gksrk- dke#i czãiq= e/khy dSd;
ns’kkr panzuxj ;sFks fo’kkjn ukokpk jktk gksrk- R;kus lqo.kZ iq”ikus o”kkZo dsyk- dke#ins’kh
dkysÜoj ÜosrioZr] f=iqjk uhyi;Zar toGhyp jaxkiwj jkT;kr vkStZLoy jktkcjkscj ;q) >kys-
f’kykgê ns’kh vyf’kygêk uxjhr dkfydjktk gksrk- iqfyanns’k uhyiwj uxj ;sFks oØ?kks”k jktk
gksrk- mRdy ns’kh txékFktoG iq#”kksÙke uxjhr ;Kiky jktk gksrk- uarj vka/kzns’kh eRL;uxnh
Jh’kSy iwoZ Hkkxkr dkenksg jktk] ‘kkL=K dfyaxns’k dwekZpy rs Ñ”.kkleqnz o”k.orh uxjh] HkwfjHknz
;kus vkiY;k Hkfxuhl fnys- dfyax ns’kkrhy paikuxjh ;sFks ‘kwj?kkrh jktkcjkscj y<kbZ >kyh- ijkHko
dsyk- fdjkr n s’kkr Jo.kksiwj uxj fudV nqjkph lSohj ns’kh fl)iqjh uxjhr leind jktk gksrk- gk
eksBk jkeHkä gksrk- voarh flagiqjh ;sFks dq#foank ui gksrk- R;kP;koj fot; feGfoyk- fojkV ns’k]
banzizLFk] lniZd jktk] fe=ou] voarhnsoh ‘kSykfnzP;k ok;O;sl foeykiqjhpk jktk dq#irh]
‘kkY;ekyons’k xksnkojhP;k mÙkj Hkkxkl gfj.khuxjhpk flagukn jktk] Hknzdkyh eBkiklwu iwoZ vkf.k
jkenqxZP;k ifÜpesl fonHkkZr dqafMriwj vuaxeaxy gk cy’kkgh ‘kkld gksrk- gk loZ Hkkx laiwou ex
lsrqjktk ccZj ns’kh xsyk- gk ccZjns’k ek;kiqj rs lRiJaxki;Zar vl wu [ksVdiwj uxjhr #Dedsrq jktk
gksrk] R;kpk ijkHko dsyk-
rSyax ns’kkr Jh’kSY; rs pkSyijh ekfyuh uxjhrhy lqcqf)jktkdMs rsyax o nzohM e/khy
pksyns’kkl vkyk- dqaHkdks.kepk ohjykspu jktk] nzfeMns’k] rkezi.khZ unhiklwu jRukpyjkgr
ioZr&naMe/kqjk uxjh] ikaMÓk jktk] dsjG ns’k] ek;iwjuxjh xeu dsys] ohjdsjG jktkus rhu’ks L=hjRu
fnys- ey;kr ns’kkrhy eqdkafcdk iklwu ey;ikaMÓk i;Zarpk egkiqjhpk udsljh jktk gksrk- R;kP;k
HksVhl dukZVdkr vkyk- jkeukFk rs Jhjax ‘ksoVi;Zar Jhjaxiqjh o /kuat; jktk R;kpk ijkHko dsyk-
18
;kizek.ks Hkjr [kaMkrhy 56 yksdkauk R;kus vafdr dsys- fdaiq#”kkfn- [kaM rFkk bykor o”kkarjkP;k
vxE; LFkkukl ftafdys- iY{k ‘kkYeyh }hi i.k ?ksrys- tyLFky vkdk’k ekxkZr R;kph xfr
vdqafBr >kyh- yksdkyksd ukokP;k e;kZnsi;Zarps yksd R;kl o’k >kys- ¼v- 8] ‘yksd 58½
iq<s fnd~ikyoj i.k fot; feGfo.;kph vk’kk ok<yh- lSU;kl ikBowu rks vL=fo|kfuiq.k
v’kk vHkhfLir ns’kkdMs xsyk- banzkP;k LoxZiqjhr uanuou vkf.k v#.k jfoeaMy ikgwu rks vkuanyk-
rsFks ‘ksdMks vkdk’k;ku ¼foeku½ gksrs- dYio{kkph jkax gksrh- oSt;ar jkT;Hkou] banzkpk vÜo o R;k
mPpsJokps f[ka[kkG.ks] vkdk’k jkaxsrhy gÙkhph tyfØMk] fl) fdéj xa/koZ ;kaP;k dysus vkxGh
‘kksHkk gksrh- 7 e#r] 8 olq] 9 xzg] 11 #nz] 12 lw;Z ;sFks lsosr gksrs- lq/kekZl ikgwu ofMykauk
oanu dsys- vkXus;h fn’ksl nqrk’ku ;q)kl vkyk- iq<s ;ejktk toG vkyk- uS_R; fn’ksl jk{klkaps
jkT; gksrs- o#.k] ok;qnso] dqcsj] Hkxoku ‘kadj ;kaP;klg lérhl ijr vkyk- ¼v- 9] ‘yksd 55½
iFohps ‘kklu lérhl vkjaHkys- rhu yksdkapk fotsrk lsrqP;k lsosl nsorkx.k i.k vkys- ;k
oSHkokr rks dqekxhZ cuyk] banz] lkse] vXuh ;k nsorkaps gou vkiY;k toGp vk.k.;kph vkKk
>kyh- frUgh f=dkG vkiY;kyk izek.kk djkok- ;Kkr vkiysp uko ?;kos] ea=xr vXuh b-P;k
tkxh lsrqjktkpkp iz;ksx djkok- fo”.kw o f’ko ;kapk i.k R;kx djkok- ehp ,dek= vkgs v’kh
vkKk >kyh- R;kps nwr ;keqGs lokZauk =kl nsÅ ykxys- nq”V Hkkousus fgeky;koj xsyk- czkã.k i.k
fpafrr >kys- ukjn nsoyksdkr xsY;koj nsokauh ;koj mik; lkaxkok vls lqpfoys- f’kokP;k ojkus
lsrqjktk mUer cuyk o foifjr ?kMr vkgs vls EgVys- f}ikn] prq”iknkuk rks vo/; vkgs- vkrk
f’koi.k R;kyk ftadw ‘kd.kkj ukgh- dsoG czãfu”B czkã.kkpk ‘kkip R;kyk u”V d# ‘kdsy vlk
mik; Bjyk- czãgR;k] firgR;k] xksgR;k] ekr`gR;k] HkzkrgR;k dj.kkjs ‘kkL= fofgr vuq”Bku dsY;kus
nh?kkZ;q gksrkr i.k czã’kkikus ‘kkfirkl lksMfork ;sr ukgh- czã’kkikl dqByk mik; ukgh- enksUer
lsrqjktkP;k #ikus gs iki vorh.kZ >kys- HkhejFkhP;k lérh LFkkuh vkJe vkgs- ukjk;.kkP;k /;kukr
ukjk;.kequh vkgsr- rs ftrsafnz;] ‘kkar vkf.k Øks/kfot;h rih dYeijfgr vkgsr- R;kaph lqanj iRuh
mToy vkgs- iRuhlg equh rsFks vkgsr- lsrqjktkl rsFks iksgkspokos vkf.k R;keqGs rks eksfgr gksÅu
vukpkj djhy o equh Øks/k ;sÅu ‘kki nsrhy- ukghrj rks uk’k iko.kkj ukgh- ek;sus ex mRié
djk- ;k mik;kph fufÜprh gksrkp nso LoLFkkuh xsys- ¼v- 11] ‘yksd 38½
ukuk izdkjP;k exkauk rsFks vk.kwu lksMys- ukuk iq”ikapk lqxa/k R;k lqanj exkuk ;sr gksrk-
jktkP;k nwrkauh vla[; vkf.k fofo/k lqanj e`xkapk okl vfydMs >kyk vls jktkyk dGfoys- rs
dq.kkyk /kjrk ;sr ukghr- izklknko#u rs foyksHkuh; n’; jktkus ikfgys- R;kaps lkSan;Z] R;kaph xrh
;kus rks vkÑ”V >kyk- rsFks nsorkaph ;ksxek;k gksrh- jk.;kalg lsrqjktkus rs n’; voyksdu dsys
gksrs-
vkÜo;ksZiknd ex R;kr dkgh lw;Zpanz dkarhps gksrs- banz/kuq”;kP;k jaxkps eksgd gksrs- ex
efx;kcjkscj fogkj djhr gksrs- rks dGi fogkjkdfjrk jk.;kauh vk.k.;kph fouarh dsyh- jktk i.k
[kwi larkiyk- jktk rkRdkG /kuq”;ck.k ?ksÅu fu?kkyk- prqjaxlsuk gksrh- lokZauh exkauk os<ys- ex
iGkys- lSU;kaph nSuk >kyh- dq.kkP;kgh ck.kkus rs fo) >kys ukghr- lSU; Fkdys- jktkp jFkk#<
gksÅu fu?kkyk- fparke.khrqY; ex ikgwu jktk osMk >kyk- rks ex R;k dGikpk jktk gksrk-
jkepanzkizek.ks rks R;k ekxs xsyk- ekx ?ksr rks nw:u xsyk- foJkekdfjrk ,dk fBdk.kh Fkkacyk- rsFks
,d vkJe gksrk- ex toG vkyk vls Hkklr vlrkukp ex vn’; gksbZ- foJkarhl jktk R;k
vkJekr vkyk- ¼v- 12] ‘yksd 36½
19
jktk uO;k tksekus fQjr jkfgyk- rsFks R;kl lqanj dk;k r#.kh fnlyh- rh R;k ukjk;.k
equhph iRuh gksrh- jktk rs lkSan;Z ikgwu ?kk;kG >kyk- eksglkxjkr cqMkyk- frps loZ vo;o R;kl
Qkj foyksHkuh; Hkklys- R;k ifrozrsus dFku dsys dh irhnso vuq”Bkukl xsys vkgsr- frP;k izsekph
;kpuk dsyh- vkiyh iRuh cu.;kph fouarh dsyh- equhtoG dks.krs lq[k ykx.kkj vkgs\ i.k gh
;kpuk r.kor ekuwu frus fuHkZRluk dsyh- banziq= Eg.kwu vgadkjh cuykl- vkiyh Lrqrh Lor%p
dj.kkjk rw ew[kZ vkgsl gs lqukoys- vkFkoZ.k Jdqrhl mYya?k.kkjk uk’k ikorks vls ctkoys- ek>s
irh rqyk HkLe djrhy vls Eg.kwu rh ;K ‘kkGsr xsyh- lsrqjktkus cGtcjhus fryk jFkkoj ?ksrys
o rks vkiY;k izklknkr vkyk- riLoh fL=;kauh vkdkar dsyk- fryk izyksHkukpk iz;Ru dsyk-
cykRdkj dj.;kps ;ksftys- nksu efgU;kP;k ozrkr eh vkgs- R;k dkGkr R;kus dqByk =kl nsÅ u;s
vls nklhauk lqpfoys- ulrk izk.kR;kxkph Hkhrh ?kkryh- ;k dkykuarj eh rqephp vkgs vls
lkafxrY;kus jktk izlé >kyk- fryk nklhaP;k cankscLrkr Bsoyh- ¼v- 13] ‘yksd 69½
ek/;kUg vuq”Bku mjdwu equh vkJekr vkys- iRuhl gkd ekjyh- vU; _”khiRuhauh >kyk
oÙkkar dFku dsyk- panzeq[khl jktkus cGtcjhus usY;kps lkafxrys- egkizy; #nzkP;k Øks/kkus equh
larkiys- equhtukalg izklknkr xsys- i.k rs ,dVsp iq<s >kys- egku {kksHk eukr vlysys equh
izy;dkG vXuhizek.ks Hkklys- yksd ?kkcjys- loZ turk jktkph fuank d# ykxys- leqnzkpk naHk
gj.k dj.;kl vxLrh tUeys- Hknzdkyhl vls iki lgu gksr ukgh- v’kk nq”V jktkpk rh ‘kkikus
{k.kkr uk’k djrs- vkiY;k vuq”Bku rikpk {k; dj.kkj ukgh vls equhauh Bjfoys- lHkkln o
vekR; ;kauh i.k jktkl mins’k dsyk- i.k jktk dq.kkps ,sdsuk- myV R;k czkã.kkl /kDds nsÅu
?kkyfo.;kr vkys- ‘kkikfouk gs dke dls gksbZy ;kpk fopkj equh djhr gksrs- vkJekr ijr vkys-
jktkus irhpk vieku dsyk R;keqGs rh ifrozrk txnacsph izkFkZuk d# ykxyh- o`/n jktiqjksfgrk
djoh frus fujksi fnyk- irhijk;.k iRuh nq%[kkr vkgs gs dGfoys- ,d efgU;kP;k ozrkps lksax iq<s
dsys R;keqGs l/;k lqjf{kr vkgs gs Li”V dsys- vkiyh dqynsork fgaxqyk HkzkejhnsohP;k disus
‘kkikfouk rks ejsy ;kph dYiuk fnyh- rhp Hkxorh #ikarjkus Jh’kSykoj vkgs- R;k nksUgh LFkkukaiSdh
,dk LFkGh tk.;kph lwpuk fnyh- frP;k Ñisus gs vfj”V tk.kkjs gksrs- eh ;sFks fgaxqyk nsohph
vkjk/kuk djhr vkgs- fgaxqyk nsohP;k Js”B Hkzkejh {ks=kl Rojhr tk.;kl foufoys R;keqGs equh
Jh’kSykoj tk.;kl izoÙk >kys- ¼v- 14] ‘yksd 51½
ukjk;.kequh HkhejFkhP;k] Ñ”.ksP;k] os.kkP;k rVkus Jh’kSy ioZrkoj vkys- izFke
efYydktqZukl iz.kke dsys- Hkzejafcdsph Lrqrh dsyh- frus R;kl fgaxqyk LFkkuh vkys- rsFks [kkyhy
Hkkxkl txnack vkgs- nsohps n’kZu ?ksrys- pkj gkr] panzkle #i] rhu us= vkf.k nf{k.k Hkkxh nksu
gkrkr [kVokax vkf.k [kaM okegLrh ikuik= o f=’kqG vkf.k vlqjkauk rqMfo.kkjh v’kh Hkzkejh nsoh
izlé >kyh- ;k nsohph ljLorh] egky{eh] mek Eg.kwu mikluk gksrs- ;k fBdk.kh rs izlé >kys-
¼v- 15] ‘yksd 36½
txnack izdV >kyh- Lrqrh dsyh- oÙkkar o nq%[k dFku dsys- efg”kklqj] ‘kqaHkfu’kqaHk ekjys
rls lsrwl ekjkos vls foufoys- nsohus fopkj dsyk- nf{k.k pj.kkrwu rhu Hk zej yksfgro.kkZps oS”.ko]
‘kkä] ‘kadj ukokps gksrs o nqlÚ;k pj.kkrwu ikaMqjo.kkZps nksu Hkzej f’koLo#i vls cSand vkf.k
uknd ukokps gksrs- vls iapHkzej lq;Zrstkizek.ks fnir gksrs- R;kauk ekf.kdi=kr ?kkywu nsohus ukjk;.k
equhl fnys- gs Hk`axik= MksD;koj ?ksÅu uxjhr tk.;kl vkKk dsyh- rh lk/oh ek>h fiz; vkgs gs
lqpfoys- rw iw<s tk- eh leLr ifjokjklg ;srs- dqByh ‘kadk eukr vk.kw u;s- ekxs u ikgrk iq<s
20
pkyr tkos- ekÖ;k vkxeukps lw= Hksjh enaxkpk vkokt ,sdr iq<s pkyr jkgk- ekxs ikfgY;kl eh
rsFksp jkghu v’kh lwpuk fnyh-
ukjk;.kequh rs Hkaxik= ?ksÅu pkyr gksrs- nsohcjkscj ekrk] vusd ‘käh ifjpkfjdk gksR;k
nsokauh nqanHkh oktoyh- mRlkgkr equh dkfduhrhjh vkys- rsFks dqary ukokps uxj gksrs- laxesÜoj
egknso vkgs- ueLdkj dsyk] txUekrk HkhejFkhP;k rVkoj vkyh- equhauh ‘kr#nz ti dsyk- nsohpk
ifjokj rsFks dkfduhr fogkj djhr gksrk- R;k dksykgykr vU; dkgh ,sdko;kl u vkY;kus equhuh
laHkzekus ekxs ikfgys- R;keqGs ifjokjklg txnack fgaxqyk rsFksp jkfgyh- dkfduh o Hkheklaxekojp
jkfgyh- gs dqaryiwjP;k ifÜpesl guxqaB {ks=kr ?kMys- nsohiq<s equh vkys- iz.kke dsyk- nsohus fLer
djhr EgVys- eh lwpuk nsÅugh rw izeknkus ekxs ikfgysl] eh ;sFksp jkgrs] rw fuHkZ;i.ks iq<s tk- gs
Hkzej R;kps izk.k ?ksrhy ;k HkzejkaP;k vkdkjkr eh vkgs- R;k lsrqjktkiq<s vkFk.kZoh_pk Eg.kkoh-
^vL;asnzL; dqekjL; Ñeh /kuifrtfgAA* v’kh gh _pk vkgs- deh /kuirh ukokph
HkzejkfHkekuh nsork vkgs- eh mxz ea=kus ‘k=wauk ekjys vkgs- grizk; v’kk ‘k=wl vkrk rw ekj.ks-
^grfoÜo vjkr; mxzs.koplkAA* ;k mxzea=kus ik=kps vkPNknu dk<kos vkf.k ikpgh Hkzejkauk
lksMkos- gs ikp Hkzej vla[; cuwu xtioZr vkdkj ?ksrhy o rks nq”V ejsy vls vkÜoklu fnys-
dqByhgh ‘kadk u Bsork ekÖ;k ukokph xtZuk djkoh- dksVÓkko/kh Hkzej fuekZ.k gksÅu dk;Z lk/ksy-
dkgh Hkzej ijek.kq izek.ks vfrlw{e ‘k=wapk uk’k djrhy- lRoj tk- rsOgk R;k pj.kkauk oanu djhr
equh xsys- rsFks banzklg nsokauh nsohph iwtk dsyh- ¼v- 16] ‘yksd 63½
txnack nsoh rsFksp jkfgyh- ‘ksdMks o lgL=ko/kh ;ksfxuh rsFks vkY;k- rsOgkiklwu guxqaB {ks=
izfl)hl vkys- ukjk;.kequh lsrqjktkP;k uxjhr vkys- R;kus iwoZ lwpuk fnyh i.k rks mUer jktk
,sdsuk- migkl djhr gksrk- equhl rkMu djkos- rs ik= ?;kos v’kh lwpuk lsodkauk R;kus fnyh-
R;kl cka/kwu Bso.;kph vkKk >kyh- equhauh rs ik= /kj.khoj Vkdys- rRdkG oS”.ko ukokP;k Hkzejkus
108 #i /kkj.k dsys- iqu% ngkiV >kys- R;krhy izR;sd ngkiV gksr ngk y{k >kys- oS”.ko Hkzej 1
dksVh 80 gtkj >kys- ‘kadj laKd Hkzej “kMxqukauh ok<r gksrs- lkSj] xk.kir] Ldkan] ukx] HkSjo] jkSnz
gs izR;sdh 12@12 Lo#i gksrs- R;krwu izR;sdh 7@7 la[;sus pkj osGsl ok<r xsys- ,dw.k 28800
>kys- R;kr ,dkps 21 izdkj gksr- iqu% pkSiV ok<ys] rs 80053 >kys- R;kr iqu% 76@76 Hksn
gksrs- R;krwu iqu% izR;sdh rhu Lo#i >kys- gs lgkiV ok<wu rs 3888 >kys- ikp Hkzej iqu% 5@5
izdkjps ,dw.k 1250 >kys- ;krwu ,dk Hkzejkps 68 izdkj gksrs- uarj rs izR;sdh 11@11 ;kizek.ks
,dw.k 9]59]000 >kys- jkS| Hkzejkps 588 uarj ‘kkäHkzej 108 izdkjps vkys- uarj izR;sdh 9 iV
loZ feGwu 7]15]000 vls foHkä >kys- ;kr 139 tksMI;kus 7]15]139 >kys gs loZ nsohP;k
iknkjfoankrwu fu?kkys- okepj.kkrwu uknd rFkk cSand Hkzejkr uknd Hkzej 15700- rs 66P;k la[;sus
ifjf.kr >kys- vkf.k f}xqf.kr >kys- HkxorhP;k nf{k.k pj.k Hkkxkrwu fu?kkysY;k iwoksZä HkzejkP;k
‘kjhjkpk vkdkj ok<w ykxyk- vkf.k rs iqu% pkSiV gksr gksrs- vkf.k okepj.kkP;k uknd Hkzejkaph
la[;k vkB osGk nqIiV >kyh- R;kaP;k ewG la[;sr ok<ysyh la[;k otk dsY;kl 4]20]330 gksrs-
cSand Hkzej ukVdizek.ks u ok<rk ifjek.kkus ok<r gksrs- vkf.k laiw.kZ czãkaMO;kih ifjek.kkps >kys-
ewy x.kksf>rpk vFkZ vlk vkgs & eqGla[;k 15766 yk otk dsY;kl ‘ks”k jkfgyh rh
la[;k 40]20]330 jkgrs- ;krwu vlk vfHkizk; fu?krks dh ukndkps vkB vo;o 1½ ukn] 2½
unh] 3½ nsoLFkku] 4½ ljksoj] 5½ okih] 6½ di] 7½ fu>Zj] 8½ iYoy- vls gs Hksn vkgsr- izFke
rs ik= tfeuhoj vk<Gys rsOgk 5 Hkzej gksrs- gs banztky vls Eg.kwu lsrwus migkl dsyk- rsOgk
21
equhauh nsohph d#.kk Hkkfdyh- R;k{k.kh lgL=ko/kh Hkzej fuekZ.k >kys- lw{e Hkzejkaph la[;k
24]33]750 gksrh- dsoG ;ksxh yksd R;kauk ikgw ‘kdr gksrs- egkHkax lewgkr vla[; gksrs- dkgh
Hkzej tacqQG] vkezQG] dfiRFkQG] ukjaxh] ukjG o rkyQGk ,o<s gksrs- dkgh f’kyk[kaM rj
dkgh ioZrizk; gksrs- R;kaP;keqGs va/kkj iMyk gksrk- dkyjk=hpk rks izdkj gksrk- Hkzejkaps ia[k
otzkizek.ks gksrs- ;ejktkps rs losd cuys gksrs- lsrqjktk] lSU;] R;kP;k jk.;k ;kauk R;kauh iks[k#u
dk<ys- R;k HkzejkaP;k xqatkjokr vU; dkgh ,sdw ;sr uOgrs- R;keqGs vkdk’kkr izdk’k ulkok rlk
va/kkj iMyk- dkgh Hkzej pØkdkj fQjr gksrs- gÙkh] ?kksMs ;kaP;k ‘kjhjkr fcGs r;kj >kyh- loZ=
gk%gk%dkj ektyk- lsrqjktk Ros”kkus pkywu vkyk- ¼v- 17] ‘yksd 58½
lsrqjktkus ck.kkus vusd Hkzejkapk uk’k dsyk- rqdMs dsys- R;k rqdMÓkkrwu iqu% vla[; Hkzej
gksr- vXus; vL=] ,sanzkL=] lkfo=] ;kE;] ok;o~] dkScsj] czäkL=] lqn’k ZupØ vls loZ egku vk;q/k
foQy Bjr gksrs- R;kaP;k ‘kjhjkl Hkzej Mlw ykxys- ‘ksoVh jktkus i’kqir lksMys- R;kosGsl loZ nso
i.k Hk;Hkhr >kys- R;k vL=kph nsokauh iwtk dsyh- ¼v- 17] ‘yksd 58½
loZ Hkzej R;k ik’kqir vL=kl ?kkcjys- rs loZ Hkzej fgaxqyk ihBkP;k LFkkuh HkxorhP;k
pj.kktoG xsys- rj ik’kqir R;kauk gqMdhr loZ yksdkr fgaMr gksrs- rs u feGkY;kus ik’kqir vL=
nsohP;k LFkkuh vkys- nsohus mHks jkgwu R;k vL=kl nksUgh gkrkauh vknjkus vyxn mpyys- T;kizek.ks
‘kadjkus gykgy ?ksrys rls nsohps gs vn~Hkwr dk;Z ikgwu n sokauh Lrqrh dsyh- txnacspk t;t;dkj
dsyk- nsohP;k vkKkus nksUgh iknqdkrwu iqu% ikp Hkzej fu?kkys- fufe”kek=kr ijk/kZla[;sus of)axr gksr
lsrqjktkP;k uxjhr vkys- ;kauk dls ekjkos ;kpk jktk fopkj djhr vlrk rs R;kP;koj rqVwu iMys-
/kS;kZus rksaM nsr gksrk- Hkzejkauh jFk] ?kksMs ekjys- loZ vL= fudkeh >kyh- loZuk’k ikowu jktk ,dVk
mjyk- Hkzej ejrkp iqu% vla[; cur- jksefNnzkus rks fonh.kZ gksr cyghu >kyk- R;kus HkhesP;k
Mksgkr mMh ekjyh- ikrkGki;Zar nMwu clyk] Hkzejkapk Fkok R;kl gqMdhr gksrk- rs Hk;adj o)
>kysys gksrs- ikrkG] f’koyksd loZ= ihMk gksÅ ykxyh- lokZauh ukjk;.k equhaph izkFkZuk dsyh- n;sph
;kpuk dsyh- equhP;k lk/ohl vk.kwu iq<s mHks dsys- ex ukjk;.keqauh OguxqaB LFkkuh nsohdMs vkys-
rsFks nsohP;k lqo.kZe; eafnjkr n’kZu ?ksrys- izlé >kys- ¼v- 19] ‘yksd 52½
nsohph Lrqrh dsyh- nsoh izlérsus lkaxrs & ^eh loZ dkgh tk.kwu vkgs- mUer lsrwpk uk’k
Hkzejkauh dsyk vkgs- rq>s euksjFk iw.kZ >kys- loZ Hkzejkauk ;sFks ikpkj.k dsys vkgs- rs iqu% 5 cuwu
vkys- rj vkJekr ekÖ;k iknqdkaph LFkkiuk djkoh- rsFks jk=Hkj tkxkos- izkr%dkGh iknqdk vkgsr
R;k LFkkuh ek>s LFkku o ihB letkos- ek>k ;sFks izR;{k okl vkgs- R;k Hkaxik=kr iknqdk LFkkiY;k
vkgsr- eh vkrk izR;{k ;s.kkj ukgh- gh ek>h vkKk vkgs- nqanqHkh oktY;k] vIljkaps uR;] ;ksfxuh]
ekr`dk] 33 dksVh nso] fl)] ije_”khapk le wg] ;{k] fdéj] xa/koZ loZ vkys- Hkhekunh izFke
ifÜpe okfguh gksrh- rh nf{k.k okfguh cuyh- uarj mÙkj okfguh o iqu% iwoZ okfguh >kyh- banzkfn
nsokauh {k.kkrp HkhesP;k rVkoj eafnj fuekZ.k dsys- lqo.kZ rkjkaph tkGh dsyh- in~ejkx e.;kaps xksiwj
cka/kys- fgjs] ekf.kd t[kMys- fparke.kh ‘kksHksps xHkZeafnj >kys- iknqdk BsoY;k- lqeqgwrkZoj izfr”Bkiuk
>kyh- rsFks Hkxorh vkyh- frus EgVys] eh ;sFks lnk okl djrs- vkjk/kuk djkoh o panzonusl frus
oj ekx.;kl lqpfoys- panzonusus foufoys dh rqÖ;k pj.kkaph v[kaM Hkäh vlkoh- rq>h izfl)h
ekÖ;k ukokus Ugkoh- panzuukps gs {ks= cukos- ;k {ks=kph [;krh y{ehin Eg.kwu vlkoh- tks Hkä
;sFks ;sbZy o vkack Eg.kwu rqyk vkGohy R;kl loZ oSHko ykHkkos- R;kosGsl nsoh izsekus Eg.krs]
rqÖ;k panz ukokl eh Lohdkjrs- eh panzyk ukokus izfl) jkghu- rq>s uko panzkuuk vkf.k ek>s uko
22
y{eh] nksUgh ukos iwokZ/kZ tksMwu ek>s uko ^panzyk* jkghy- rw panzk ukokus y{eh#ik vkgsl- Eg.kwu
lqozrs rw ee va’k vkgsl- frUgh yksdh eh panzk ukokus izfl) jkghu- panz ukokus vkjaHk gks.kkjh loZ
ukos eyk vkoMrkr- ¼v- 19] ‘yk sd 60½
panzklg ukjk;.kequh izlérsus jkfgys- i.k ek>h ,d vfHkyk”kk vkgs vls equh Eg.kkys-
Jhjlkxj dU;ds foÜo#i fiR;kyk fgekpy nk[kfoys] rs #i eyk nk[kokos- ;k peZ p{kwauk gs ‘kD;
ukgh gs nsohus tk.kys- Eg.kwu fnO;p{kw iznku d#u fnO;#i nk[kfoys- djksMks lw;kZps rst txUekrsps
rs #i foØkG nk<k] lgL=dksVh ‘kqy /kkj.k] tVk cka/kysY;k] ‘ka[k] pØ] xnk] in~e] /kuq”;ck.k]
‘kwy loZ vkf.k eLrdkoj fdjhV] lHkksorh y{kko/kh L=h&iq#”k] dksVh la[;sr O;k?kz] x/k] x#M]
xksek;q laiw.kZ czkãkaMkl fxG.kkÚ;k R;k ewrhZps n’k Zu gksrs- czãk] misanz] #nz rsFks ureLrd >kys-
#aMekGk vkgsr] vR;ar dksVh czãkaMkl psaMw d#u [ksGohr vkgs- pkjh cktwl gkrik;] loZ= MksGs]
Mksds] eq[k vls rs fojkV #i fnlys- rs Hk;adj #i o txnacsps fnO; Lo#i vksG[kys rjh
ukjk;.kequh rs ikgwu Hk;Hkhr >kys- vkf.k iRuhP;k vk/kkjkus rs mHks jkfgys- rsOgk iRuhus eukscy
ok<fo.;kph lwpuk fnyh- vkf.k Lor%l nsohLo#i eku.;kl lwpuk fnyh- ॐdkjkps Lej.k djhr
v”V lgL=ukekus Lrqrh dsyh- iRuhlg iz.kke dsyk- vkf.k gs Hk;kud #i vkoj.;kph izkFkZuk dsyh-
o lqanj eq[kdeykus n’kZu ns.;kph fouo.kh dsyh- rsOgk nsohus ;k nksUgh Hkäkadfjrk lkSE;#i
nk[kfoys- lkSE;#ikr 2 MksGs] ,d onu] pkj Hkqtk] jäo.kZ pj.kdey o rlsp gkr vkf.k
ykyoL=h rs #i gksrs- foxzgewrhZps rst dksVh lw;kZps gksrs- ‘kjhjdkarh fcacQyrqY; jäo.kZ gksrh-
jRuHkw”k.kkus rh lq’kksfHkr gksrh- ckypanzkl d.kZHkw”k.k dsys gksrs- gs #i loZfo/k rki fuokjd gksrs-
Hkxorhus EgVys] gsp ek>s foÜo#i vkgs- ‘kSyjkt fgeky; o {khjleqnz ;kaP;kf’kok; vktoj dq.kh
ek>s fojkV #i ikfgys ukgh- rs vkt rqyk ikgrk vkys- ,dw.k rqEgh fr?kkauhp gs voyksdu dsys
vkgs- txtuuhus vuq”VHk Nankpk ,d ea= equhyk fnyk- mikluk Øe letkoyk o jgL;kps vaxi.k
nk[kfoys- R;k nks?kkaP;k MksD;koj izsekus gkr Bsoyk o Nkrhyk Li’kZ dsyk- R;kuk mBfoys o EgVys
& ckydkauks] ;k iknqdkaph vkjk/kuk djk- ikp fNnzkauh ;qä vkdk’kkus O;kIr vkiY;k pj.k}kankps
vo’ks”k Bsowu R;kr panzykack var/kkZu >kyh- R;k iknqdkrp xqIr >kyh- ¼v- 21] ‘yksd 30½
ekdZaMs; equh lkaxrkr & ef.keYykj] ujkjk;.kequhauh T;k ukokpk mPpkj d#u nsohph Lrqrh
dsyh- rs lgL=uke egÙokps vkgs- czãk] fo”.kq] egs’k vkf.k loZ Hkäkauh] fl)kauh] ljLorh] y{eh]
ikoZrh lokZauhp izkFkZuk dsyh- ,dlgL= Qqykauh iwtk d#u ikgkrks vls lqpfoys- R;kizek.ks ukos
lkaxkohr vls EgVys- rsOgk nsohus ljLorhdMs fLer djhr ikfgys rs Eg.kkyh& eqyh] vkt lgL=
ukokaph jpuk dj R;kizek.ks ljLorhus panzykack vk| v{kj pdkj iklwu vkjaHk ukokauk ljLorhus
Hkxorhiq<s Eg.kwu nk[kfoys- Hkxorh txUekrk izlé >kyh o frus ljLorhpk xkSjo dsyk-
fl)x.kkauk rs fnys o rsOgkiklwu lgL=uke izfl) >kys-
panzykack vkf.k frphp foHkwrh Lo#i Hkkjrh rs tk.krs- R;kP;k [ksjhp gk efgek dq.kh
tk.kr ukgh- Eg.kwu equh v’kkr’kkauk gs lgL=uke nsÅ u;s ;kph nsork panzykack vkf.k fofu;ksx
/keZ] vFkZ] dke] eks{k vkgs- Úgka Úgha Úgwa ÚgSa ÚgkSa Úg% ;kus dj U;kl o vax U;kl djkok- ftpk
dpHkkj ljLorh nsohP;k dysus ;qä vkgs vkf.k ftps eq[k ean ean gkL;kus meyysys vkgs- frP;k
gn;krhy n;sl lhek ukgh- ftps Lru rVrqax vkgsr] furac Hkkx foLrr vkgsr] pj.k dey vrho
23
dksey vkgsr- laiw.kZ vaxkoj /kkj.k dsysys vkHkw”k.k míhiu dkarhus ;qä vkgs- ftP;k gkrkr
/kuq”;ck.k] vadq’kik’k] ’kks/kk;eku nsrkr Jhpanzykack ukokps rst vkf.k Økarh tikiq.;kizek.ks vkgs-
R;k rstkps /;ku dsys ikfgts- gsp panzykacsps ;FkkFkZ /;ku vkgs- ‘ks”k i.k lgL=lq[kkus ;k ,dk
xq.kkps i.k o.kZu d# ‘kd.kkj ukgh- rsOgk lkekU; ekuokP;k ,dk eq[kkus dk; gksbZy- frP;k
ukeksPpkj.kkr dks.krhp ykt jkg.kkj ukgh- R;k pj.kkauk gn;h vknjiwoZd LFkkiwu lgL=ukekps o.kZu
dj.ks vkgs- gs fo}kukaP;k gn;krhy vlysY;k rikl nwj dj.;kl leFkZ vkgs- ¼v- 22] ‘yksd 14
$ 3½
3½ Hkzej Lda/k
{kwnz Hkzejkauh dsysyk ijkØe o rks bfrgkl vkf.k dkj.k ;kps foospu izFkeP;k v/;k;kr
ekdZMÓks;kl ekrZaM HkSjokauh fnys vkgs- ukjk;.kkP;k mins’kkus Hkxqus mikluk dsyh- y{ehcht
ea=k[ksjht panzykackl dkgh fiz; ukgh- leUo; ukokpk vMk.kh ^,* dkj mPpkjkus egku iafMr
>kyk- ¼v-1 yk½
ojkg eq[kkus ^,s* ^,s* fu?kkysys ‘kCn Kkunk;d fl) >kys- ox~Hko& okXchtkpk vknj
vkf.k rh vkjk/kuk djkoh- ¼v- 3 jk½
dk’kh{ks=kr ^oj.kk* vkf.k ^vfl* ;k nksu u|k okgrkr- lérh {ks=h Ñ”.kk] dkfd.kk ;k nksu
u|k vkgsr- ;k nksUgh LFkkuh nqxkZrhFkZ ¼dqaM½ vkgs- lérhl Hkhesr gs loZ dkgh vkgs- ¼v- 33 ok½
nsoh Eg.krs ,dk fpÙkkus ek>h iwtk djkoh- ‘kjn_rwr ek>h egkiwtk djkoh- ‘kkL=
fo/khuqlkj uojk=] vuq”Bkukus Ogkos] pS=] vÜohu] vk”kk<] ikS”k ;k osGsl egksRlo djkok- izfrekl
i.k fo’ks”k iwtk vlkoh- Ñ”.ki{k 14 yk nhuHkkos iwtkos- izfr v”Vehl cqf)eku eyk iwtrkr- ;k
iFohoj lkdsr ¼v;ks/;k½] lérh] dke#iihB] okjkl.kh gh ek>h pkj {ks= vkgsr- eqähph O;oLFkk
rsFks vkgs- ek>s okLrO; lérhl vkf.k vU;= Lo#ikus vkgs- lérhl rhu #ikus vkgs- izFke
egkdkyh uarj ljLorh o uarj y{eh] izfrink rs ujoeh fr?kkaph iwtk djkoh- ek>h o f’kokth
iwtk fcYoo{k ‘kk[kstoG iknqdktoG djkoh- fcYoi= vkf.k ika<js iq”i ;kus egky{ehph iwtk
Ogkoh- ewG pj.kkiklwu Jo.k u{k=kP;k vafre pj.kki;Zar djkoh- egkljLorh toG ek>s egkRE;
vlysys iqLrd pkanhP;k pkSjaxkoj Bsowu iwtkos- vfÜou ‘kq- AA8&9 frFkhl e/;jk=h ek>h iwtk
djkoh- egkuoeh frFkh VkGw u;s- v/kZjk=hP;k iwtsps egÙo vkgs- lIrehl fcYoi=kus iwtkos-
v”Vehl miokl o kxj.k vlkos- uoehl ;Fkkfo/kh iwtk Ogkoh- Ñ”ekaM] ukjG] Ål ;kaps cGh
|kosr- czkã.kkauh i’kw cGh nsÅ u;s- uoehl ‘kL=kph iwtk djkoh- jktfpUgkaph iwtk Ogkoh- ;k
fno’kh efg”kklwj ekjyk xsyk- gksGhrhy okD;iz;ksx uoehl ulkok] rls dsY;kl eh ‘kki nsrs-
jkekus uÅ fnol iwtu iz;k.k dsys rls djkos- ¼v- 14 ok½
laiw.kZ Hkkjrkr czkã.kkfn loZ o.kkZl Hktuh; Hkxorh] vkxeksä ea=kus ti] /;kukus iwtk
djkoh- uojk=kr lkax iwtkos] vfÜou] vk”kk<] ikS”k o uojk=h ozr djkos- dkejkt chtea=kps egÙo
dGY;koj dlys Hk; ukgh- ;kr Hkzejkps egÙo vkgs- ¼v- 15 ok½
Hkxoku nÙkk=s;kauh vydkZfl mins’k dsyk- rks ;ksxkpk o egÙokpk vkgs- ijczã f.k iziapkps
Kku fnys- ‘kähcht ea=kps egÙo vkgs- nqokZl vkf.k vU; ;keqGsp rjys vkgsr- R;keqGs panzykack
izlé gksrs- Hkäpj.k deyhP;k Hkzejkizek.ks yhu gksrkr- gYys[kkRed chtkus loZ ikou >kys- gs
pfj= iq.;dkjd vkgs- ¼v- 22 ok½
tuknZu] czãk] f’ko] taHkklqjkl ekj.kkjs loZp y{ehcht Lej.kkus ‘kh?kz fl)h izkIr djrs
>kys- lérh {ks=h nsohP;k vkjk/kusdfjrk gs loZ vkys gksrs- R;kuh rsFks ri dsys- ¼v- 39 ok½
24
jk{klo/kkuarj nsokauh nsohph v”VksÙkj’kr ukokus Lrqrh dsyh-¼v- 49 ok½
cgLirh] bnzkfn nsokauh lérhl ;sÅu ;k pj.k ;qxqykaps n’kZu ?ksrys- nso] _”kh vkf.k ;ksxh
iq#”kkauh nsohph Lrqrh dsyh vkgs- ¼v- 50 ok½
iapHkzejks[;ku ;kr ^okx~Hko* ^dkejkt* ^ijk* ^Jh* ^gYys[kk* chtkps ekgkRE; vkysys vkgs-
;kaP;k iB.kkus o tikus loZ fl)h izkIr gksrkr ¼v- 51 ok½
eyk fpjathfoRo izkIr >kys o lsosps QG ykHkys- ;keqGs nsohps lkfé/; iknqdkar ykHkys-
;k HkzejLda/k iB.kkus loZ iki ifjgkj gksÅu euksdkeuk iw.kZ gksrkr- ¼v- 53 ok½
4½ mikluk Lda/k
ewyea= &
JhlsrqHkwiky lagkj izfo.ks JhpanzykafcdsA
ueLrqH;a f’kos ‘kkars Rof=Hkfäa iz;PNu%AA ¼v- 1 yk½
panzykacsP;k iwtsl csy] Jhlqä] gGn gs vR;ko’;d vkgsr- eankj] dqeqn] ekyrh] dsoMk]
u|korZ] d.gsj] paid fo’ks”kr% ykydey ;kapk mi;ksx djkok-
panzykack mikldkauh JhizkfIrdfjrk ¼miSrq eka nsol[kk½ i’kq/kukdfjrk ¼vÜoiokZe~½ ;k Jhlwä
_pkapk ti djkok- mikldkauh dsoG yo.k vkf.k rhG inkFkZ otZ djkosr- rksaMkyk gGn yko.ks
fuf”k) vkgs- foYoi=] deGnzks.ko{k ;kauk MksD;koj Bsow u;s- ÜosroL=] Üosriq”iekyk] Üosrpanu
;kapk mi;ksx djkok- Hkzejkaph fgalk d# u;s- rs panzyksiklusps vax vkgs- iapeh vkf.k lIrehl ehB
o veyd otZ djkos- fcYo dk”Vkus nar/kkou d# u;s- ikSf.kZek frFkhl f[kjhcjkscj fcYo cht
Hk{k.k djkos- f=dkG fcYo o{kkl oanu djkos- ikfÜpekfHkeq[k gksÅu tsokos- ¼v- 2 jk½
ewyea=kus fo/kh;qä r;kj dsysY;k gGnhus egky{eh panzyk o eSykj Hkxokukph iwtk djkoh-
lkseokj vFkok d”.ki{k prqnZ’kh ;k nks?kkaph iwtk djkoh- ‘kqØokj ‘kqDy i{k prqnZ’kh o ikSf.kZek
iwtk vo’; djkoh- ¼v- 3 jk½
panzyk dop & nsrrk panzyk _”kh Hkxoku czãk vuq”Vi Nankps vkgs- dopkps ikB loZ jksx
ifjgkj dj.kkjs vkgs- loZ fl)h izkIr dj.kkjs vkgs- ;k dopkP;k iB.kkus Hk; uk’k ikorkr-
otzrqY; vkgs- dopkus vfHkeaf=r nq/k ok ik;l rhu eaMG ¼120 fnol½ ?ksrY;kl eqD;kyk i.k
euksgj ok.kh ykHkrs- vfHk;af=r yks.kh oa/;k L=hus 6 efgus ?ksrY;kl iq= izkIrh gksrs- nh?kkZ;q”;
ykHkrs- o oa’kfoLrkj gksrks- o”kZHkj iB.kkus y{eh izkIrh gksrs- panzykack Lo#i ykHkrs- lw;Z] panzxzg.k]
fo”kqo laØkarh] v;u laØkarhl 108 osGk iB.kkus gs dop fl) gksrs- uarj dsoG iB.kkus euksjFk
iw.kZ gksrkr- iwtsP;k vkjaHkh dop Eg.kwu iwtk djkoh- dopkeqGs mikldkl dqBys fo?u ;sr ukgh-
¼v- 4 Fkk½
3½ rhFkZ Lda/k
ekdZMÓks;kauh ekrZaM HkSjokl Hkhesps egÙo o.kZu d#u lkafxrys- egkunh Hkhek Eg.kwu gh 66
dksVh rhFkkZph jk.kh vkgs- Hkhek&banzk.kh] Hkhek&uhjk] ewGkewBk&Hkhek ;k LFkkukaph fo’ks”k iq.;kbZ
vkgs- ikaMqjax {ks=h rj egÙo fo’ks”k vkgs- ekrfyaxk] /kwfy[ksV] [ksV] HkwfjHknzk vkf.k nf{k.kokfguh
cjkscj HkwfjHknzklaxe vkf.k HkxorhP;k lérhl rh Qkj ifo= vkgs- eankfduh iaprhFkkZl Hkzkejh i.k
feGrs- lérhP;k rhFkZ nsookfndkaps o.kZu] d”.kkHkhek laxekps o.kZu rso<sp egÙokps vkgs- lérh
25
;sFkhy rhFkZ Hkäheqäh iznku dj.kkjs vkgs- Hkhek’kadj ;k {ks=kiklwu Ñ”.ksl feGsi;Zarpk loZ Hkhespk
Hkkx Qkj iq.;dkjd vkgs- egkxq#in] czkãhin] ‘kkaHkohin] v’kh LFkkus vkf.k oS”.kohin o y{ehin
;ke/;s 18 rhFksZ vkgsr- dj.kegk fo|k 12 pØ vkf.k JhpØkr 96 nsorkRed rhFkZ vls ,dw.k
78 rhFkZ vkgsr- y{ehinkr 44 rhFkZ vkgsr laiw.kZ O;kdj.k ‘kkL=kr v/;;ukl dks.krk xq# ykHkyk
ukgh] rsOgk izR;{k guqear ;sFks vkys] R;kauh nsohps n’kZu ?ksrys- lérh ;sFks ti dsyk- vuqxzgkus
lw;kZph mikluk dsyh- rs guqerhFkZ ;sFks fuekZ.k >kys- f’kokP;k lqpusus Hkxoku fo”.kw ;sFks vkys-
fo”.kwrhFkZ cuys- rlsp ;sFks Jhfoykldj rhFkZ] lhrkrhFkZ] jkerhFkZ cuys- Jhy{ehp leLr fo|sph
vkfn nsork vk/khÜojh vkgs- ¼v- 2 jk½
fo”.kwrhFkZ] jkes’krhFkZ ;kaP;ke/;s 12 vkfnR; rhFkZ vkgsr- }kn’kkfnR; rhFkZp ^rstLdj*
Eg.koys tkrkr- ;k rhFkkZoj johnku djkos- lw;Zukjk;.kkP;k ukos 12 izfrek nku dj.ks- ukep ea=#i
vkgs- lksesÜojkP;k toG lkserhFkZ vkgs- ;sFks jksx fuoÙkh gksrs- xq#P;k Hkk;sZps vigj.k dsY;kus panz
{k;jksxh >kyk- R;kus panzykacsps n’kZu ?ksrys vkf.k nsohP;k Ñisus rks iw.kZ cjk >kyk- i.k {k; vkf.k
o)h gks.ks vkjaHkys] rsOgkp lksesÜojkph LFkkiuk >kyh- fo”.kqrhFkZ vkf.k lkserhFkZ ;ke/;s ukjnrhFkZ
vkgs- ukjn ;sFks ?kksj riÜp;kZ djhr gksrs- eh dygfiz; vlY;kus R;kps iki eyk ulkos vls R;kauh
foufoys gksrs- ;k xks”Vhps izfrd Eg.kwu gs rhFkZ- gs rhFkZ dygksRiknd o dyg fouk’kd vkgs- ;k
rhFkkZtoG o;klrhFkZ vkgs- O;klkauh ;sFks nsohps n’kZu ?ksrys- ,d o”kZHkj rs ;sFks gksrs- ;sFkwup R;kauk
iqjk.k jpuspk izlkn nsohus fnyk- O;klLe`rh xzaFk vkgs- R;kauh Luku dsys rs gs rhFkZ- ;kuarj gfjÜpanz
rhFkZ vlwu R;k jktkus vÜoes/k dsyk] rh ik=rk ykHk.;kdfjrk ;sFks dik laiknu dsyh- R;kauh laiw.kZ
pS= ekl ;sFks lsok dsyh o QG ykHkys- vxLrh _”khi.k ;sFks vkys- R;kauh czãfo|k izkfIrdfjrk
;sFks ;k rhFkkZoj okl dsyk- rsOgk nsohph dik >kyh- rs lokZpk;Z cuys- LdanrhFkZ vkgs- ;kps iwoZsl
#nzrhFkZ vkgs- dkydwV fo”k izk’kukus >kysyk nkg ;sFks ‘keyk- ;sFks vdjk fnol Hkxoku ‘kadj gksrs-
;k rhFkkZr Luku d#u #nzewrhZ nku dj.ks egÙokps vkgs- ;k rhu rhFkkZps mÙkjsl xk;=h rhFkZ vkgs-
;sFksp foÜofe=kauh xk;=hph vkjk/kuk dsyh gksrh- czãrhFkkZ toGp lIr_”kh rhFkZ vkgs- bZ’kkU;
cktwus Hkhekunh izokfgr gksrs- rsFks y{ehrhFkZ vkgs- vk;q”dj rhFkZ o toGp ekdZaMÓks; rhFkZ&ewG
iknqdk LFkkiwu ukjk;.k equhoj lqo.kZ deykus izks{k.k dsys rs iq”dj rhFkZ- y{ehin rhFkkZoj y{ehps
ozr o fo”.kq xk;=hus iwtk djkoh- iq”dj rhFkZtoG ekrdkrhFkZ vkgs- nsoh ;sFks vkyh rsOgk lIr
ekr`dk i.k vkY;k- rsFks nsoh ojkus loZ fl)hdj cuys- nqxkZ izdV >kyh rs nqxkZ rhFkZ cuys-
b”VQGizn rhFkZ ekurkr- ;sFkwu iq<s x.ks’krhFkZ ;klp fparke.kh rhFkZ Eg.krkr- R;kuarj {ks=iky rhFkZ
;kl vFkZdj rhFkZ vlsgh uko vkgs- {ks=ikykl x.ks’kkus ;sFksp n’kZu fnys- ;kiSdh xkSre {ks=ikykl
fparke.kh egkea= fnyk- okensokl vU; ea= ykHkys- loZ fl)hizn rhFkZ vlk oj x.ks’kkus fnyk-
R;kuarj egkijerhFkZ o ukjk;.k rhFkZ ;k fBdk.kh vgadkjkph fuo`Ùkh gksrs- gs loZp rhFkZ fl)h iznku
dj.kkjs o rikl ;ksX; vkgsr- ¼v- 4 Fkk½
Hkxorh panzykackps 64 izfl) Hkä frUgh yksdkar 64 dysrhy #ikus izfl) vkgsr-
lokZauhp ;k {ks=h Hkhesr Luku dssys- ukjk;.k rhFkkZl nksu Hkkxkr of’k”B foÜokfe= rhFkZ vkgs] rsFksp
gfjÜpanz dkSf’kdrhFkZ vkgs- ;kP;k iwosZl ikaMo rhFkZ] nzkinhrhFkZ vls ,dw.k 6 rhFksZ vkgssr- ikaMo
vKkroklkr vlrkuk ;sFks ,d efguk okl d#u gksrs- nsohP;k vkKsusp rs fojkV uxjhr xsys- ;k
rhFkkZoj ikaMokaP;k 5 ewrhZps nku djkos- nzkSinhrhFkkZoj efg”khnku egÙokps vkgs- gs xksnkuk izek.ks
vkgs- ¼v- 5 ok½
26
;k iwosZl daMqrhFkZ vkgs- ;kiq<s esudkrhFkZ] ;ksxh rqac#P;k vkKsus R;kuh ;sFks iki {kkyukFkZ
lérh ;sFks Luku dsys o lsok dsyh- ;keqGs daMqequhps iwoZ riÜp;kZ QG f}xqf.kr >kys- riksHkax
dj.;kps esudsps iki ;sFks nwj >kys- gs iz’kLr rhFkZ vkgs- ¼v- 6 ok½
fo”.kwrhFkkZtoG pØrhFkZ vkgs vkf.k x#M rhFkZ toGp vkgs- fo”.kwP;k vkKsus lqn’kZu o
x#M ;k rhFkkZoj vkys gksrs- ekuoequh ;sFks nsohph lsok dj.;kl vkys- rs ekuorhFkZ i.k egÙokps
vkgs- dkyeR;wl ftad.kkjs gs rhFkZ vkgs- vieR;w VGrks- ¼v- 7 ok½
ukjk;.kequh vkJektoG yhykdkj rhFkZ vkgs- ;kiq<s ij’kqjkerhFkZ vkgs- fiR;kP;k vkKsus
iki{kkyukFkZ rs ;sFks vkys gksrs- R;kP;k iwosZl loZ rhFkZ eaxye; vls vkgs- ;k iwoZsl lqanj rhFkZ
vkgs- ;k nksUgh cktwl fp=js[kk o ekfyuh rhFkZ vls gs rhu rhFkZ Ñ”.k Hkäkl o vU; yksdkauk
ekuoh; rhFkZ egÙokps vkgs- ¼v- 8 ok½
;sFkwu iq<s uhyrhFkZ vkgs vkf.k R;kP;k cktwl HkSehrhFkZ vkgs- gs loZ iki gj.k dj.kkjs vkgs-
uyne;arh ;kP;k laca/kkr ‘kuhph ihMk lérh ;sFks nwj >kyh- ne;arh ‘kksdkdwy >kyh o rh
JhpanzykacsP;k n’kZukl vkyh- nsohP;k vkKsus rh rhu fnol jkgwu ekgsjh xsyh- vkf.k nsohP;k
lwpusizek.ks 30 fnoklkr uy i.k lkljh ne;arhdMs xsyk- jktk uy |wrkr ftadrks Eg.kwu ojhy
nksu rhFkZ vkgsr- ;k fBdk.kh mekegsÜoj laKd nku djkos- ;k rhFkkZps iq<s ,d lR;rhFkZ vkgs-
R;kiq<s ,d eR;wfouk’kd lkfo=hrhFkZ vkgs- lR;oku lkfo=hph dFkk ?kMyh R;kl lacaf/kr gk Hkkx
vkgs- vk”kk<ekl iw.kZ lkfo=hus panzyk ijesÜojh nsohph vkjk/kuk dsyh o frP;k Ñisus ;ekiklwu
lR;okukl lksMfo.ks lqyHk >kys- lR;okukus Luku dsys rs lR;rhFkZ nku dj.;kl gs egÙokps
LFkku&lqo.kZ izfresps nku djkos- ¼v- 9 ok½
‘kkikeqGs ekuo #i ?ksÅu uoxzg lérh ;sFks ;sÅu eqä >kys- R;kaP;k ukokus rhFkZ fuekZ.k
>kys- xzgkP;k laKsps nku ;sFks djkos- ;k toGp enurhFkZ vkgs- jrhrhFkZ vkgs- dkensokps ngu >kys
R;kosGh jrh Qkj nq%[kh >kyh- nqokZl HksVY;koj R;kaP;k lwpusus rh lérhl vkyh- panzykacseqGs
dkenso ltho gksrhy vls dFku dsys gksrs- iw.kZ fujkgkj jkgwu frus lsok dsyh- frpk irh ;k
Hkhesrp izdV gksbZy vlk nsohus n”Vkar fnyk- uarj rs mHk;rk ;k {ks=krwu izlérsus xsys rsOgk gs
enuizHko ukokps rhFkZ fuekZ.k >kys- dkaph] dkek{kh vkf.k Hkxorh yfyrk ;kuh Hkäkuk panzykacsdMs
lérhl /keZ] vFkZ] dke] eks{k gs pkjgh iq.;kFkZ R;k Hkäkauk cky#ikus ykHkys- ;kr nsohph Ñik
gksrh- vkdk’kok.kh i.k >kyh- izlérsus rs Hkä dkaphiqjkl ijr xsys- l= ;Kkr mxzJokl vU;
equhauh fopkjY;koj dFku dsys dh lalkj leqnz rj.;kl panzykack o lérh{ks= vxzslj vkgs- prqewrhZ
nkukpk fo/kh czãkus ukjnkl dFku dsyk- ioZdkyh rs nku ;sFks ?kMkos- ;so<h iq.;Hkweh gh vkgs- vls
gs /kekZfn rhFkZ vlwu ;kP;k iwosZl eankj rhFkZ vkf.k Øesus ikp dYio{k rhFkZ vkgsr- eankjrhFkZ]
iikfjtkrrhFkZ] larkurhFkZ] dYidrhFkZ vkf.k gfjpanzurhFkZ v’kh ukos vkgsr- nsork yksdeqHkhoj
vkY;koj foJkarhl ;k dYio{k rhFkkZoj vkys- ‘kkrkri equhP;k ‘kkikus dYio{kkl ;sFks ;kos
ykxys- R;kpk vijk/k ;sFks nsohÑisus nwj >kyk- ekuo #i/kkjh dYio{k ;sFks lérhl vkY;kus nsohus
vHk; fnys- ;k LFkkuh iapnSor uked nku djkos- ‘kjhjkr vkjksX; mRié dj.kkjs gs ozr vkgs-
nh?kkZ;q ykHkrs- ¼v- 10 ok½
;k ojhy rhFkkZtoG x;rhFkZ vkgs- x; ukokpk lqanj jktk xa/koZ dU;scjkscjhy fookgkuarj
xa/kokZus fnysY;k foekukrwu fogkj djhr gksrk- R;kus ;k foyklkr Fkqadysys rkacwy }kjdsrhy
Ñ”.kkP;k vkstGhr iMys- Ñ”.kkus gk vijk/k dj.kkÚ;kpk uk’k dj.;kph izfrKk dsyh- gh ckreh
27
ukjnkus R;kl dGoyh vkf.k R;kP;k iRuhl lérhl panzykacsP;k lsosl HkhesP;k rhFkkZr jkg.;kph
lwpuk fnyh- vkf.k R;kl Lor%l vtqZukl ‘kj.k tk.;kl lkafxrys- R;kizek.ks iRuhl lérhl
ikBowu rks vtqZukdMs xsyk- iq<s nsoheqGs ladV nwj >kys vkf.k Ñ”.kkph Ñik >kyh- x;rhFkZ fiaM
iznkukl egÙokps vkgs- ;kP;k iwosZl ikp rhFkZ&p{kq”dj] pj.kn] nk<h;Zn] okd~iVqRoin] ,sÜo;Zn
ukokps vkgsr- ;k loZ rhFkkZpk laca/k panz uked czkã.kk’kh vkgsr- rs f}tiq= gksrs- P;ouequh us=ka/k
gksrs- vfÜouh dqekjkauh p{kq”dj rhFkkZr R;kauk Lukukl usys- vfÜouh dqekjkojhy lksejlkeqGs vkysyh
vkiÙkh vkf.k banzkpk jkx ;sFkhy {ks=kr nwj >kyk- ;k p{kq”dj rhFkkZl P;ourhFkZ i.k Eg.krkr-
;sFkhy Lukuku iaxqiq=kl ik; ;sÅu rks euksrqY; osxkus iGr xsyk- {keh eqyxk lqn`< >kyk-
eqD;kyk okpk vkyh- fo}ku >kyk- ef.ke; nkfjnzh czkã.k /kuoku cuyk-
Hkhekunh panzykack ;kaph Lrqrh djhr loZ vkuankus rsFkwu xsys- ¼v-11 ok½
;sFksp eaØ.kd rhFkZ vkgs- dsnkj ;sFks iw.kZ Hk{kwu ri%Üp;kZ dj.kkjs equh gksrs- R;kyk vgadkj
>kyk- ‘ksoVh f’kokus equh:i /kkj.k dsys- cksV dkiwu R;krwu HkLe dk<wu nk[kfoys- vls gs lkasx
dsY;kus R;kpk vgadkj yksi ikoyk- R;k vgadkjkps iki /kq.;kl rks lérhl vkyk- ;kP;k b’kkU;sl
vfÜouh rhFkZ vkgs- vfÜouhdqekj c`gLirhP;k lwpusus lathouh fo|sdfjrk ‘kqØkpk;kZatoG xsyk- i.k
R;kauh fo|k fnyh ukgh- nSR;kauh eukbZ dsyh- ex cgLirhauh nksUgh vfÜouhdqekjkl panzykacsdMs
/kkMys- nsohP;k Ñisus rh fo|k izkIr >kyh- ;k rhFkkZoj vfÜoulaKd nku djkos- ¼v- 12 ok½
;k ojhy rhFkkZ’kstkjh fo)rhFkZ vkgs- ;sFks leLr fl)h izkIr gksrkr- ;ksxfl)h egku
f’koHkä vXuhr i.k izos’k djhr tykr o”kZHkj jkgk.ks] ik.;koj pky.ks] liZe.kh Lor% dk<wu
vk.k.ks] vkdk’kkr mHks jkgk.ks] vn’; gks.ks v’kh loZ fl)h vlwu R;kl j{kfl)h ekghr uOgrh]
Eg.kwu rks Qkj d”Vh >kyk- ;sFks nsoh Ñisus rh fl)h ykHkyh- czÑrhFkZ vkf.k ekuorhFkZ ;ke/;s
HkxrhFkZ o xq#rhFkZ vkgs- ;sFks iq#”kkFkZ izkIrh gksrs- nsonkuo ,desdkapk riksHkax dj.;kr dq’ky gksrs-
rs xq#iq<s vkys- vkpk;kZauh R;kauk mHk;rkuk ;sFks vk.kys o rsFkhy Lukukus rs eRlj fojfgr cuys-
;kp Hkkxkr banzrhFkZ vkf.k fnxhÜojkps lkr rhFkZ vkgsr- vkB fnd~iky rhFkZ cuys- izFke lsrquked
jktkus fnd~ikykauk ijkftr dsys gksrs- lsrjktkP;k ?kjh R;kuk LoaSikdkl ykoys gksrs- i.k HkheFkhr rs
iq.;oku cuys- ;k rhFkkZoj yksdikyk”Vd uked nku djkos- ukjk;.k equhauh fgaxqysps ihB ;sFks
LFkkfiys- pj.k vkÑrhrh frph izkFkZuk dsyh- ngk fnol Hkxorhpk mRlo nsokauh dsyk- ‘ksoVP;k
fno’kh olarksRlo dsyk- nsonkuo] ;ksxhfl)] ukxjkt loZ vkys gksrs- ljLorh] y{eh] ikoZrh loZp
gtj >kys- lqxa/kh nzO; m/kGwu vkuan O;ä >kyk- dsljh tykP;k fipdkÚ;k mMoY;k xsY;k-
okrkoj.k izlé >kys- vIljkaps xk;u >kys- R;k frUgh nsokauh panzykacsph Lrqrh dsyh- banzk.kh pojh
<kGhr gksrh- xkSjh i.k gksrh- Jqrh gkr tksMwu gksR;k- Hkxorhus yhyke; ‘kjhj /kkj.k dsys- nqanqHkh
oktr gksR;k- tyfogkj laiyk- banzk.kh] y{ehus vax iql.ks vkf.k oL= uslfo.ks dsyss- ljLorhus mVh
ykoyh- R;k je.kh; eafnjkr loZ nsokauh t;t;dkj dsyk- nsoh var/kkZu ikoyh vkf.k loZ nso ijr
xsys- R;kauh pj.kdey ;qxqykauk oanu dsys- ‘kksMinkukr rqyk] iq#”k] fgj.;xHkZ] czãkaM] dYiikn;]
xkslgL= fgj.; dke/ksuq] fgj.;{k] fgj.;jFk] gsegLrhjFk] iapykaxqyd] /kjknku] foÜopØ]
dYidrk] lRilkxjnku] jRu] /ksuq] egkHkqr?kV gksrs- iwoZdkyh nSR; lagkjkl oklqnsokus gs nku fnys
gksrs- rlsp vkacfj”k] dkrZoh;kZtqZu] ij’kqjke] izYgkn] iFkq ;kauh i.k gs nku dsysyh uksan vkgs- gs
108 rhFkZ] JhpØ nsork Lo#i vkgsr- ;kpk mYys[k vkxe ‘kkL=kr vkgs- ja/knz;kRrd ts iz/kku
28
feFkqu vkgsr] R;kauk Hkxorhps oke iknkr LFkkiu dsys- ;key xzaFkkuqlkj JhpØkr 112 nsorkaph
iwtk gksrs- loZ izFke dkeslh o dkes’k nsorkRed fcanwph iwtk vkgs- ekdZMÓks; rhFkkZiklwu ukjk;.k
rhFkkZi;Zar 8 rhFksZ vkgsr- ¼v- 13 ok½
lwr Eg.krkr] Hkxoku ekrZaM HkSjokauh {ks=egkRE; dFku djrkp Hkxoku nÙkk=s; vkf.k vU;
equh rsFks vkys- lérhl HkzejkrhFkhZ R;kauh Luku dsys- panzykacsps n’kZu ?ksrys- ;k txnacsus lokZauk
vHk; fnys- fl)h izkIrhps opu fnys- Hkxoku eYykjhlg rh vn’; >kyh- pj.k ;qxykr
lkekoyh- ;k pj.k ;qxqykps iwoZ Hkkxkl ekdZMÓks; _”kh mHks jkfgys- Hkxoku nÙkkl lokZauh oanu
dsys- nÙkk=s; ;sFkwu ?kuiqjkl xsys- loZ equh fxjh ioZrkdMs xsys- nsohph Lrqrh djrkp R;kuk n”Vkar
>kyk- ijrÙokpk mins’k feGkyk ¼v- 14 ok½
;rhjkt gk thoueqä vlrks- ;rhjkt lw;ZizHkspk] dYi”k’kqU; o fpnkdk’kkrp okoj.kkjk
vlrks- jk=hr dqoY;kP;k fodklkps dkj.k panz vlrks- vKku#ih va/k%dkj nwj dj.;kl Kkukph
izKkp pafnzdk#i vkgs- R;k va/kkjkrwu oLrwps Kku ns.;kps dk;Z pafnzdk djrs- ¼v- 15 ok½
;kizek.ks panzykack o lérh {ks=kps oSHko Ldan iqjk.kkP;k ;k ikp dkaMkrwu&Lda/kkrwu vkgs-
rs Hkäh Hkkokus eh dFku dsys vls lwr lkaxrkr- ;kP;k euukps iki nwj gksrs- dqynsork vlysY;k
yksdkauh gs vo’; okpkos- gs oSHko pkjh iq#”kkFkZ iznku dj.kkjs vkgs- lkyksD;] lkehI;] Lif”VZ]
lk;qT; ;kaps fooj.k ;sFks vkgs- izrhdksiklusus lkyksD;eqäh] ea=k}kjk izrhdksik#ikr lkehI;eqäh]
iz;RuiwoZd nsoh miklusrp lk#I;eqäh ghp Lif”VZeqäh] m)kjkus lk;qT;rk vkf.k LokJeksä
/kekZuq”Bkus lkehI;rk vkgs- loZ vfj”V lagkjd vls gs Jo.k vkgs- Hkxorh pfj= o.kZukr unhps
o.kZu] unh oSHko dkaMkr vkgs- lk{kkr~ ukjk;.korkj eg”khZ O;klkaph gh izfrKk vkgs vkf.k gs f=dky
lR; vls vkgs- ¼v- 16 ok½
29
Hkkx 3
fofo/k Lrks= o vkjR;k] ins
AA Jh AA
eaxya panzyknsfo A eaxya nso oafnrs AA
eaxya dq# losZH;ks A eaxya foÜo eaxye~ AA
izkFkZuk
/kud#.ka ‘khr Hkj.ka A e;Hk; gj.ke~ AA
Jheq[kkoj.ka AA iapczãk Hkj.kae~ AA
‘kj.ka djok.kh AA Jhpanzykack ‘kj.ke~ AA
oans·ga dqynsorka lqoluka tkacqynkayadrke~ AA
datka{kha dqpHkkj HkhjfoyloUe/;kRDo.kfdafd.khae~ AA
‘kkaHkok|Sa ifjlsfork lqonukaeanfLerks |uqeq[khae~ AA
/;k;sRoka ojnsÜojha dqeqfnfu lkSHkkX;nka panzyke~ AA
nsohxkf;=h
dkR;k;U;S; fon~egs A dU;kdqekjh /khefg AA
réks nqxkZ izpksn;kr~ AA
egky{ehp fon~egs A fo”.kq izY;kSp /khefg AA
réks y{eh izpksn;kr~ AA
vk|kps fon~egs AA ijesÜojk; /khefg AA
réks y{eh izpksn;kr~ AA
ljLoR;s; fon~egs AA czã iqT;S; /khefg AA
réks nsoh izpksn;kr~ AA
,sa f=iqjk nsohap fon~egs AA Dyha dkesÜojhp /khefg AA
lkSru% ‘kfä izpksn;kr~ AA
Jh rqyL;S fon~egs AA fo”.kq fiz;k;S /khefg AA
réks verk izpksn;kr~ AA
30
fc#nkoyh
vuardksVh czãkaMuk;dh] jktjktsÜojh
egky{eh] egkdkyh] egkljLorh] vo/kwr
Ñikoarh y{eh panzykack ekrk dh t; AA
¼jkx% HkSjoh½
Jh vacs panzys Hkokuh A
vK ckyd rq>kp Eg.kqfu A
ykt jk[k rw ek>h tuuh AA1AA
Jh vacs pafnzds AA/k0AA
rqtfo.k et up dq.kh f=Hkqouh AA
feGks vkljk rq>k fuf’kfnuh AA
ghp izkFkZuk v[kaM pj.kh AA
olar va- rqGtkiwjdj
jktdoh vka/kzizns’k
gSnzkckn-
31
1½ panzyk xq.kxku
Hkhek rhjh lérh {ks=hA Hkätuk m)jh AA
panzyk vack ijesÜojh AA/k0AA
Jh pØkafdr eafnj lkts A HkO; eaMih ewrhZ fojkts AA
Lo.kkZyaÑr panzkle eq[k A vf[ky foÜolqanjh AA1AA
HkSjoh vkf.k T;ksfrfyZaxs A bFks ukanrh cgq vuqjkxs AA
leksj ekdZaMs; equhÜoj A Hktrh gn;karjh AA2AA
vuardksVh czãkaMkph A uk;d jktsÜojh lqjkaph A
y{eh dkyh ljLorhph A vusd :is /kjh AA3AA
ÑiknVhus vo/kwrkyk A ‘kh?kz p<foys mPp inkyk AA
vk| ‘kadjkpk;sZ jfpyh A Lrqfr dous frtojh AA4AA
Hkhek&dkfx.kh laxekdkBh A ukjk;.k equh HkäklkBh A
fgefxjhrqfu OguxqaBh olyh A eaxye; ifjljh AA5AA
izlkn ?ksÅfu equh fu?kkys A lsrquikP;k uxjh vkys A
Jh Qykarqfu Hkzej izdVowfu A uk’k u`ikpk djh AA6AA
iq<s rsFkqfu Hkzej ijrys A iknqdsr vn’; tkgys A
ukjk;.keqfu riksoykus A cuyh rh Hkzkejh AA7AA
Jh lksesÜoj fiaMh Hkaxqfu A rhr fujarj xqIr jkgqfu A
vorjyh izR;{k tkudh A dukZVd Hkwojh AA8AA
lgL=of/k Hkkfod ;srh A n’kZu ?kMrk izlé gksrh
‘kqHkukekpk funkn ?kqerh A fo’kky uhykacjh AA9AA
Bsok gn;h Hkäh Hkkouk A fufÜpr gksbZy iw.kZ dkeuk A
fuR; xhrs gs xkrk xkrk A Hko Hk; ladV gjh AA10AA
doh olarjko rqGtkiwjdj
2½ jkexq#Ñr panzykack Lrks=
¼jkx % ekydal] rky & ,Ddk½
txtuuh f=iqjh panzykacs fot;rs A
;e fojafp iqljh Lejkjh eqjkjhuk ro iwftrs A
panz ukx: dqadw es.k lqxa/k ysi foyksfyrs A
nzO;e.kh ekaxY; lw= lqdad.kk|k yÑrs AA1AA
ykfyrk xq.k uqij/ofu Hkzej x.k larksfgrs A
inujkxz fo/kwfyuk tx rki iki fuokfjrs AA2AA
jä jktho ekyrh eankj lqe fcYokfpZrs A
esddkfn lqjaxekfHk fojkftrs ldkfpZrs AA3AA
Üoifj eeÑr txryoh jke yksfyrs A
jhfo tiri lk/kua ues=kfrg nsoh ueksLrqrs AA4AA
¼t; panzyk ijesÜojh½
32
3½ v”Vd ¼’kadjkp;ZÑr½
oansga lq[knkap panzyk egknsohe~ Hkouke~ f’koke~ AA/k0AA
Jhpanzk f=n’kkfpZrka/kh A ;qxayk panzuuka lqfLerke~ AA
Lerwuk oknka ojkg u;uk A ‘kqHkzkacjkfeanhjke~ AA
{ks=s iê.k lérhRlqious A HkhekrVh lafLFkre~ AA1AA
flanqjkfn lqdqadqeke~ A lqfryd dke dlqfjdkfpZrku~ AA
tkrh iq”id paidSjey; tS fcYosnys iwftrke~ AA
ekf.kD;ke~ Hkj.kke~ izoky onuke~ A eqäkoyh ‘kksfHkrke~ AA2AA
Jhy{ehp~ prqHkqZtke~ f=u;uke~ A lokZFkZ fl)h iznke~ AA
osnS’kkL= iqjk.k uqiwj A >GRdkjsu laeksfgrke~ AA
fgjk jRu lq’kksfHkr dad.k djke~ A Jaxkfj.kh pafMdke~ AA3AA
panzfnR; lqdqaMyke~ czkã.khe~ f=iqjke~ egk;q/k ogke~ AA
flagkfluhe~ HkSjohe~ lalk.kZorfj.kh A Hkxorhe~ ukjk;.khe~ ‘kadjhe~ AA4AA
Jhfo|kex#Mklrke~ xtxghe~ A dkO;k;fue~ ‘kkaHkohe~ AA
lokZ/kke~ o”kHkkluke~ dq’k;qrke~ galkluka ‘kkjnke~ AA
xkSjkaxhew r#.kkda eaMyfuHkke A ‘kkekap panz izFkHkke~ AA5AA
vackdYiyrka lqjklqjuqoka A dkesÜojh deytke~ AA
Tokykeq[kh ‘kSytka A y{eh:i/kjka AA
ekap’kcjhe~ Jhfgaxqyk A uke~ panzyke~ AA6AA
Jhckyk cxyka ojkg onuka Jhlqanjka ‘kkeyke~ AA
ekraxh ‘kjikiuh olqerh oh.kkojh Hkkjrhe~ AA
lkfo=ha ldyka fgekpylqra A Jh Hknzdkyha Dyke~ AA7AA
xk;h=ha fxjtkeeka xq.k;rke~ A Jh js.kqdka ekrdke~ AA
nqxkZ gseorh jrh’k Hk;nka A /kk=h f=la/;k laLejsr~ AA8AA
bfrJh ifjoktdkpk;Z txn~xq# ‘kadjkpk;Z fojfpr
panzykack v”Vd laiw.kZe~ AA
33
4½ Lrks= ¼’kadjkp;Z Ñr½
¼Jh{ks= OguxqaBh ;sFkhy iwtsrhy½
iz.kekfe rr~ikniadt;qXea AA
xq.krhr fo|izHkk foÜo:ie~ AA
ef.k dkapu fnO; flagkluLFks AA
Qf.kjZHkw”k.ks Jhpanzykack ueLrs AA1AA
fujkdkj lkdkj ॐdkj xL;e~ AA
ijczãoLrq izdk’k Lo:ie~ AA
ijaT;ksfr dkSekfj dY;k.k ewrsZ AA
ijk’kfä Jhpanzykack ueLrs AA2AA
vu/;ke/;s eu% Kku ‘kfä AA
lqukf’kjeq[k eqfutu Lrkse oa|s AA
eu%dkeuk fl)h dSoY; nk=s AA
?kukuan Jhpanzykack ueLrs AA3AA
vikj izHkk fnO; yko.; xk=s AA
vikudZ lksekdZ oUgh f=us=s AA
foir~ deZ fo/;a f’kfufoÜo Hkz=s AA
Ñikacqfu/kh Jh panzykack ueLrs AA4AA
xnk ikaptU;k Hkqts pØikf.k AA
lnk lqizléfJr dYi oUgh AA
fpnkuan rÙokfEcds fnO;ewrsZ AA
f=/kk ‘kfä Jh panzykack ueLrs AA5AA
txthouh lf”V fuekZ.kdkjh AA
tx/;kih xk;=h osnkar os| AA
vxE; izrki izdk’k Lo:is AA
va/kkjkt Jh panzykack ueLrs AA6AA
egky{eh dkR;k;uh osn ekrs AA
egkRokfn Hkwrksnjh Hkwr ukFks AA
egkadkfydk fnO; ekaxY; eqäs AA
egkjkt Jh panzykack ueLrs AA7AA
fn’kke/;nsoh dqdqj HkherVkds AA
izlés lnk lérh xzkebZ’ks AA
izfl)fn ihBk iqjh {ks= okls AA
izlékfnJh panzykack ueLrs AA8AA
bfr Jh ijegal ifjozktdkpk;Z
Jh ‘kadjkpk;Z fojfpr Jhpanzykack Lrks= laiw.kZeAA
34
5½ v”Vd ¼’kadjkp;ZÑr½
panzykafcdk panognus A panzfcfcdk {ks= lk/kus AA
panz eqxqVs {ks=eaMGs A ikfg panzys ikrq ekaxys AA1AA
nX/k ikrdh nhujf{k.kh A niZ ikrdh nSU; lagjs A
n;k lkxjs nsfo fgaxqys A ikfg0& AA2AA
ykHknkf;uh yksd ikfyds A ykL; n’kZfu yksdekfyds A
yko.; okfj/kh yy{k.kkdys A ikfg0& AA3AA
ijczãf.k ikiukf’kuh A in~eykspus ik’kHkw”k.ks A
iraxs nq/ks ikn ;qxys A ikfg0& AA4AA
jE; ihVfd :i lqanjh A jä oL=ds jRu ‘kaxjh A
jek ‘kkjnk nsoh fgaxqys A A ikfg0& AA5AA
es?k dkfj.kh eks{k nkf;uh A esr fdad.kkeksn xkf;uh A
es# f’k[kjs es?k ‘;keys A ikfg0& AA6AA
LofLr lkSE;fr lR; nkf;uh A Lokeh lérh lsrq esfnuhA
LokLF; lkS[;nk lkj’khrys A ikfg0& AA7AA
_f) of) ckydqL;fj/kh A _f) flf)nk jkt “kV~inh A
fjä Nsfnuh j{kedqys A ikfg0& AA8AA
bfr Jhen~ ‘kadjkpk;Z fojfpr Jhpanzyk v”Vd laiw.kZe~AA
6½ iq”ikatyh ¼’kadjkp;ZÑr½
izlé xq.k lérh Hkhe u|k ixk A
rVkar fouh eaMys fuy; lax Hkax`Ñfr A
leLr lwj iwftrs ldyyksdekrs Lo;e~ A
eekLrqro panzys A ijensoh iq”ikatyh AA1AA
/kukrZ tuf{k.kh dqyjf{k ukjk;.kh A
izfl) eqfulérh izdVoL= iwtk;rs AA
iqjk.k tuosf/kuh izFke ihB ihBkiqjh A
Hkokuh ro panzys A ijensoh iq”ikatyh AA2AA
f=ewfrZoj:fi.kh fofo/k’käh :ikReds A
f=yksd tuohÜojh f=iqj lqanjh ukeds A
e;k fofgr ;ksbrs Hkqtxjy Hkw”kksToys A
egs’k ro panzys A ijensoh iq”ikatyh AA3AA
ljkst Hkoléqrs ldy pqMke.kh A
izHkk iVy nhfidk izohy lR;nkCt};s A
ifj LQqj.k lRdyk izdV panz fcacksies A
izléeqf[k panzys A ijensoh iq”ikatyh AA4AA
mes fuf[ky nsors ;qofr ekSfydkarkfpZrs A
jes jfpr Hkkuus jfro/kqlgL=ksies A
‘kef;d xq.kHkw”k.kh ‘kkfer dYi ‘ks”kkÑrs A
izjksg efr panzys A ijensoh iq”ikatyh AA5AA
35
Roesofg ljLorh fuxe’kkL= oknkfReds A
Roeso deyky;s ldy laink;kLins A
Roeso fxfjtkmes vf[ky HkwfrnkR;kfpZrs A
izeksnofr panzys A ijensoh iq”ikatyh AA6AA
izpaM rj foØes izpqydhy’kwyk;q/ks AA
iz:< efg”kklqj izFke ‘kkS;Z /kS;kZf/kds A
izdV Qy oSHkY; izdVrk Hk;s ‘kSyts A
izrkiofr panzys A ijensoh iq”ikatyh AA7AA
lexz Qy nsf’kds ‘kj.k Hkfä HkkT;ke~ A
lnk ‘kj.; pj.kkacqts lnL; fo{k.kkyaÑrs A
izlé turk fu/ks ifjxzfgr lsok Lo;e~ A
iziaprh panzy A ijensoh iq”ikatyh AA8AA
‘kqHkfn dq lrra lqeq[kh loZnks”kk fuekoh A
nkj;s gjfiz;s brj okafNrkFkhaes cgq v; fofy;rsA
e;k Hk;keqikL; lkS[; lnk
izlhn;ofr panzys A ijensoh iq”ikatyh AA9AA
bfr Jh ijegal ifjozktdkpk;Z Jhen~ txn~xq# ‘kadjkpk;Z
fojfpr Jh panzykack iq”ikatyh laiw.kZe~ A
7½ Jh pØn’kZu egkRE;
fcanq f=dks.k olqdks.k n’kkj ;qXea A
oU; okx~nG la;qr “kksM’kkje~ AA
oØÙk=; /kj.kh lnu=;e~ A
JhpØa esrf}ra ijensork;% AA
lE;da ‘krÑra dR;kA ;r~Qya lekokIuq;kr A
rr~ Qya yHkrs HkDR;k A dRoka JhpØn’kZue~ AA1AA
egk”kksM’knkukuh A ÑRok ;YyHkrs Qye~ A rRQye~ AA
lekokIuksrh ÑRoka JhpØn’kZue~ AA2AA
lk/kZ f=dksVh rhFksZ’kq A LukRok ;r~Qy eI;qrs A
yHkrs rRQye~ A HkDR;k ÑRok JhpØn’kZue~ AA3AA
fufHkZt ;a=a ldykFkZ flf)ne~ AA
36
8½
tSE;kga panzykack
lérh {ks=okfluhe~ AA
Hkfä fiz;k egknsohe~ AA
iz.kokfe iqu% iqu% AA
¼chMdj ‘kkL=h½
9½ vkjrh JhpØkph
¼djohj ihB vkpk;Z dY;k.k lsod Ñr½
t;nsoh t;nsoh t; txnack ekrk AA
vkjrh vksokGw lfPpr~ lq[ke;rk AA/k0AA
fcanw f’ko’kfä f=dks.k ifjiw.ksZ A
v”Vdks.kk uarj n’k dks.k i w.ksZ A
lokZFkZ lk/kd pØs f}rh; n’kdks.ks A
pkSnk R;k ckgsj f=dks.k pØxq.ks AA1AA
v”Vnykaps pØ f=iqjlqanjh A
“kksM’kny pØSd Jh f=iqjsÜojh A
orqZGk=; f=xq.kkRed es[kyk gkjh A
=SyksD; eksgu pØ Hkqiwj eugkjh AA2AA
czãkk fo”k.kq f’koe; eapd vk:<s A
vadq’k ik’k ‘kjk Ål dfj /kfjysa xk<s A
Lo.kkZ Hkj.k Hkwf”krs jktsÜojh ekrs A
37
lIrinh ¼jkexq#ѽ
10½ jfookj
th Jh vféorh lqrRo ofjyh ekgwj th jkfgyh A
d:iqjha vkf.k okMh xk.kxkiqjh pfj= th nzkfoyh AA
th czãkaM Hk:fu;k fQ#fu dh ek;ke;h tkgyh A
Jhpanzk ijesÜojhr uVyh rRikfn E;k oafnyh AA1AA
¼in & dkQh] rky & nhipanh½
Jhpanzykack ijk;k HkSykjokfl th eYgkfj;k AA/k0AA paMizpaM rw [kaMsjk;k ekaMh foJkek
EgGlk fiz;k AA Hktuh m/kGhr HkaMkjk ;k AA rsys fnoVh ykoqfu;kAA rq#axkofj cSlksfu Hkkuqmn;k
AA1AA nzooh f’kj panz tVh /kjh xaxkA xkSjh dqekj ?;k R;k lsanqjkaxk AA HkLekHkwf”kr Hkogj ewGfyaxkAA
o”kHkk:< gksÅfu;k AA f=’kqy Me: ?kqe ?kqe Hktfu;k AA2AA yko.;ofr dSlh ?ks uFk ukdh AA
eaxy dqadwe frydh yykVdhAA dad.kdfj iSt.k iniadhAA jäkacj Hkjtfj;k efgf”k ok flagkofj
cSlqfu;k AA3AA in foVsofj cq) uvtxtsBhAA Hkäks}kjh Bsoqfu dk dVh A HkhekjFkh rVh fLFkr
okGoaVh AA lareaMG lfgrk ;k iqaMfyd izHkq ia<jhjk;k AA4AA jeoh ukjnyhyk txh nsr vkEgka AA
vf=ru; ts gfjgj czãkk AA vulw;k lfr tuuh rqEgkAA of.kZr pkjh osnk;k JhnÙkxq# izse Hktuk
?;k;k AA5AA czãkfnd Lrqr rqt O;adVs’kk AA in~okofr ifr O;adV fxjh’kk Hkä Hktuh ro ‘kqØ
egnZ’kkAA x#M okgu xksfoank ;k vFkok dkarkftZr dfFkr ;kAA6AA Eg.ks ek#rohjk vatuhru;k Hkjr
‘k=q?u y{e.k jkefiz;kAA lhrk HksVfolh jkejk;k AA ue%cyHkHkhek |k Hktuh izsse jkepanzk ;k AA7AA
11½ lkseokj
vknkS dsjynsf’k Jhf’koxq# vack ?kjh tUeyhA
thus ukfLrd iaFkfg feVfoyh laU;kl laLFkkfiyh AA
oknh ftadqfu deZeaMu lrh Jaxsjh th jkfgyh A
Jhpanzk ijesÜojhr uVyh rRikfn E;k oafnyh AA2AA
¼in & f>a>ksVh&nknjk½
Jhpanzykack ij;kos xkSjh fiz;djk AA panz ty tVk dVkHkw”k.kk fijk AA/k0AA HkLeklqj HkLe
ykforL; t; djk AA vLen~xtk peZLQfVd v{k ef.k /kjk AA dSykls lksefcYo {ks= lqeojk AA
rLeS Jh ‘kadjk;Z f=iqjk gjgjk AA1AA ny nk#fu ‘kkaHkkS eh nsoh cloqfu AA ‘kqaxk#fu dqadqekpZfulh
iwtqfu AA ‘kf’kenax xt rqjax eq[k gs ukpqfu AA xkfu Hktqfu xaxk fxjh lqanjh Lekjk AA2AA rkfyr
f’korkRof’kjh AA /kfjr dVh dfj dacq dey pØxnk /kj foVsojh AA vfgfjiq l[kh j[kqekbZ jkbZ
lgRojh AA lar iqaMfyd ojn Hktu fiz;djk AA3AA ifjikfyr ,d xq# Hko fuokfjrk AA f=Hkqou
lapkjh osnh usfr of.kZrk AA nks”kksér Hkä cksf/krk AA nÙk Jh’kfäihB xq# Ñrkanjk AA4AA jeoh
fxjhifr rqeph izdfr cjha vls AA iq”dj.kh frjh tfjLFk jeozls AA ;kyp rfj fxjh mr:fu
HktueksnlsAA HkkxZoh n’koar dkdar O;adVsÜojk AA5AA f’kjeq[k n’kgj yadkikfrl ;s ‘kfu AA lrhJk
jkeHkjr HksV ?ksÅfu AA y{e.k lathoukfn nzks.k vk.kwfuAA ‘k=q?ufg ek#rxfr#nz eq[k/kjk AA6AA ok?;k
38
Eg.ks eYy T;ksfr gkrh ?ksrls AA eYgkjh EgkGlkbZ ;sr gs cls AA eSyfj HkaMkjk o”kforls AA jkepan z
oanh efu Hktfu HkkLdjk AA7AA
12½ eaxGokj
Jh’kfä vorkjh ‘kkä cuyh HkäkFkZ th rq”Vyh A
v”Vk “kksMi ok vuar djfg ;r~ ckgqyk lkfgyh AA
y{eh dkyh ljLorh fouVyh ‘kkL=kL= jäkacyh A
Jhpanzk ijesÜojhr uVyh rRikfn E;k oafnyh AA2AA
¼in & pky] ‘kkar gk] rky & /kqekGh½
Jhpanzk ikoZrs vacs ounacs ;s panzkos AA/k0AA pafMds pØ’kwy /kkjs iwtuh ?ks ;k lalkjs AA
vlqjksÙke/kwr fogkjs jäkaxh xq.k xaHkhjs AA olukfn cgq’k`axkjsAA ekaxyh lkeMk fu/kfj AA pky AA mnks
mnks Jo.kh vkuans AA tksxok Lejr tx ukns AA ns pj.kh Bko ro Nans d#.ks{k.k dfj txnacs AA1AA
neyhl ;s foJkafr ?ks j[kqekbZ jkblaxs AA HktukFkZ VkGenaxs lafrfulg ;sbZ osxs AA ro Lej.kh Bsoh
LodVh AA daBh dkSLrqHk fryd yykVh AA len”Vh izsses f’kjh eqdqV AA iaqMfyd ojns vacs AA2AA
ykt ek>h rqt xq#ors AA vuqlw;k vf=tkrs ihBkiqjh pjh fHk{kkFksZ AA ojnh djh foizlrhrs AA dkjath
f}tx`g tkfurs =SewfrZ ;fr #ikrsAA pky AA dfj f=Hkqou lkjh Qsjh AA dkSekjh dfj naM/kkjh A #nzk{ks
LQVhds ‘kjhjh A eqatkofÙk Hkfä dnacs AA3AA in~ekorh gn; fuokl AA oVif= ‘k;uh lqgkl s
O;adVkfnz ohls /khls AA ladV gfjHkä lq[khls AA izses ns eqdqVk dkls AA f’kjh ?ks jfo dksVh izdk’ks AA
pky AA diqZj dLrqjh Hkkyh lisZ’kh ‘k;fu fxjjh ckyh AA vfiZrs Hkkouk ekyh AA Jhfuokl Hkfä
voyacs AA4AA jf{kr th cy nsfo;s AA uy okyh lqxzhokph AA lkSfe=h Hkjr Jhjkek AA lhrk irh
/;kuh thfp AA vfg eghph jkKslkph AA ikrkgh dhrhZ ftph AA pky AA ek#rkRetk Jhguqes AA
dkfeuh exjh cyHkhes AA HktukFkZ ;sr cgqizses AA #nz egk#nz fojkacs AA5AA es?kukFk xtZr }kjh AA
EgkylkØkar eYgkfj AA vkÜoofj cSlyh LokjhAA ifFklg ;sr /k`rekyh AA [kaMs ;s eafMr ‘kSjh
jfookjh ‘kSoo rkjh AA pky AA ef.keYy guu egknsoh AA djh [kM%<ky ro ?ksbZ AA f’kjh isp
ixMh osxs /kkoh AA HkSykjh f=Hkous jaHks AA6AA Üolqjofu ri dfj lkphA ijesfl dSoY;kph AA vaxh
HkLe f=iqaM /kjhph f=’khdfj f=’kwG /kfjphAA fjfr iq”ioj ekyhph Hkzdqjhcjh vuy[khph AA pky AA
;s o”kfHk vk:<ksfu nk{kk;.kh nsoh je.kh LokfJr tu ;s ro Hktfu AA jkepanz ojns vacs AA7AA
13½ cq/kokj
thus nsodhxHkhZ tUequh dqarhlqrk cksf/krh A
Jhin~Hkkxorkfn Hkkjrh egkO;kls t;k of.kZrh AA
th JhiqaMfydkph Hkfä ikgrka HkhekrVh jkfgyh A
Jhpanzk ijesÜojhr uVyh rRikfn E;k oafnyh AA4AA
¼in & fHkeiyk] rky & /kqekGh½
Jhnsoh panzykack ij iqaMfryd ojk AA #fDe.kh jkf/kdk fiz; eqjyh/kjk AA/k0AA panzHkkxk frjh
pj.k foVsojh AA usls firkacjh pØ/kkjh xnk/kjh AA dkSLrqHk xGh rqGlhekG cqds ojh AA Hkhek HkfxjFk
;k rhjh lar fogkjk AA1AA nÙkk=; fuofÙk Kkunsoks lksikus’kk AA tuknZu eqäkckbZ ehjkckbZ oj/kh’kk AA
lareaMG /kr pØxnk/kh’kk AA rqdk ,dk pks[kk ukek xqaMk nÙk xq#ikjk AA2AA ykylh o{kh y{eh
39
foyklk AA infeuh fiz;k tks oSdqaBs’kk AA x#Mk:< izHkq xksfoan fxjs’kk AA HkäHko fuokjk;k AA
cgqfo/k vorkjk AA3AA ijlfrgrh rhl ‘kksf/kr guqek AA jko.kj.kh cgq Jeykr cyHkhek AA
rqylhnklkfnd Lrqr cht lizsek AA ctjaxk jkenqrk guqear xq#ijk AA j[kqekbZ tk;kckbZ foBq [kaMsjk;k
AA ;sbZ x:M rqjax gksbZ ef.keYy <kG ?ksbZ A lar ok/kqukp;s mMoh cqdk HkaMkjkph }kgh AA eSykiqjh
ia<jiqjh uknczã okjhdjk AA5AA es: f’k[kjh VkGh oktohr gj gj gksGh AA eanzoh.kk xkSGh lIrLoj
rkGesGh AA lkanz f’kogj xkSjh lar =SyksD; ekSGh AA vksoh vHkaxkrs xkrk mBk mBk lkeksnjk AA6AA
LoHkze gjhoj dksYgkiqjh y{ehofj AA ukans iapxaxk frjh dU;k dqekjhph ljh AA dfy;qxh ukanrh gs
vkuankus ia<jiqjh AA oafnrls jkepanzk Hkfä izsek cq)sÜojk AA7AA
14½ xq#okj
ns’kh mÙkj xksfipan tuuh tkyanjs cks/kqfu A
dsys xksj[kdkfuQkfn egrs uoukFk lapkjksfu AA
fxjhukjh f’k[kjh dnk djfojh Jh’kähus jkfgyh A
Jhpanzk ijesÜojhr uVyh rRikfn E;k oafnyh AA5AA
¼in & dukZVdh] rky & nhiapnh½
Jh panzyk ijesÜo;kZ AA Jh’käh vork;kZ xq#o;kZ paMdhrhZ ikapnso o.khZ rqEgk AA okps
uonrk;s rkjh Hko ek;k AA/k0AA n’kij czãkfp xq# gfjgj AA rsfp ‘kqaMkuu gkfp xq#&ewrhZ
dkfrZfo;kZtqZu jk;kph AA xq#ukFk eYyhnzph xq:tM Hkjrkfp HkrZgfj xq# nÙkk=; ,dph AA pky AA
‘kqdequh dihy egk ;kKoYD;kfn txn~xq: vkpk;Z Lokehpk AA1AA yko.; flanqj eanjksR/kj lqjoan
ldy iqftrk AA lqanj pj.kkjfoank rs nk[koh vkuan lq[knkrk AA dqaneankj dqlwexa/k lsoqfu AA ean
gkls ikgkrk AA pky AA eanefr Hko ‘kqHka tkGhr lksMoh AA xksfoan O;adV fxjhjk;k AA2AA iê
lqxzhokpk tkacqoar xq# okuj nfyrksifr ifj ldyk ck xq#ukFk guqear jke lSU;kf/kirh AA dke iw.kZ
pkjh& /kkefg fQ:fu ‘kksf/kyh jkelrh AA pky AA guqeu uko roinh ee Bsoh míke fHkrhl okjh
AA xq# ek#rjk;k AA3AA j.knaM eafMr xq# [kaMsjk;k AA paMh EgkGlk nsoh gks AA nafMr okluk eYy
izpaM gks nksnZaM dfj eafMr gks AA niZ lkaM.khLokj ?kks ?kks ukpr ekafM;yk [ksG gks AA pky AA mnaM
isVr thof’ko T;ksfrgh AA izse HkaMkjh xq# eYgkjh;k AA4AA es: fxjhojh thof’ko >xMrhAA ifj
f’ko t; ikoys vkfLr iatjh tho nMrkph f’kothuh dSyklh ikgk cSlysAA cq)h ikoZrh vadh
ekul ‘k’kh AA f’kjh Kku tkUgoh Bsfoys AA pky AA oSjkX; o”kHkh cSlwuh iapHkwrklg [ksGr xq#
vkResÜoj;k AA5AA LoJs;l nsoh e/kq dSVHko okfVlh df/k lkax gks AA ldykoLFkk =; tkÅfu
pkSFkhl Hkksxfolh lkax gks AA oLrq ulfofpr dqadqe frydk ykfo’kh df/k lkax gks AA pky AA tkr
gksyh ukuafn czãkaM rs rnwzi xq# lqanjh ekgsÜo;kZ AA6AA jhfr lqyHk cgw dfy;qxh ukeph rj.;kyk
xq# gks AA ukeukSdk lar ukes dfj lk/kq cl.;kyk xq# gks AA lk/kqfu xrh Jh oSdqaB ia<jh ikgk.;kyk
xq# gks AA pky AA lk/; iqaMfydph ijczã foðy xq#inh Bko jkepanzk ;k AA7AA
15½ ‘kqØokj
th Jhy{eh ojs n’kkorkj vouh /kekZlh iGksfu;k A
okjh ladV rkfj eks{k fn/kyh gkads xtsanzkfl ;k AA
lkgs ;s eqfu dksi ekulh vkyh ‘ks”kkpyh jkfgyh A
Jhpanzk ijesÜojhr uVyh rRikfn E;k oafnyh AA6AA
40
¼in & fHkeiykl] rky & /kqekGh½
Jh nsoh panzykack ‘ks”kkpyh vorkjh gks AA paidorh fiz; dLrqjh diZwj HkkGh lnk mipkjh
gks AA/k0AA nzoqfu dksis y{eh tkrk ‘ks”kkfnz jkgh gks AA ifr fojgs Jhiqujfi tUeqfu vkdk’kkP;k mnjh
gks AA pksG ru; egkfo”.kq ;sr ex nks?ks HksVrh ;soqfu gks AA fookg mjdqfu y{eh O;adVirh Hktuh
;k yodjh gks AA1AA ykHk dispk jkeLo:ik guqearkus AA vksG[kqfu fdf”da/kk Jh iaiklkxjh ek#fr
Lusgk Lohd#fu AA dfioj lSU;kxzslj j?kqoh dk;kZ lsrq t; d#fu AA fpjatho cyHkhr fo;sZ iq”dj.kh
rhjh Hktu gks AA2AA ifrlg EgkGlk lRoj ;kos lg ifjdkjk ?ksÅfu AA eYyfnd nSR;klg ;s
mtGqfu g`n;h T;kr tuhAA pfpZr HkaMkjk rs Hkkyk <ky [kM- ro c)oqfu AA ?kks ?kks xtqZfu rqjaxh
cSlqfu Jhfuokl fuxhoj ;k gks AA3AA jtuhukFk lqHkkf”kr Hkkyk uy xfyxjyk lkgksfu vkyk ckyk
fØMhr xaxkxkSjh ‘kf’k/kj ikgqfu AA lgifjokjh n{k czkãkfnd dqe’krrs ?ksÅfu AA uanh okgu fxjh
p<rph ;kos O;adVirhP;k yXuk gks AA4AA ek/koh ;s ifj #leq[k ikgqfu eku”kh Hkjyh izsedGh AA
irh ee nqljhl ojhrk >kyk rjh up lorh gh Hkfxuh Eg.ks ee nSo ols l[ks et feGyh
dksYgkiqjhgqfu y{eh oSHko vk.koh fxjhojh vkys gks AA5AA ns inh foVh rks j[kqekbZoj jkbZ los ex
fxjh fu?krh AA ‘ka[k pØ dfj xnk deyrs lk/kqoj lsos ?ksrh AA Hktuh ?kks”kr iqaMyhdoj] foðy ukes
xtZr rh AA x#M Eg.ks eh pkyr ;sbZu O;adV irhP;k yXuk gks AA6AA fofo/kuk xq# nÙk fujatu
dke/ksuqlg dYir: AA ik;h [kMkok dejh es[kyk djh deaMyw naM /k: AA tVk eqdwV f’kjh vax
dQuh AA LQfVdkfpZr ruq fnxac# AA ;sr fxjhojh fookgk ikgrk AAjkepanz oanh ldyk gks AA7AA
16½ ‘kfuokj
th Jhjkeink lnk ur euha ukes guqear gk A
vktUe ozr czãp; o:fu Jhjke lsohr gk AA
Jhjkesguqes u Hksn fdeih ,sls Jqfr xkf;yh A
Jhpanzk ijesÜojhr uVyh rRikfn E;k oafnyh AA7AA
¼in & fiyq] rky & nhipanh½
Jhpanzykack ij guqeark Jhjkenwrk Hkwioeku tkrk AA/k0AA panzd iwftrk vatuh ru;k
ekStkozr lk/kq Hkaftr HkoHk;k A ikrky paMh eatjh’kh;k lkSfe= l athouh izk.knkrk AA1AA n;oark
uouhrk EgkGlkdkar ef.keYy tacqlh ikrkGh jxMhrk AA rRo dksVhl Kkus rw mtfGrk AA HkaMkj
fiz; rwfp eSykjh jkgkrk AA2AA ykooh ro Hkfä dSykloklk AA fut#fi gkr ew<k Hkklk rwfp
ojC#fg Eg.klh yads’kk AA lke nke naMHksnk lfgrk AA3AA in ~efiz; nsfodhrhZ lksToyhrk AA
flagkjks<qfu vlq lagkfjrk AA eaxy dqadwe fryd rw ykfork AA efg”kklwj enZuh :i /kkfjrk AA4AA
jerk lark Hktu rw djrk AA dVhdj Bsoqfu foVhle jgrk AA ukeukn czã[kh mPpkfjrk AA foðy
:fDe.kh Lo:ih cyoark AA5AA efu /;ku djrk xq#uke tirk AA xq#Lo:ih yhu ;sr tkrk AA xq#
dSokjh ek;s ijrk AA xq#nÙk czãpkjh tx lapfjrk AA6AA nson’kZu fxjh rwfp ek#frjk;kAA cdqorh
ekrk ekulh ln;k AA foa/;kpy oklk ojkg lq[k;k AA oanh jkepanz rqt guqeark AA7AA
41
AA Jhx.ks’kk; ue% AA
17½ Jhy{eh panzykack v”VksÙkj’k`r ukeLrks=
ॐ panzykack egkek;k ‘kkaHkoh ‘ka[k/kkfj.kh AA vkuanh ijekuan dkyjk=h dikfyuh AA1AA dkek{kh
oRlyk izsek dkf’ejh dke:fi.kh AA dkSeksndh dkSyga=h ‘kadjh HkousÜojh AA2AA [kMgLrk ‘kwy/kjk
xk;=h x#Mkluk AA pkeqaMk eqaMeFkuk pafMdk pØ/kkfj.kh AA3AA t;:ik txékFkk T;ksfr:ik prqHkqZtk
AA t;uh thfouh thothouk t;of/kZuh AA4AA rki?uh f=xq.kkR/kk=h rki=; fuokfj.kh AA nkuokardjh
nqxkZ nhuj{kk n;kijh AA5AA /keZR/kk=h /keZ:ik /ku/kkU;foof/kZuh AA ukjk;.kh ujflagh ukxdU;k uxsÜojh
AA6AA fufoZdYik fujk/kkjh fuxqZ.kk xq.kof/kZuh AA in~egLrk in~eus=h in~ek in~ekfoHkwf”k.kh AA7AA Hkokuh
ijesÜo;kZ iq.;nk ikigkfj.kh AA Hkzejh Hkzejkack o Hkhe:ik Hk;iznk AA8AA HkkX;ksn;djh Hknzk Hkokuh
HkäoRlyk AA egknsoh egkdkyh egkewfrZeZgkfu/kh AA9AA esfnuh eksn:ik o eqäkgkj foHkw”k.kk AA
ea=:ik egkohjk ;ksfxuh ;ksx/kkfj.kh AA10AA jek jkesÜojh czkãh #nzk.kh #nz:fi.kh AA jkty{eh
jktHkw”kk jkKh jktlqiwftrk AA1AA y{eh in~ekorh pkack czkãk.kh czã/kkfj.kh AA fo’kkyk{kh Hknzdkyh
ikoZrh ojnk;uh AA12AA lxq.kk fuÜpyk fuR;k ukxHkw”kk f=ykspuh AA gsx:ik lqanjh p
lérh{ks=okfluh AA13AA Kkunk=h Kku:ik jtksnkfjnz;ukf’kuh AA v”VksÙkj’kra fnO;a panzykizhfrnk;da
AA14AA bfr JhekdZaMs;iqjk;.ks léfr{ks=egkRes Jhpanzykv”VksÙkjkrukeLrksL=a
laiw.kZe~ AA
42
18½ Jh panzykack lqizHkkr ¼HkwikGh½
¼iz|qEukpk;Zd`r½
Jh panzys txUekr% iwokZ la/;k izorZrs A
vfÙk”B d#.kkiaxS A drZO;a foÜoeaxye~ AA1AA
Jhléfr iwjhjRu flagklu ef/kf”Brs A
mfÙk”B panzykacs Roa ukjk;.k eqfufMrs AA2AA
‘kØkfn léqrinkfeg dforqa Roka A
xhokZ.koanef[kya leqikxrks·| A
xk;aR;uU;eulk ro fdfrZxhr% A
Jh panzykack ijesÜofj lqizHkkr~ AA3AA
RoRiknqn~e HktukpZuyC/k fl)s% A
ukjk;.kkFkZ eqfuo;Z lxkf/kxE;k A
fgaxyihB .kf/koL; bgkxrkfl A
Jh panzykack ojns ro lqizHkkr AA4AA
Hkhekixkacq ifjdfYir LukrdekZ A
Ron’kZuk; leqnsfr lgL=Hkkuq% A
uhykRilkf{k Hko ikoZfr lqizlé A
Jhpanzykack n;;k ro lqizHkkre~ AA5AA
Rok ‘kadjh ldynso lepZuh;ka A
HkhekrVs fLFkrorh d#.kkLo:ike~ A
/kkrkP;qr f=u;u·kfi leR; HkDR;k A
vpZfr vEc ‘kqHkns ro lqizHkkre~ AA6AA
Hkhekiek foey uhj lqiw.kZdqaHkS% A
l|ks·fHk”ksdudfra ekulk fpdh”kksZ% A
xk;URonh; in iadt fdfrZxhra A
Jh panzys·Lo ue vfäp lqizHkkre~ AA7AA
fcYokfni= uopaid iq”iekyk% A
JhjkeoÙk dnyh Qyiqfjrka{k A
Lohdkj ;ksX; e/kqiwfjr gse dqaHkkr~ A
vkuhroar bg xk;fr lqizHkkre~ AA8AA
ikikReuka nqfjr gfjf.k ;í’kSo A
Hkhekixk Hkofr /khey rk’kn{kk A
rka iknewy ifjikfyr oR;fla Roa A
Jh panzys ijelqanfj lqizHkkre~ AA9AA
Hkhek unh foeyuhj rjaxjax A
43
fjaxRljkst dqyfnO; lqxa/k okg% A
vaxhdq#Ro iouks fon/kkfr lsoka A
Jh panzykack di;k ro lqizHkkre~ AA10AA
lsok leqRlqderk% ro n’kZukFkZ A
HkDR;k lefgrorks bg RoRinkCts A
oSdqaB yksdeiuhp bgkxrka Roka A
LrqU;afr vEc ojns ro lqizHkkre~ AA11AA
Hkksxiznk Roefl ikoZfr eks{knkp A
lokZfrgkfj.kh leLr lq[kiznkf= A
RoRikndk}; lkefJr loZ fo|k% A
Jh panzys fot;ns ro lqizHkkre~ AA12AA
RoRiknin~e Hko”kwin ‘kf’kHkhrks A
Hkhekixk ifrr lsrq fu’kkpjks·;e~ A A
iapRoeki lqyHkkÙko fg izdksikr~ A
Jh panzykac vfjefnZfu lqizHkkre~ AA13AA
lf”V fLFkfr izR;; dkfjf.k eaxysRoa A
vkXuk; ihB ifjikyu rRijk oSa A
lalsforqap HktdkLe eqifLFkrk{k A
Jh- panzys gjlgksnfj lqizHkkre~ AA14AA
in~ef{k in~eeqf[k in~eeokfn oa|s A
in~eklrs·f[ky ojkHko ikf.kin~es A
gRian~ihB ef/kfr”B eekfi er% A
Jh panzys d#.k;k ro lqizHkkre~ AA15AA
eaxya panzyk nsoh eaxya nso oafnrs A
eaxya d# losZH;ks eaxya foÜoeaxye~ AA16AA
;s lqizHkkr fenekfJr oRlyk;k% A
J)forka izfrfnua gfn panzyk;k% A
izkr% iBafr euqtk% HkqfolkS[;dkek% A
rs izkIuqoZfr lqtuk LldykuHkh”Bku~ AA17AA
44
19
panzykack txUekr% ukjk;.k equhfMrs A
léfrLFkku fo[;kr ojns ‘kksdokfj.kh~ AA1AA
eaxys f=tx}a|s fo”.kqo{kL;dky;s A
panzyk j{k.kkFkkZ; lsrqjkt foukf’kuh AA2AA
fl)cqf)izns nsfo Hkhekrhj fuokfluh A
jfoukMÓkxrsHknzs egkefge#fi.kh AA3AA
in~elufLFkrs nsfo ‘ka[kpØxnk/kjs
fojkftrk Hk;djs loZ laiRiznk;us AA4AA
fdjhV gkj ds;wj uqijkaxnHkwf”krs A
ckykdZ lí’kkdkjs ‘kq) tkacwunizHks AA5AA
HkDrkHkh”Vizns nsfo lnk latkr laLrqrs A
ea=ewrsZ egk’käs lq[kns·O;ä Lo#fi.kh AA6AA
fo”.kqfiz;s jyxHksZ ‘kq)foKkunkf;uh A
vk|ar jfgrs y{eh loZ|kS| foukf’kuh AA7AA
lrra fpar;s nqxsZ nkf= dY;k.k of/kZuh A
xhokZ.k laLrqrs nsfo Hkqfä eqfä iznkf;uh AA8AA
nsfo nsfo egk’käs lnk efPpÙk okfluh A
JhjkfC/k eFkuks Hkwrs ukjk;.kh ueksLrqrs AA9AA
lokZHk;djs nsfo loZ= ea= Lo#fi.kh A
loZra=s egkek;s losZH;ks eaxya dq#a AA10AA
20
iw.kZnw oDR;ka urdkenksX/kh A fgj.;o.kkZ Jqrxhr fdfrZe~ A
vklspukaxh ljoan lsO;ka A Jh panzykack eulk Lejkfe AA1AA
fuokl ;ksX;a ee lfé/kkua A fofpaR; psRFka eqfuukfg lkde~ A
mokl panzkoj lrfrL;ka A Jh panzykack eulk Lejkfe AA2AA
czãkfn nsok{k ;nkJ;su~ A lq”VÓkkfn dqoZafr lyhy ;So A
mRifÙk j{kk izy;s izd=hZ A Jh panzykack eulk Lejkfe AA3AA
;L;k% dVk{kkrq ujkuyksds A ekU;k xq.kk<Ókk ‘kqp;ks Hkoafr A
rs lTtuk% ‘khykoark ofj”Bk A Jh panzykack& AA4AA
b;a lfjUes tudL;k xksR;k A Hkhesfr psekap lfjCnjklq A
Js”Bka djks ehfr rVs olafr A Jh panzykack& AA5AA
45
;Rikn lalsoorks yHkars A prqfoZ/kkFkkZu euqtkLlq[ksu A
nhufrZga=ha Hktrka ‘kj.;ka A Jh panzykack& AA6AA
Hkhekuqdwysp lqeafnjk.kka A e/;sfLFkrka gqanj xHkZxsgs A
Hkäs”V nkoh d#.kknzZ fpÙkka A Jh panzykack& AA7AA
v”Vda panzyk nsO;k% iBs|% J);kfUor% A
/ku/kkU; le)% LFkkr iq=izkS= lefUor% A
loZ iki fofueqZä% thosRl ‘kjn% ‘kre~ A
21½ in
panzykacs Jh Hkhek rVokfl fpnziw foyklh A
HkkuqdksVh ‘kf’keaMG izdkf’k ef.k daqMyjkf’k AA/k0AA
dey ykspus deyks~Hko tuuh dkferokfluh A
deyokfluh deyeq[k onuh dj deyknyuh A
edy Hkw”k.kh deyky; lnuh Jh panj onuh AA1AA
Hkä lkjHks Hkkfod Hk;gjs Hko rkjd /khjs A
eqfänk;ds eqfutu lq[kdkjs fpnzwi fopkjs A
fujatu fufoZdkj fu/kfj {khjkC/kh dqekjs AA2AA
t;rq ‘kkaHkoh txnafcd ekrs [kx okgu Jhrs A
uxj lérh {ks= lqfo[;krs lRik= lquhrs A
/kk=h Jhxq# foðyg`nhrs fpn~?ku iwthrs AA3AA
22½ Jh panzyk dop
ॐ ueks HkxoR;s Hkäyksd jf{k.;s A
egky{E;s panzyk;s panzca/k foeksfpU;S AA1AA
Hk;axqy fgaxqyk ihB fogkjk;S A
futrstho xqafVr guxqaV ink;s AA2AA
ukjk;.k eqfuoj iznk;S A
eukFky #ik;S l”VHkzej iapdk;sZ AA3AA
lsojkt eniz’keukFkS A
Hkzku;sHko Hkzej fouk’kdk;S AA4AA
dkfduh Hkhek laHkns rV tqis A
dkferkFkZ dYioY;S iapczãkRed foijaps AA5AA
dkafpr iknqdk;S lqn’kZus A
uilkezkT; nku ‘kkSMk;Z enkylk ftoU;s AA6AA
exqafV ru;ks ikflrkFkkS A
46
ekrZaM HkSjo lekjk/;k;S nÙkk=;S AA7AA
okafNrkFkkZ;S rqfguk py nqX/kks nf/kr Roksins A
‘kdk;S t; t; pafMds [kaMsnq ‘ks[kjs AA8AA
Hkku nSrs; eaMys A
HkSjo fofo/kk;qFk fojkftr HkqtnaMs AA9AA
ldy yksdsd tuuh ldy yksd jf{k.kh A
ldy yksd fu efu loZr% ikfg ikfg eka losZÜojh AA10AA
tfg’k=q uk’k; uk’k; A
foina u; t; es/k; es/k; AA11AA
jf{kHkwr osokykfn [kj n;e n;e A
nL;q% fodjfé ‘ks”k;s% ‘ks”k; AA12AA
foikfn foLrjHk; LraHk; LraHk; A
izfr okpk ‘ke; ‘ke; AA13AA
olq/kk Hkqtks fHkfn fof/k A
dR;efHkpkjda fNfn fNfn AA14AA
nq”V lRoku ny; ny; nqfjr j{kkdj dopsu A
eNkn; egkNkn; egkjkKh egkjkt egk’kfä
ueLrs ueLrs AA15AA
dfFkra rs e;kEcg iB.kkr loZ flf)na A loZ jksxgja loZ lkSHkkX; dfudsrua AA1AA lokZ·pk
NfeualoZ n”Vok/kk fuogZ.ka A ;fnna /kkj;sHnDR;k dopa otz lafera AA2AA lxzkes ‘kL= ?kkrkfn
Hk;arL; u tk;rs A /kkj.kk ,d opL;kL; flag O;k/k o`dkn;% AA3AA nqxnso iyk;ars j{kea
rkfUofgalquq A Hkwrizsr fi’kkpk|k n”V O;arq u psf’krs AA4AA f=pkja tirkusu HkLe ;LeS le.;Zrs A
x`gihMkfnda rL; {k.knso fou’orh AA5AA vusu dopsuSo ;Lrq HkLekfHk eaf=rk A /kkj;afUr fVys rL;
o’kes loZnk txr~ AA6AA vusu eaf=ra {khj Hkaqtkuks eaMy=;a A eqdksfi yHkrs ok.kh x| i| euksgj
AA7AA vfHkeaf=r esrsu uo fu?kr rarqok A laizkI; ukjh “k.eklk ln/;fHkyfHkrs lqr AA8AA
vpyfJ; eIuksfr laoRlj fenatiuw A vk;qZ] nh?kZp yHkrs iq=kikS=kaÜp fonarh AA9AA ;koTtho
iBsLrks=a panzySD; eokIuq;k A rLekn oL;a dopa ‘krkofÙk iquÜp;kZ{k fdfeZra AA11AA ØekjaHks
ifBRosna dopa iwt;sfRloa A izR;qgkjk HkoR;ar HkokRlk/kdL; rr~ AA12AA e;kU;S{k lqjSlosZ /kk;Zrs
dopa fRona A /kkj;sRo eficzãu Js; ‘kÜo nokIllh AA13AA
bfr Jh Lda/ks ‘kfäjgL;s miuLdans léfr {ks= egkRes panzyk dop uke prqFkksZ/;k;% A Jh
panzyk ijesÜojkiZ.keLrq A Jh jLrq A lekIr-
47
23½ AA JhHkzke;SZue% Jhpanzykdop Lrks= izkjaHk%AA
AA ekdZaMs; mokp AA
nsonso txékFk LokfeUeYy fu~nu AA
lgL= uke iwokZf.k Lrks=kf.k fofo/kfup AA1AA
Ro;ksäkafu ikfo=kf.k lk/kdkuka fgrk;oS AA
dopa panzykack;k% lokZj{kkdja Hkosr AA2AA
lwfpra izkKdfFkra di;k r}nku/k AA
mRdafBrk Hk’kalosZ lekd.kZfFkrao;a AA3AA
ekrZaM HkSjo mokp A
lk/kqi”Ba Ro;k czã yksdkuk eqidkjda AA
xkSI;kxkSI; rjgksén;a ;L; dL;fp AA4AA
‘kkark; xq# Hkäk; nsO;qikfLrijk;p AA
oäO;esr dop efpjk loZa fo)na AA5AA
_f”kczãkL; Hkxoku~ Nnksuq”V izdhfrara AA
nsork panzyknsoh lokZFkZ fofu;kstua AA6AA
f}rh;kZ rq;Z”k”BSLrq LojS:i xrkxqga AA
chta’kfä% dhydap dop dopL;kL; dhfrZra AA7AA
“knnh?kZ ;qäk gYys[kk iwoZdStkZfr ‘ks[kjS% AA
vxq”Bkfn inS ,srS% djkaxU;klekpjsr~ AA8AA
vL; Jh panzykdop Lrks= ea=L; czãk_”k;sue% AA
AA f’kjlh AA vuq”Vi~ Nnlsue% AA eq[ks AA Jhpanzykack nsork;Sue%AA
losZfjfrdhyda AA f=’kwybR;L=a AA eeprqfoZ/k iq#”kkFkZ fl/;Fk sZ
loZ’k=q iknkØkarkFksZ AA JhpanzykdopLrks=ea= tis fofu;ksx% AA
lokZaxsfofu;kstu
24½ AA vFkkaxU;kl%AA
ॐ Úgka fgaxyk;S vaxq”BkH;kaue% AA ॐ Úgha panzyk;S rtZuhH;kue% AA
ॐ Úgwa nqxkZ;S e/;kekH;kaue% AA ॐ ÚgSa HkokU;s vukfedkH;kaue% AA
ॐ ÚgkSa Hkzke;SZ dfuf”BdkH;kaue% AA ॐ Úgka Hkheka;S djrydj i`”BkH;kaue% AA
ॐ Úgka fgaxyk;S g`n;k;ue% AA ॐ Úgha panzyk;S f’kjlsLokgk AA
ॐ Úgwa nqxkZ;S f’k[kk;SokS”kn~ AA ॐ ÚgSa HkokU;s dopk;gqe~ AA
ॐ ÚgkSa Hkzke;SZ us==;k; okS”kn~ AA ॐ Úg% ehek;s vL=k;QV AA
AA bfrfnXc/k% AA
48
vkjR;k
25
¼pky & vkjrh nÙkk=;izHkqph djkoh ln~Hkkos lkph½
vkjrh d: panzykacs léfriqjokfluh vacs AA/k`0AA ijesÜojh iki&gkfj.kh A ije lq[knk;d
rw tuuh A ijksijh iwftr fnu jtuh A lqjklqj oafnr ro pj.kh A ijkØe onrk u;s ok.kh A ijkRij
ewy ek; jk.kh A dj.kh vxk/kph Lo:ih LQqjmfu A d#fu nkfolh txd.khZ vxf.krkaps A of.kZrk
u;sfp txnacs AA1AA vk;Z czkã.kkph iRuh A gjfyxs lsrqjkt Eg.kwfu A Øwj rj vuq”Bku d#fu A
exfg oj rq>kp ?ksÅfu A ijrqfu vkyk jktHkwofuA izkFkZquh ekxrkph x`fg.kh A Hkkjh eni.kh fo”k;
bPNqfu A f}tyh Hkzrjkacs AA2AA jk;klh f’k{kk ykok;k A lkgÓk lw dsyhl f}tp;kZ A ;;kifj esGfo
irh tk;k ek; rq>h efgek ,slsfp;k A dk; ,d dfjlh rw ek;k A lks; gksrh vil;k A dfjlh rw
n;k rjhp lq[k r;k A okbZpk xq# ckck vacs A Lo;s jke rqytk u folacs AA3AA
26½
t;nsoh t;nsoh t; Jh panzys A Lukrd léfriqjh lqjoj rkfjys A/k0AA Hkhek frjh vacs
/kfjys vorkj okekaxh egkdkGh foÜo vk/kkj A fejforks nf{k.k HkSjo lqanj A lUeq[k ekdZaMs; eqfu
ols Fkksj AA1AA prqHkqZt fnl’kh u;uh lqanjh A ‘ka[k pØ xnk f=’kqG /kkjh A Üosrkacj oj/kj rw
;ksxsÜojhA jy[kfpr eqdwV ‘kksHks rks f’kjh AA2AA d.khZ dud ik= orqZGkdkj A dey u;u vatu
fejos lqanj A yykVh dLrwjh HkkGh ‘ksanwj A izlé onuh vacs Hkä lkdkj AA3AA vk:< flagkluh
gksÅfu panzyk A lsrqjk;k “kn~in lqik=k ‘khGkA lqjojh iq.;kpk o.kZo dsyk A mnh mnksdkj uke
meVyk AA4AA lqjoj banzkfnd ro pj.k /;kfr A prqosZn rsfg ro efgek of.kZrh A Hkätukaph okaPNk
rs rw iw.kZ dfjlh A ckyd ujgfj rqt dfjrks fouarh AA5AA
27½
t;nsoh t;nsoh panzonuh A léfrihB fuokfluh lsrq uineuhAA/k0AA Hkhekrhjh fogjh
HkoHk; lgfj.kh A Jh paØkafdr lnuh lhrkj.kpj.kha iapczãk Hkj.kk A iadtny u;uh eqfutu ekul
gfj.kh A eanfLer onuh AA1AA dfyey dYi nghrks A dk rkiyh dyh rh dqadqe panu dyhrs A rw
ghuk rqG nqfGrs A d#.kknhIr iznhIrs d#.kkjl Hkjhrs A dksey xk=h foeys fofHk’kadj ofurs AA2AA
nwrkpØ f=’kwGs ‘k’khHkwifr Hkkys A vfHkuo dkapue.kh ekSfäd lekys A lqanj nh?kZ diksys /kudqary
deys A fojfpr lafJr tkys xaxk/kj ikys AA3AA
28½
t;nsoh t;nsoh t; t; js.kqds A t; t; js.kqds A rq>s rqG.ks gfjgj czãk ukrqds AA/k0AA
pSrU;kps LQqj.k vkfn egkek;k A rq>k var udGs ekrs f’kotk;k A jplh czãkaMklh ?kkyqfu;k ik;k
A rq>h dik rqtyk mYya?kksfu tk; AA1AA Hkä xkrh rqtykekgqj ;ekbZ A /kkao Eg.krh rqGtkiwjps
rqdkbZ A lIr’kax panzyk ijesÜojhckbZ A vxf.kr uke rq>s var uls dkgh AA2AA ts ts oLrw fnls rs
rq>s uko A rq>s fo.k fjdkek u fnls Bko A ekf.kdnkl ‘kj.k rqt ,D;k Hkko A rq>h dik nf”V
etojrs Ogko AA3AA
49
29½
t;nsoh t;nsoh t; panzonus A m/kr ‘kqØ t;/kus lqj lqadG lnus AA/k0AA Hkw/kj /kj’kj
dr gjgr eUeFk jaxs A fut in xeus fof/kdr iq#gwr eraxs A uafnr Hkqou=; dGe”k lagj Hkaxs A
eqfutu g`n;ke`r laHko ‘kksfHkr Hkaxs AA1AA v”Vkn’k HkqteafMr efg”kklqj oSjs A vkf.kek n”V fof’k”B
izfriknu dkjsA v”Vkaxfn lq;ksxkjk/ku ifjiwjs A v”Vk in ef.k eafMr uo ekSfäd gkjs AA2AA ‘kr iaFk
lfefG oj/kj ykfyr dk;s A nkfjr ‘kqaHkfu’kqaHk eq[kklqj leqnk;s A léfriqj ifj dfYir Hkheséj
fry;s A uotu g=kejlk íSxacj tk;s AA3AA
30½
t;nsoh t;nsoh t; panys ekrs A e;dq# d#.kk fo{k.k Jh lqanj yfyrs AA/k0AA okx~Hko
dwV uVs A ?kfMrks ikf/keVs A ‘kfäodwV HkVs A vkuank uafnuh jäkafdr eqdVs A u dfj /k`r iVs A
ghjd gkj iVs AA1AA jäksRiy ny uFkuh A ‘käkafdr Jo.kh A paid dqlqeh uafnrk A uklk Hkjoj.kh
AA2AA fonzqe ln”VÓke os”Vh A nkMhe o`tu/kuh A loksZikfnr lq[k A f’ko f’ko onuhAA3AA fgaxy
ihrk iqjh A ukjk;.k HkDR;k A dkfduh Hkhek laxe A gquoVÓkk ‘kDR;k AA4AA iap Hkzejkafdr A eg|r
tV la;qDR;k A ukxsÜoj ‘ksokscy A /k`rnkR;dR;k AA5AA
31½
¼pky % O;ads ro ea- rky /kqekGh½
t;nsoh fgaxqGk vacs A ek; /kr foÜod oans A ekaMwfu egrk egr ilkjk ekfFkde; txark
vfoyacs AA t; AA/k0AA ck/kk cgq gfj.kh ckyk AA ckgqtdqy of/kZfu izcyk A ckgqlkj cycht
fcdV cgqcfy”B ckyd cksf/kuh cdqyk AA1AA gqr gofufgekpyoklh A fgaxqy gV gGq gGq gjlh A
gq’kkj gkr gR;kj okgqfu fgaer gkslhnkj izoklh AA2AA lkfRod xq.kh lkf/kfu lk/ohA lkfRod dfj
lTtfu iFoh A lk/kqlar lqjlkjfFk f’k{k.k lqdr lq[kns lqanj inoh AA3AA j.k’kwj j.kkax.kh jf{k A
jafxr tu jadklh{kh A iw.kkZuafnuh ekf.kdkuanh f’kojke izHkw xq# dqy lk{kh AA4AA
32½
¼pky % vkjrh Kkujktk½
t; ek; panys gks d”.kkuan lansgks A vkjrh d#.kk Hkkos A rqt Lokuan ykgks AAA/k0AA
lUek= lérhps A ek; dSoY; oklh A fpRdykuan okgs A rqÖ;k ikn izns’kh A n’kZu ek=s yksd
fueqZä dfj’kh AA1AA Hkä dqG ukgh [ksG’kh A loZ lathofu gks’kh czãkfn nso rqt A oafnrkrh
Lokuan tksMqfu gRrkaxqyh A dfjrkfr futNan AA2AA Mqyrh loZ Hkkos A dikyk Hkkuqeksns A uofo/kk
Hktu :is A Hktrkrh cgqNans eqGhfp dqGnSork A iw.kZ vkuan [kk.kh AA3AA v};kuan okgs A diknf”V
d#uh A xq# f’k”;kokjh [ksGrh A f’kojkefHk/kkuh A ok#fu }Sr ek>s A lR; rwfp fujok.kh A jktef.k
ns’kLokeh A ek; tuds tUewuh AA4AA
50
33½
vkjrh dfjrks cu’kadjhyk A
ek>h ek;s Jh panzyk AA/k0AA
izdfVr gksr Hkäkalkos A
nq”V ‘kähpk uk’k dfjrh AA1AA
flagkojrh rw rs clyh A
[k³ f=’kqyk gkrh /kfjyh AA2AA
f=us=h rq f=Hkqou lqanjh A
f=Hkqou j{kk rwp drhZ AA3AA
Hkä ‘kadj oafnrks pj.kh A
dik djh rw ek>h d#.kh AA4AA
¼’kadjkuan Lokeh ;jxy½
34½
vkjrh panzykacsph
vkjrh rqt vEcs A txnacs AA rkjfoÜodqVqacs AA/k0AA
izFke eqgkjaHkk AA ?kV’kksHkk AA rkj.k edj LraHkk AA1AA
nqljh ewG ek;k AA rqt tk;k AA eLrd oanu ik;k AA2AA
yksd=; Nanks AA vkuanks AA /;krh ekul oUnks AA3AA
poFkh gh iwtk AA rqt vkstk AA vksokGhu lq[kdktk AA4AA
iapkjrh okgh AA rqt vkbZ AA lqUnj vackckbZ AA5AA
“kMxq.k laié AA véiw.kZ AA ns et eaxy lnu AA6AA
lIrLoj esGh AA rqt Hksjh AA ukuk ok| jlkGh AA7AA
Hkko cfgjkV AA ?kunkV AA oUnkou ewG ihB AA8AA
uÅfnu uo jk= AA lq[k’kkL= AA LFkkfir eaxy ea= AA9AA
n’kfo/k vorkj AA vk/kkj AA izkfFkZr fxfj/kjdqej AA10A
35½ dkuMh vkjrh
vkjrh csGxqos pUnzy ijesÜofjxs AA
vkfn eq#fr foÜoaHkfj xs AA/k0AA
vUr bYyn izdk’k rkuq AA
fuars csGxqos vEexs vkjrh ukuq AA
‘kkar eq#fr cf..k lysuq AA
;sarq ikssxGyh panzy efgesp ukuq AA1AA
,usanw lqjfy panzy egse; lksYyk AA
51
rkus rkuq csMqonq eqtxosYyk AA
LokuqHko fnans rkf;xs fOolqosuYyk AA
Kkucks/k rkf;xs le;ksféyk AA2AA
Hkhek dfx.k laxeoklh AA
‘kkejkt lnkf’ko Lokuan Hkksfxlh AA
izsefnan dksêGq danxs Hkklh AA
Lokfeuh léfr nsoh lq[kn foyklh AA3AA
36½
vkjrh panzyk ijes’kh
vkt rqÖ;k ;k] }kjh mHkk eh] vkyks ijns’kh AA/k0AA
ro n’kZu et xq:disus A ?kMys] ekul ikou dsy s
Hkjys vJw u;uh ekÖ;k dik lnk rw djh AA1AA
nwj rq>s ts LFkku vls tjh A eukar ollh fut:ikarjh
izsjd ln~xq# futnklkaojh] vuqxzgkrs djh AA2AA
ekrnsors Lejf.k rqÖ;k ee A eLrd >qdys lk”Vkaxs ru
dik ;kfprks Lohdkj lsok] vk’khoZps m)jh AA3AA
37½
jkx HkSjoh ¼pky % vc eksjh jk[kks ykt gfj½
djks vkjrh A Jh panzykackdh AA
ca/k NqMkus A eks{k nsusokyhdh AA/k0AA
léfr{ks= esa A okl djrh gks A
tSls J)k Hkfä A oSls oj nsrh gks AA
xqIrfjrls A rqe jgusokyh dh AA1AA
ije n;kGq A dikGq ekrk rqe A
tks jVrs lnk A rqEgkjs fg uke A
Hko Hk; ck/kk A feVkusokyh dh AA2AA
vjt lquks esjh A Jhpanzyk ijesÜojh A
d#.kk nklh dgs A rqe in dh psjh A
Hkfä nsoh tUetUe A eksjs lhrkjke dh AA3AA
¼jk.kh #ikckbZ ns’keq[k] gSnzkckn½
52
38½
¼pky % t;nsoh eaxGkxkSjh½
Jh panzk fgaxqyk vacs A dqy nsoh gh Hkäk ikors AA/k0AA
lsrqjktkP;k léfr uxjh A lhrk izxVs panzyk gksÅfu AA
fn/kyklh ‘kki vk.kZokykxh A rks Hkzejkacs Rok iw.kZ dsys AA
rqÖ;k disus lkS[; yk/krs AA1AA
ukjk;.keqfu rks jkfe lkpk A rikscykus vkf.k;sys rqtyk AA
enqZfu;k lsrwlh LFkkfiys iknka A HkäkaP;k rktk JhpØiwtk AA
Jhn’kZukr foÜo [ksGrs AA2AA
39½
vkjrh mtGw pany ijesÜojhph AA
vkfnewfrZ foÜoaHkjhph AA/k0AA
var uls R;k futizdk’kh AA
vksokfGu eh fur ek;s’kh AA
lksToyru ee vkbZph AA
gn;h ukans ewfrZ yko.;kph AA1AA
dk; rks okuq efgek panzyspk AA
fuxekxe uk ikj fr;spk AA
LokuqHkos Li’kZrh rs gn;h AA2AA
Hkhekdkfx.k laxeoklh AA
‘kkejkt lnkf’ko Lokuanslh AA
vHk;s izses eqäfp gk Hkklh AA
Lokeh lérh nsoh lq[k foyklh AA3AA
40½
vkfn’kfä eka ikfgoanys A
vkfnnsfoek ikfg AA/k0AA
deyeq[kh; dj dey oafnrs ink A
deylwjfpZrs deyn;kfu/ks A
vkfn nsfo eka ikfg panys AA1AA
53
41½
banzkysHkhekrhj fdfro”kZ lgL=kofj iq= >kys iz[;kr A
ukelsrqgk fo[;kr A gfjjsjke A jkejk;k AA
jk?kksckjs AA jkejk;k jk?kksckjs AA1AA
lqrcksys ‘kSfudklh nsfoegkReifjosf”V A
nsfoegkRE; ifjosf”B AA uxj {ks= léfr gksuxqafB AA gfjjsjke AA2AA
xq#?kuiwj cGofV A xq#?kj cGofV AA
iapokpk {ks=LFkku AA ex iapizk.k tk.k A
ex iap izk.ktk.k AA gfjjsjke AA3AA
vack ikfgys lnu AA iknqdk iaponu AA/k0AA
¼léfr vpZd Hkhekpk;Z laxzgkrhy vizdkf’kr jpuk½
42½
xtj gksrks d’kkpk\ efgek fgP;k ukekpk A
ekÖ;k panzykacspk gks ekÖ;k panzykacspk AA/k0AA
ukn vkyk ikÅykapk lkn >kyk iSat.khpk AA
okl gGnh dqadokpk] gks ekÖ;k panzykacspk AA1AA
iSB.khpk lglG lkojyk fgua ?kksG gks AA
in tjhcqV;kapk gks ekÖ;k panzykacspk AA2AA
vax Hkjya eksR;kua eGoV Hkjya dqadokua AA
jRus fgP;k eqdqVkyk gks] ekÖ;k panzykacspk AA3AA
dktG ‘kksHks onukyk] rkacqy ‘kksHks onukyk AA
cktw can naMkyk gks] ekÖ;k panzykacspk AA4AA
/;kl ykxyk Hktukpk jk=afnu et vacspk AA
Bko nsbZ pj.kkyk] gks ekÖ;k panzykacspk AA5AA
¼v’kksd] lksykiwj½
rq vkeqph ek; ekÅyh A rq dYio{kkph lkÅyh AA
nhu nqcGÓkk HkfäP;k gkdsyk rwp /kkoyh AA/k0AA
OguxqaBh ro {ks= A vkbZ vuqie lérh AA
‘kj.k vkyks rqtpj.kh A m)jkos Hkäk lRojh AA
rqt disyk ukgh x.krh A vkbZ x ukgh x.krh AA1AA
jf{kys rqp eqfuojk A ekrs nsÅu JhQy A
QksfMrk usÅu jkt}kjk A Hkzej ikrysls ckgsj AA
dsyk lsrwpk lagkj A dsyk ro efu m)kj AA2AA
rq f=Hkqou lqanjh A ek; rwfp Hkwfeojh AA
txr~ dY;k.k fuls A rwp vorfjyh Hkhekrhjh AA
vl’kh dfy;qxh Fkksj [kjh A rwp ,d ekÅyh AA3AA
¼v’kksd] lksykiwj½
54
43½
gGnh ojh dqadw ‘kksHks panzykacsyk A
csy okgqfu gkj ?kkyw vkbZyk AA/k0AA
uslyh ,slh fioGh iSB.kh A vaxhY;kph dkpksGh AA
eLrdh eqdqV ‘kksHkk nsrh A dktG u;ukyk AA1AA
xksB ikVY;k ?kkywfu gkrh A eaxGlw= ?kkyhu xGk AA
fgaxqys rqy ‘kksHkk nsrs A uFk ukdkyk AA2AA
flagkojrh cSlqfu vkack A y{k pgqdMs rh nsrs AA
gGnhdqadw ?ksÅfu vkys A Hkä n’kZukyk AA3AA
ikV jkaxksGÓkk lebZ ykowfu A ekÖ;k vkbZP;k Hkkstukyk AA
iap iDokés uSo|kyk A rkacw onukyk AA4AA
45½
_X.knsoh izoL;kehdqaftdkLrks=eqÙke~ AA
;srea= izHkkosu pafMdkr% ‘kqHkksHkosrq AA1AA
u dopa ukxZyk Lrks=a dhyda u jgL;de~ AA
u lwäap ukfi /;kuap U;klksupokpZua AA2AA
dqaftdk ikB ek=s.k nqxkZ ikB Qysy Hksr AA
vfrxqãrjnsoh nsokukfi nqyZ{ke~ AA3AA
xksiuh; iz;Rusu Lo;ks fujo ikoZrh AA
ekj.ka eksgua o’;a LraHkoksP;kVukfnda AA
ikB ek=s.k lafé/ksu~ dqatqdk Lrks= eqÙkee~ AA4AA
vFkea= & ॐ ,saÚghaYdh pkeqaMk;s foPps AA ॐ AA Xyks Úgqa Dyhataw l%Tokyk; Tokyk; Toy
Toy izToy] ,sa Úgha Dyha pkeqaMk;s foPps Toya ga la ya {ka QV~ Lokgk AA
euLrs #nz#fi.ks A ueLrse/kq enZuh A ue% dSnHk gkfj.;s ueLrs efg”kklwj efnZuh AA1AA ueLrs
‘kqHka g«;s; fu’kqaHkklwj ?kkfruh AA2AA Kkxzrafg egknsoh tia fl)d:Roes AA ,sdkjh lf”V #ik;s gh
dkjh izfrikydk AA3AA fYdadkjh dke #fi.;S cht ea=sueksLrqrs AA pkeqaMk paM?kkrh;;Sdkjh ojnkf;uh
AA4AA foPp pkHk;nkfuR; euLrsea=#fi.kh AA5AA /kk] /kh] /kwa /kwtZVs iRuh ok] oh] ow okx /khÜojh Øka]
Øh] Øwa dkfydk nsoh] ‘kk] ‘kh ‘kqaHks ‘kqaHk d# AA6AA gqagqa gqadkj #fi.;S A ta ta ta taHk ukfnuh AA
Hkzk] Hkzh] Hkw HkSjoh Hknzs AA HkokU;s rs ueksue% AA7AA va] da] Va] ra ia ;a ‘ka ohgq ,soh ga la AA Jh
tkxz /khtkxz =sVÓk nhIra d# dq#Lokgk AA ik ih iw ikoZrh iw.kZ AA [kk [kh [kw [kspjh rFkk AA8AA bnarq
dqaftdk Lrks=a AA ea= tkxfr gS ros AA vHkäks uSo nkrO; xksfira j{k ikoZrh AA10AA oLrq%daftdk;k
nsoh fguka lIr’krh iBsr A uoL; tk;rs fl)kj.ks jksnu ;Fkk AA11AA bfr#nz ;keys xkSjhra=s f’ko
ikoZrh laokns dqaftdk Lrks= laiw.kZ AA
¼;k Lrks= ikBkus lIr’krh ikBkps Js;½
55
46½ xk;=h czãkL=
vL;xk;=h egkea=L; A foÜokfe=_f”k% AA
vO;ä xk;=h Nan% AA ijczã Lo#fi.kh xk;=h nsork AA ee ‘k=q] Hkwr] izsr] fi’kkPp
czãjk{kl AA ;{k] ;e] nSr] Mkfduh] ‘kkfd.kh AA loZ fo|k ij;a=] ijra=] ijea=] ijdqfVy] loZ
jksx fuokjk.kkFkZ tis fofu;ksxk AA
ॐ HkyksZd] HkoyksZd] egyksZd] tuyksZd] riksyksd] lR;yksd] T;ksfryksZd] vikjver
yksd] czãyksdL; AA rOnSdqaB] f’ko] osn] u{k=] lw;Zpanz] n’kkf/kHkkxs AA v”V lgL=] v”Vn’k i qjk.k
AA vry] fory] lqry] rkykry] jlkry] egkry] ikrky] e.Mdkfn] /kwo eaMy AA i;Zuke
ukukfo/k LFkkoj taxe lqdnso] nSR;] euq”;] frFkZxkfn ukukdhVd irax Lokfr AA foÜo#fi.ks czãkfn
fifiyhdkL; ldyk Hkj.k la;qä AA
ॐ HkwHkZo Lojksuu% ri% lR;a AA Toy Toy AA izToy izToy AA Toy ekfyuh Lokgk AA
ॐ Dyh HkxksZ nsoL; /khegh A Tok- AA AA ॐ lkS f/k;ks ;ksu% izpksn;kr AA ॐ ijaT;ksfr dksVh
panzkdfr Toy Toy ॐ vkiksT;ksfr jlkseer AA czã HkwHkZo Lojkse~ AA loZ rs tks AA Toy] Toy
AA0AA ॐ ijksjtls’kkonk ;k Jh] f’k] ‘ka oa tsgy gy ls {ks ljlj;a y{k ?ka?k enZ; enZ; AA ekn;
ekn; AA gy gy Toy Toy AA TokY; TokY; AA xk;=h czãkL=s.k AA ek j{k j{k ee laHkwra
foHkat; Hkat; gqa QV Lokgk AA ॐ Úgha Úgha ÚgwaÚgSÚg% czãLo#fi.kh Toy AA0AA ॐ czãkL= eka j{k
lR; ee laHkwra foHkat; Hkat; gqa QV Lokgk AA eulsty#i tka xk;=h iz’kklu laiw.kZe~ AA0AA
47½ osn Jqrhlsok
1½ ॐ vfXu feGs iqjksfgra nsoefRote~ AA gksrkja jRu/kkre~ & ¼_Xosn½
2½ ॐ b”ks R;kstsRok ok;oLFkksik;oL; nsokso% lfork izkiZ;rq Js”Brek; deZ.ks AA &
¼;tqosZn½
3½ ॐ vXu vk;kfgohr;s x.kkuksgO;nkr;s AA fugksrklfRl djfgf”k AA & ¼lkeosn½
4½ ॐ ‘kkHkksnsoh jfHk”V; vkiksHkoarq ihl;s AA ‘ka ;ks j fHkL= oarqu% AA & ¼vFkoZosn½
5½ vFkkrks n’kZiw.kZ lkS O;k[;kL;ke% izktjfXu gks=agqRok vU; ekouh;a izk.kh; vXuhu
okn/kkfr AA uxrfJ;ksU;efXu iz.kofr AA & ¼JkSrl=e~½
6½ ifj=k.kk; lk/kwuka fouk’kk;p nq”drke~ AA /keZ laLFkkukFkkZ; laHkokfe ;qxs ;qxs AA &
¼iqjk.k½
¼leLr osn ikjk;.ka leiZ;keh½
panzykacknsoh mikldkrhy dkgh fu;e
nsohP;k ik;kr uwiqj vlY;kus dVk{krsus ?kjkrhy eqyhauk pkG okij.;kl ns.;kph eukbZ
tqU;k fiVhi;Zar gksrh- ‘kkjnksRlo Eg.kts uojk=kr lIr’krh] y{ehgn;] ukjk;.kgn;] ykfyrklgL=]
foðylgL=uke] panzyk lgL=uke ikBkpk fu;e] uojk=kr iFkd ‘k¸;k] Hkweh’k;u & iyax] xknh
bR;knhapk R;kx- dkgh fBdk.kh rsykps nhi o uanknhi] iqjk.kkpk uSos|] iqjk.kkphp vkjrh gh izFkk]
uojk=kr miokl d#u uoehl nsoh izlknkus ikj.ks] lérhl jkst iqjk.kkpkp uSos| vlrks- nsoh
miklusr dqekjh iwtsps egÙo vkxGs vkgs-
56
uojk=krhy iwtspk ladYi&
^ee lgdqVqacoL;k Jhpanzykack nsork fizrh }kjk lokZiPNkarhiwoZd nh?kkZ;q/kZu iq=kfn o`f)
‘k=qt;fdrhZ ykHk izeq[k prqfoZ/k iq#”kkFkZ fl)FkZ v| izHkwfr egkuoeh i;Zar izR;ag f=dkyseddkya
panzykack nsork iwtk eqiokludeSd HkäkU;re fu;e[kaM nhi izToyu] dqekjh iqtu&*
nhi ykorkuk&
v[kaM nhida nsO;kizfr;s uojk=de~ A mToky;s vgksjk= fpÙkks/krozr%AA
?kVkyk ekG ?kkyrkuk&
iq”iekyk ‘kqHkkjE;keiZ;keh lqjsÜojh A
fizrHko x`gk.ks ek izFkes fnolsafcds AA ¼;kizek.ks iw.kZ uÅ fnol½
57
Hkkx 4
Jhpanzykack & JhpØkpZu
ekuokP;k prqfoZ/k iq#”kkFkZ fl)hP;k n”Vhus fuxe&vkxekr vusd lk/kus nk[kfoysyh vkgsr
% R;k lk/kusr Jhfo|k gh vkxe fo|k vFkok ra=’kkL= Eg.kwu izeq[k vkgs- ;k Hkkjro”kkZr
ckS)dkykP;k iwohZ gh fo|k mPp Lrjkoj gksrh- i.k iq<hy dkGh ckS) /kekZP;k izpkjkus vkf.k
izlkjkus tks O;kid ifj.kke >kyk] R;kr ;k ‘kkL=krhy lk/kusP;k i)rhr vkf.k vuq”Bku izdkjkr
cny gksr xsyk] foLdfGri.kk vkyk vkf.k gh fo|k yqIr gksr vkyh] vlk bfrgkl vk<Grks-
lukru oSfnd /kekZP;k vfLrRokykp vkOgku Bjkos vlk rks dky gksrk- R;k osGsl iwokZikj
pkyr vkysyh ijaijk [kafMr gksÅu vkivkiY;k erkizek.ks lk/kusps Lo:i cnywu R;kpizek.ks
mins’k o nh{kk izdkj vkjaHkyk xsyk o rh Hkz”V lk/kuk :< gksr xsyh- QyLo:i l|%Qyizn]
dke/ksuqLo:i ;k ‘kkL=kP;k lk/kuki)rhr vilet vkf.k Hkz”Vrk gksÅ ykxyh- rlsp ;k fo|sP;k
n”Vhus yksdkr xSjlet vkf.k v:fp fuekZ.k gksr vkyh] vls vusd Fkksj tk.kdkjkauh uewn dsysys
vk<Grs- dfojkt HkkLdj’kkL=h ;k fganh ys[kdkus ;koj foLrkjiwoZd fyfgysys vkgs- vfydMhy
xsY;k dkgh ‘krdkrhy ,d eksBs mikld gksrs- R;kauhp Jh{ks= lérh ;sFkhy JhpØkdkj eafnjkP;k
okLrwpk th.kksZ)kj dsY;kph uksan vk<Grs- JhpØkdkj eafnjkph okLrq vlysys gs Hkkjrkrhy ,deso
vls nsohps LFkku vkgs- rs HkkLdjjk; gs Fkksj ‘kkä gksrs-
HkkjrkP;k iq.;Hkwehr HkxoRikn vk| ‘kadjkpk;Z ;kapk tUe >kyk- R;k dkGh Hkkjrkrhy
/kkfeZd thoukrhy gh fLFkrh ikgwu vR;ar okbZV okVys- ;k bZÜojksä vkxe’kähph gh v’kh
‘kkspuh; voLFkk ikgwu R;kauk eksBh O;Fkk gksr gksrh- n’kZu{ks=kr v}Sroknkpk izlkj vkf.k izpkj
d:u ckS)n’kZukP;k vfLersoj ,d izdkjs fu;a=.k vkys- vkf.k ra=&vkxe’kkL=kl ifj”Ñr :i
nsÅu lk/kuspk ekxZ i.k R;kauh iz’kLr dsyk vkf.k ;k dk;kZr vkysY;k loZ vMp.khapk ifjgkj
d:u egku dk;Z dj.;kps Js; ?ksrys-
;k ra=&vkxe ‘kkL=kr izk.kizn v’kh gh Jhfo|k vlwu ;k Jhfo|kra=kr Hkxorh
egkf=iqjlqanjhps oSf’k”VÓk vkgs- vkpk;Z Jhauh ;k nsohP;k mikluspk jktekxZ foLrkjkus fo’kn dsyk
vkgs- ;k ;ksxekxkZr ;ksxkpk;Z Hkxoku nÙkk=s;] ij’kqjke] yksikeqnzk bR;knh Js”B lk/kdkauh Lor%
vuq”Bku d:u yksdksidk;kZP;k nf”Vhus lk/kuki)rhpk izlkj dsysyk vkgs-
;k ekxkZps Js”BRo uewn djrkuk vkiY;kyk ,d xks”V izkeq[;kus fopkjkr ?ks.ks vko’;d
vkgs- rh gh dh] KkuekxZ ‘kjhjikrkuarj ijeiq#”kkFkZeks{kkpk ykHk ns.kkjk vkgs] rsFks gk
ra=ekxZ&vkxeekxZ ek= ;kp tUeh vkf.k ;kp ‘kjhjh /keZ] vFkZ vkf.k dke ;k lkscr lqyHkrsus eks{k
iznku dj.kkjk vkgs- gs ;k ekxkZps oSf’k”VÓk vkgs- vkf.k ;k ekxkZph izdk’ke; v’kh
mikluk&Jhfo|k mikluk Eg.kwu lukru dkykiklwu izfl) vkgs-
vktP;k Jhfo|k miklusrhy izpfyr fopkjkapk ijke’kZ ?ksrkuk vkiY;kyk vk<Gwu ;srs dh]
Jhfo|klaiznk; gk vk| vkpk;kZauh fufnZ”B dsysY;k fo/kkukojp vk/kkjysys vkgs- R;kaphp gh ijaijk
vkgs] ;k xks”Vhpk egÙokpk iqjkok vkiY;kyk ^Jh fo|k.kZo* ;k xzaFkkP;k voyksdukus lgt /;kuh
;sÅ ‘kdsy- gk fo’kkydk; xzaFk ;k fo|srhy ,d izekf.kr xzaFk vkgs- R;k xzaFkk/kkjsp vk|
‘kadjkpk;kZaiklwu ;k laiznk;kpk foLrkj >kyk gs uewn dj.ks vxR;kps Bjrs-
Jh fo|k.kZo&ra= gk xzaFk egku~ ;rh Jh fo|kj.kLokehauh fyfgysyk vkgs- gk xzaFk izekf.kr
vlwu loZ ra=’kkL=h; xzaFkkP;k vH;klkus Jhfo|slaca/kh nk’kZfud foospuo ;k fo|sP;k vaxizR;axkoj
58
miklusP;k loZ izdkjps foospu vkf.k fofo/k nsorkaP;k miklusP;k i)rh] ;k xks”Vhaps foospu ;k
xzaFkkr vk<Grs- ;k xzaFkkr ^dkfn* vkf.k ^gkfn* ;k nksUgh erkuqlkj loZ izdkjP;k miklusps lefUor
Lo:i fo’kn dsysys vkgs- nksu Hkkxkarwu iFkd vls foospu vkgs- ;k xazFkkP;k izFkeP;k vBjk
v/;k;krwu Jh fo|sP;k mikluslaca/kh loZ lkexzhps loZ vaxkus foospu fnysys vkgs- vkf.k
mÙkjk/kZrhy vBjk v/;k;karwu f’ko] fo”.kq] lw;Z] x.kirh rFkk ra=’kkL=kP;k vusd rkaf=d iz;ksxkps
fof/kor~ foLrkjkus fu#i.k vkysys vkgs- dkgh fBdk.kh Jhfo|k vkf.k nsohnsorkaP;k ;a=] ra=] ea=
;k rhugh xks”Vhapk euksje vlk laxep ;sFks vk<Gwu ;srks-
;k xzaFkkrwu dqykP;k xq:apk mYys[k nsrkuk lanHkkZus ijexq# xksfoan HkxoRiknkalg vk|
‘kadjkpk;kZi;Zar 71 xq:aph vkoyh fnysyh vkgs- rks Hkkx&
dfiyks·f=oZfl”B{k% A xksfoan% ‘kadjkpk;Z% ,dlRifrla[;dk% A
¼Jhfo|k.kZora= v- 1 ‘yksd 52&60½
;kuarj vk| ‘kadj ;kaP;k pkSnk f’k”;kapk mYys[k ;srks- gs loZ nsohLo:i] n<kRek]
foxzgkuqlgleFkZ vls gksrs- ;kr [kkyhy ikp fHk{kq gksrs& 1½ eaMu ¼lqjsÜojkpk;Z½] 2½ in~eikn] 3½
cks/k] 4½ xhokZ.k vkf.k 5½ vkuanrhFkZ- ;kf’kok; brj x`gLFk vls 9 f’k”; gksrs- 1½ lqanj] 2½
fo”.kq ‘kekZ] 3½ y{e.k] 4½ efYydktqZu] 5½ f=foØe] 6½ Jh/kj] 7½ dinhZ] 8½ ds’ko] 9½
nkeksnj] gs loZ eB] ihB] miihBkaps vf/kirh vkf.k vf/kdkjh gksrs-
‘kadjkpk;Z f’k”;k{k prqnZ’k n<ork% A
nsO;kRekuks n`<kRekuks fuxzgkuqxzg{kek% AA ¼’yksd 60&65½
gs loZ ‘kadjkps lk{kkr~ f’k”; gksrs] in~eizknkps ts f’k”; gksrs] R;kr 1½ ekaMy] 2½
ifjikod] 3½ fuokZ.k] 4½ xh/kZu] 5½ fpnkuan] 6½ f’koksÙke gs loZp fofoäkJeh] /khj] ekSuh vkf.k
eRlj’kwU; vls nk[kfoys vkgsr- cks/kfHk{kwps vusd f’k”; gksr s] rs loZ dsjG izkarkr izfl) gksrs
xhokZ.ksanzps f’k”; fo}sZnzhf”k.kZ vls gksrs- R;kaps f’k”; focq/ksanz vkf.k uarj lq/khanz ukokps >kys- R;kaps
f’k”; ea=xhokZ.k o iq<s gh ijaijk vusd ujkaph vkgs- ikpos f’k”; vkuanrhFkZ ;kaps f’k”; vusd
x`gLFk gksr- ,dw.k uÅ f’k”;kae/;s lqanjkpk;kZaps f’k”; vusd ihBk/kh’k gksrs- fo”.kq ‘kekZP;k f’k”;kar
izxYHkkpk;Z iafMr ukokps ,d gksrs- vkf.k R;kaP;k f’k”;ijaijsrp ;k xzaFkkph jpuk >kyh vls
Eg.krkr-
;kizek.ks xzaFkkjaHkh xzaFkdkjkps vkpk;Z ‘kadj ;kaph f’k”;ijaijk uewn dsyh vkgs- ;k ijaijsrp
;k Jhfo|k mikluspk izlkj gksr vkysyk vk<Grks- ;keqGs gh xks”V izR;;kl ;srs dh] vktph
izpfyr Jhfo|k mikluk o ijaijk vk| ‘kadjkpk;kZ}kjsp vuqxzfgr v’kh vkgs-
;k xzaFkkP;k tUekcíy i.k ,d egÙokph v’kh dFkk uewn >kysyh vk<Grs- rks izlax
[kkyhyizek.ks vkysyk vkgs-
ijaijsus vk| ‘kadjkpk;kZaps ,d f’k”; y{e.k nsf’kd ;k fo|sps eksBs vf/kdkjh Eg.kwu izfl)
gksrs- rjh ;k voLFksr ohrjkxh cuwu ;k=sdfjrk rs lapkj djhr fu?kkys- vlk izokl djhr rs
egkjktk izkS<nso ;kaph jkt/kkuh fot;uxj ;sFks vkys- jktkus ;k fo|k vkf.k riksewrhZ vlysY;k
y{e.k nsf’kd ;kl fofo/k nku nsÅu vkiY;k vkJ;kl Bsowu ?ksrys-
,dnk rs jktlHksr gtj vlrkuk vf/kdkjh yksdkauh jktkl fofo/k f}ikrwu vk.kysyh
cgqeksy jRus leiZ.k dsyh- iq<s rhp jRus jktkus y{e.k nsf’kdkdMs uksdjkdjoh ikBfoyh o R;kapk
miHkksx ?ks.;kps lqpfoys- R;kosGsl y{e.k nsf’kd ;kauh fo/khor~ vXuh LFkkiu d:u rh jRus R;k
vXuhr viZ.k dsyh- gs oÙk nwrkauh jktkl lkaxrkp] ijefojä y{e.k nsf’kd ;kaP;k ;k ÑR;kus
59
vkiykp frjLdkj dsyk xsyk vls jktkl okVysA R;keqGs Øq) gksÅu jktkus fujksi /kkMyk dh]
^vki.kkdMs ikBfoysyh loZ jRus ijr djkohr] R;kaph fdaer Bjowu rh iqu% ijr dsyh tkrhy-*
jktkpk gk ojhy lans’k nwrkauh vk.kyk- ;keqGs y{e.k nsf’kdkl [kqi jkx vkyk- vkr
tkÅu R;kauh nsohph izkFkZuk dsyh o rh jRus ijr feGowu ?ksryh vkf.k rh jRus nwrkaP;k Lok/khu
dsyh- R;k {k.khp R;kauh diV dj.kkÚ;k o czãRokps gj.k dj.kkÚ;k jktkl R;kauh fuoZ’k gks.;kpk
‘kki fnyk vkf.k jkT;kpk R;kx dsyk o rs [kkyh nf{k.ksdMs fu?kkys-
jktkyk jRus feGkyh vkf.k ‘kkii.k dGyk- jktkyk ;keqGs Qkj iÜpkrki >kyk vkf.k rks
/kkorp ;k=sP;k ekxkZoj vlysY;k y{e.k nsf’kdkP;k n’kZukl vkyk- R;kus nhu gksÅu {k.kk;kpuk
dsyh o EgVys dh] ^eh vijk/kh vkgs- vkiys lkeF;Z vksG[kys ukgh- vki.k Ñik djkoh- ek>k
m)kj djkok-* i.k y{e.k nsf’kduh lqpfoys dh] ^’kki gk veks?k vlk vkgs] i.k ;sFks n sohP;k
ladsrkeqGs ,o<sp lkaxrks dh] rqyk ,d iq= gksbZy- R;kps lq[k rqyk ;k MksGÓkkauh ikgrk ;s.kkj ukgh-
* ;kizek.ks dFku d:u y{e.k nsf’kd rsFkwu FksV nf{k.ksP;k Hkkxkl fu?kwu xsyk- ;kizek.ks FkksMhcgqr
Ñik laiknu d#u jktk ijr jkt/kkuhr vkyk-
;Fkkle; jk.kh xjksnj vlrkukp izkS<nso jktk dkyo’k >kyk- jktk ulrkuk jkt’kdV dlk
pkysy ;kdfjrk egkjk.kh vkf.k ea=h fparkxzLr >kys- ,dk rkaf=dkP;k ckcrhr >kysY;k ?kksj
vkxGhdhP;k ifjgkjkFkZ Js”B v’kk rkaf=dkpk ‘kks/k ?ksryk- R;k dkGkr Jhfo|kj.;Lokehaph ;k fo|sr
Qkj [;krh gksrh- ;k fo|srhy rs fl) iq#”k gksrs- R;kauk ikpkj.k dj.;kr vkys- jkT;j{k.kkFkZ
R;kapk vk’khokZn laiknu dsyk- loZ iztk] egkjk.kh] ea=h ;kauh izkFkZuk d:u jkT;kr R;kauk vk.kys-
jk.khl iq= gksÅu jkT;’kdV laHkkG.;ki;ZarP;k dkGkr jkT;kph /kqjk ;k Jhfo|kj.; egkiq#”kkauh
lkaHkkGyh- ;k fo|kj.;LokehaP;k rikeqGs veki laiÙkh ;sFks vkyh- ;k laiÙkhpk mi;ksx d:u
fo|kj.;Lokeh ;kauh JhpØkP;k vk/kkjkoj rsFks uohu uxjhph LFkkiuk dsyh- Jhfo|kuxjph eqgwrZes<
jksoyh- jktdqekj jkT;’kdV lkaHkkG.;kl ;ksX; >kY;koj R;kpk jkT;fHk”k sd Jhfo|kj.; ;kauh dsyk-
o ,dk eksBÓkk jkT;kph O;oLFkk ykowu fnyh- ,o<s egku dk;Z dsys-
;kizek.ks izkS<nsokP;k iq=kP;k dkGkr jkT;lHksrhy loZ fo}kukauh Jhfo|kj.;kaph izkFkZuk dsyh
dh] T;k nsohP;k fnO; vuqxzgkus vki.k gs jkT; fuekZ.k dsys- R;k nsohP;k mikluspk izdkj letkok
Eg.kwu xzaFkkph jpuk djkoh ;keqGs Hkkoh dkGkr vkEgkyk bgyksd vkf.k ijyksd ;k lk/kuseqGs
mTToy dlk gksbZy gs mexsy-
;k fouarhpk Jhfo|kj.;kauh Lohdkj dsyk o R;kauh i.k nsoh Hkxorhph vuqKk ekfxryh-
nsohph vkKk feGrkp ;key bR;knh ukuk ra=kaP;k xzaFkkrhy Kku] fparu] euu vkf.k la’kks/ku d:u
^gknh* vkf.k ^dknh* ;k nksUgh erkaP;k fl)karkuqlkj vkf.k yksdksizdkjkFkZ ;k ^Jhfo|k.kZo&ra=*
ukokP;k xzaFkkph jpuk dsyh- xzaFkkP;k iwrZrsuarj izR;{k nsohp rsFks R;kaP;k lUeq[k izdV >kyh-
R;kosGh nsohl Jhfo|kj.;Lokehauh oj ekfxryk- rs Eg.kkys] ^ekrs] xq#Øe vkf.k ea=kP;k xkSjokpk
eh xzaFk fuekZ.k dsyk] fparu vkf.k euukus ‘kkL=kpk xzaFk fyfgyk- vkiyk vk’khokZn gok dh] iq<s
;k dyhP;k izHkkokus xq#fu”Bk] nh{kk ;k xks”Vh vHkkokusp jkgrhy] R;kosGsl nh{ksP;k vHkkohlq)k
dq.kh ;k ea=klp xq# ekuwu lk/kuk dsyh rj R;kl fl)h izkIr Ogkoh-* ;k R;kaP;k fouarhpk Lohdkj
d:u nsohus ^rFkkLrq* EgVys o rh var/kkZu ikoyh-
HkxoRikn ‘kadjkpk;Z ;kaps f’k”; txékFk ;kauh iqjh ¼vksfjlk½ e/;s] xkSM&eSfFky o caxky
ns’kkr Jh/kjkpk;Z vkf.k dinhZ f’k”;kauh dk’kh] v;ks/;k izkarkr ;k Jhfo|ksikluspk O;kid jhrhus
izpkj o izlkj dsyk vkgs- vlk bfrgkl fnysyk vkgs-
60
;k foospukrwu ,d xks”V fl) gksrs dh] vktph izpfyr Jhfo|k lk/kuk o laiznk; vk|
‘kadjkpk;Z vkf.k R;kaP;k f’k”;ijaijsrwu pkyr vkysyh vkgs- v}Sr czãkph LFkkiuk dj.kkjs
HkxokRikn vk| ‘kadjkpk;Z egkjktkaP;k n”Vhus Jhfo|sph vf/k”Bk=h Jh yfyrk egkf=iqjlqanjh
jktjktsÜojh ijkack v}Sr czã:ik ghp vkgs-
mifu”knkrhy ^,da czã f}rh;a ukfLr* gk fl)kar ra=’kkL=kri.k Lohdkjysyk vkgs- czãkl
ije fuokZ.k’käh EgVys vkgs- ijefuokZ.k’kähph bPNk >kyh dh] ,dks·ga cgqL;ke~ iztk;s;%* ;keqGs
uknkph mRiÙkh gksrs- uknkus fcanw] f’ko vkf.k ‘kähP;k laxekus ^ijkax fcnq* EgVys vkgs- gk fcanw
,dk y?kqoÙkk}kjs vfHkO;ä gksr vlrks] T;kP;k dsanzkr czãikn vkgs] tks izÑrhiq#”kkpk |ksrd
vkgs- ;k oÙkhP;k ckgÓk js[ksl ek;k Eg.kwu lacks/kys vkgs- ;klp ‘kCnczãlq)k EgVys vkgs- ;k
}kjsp Kku’käh] bPNk’käh vkf.k fØ;k’kähps izknqHkkZo gksr vlrks- ;sFks lRo] jt] re |ksrd
vlwu l”VhP;k foLrkjkus jgL; ;sFksp vkgs-
,dk vU; n”Vhdksukrwu ;k vkfn’kähph rhu :is & 1½ ij] 2½ lw{e vkf.k 3½ LFkwy
ekuyh vlwu fo”.kq;keykr ;k ij :ikl dq.kh tk.kr ukghr vls uewn dsys vkgs- ,d vH;kld
Jh- lq[klkxj flagk ;kauh ;kps foospu vR;ar ekfeZd vls dsysys vkgs-
dqaftdkra=kuqlkj czãk] fo”.kq] :nz ;kauk l”Vhpk drkZ ekuysys ukgh- R;kaP;k LFkkuh czkãh]
oS”.koh vkf.k :nzk.kh ;kauk l”VhdrhZ] ikyudrhZ vkf.k lagkjdrhZ Eg.kwu nk[kfoys vkgs- czãk] fo”.kq
vkf.k egs’k ;kauk vkiY;k ^’käh* [ksjht dkgh djrk ;sr ukgh] ;keqGs vkfn’kähph loZrksijh
egÙkk fl) gksrs-
‘käkuan rjafx.khP;k vk/kkjs egknsohph vusd :is vkgsr- ljLorh] y{eh] xk;=h] nqxkZ]
f=iqjlqanjh] véiw.kkZ b- fofo/k ukokus rh vksG[kyh tkr-
ek;kxHkZ vkf.k ekrxHkZ ,dp vkgsr- vkR;afrd izy;kP;k voLFksr ek;k] fo|k] tho o
bZÜoj Hksn ukghls gksrkr- ek;sps rkfÙod fu#i.k djrkuk ‘kadjkpk;Z foosdpqMke.khr Li”Vp lkaxrkr
dh] ek;k lr~ ukgh o vlr~ ukgh fdaok mHk;:i ukgh- rh czãkiklwu osxGh ukgh ok czã:i ukgh
ok mHk;:i ukgh- rh lkax ok vaxjfgr ok mHk;:i ukgh] rh izR;qr egku~ vn~Hkqr vkf.k
vfuoZpuh; vkgs-
;k fo”k;h fo|kj.;Lokeh dFku djrkr dh] ^ek;sr izfrfcafcr gks.kkjk fpnkRek ;k ek;sl
o’khHkwr d:u loZK bZÜoj curks- vfo|sr izfrfcafcr gks.kkjk fpnkRek R;k vfo|seqGs o’khHkwr gksÅu
^tho* Eg.koyk tkrs- ¼iapn’kh½
eh czãLo:fi.kh vkgs- ekÖ;kiklwu izÑrh vkf.k iq#”kkph mRiÙkh vkgs- l”VhP;k ewyLFkkuh
ehp vkgs vls nqxkZlIr’krhr EgVys vkgs- nqxsZl foÜoekrk] foÜoeksfguh] vkRe’käh] egkek;k
Eg.kwu nsorkuh izkFkZuk dsyh vkgs- jk=hlwäkr gsp o.kZu vkgs-
ek;k] vfo|k vFkok ik’k ;kaP;koj fot; izkIr d#u tho bZÜojRokl izkIr gksrks- R;kizek.ks
;k f=iqjsÜojh ‘kähr foyhu gksÅu dSoY;kpk ykHk gksr vlrks- ;kdfjrk ^f=iqjokn* visf{kr vkgs-
f=nsokauh th ‘käh izkIr gksrs rh ewyk/kkj ^f=iqjk’käh* vkgs-
ik’kqir n’kZukr i’kq] ik’k vkf.k i’kqirh vuqØes izÑrh] tho vkf.k ijesÜojkps i;kZ;
vkgsr- f’koiqjk.kkP;k ok;oh; lafgrsr ok;qnsokus eg”khZauk gs rÙoKku fo’kn dsys vkgs o uewn dsys
vkgs dh] i’kq] ik’k vkf.k i’kqirhps Kkup Js”B vkgs- i’kwyk ik’keqä dj.ksp i’kqirhps egku
dk;Z vkgs- ik’k] ey] deZ o ek;k izrhd vkgs- foHkqäh vkf.k ifj’kq)hl ik’kkpk R;kx
vko’;d vlrks- i’kqRo ey vkgs- vkoj.k ik’k vkgs- R;kaP;k fouk’kkus dY;k.kkph&f’kokRokph
61
izkIrh gksrs vls rÙo ‘kSon’kZukr vkysys vkgs- i’kq ¼iq#”k½] ik’k ¼ek;k½ vkf.k irh ¼f’ko½ ;k
frUghaps ØhMkdk;Z laiw.kZ foÜokpk [ksG vkgs- {ksejktkus ^f’kolw= foe’kZuh* e/;s gkp vk’k; fnyk
vkgs-
chtw] fcanw vkf.k ukn ukokP;k rhu rÙokaP;k ekxkZoj pky.kkjh ‘käh iznku dj.kkjh
egk’käh&f=iqjk’kähp vkgs] jspd] iwjd vkf.k dqaHkdkl ^f=iqj* Eg.kwu vksG[krkr- ;kP;koj fot;
izkIr dj.kkjh ^f=iqjk* vkgs- ljLorh] dkyh] y{eh ;k rhu :ikr lefUor rh f=iqjk’käh tkr s- ;k
lk/kusr ngk egkfo|k visf{kr vkgsr ¼fl)ke`r½
f=iqjk jgL;kl Li”V dj.;kl dqaMfyuh’kähpk fopkj vkdyu dj.ks lkgÓkkps Bjsy-
;kdfjrk bMk] fiaxyk] l”kqUek ;k rhuoj fot; izkIr gks.ks vxR;kps vlrs- ;k fot;kus rh lqanj
“kksM’kh curs- lr~] fpr~ vkuannk;d f=iqjkl ftadwu vtL= vkuankP;k l”Vhl fuekZ.k djrs-
;kizek.ks dqaMfyuhp f=iqjlqanjh vkgs- ewyk/kkjkr lqIroLFksr iMwu vlrk rh likZdkj vlrs- rsFks loZ
Hkko rksoj lqIr vlrkr- lk/kuk vkf.k xq#ÑisP;k ;ksxs rh pØHksnu vkf.k xzaFkhHksnu d:u gn;kr
LiankfRed’kähP;k :ikus tkxzr gksÅu lgL=kjkr f’kokr laehfyr gksrs] rsOgk rh iw.kZ dykorh rFkk
f=iqjlqanjh curs- ;k fLFkrhr frUgh izdkjps ey uk’k ikorkr o tho eqä gksrks- uke:ikiklwu
osxGk cuwu czãyhu gksÅu fu:ikf/kd curks-
;k foospukus ,d xks”V fl) gksrs dh] vkfn’kähp f=iqjk vkgs- ;k egk’kähpk yhykfoLrj
Eg.kts gh l”Vh gks;- fpÙk:i Eg.kts frps ,sÜo;Z vkf.k vfpnzwi Eg.kts eykoLFkk vlrs- rsFks
ek;sph&izeq[krk vlrs- f=iqjknkgkuarj tho ‘kq)&cq)&eqä Lo:ikl izkIr djhr vlrks-
¼iw.ks&larÑik&Qsczqokjh 1993½
62
ckykf=iqjlqanjh JhpØkpZufo/kh
¼lérh ;sFkhy iwtkjh os- ‘kkekpk;Z ;kaps laxzgkrhy vizdkf’kr½
JhenÓkkKoYo; xq#H;ksue% AA Jhy{eh panzykack;sue% jkekuan iknkacqts oansukekfelnf’kok
AA o{ks ladsr lkjs.k ckyk pa=kpZufof/k AA Jh AA xq# x.kirh nqxkZcVwda f’koeqP;ra AA czkã.kfxjhtk
y{eh okf.k oans foHkwr;s AA1AA Jhef=iqjlqanjh lk/kdksre% AA czkãh eqgqrZpksR;k;a AA Jhxq#&nsork
Lej.kaÑRok AA vFk ea=lkjksä foltZu AA nar/kkou ‘kkSpkeu Lukula/;k nsork vfHkoanu
fuR;fof/kÑRok AA rnuarjsnzO;pZu eaViizos’k AA f’kokfnxq#ouse% AA bR;klu iwoZeq[ks ok mÙkjeq[ks ok
mifo’;s A miklu lkjs.k Hkq’kq)h%Hkwr ‘kq)h izk.k izfr”Bkarj LFkkiua AA loZflf)fena nh?kZRo loZ
frfejkig AA loZ fo?u ‘;afr lk/kds f’kf}epZ;sr AA nsfookenhis la/;ki;Zar AA xq#ins’ksu ;a=ks}kj
lafp;sr AA pØs iq”ikatyh nRok AA vkar;Zcfg;Z tuk;sek= lk/kua dfj”;s AA bfr ladYisAA Lo
okeHkkxs f=dks.k Ñr prqL=eaMya foyh[;s A fo|klus ifjty dy’ka izfr”BkI;s AA xaxsp ;equspso AA
& AA tysfLe l=f/kadq# AA bR;fHkea=;s AA xa/kk{kr dqlqesiwtf;Rok AA tya ;kxfy;alaizks{k AA
ik=klk/kua fof/kf=P;rs AA lkekU;ap fo’ks{kap xq#ik=ap rfr;da AA Hkkxik=ap ‘kfä ik=ap iapok
AA1AA lkekU; LFkkikfof/k AANAA nsfo nf{k.kHkkxs f=dks.k oÙkprqjL=eaMya fofjP;s AA ,s vk/kkjs Dyha
lkS tya iwla;sRok AA ‘ka[k iqjf;Rok AA ‘ka[kiwtk ÑRok AA fo’ks”kk/;s LFkkiua AA Lonf{k.kHkkxs
nsO;kReu;kse/;s f=dks.koÙkprqjL=eaMya fofy[;k AA okekaxq”Bsu Hkwfe vo”BsuH;% AA /keZiznoSÜokuj
n’kadkyU;lsr r|Fkk AA v{krkozrkdkj.ks iwt;sr AA ;a /kweksfpZr dyk;sue% AA _ m”ekdyk;sue% AA
ya ToGohdyk;sue% AA ‘ka foLQfyafxuh dyk;sue% AA5AA ‘ka lqfL=dyk;sue% AA6AA
la lq=hikdyk;sue% AA7AA ga dfiyk dyk;sue% AA8AA Ga gO;dyk;sue% AA9AA {ka dO;
okg Dyk;sue% AA10AA lq/kwiokflr lqo.kkZfn dy’ka izfr”Bk;sAA e=karjs vFkZizn }kn’k lw;Zdyk;sue%
AA da Hka rfifudyk;sue% AA ya oa /kwezkdyk;sue% AA /ka “ka ekfjfpdyk;sue% AA4AA Ma ua Tofyuh
dyk;sue% AA5AA pa /ka #fpdyk;sue% AA6AA Nana lq”kqEuk dyk;sue% AA7AA ta ;a Hkksxnk dyk;sue%
AA8AA Ka ;a foÜokdyk;sue% AA9AA Va <a /kfj.khdyk;sue% AA10AA ja .ka cksf/kuh dyk;sue% AA11AA Ba
ba Kkudyk;sue% AA12AA bR;H;P;Z AA czã ‘kkifoekspu foeksp; lq/kknsO;sue% AA osnkuka iz.kokschta
czãkuane;ks;fn AA rsuläsunsoslh czã’kki foeksfprka AA1AA fo”.kq’kki foekspu ea=L; fo”.kq_f”k% AA
vuq”BHkNan oS”.kokuqxzfgr lq/kknsohnsork fo”.kq’kki foekspu ea=L; fofu;ksxk AA Øka Øha Øwa ØkS Ø%
fo”.kq ‘kkeekspu foekspu lq/kknso;sue% AA panzkfnR; ladk’k o.kj.kky;laHkos AA tiocht e;ansoh
fo”.kq’kki foeksfprs AA bfr f=% AA #nz’kki foekspu ea=L; bZÜoj _f”k% AA iafä Nan% #nzkuqxzfgr
lq/kknsohnsork #nz’kki foekspus fofu;ksx% AA Úgka Úgha Úga Úgs ÚgkS Úg% AA #nz’kki foekspu
lq/kknsos;sue% AA Jhjkf} eFkuks Hkwrs lq/kker cka/kos loZ nsolqizléR;s loZflf)iznksHko AA ‘kqØ’kki
foekspu ea=L; ‘kqØ_f”k% f=”ViqNan% HkkxZofuxzfgr rr% AA lqokfluh ei;qf”kRes AA ‘ks O;
ekuh;gLrsxzghRok AA ॐ Úgha Jh {kkS% vkJ;QVsfr v{krk rkM;sfr AA ॐ ueks Hkxorh xzkepkaMkfyuh
AA Hkxorh mfPp”B pkaMkfyuh AA vL; nzO;L;kfXutjL;LRokfn n’knks”k fuokj.ka dq# dq# gqa QVsLokgk
AA bfr n’kokjefHkea=;k dy’kaiwjf;Rok AA ewy ea=s.kk fHkea=; AA vFk /;kua AA v.kovkfneyik’ks
foekspuh AA x|i|ekZ;okfXoykf’kuh AA e/; e/; ijesÜojhHkos AA czã’kki #nz’kki ‘kqØ’kki foekspus
AA vFk ‘kki foekspu dw;kZr AA ewysu v”Vnk vfHkea=L; czã_f”k% xk;=hNan% AA czãkuqxzfgr
lq/kknsoh nsork czã’kki foekspus fofu;ksx% AA cka czha cw csz cz% AA lq/kknsohnsork ‘kqØ ‘kki foekspus
fofu;ksx% AA ‘kka ‘kha ‘kwa ‘kkS ‘k% AA ‘kqØ foeksp; lq/kknsO;sue% AA ,deso ijczã LFkwy] lw{e e;a/kw;a
AA dpks|rk czãikysu uk’kk;kE;ga AA ‘kqØ’kki foeqäksHko AA ॐ ,sa Úgha Jh Jka lq/kknsoh;ue% AA
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bfr prq”B ‘kkifoeqäksHko AA ॐ ,sa Úgha Jha Jh Jwa Js JkS J% AA ewyea=s.k f=jkoyh% AA ‘kqØ
‘kkifoeksp; foekspu lq/kknsO;sue% AA ikikaersdkeiznbanks’kksM”k dyk;sue% AA r|k AA va verdGk
Jh iknqdkiwt;fHkue% AA vka vkuan dGk Jh- ik- iw- AA b- iw”kk dGk Jh- ik- iw- AA bZ rq”VhdGk
Jh- ik- iw- AA ma i”VhdGk Jh- ik- iw- AA da jrhdGk Jh- ik- iw- AA _ /kfrdGk Jh- ik- iw- AA
_ ‘kf’kdGk Jh- ik- iw- AA ywa panzdGk Jh- ik- iw- AA ywadkfrdGk Jh- ik- iw- AA rstksRLukdGk
Jh- ik- iw- AA ,thadGk Jh- ik- iw- AA vks fizrhdGk Jh- ik- iw- AA vkS vaxnkdGk Jh- ik- iw- AA
va ve`rdGk Jh- ik- iw- AA15AA v% iw.kZe`rdGk Jh- ik- iw- AA16AA vkekfn izkn f{k.;sulaiwT;s AA
fo’ks”kk/;ZL;kI;AA fo’ks”kokes’kqf) AA ‘kdya izfr”BkI;s AA ewyea=s.kkfHeat;s AA xq#ik=a AA Hkksxkik=a AA
‘kfä ik=a AA iwoZeaMGfofy[;s AA ik=ks/kkjs oUghdGk O;k;slw;ZdGk AA ik=kerspanzdGk vklk| AA
vXus Hkksx ik=a izfr”Bk¸; AAloZ czã#ia/;kRok AA r r% LokRekua xa/kk{krk dqlesjäaÑRok AA
rÙoprq”B; vkRekua ‘kks/k;kr AA f’kjfl=;riZ.kaÑRok AA vkRerÙos ‘kks/k;keh AA riZ;kfeAA
tqgksfeLokgk AA fo|krÙos ‘kks- r- tq- AA f’korÙos ‘kks- r- tq- AA loZrÙos ‘kks- r- tq- AA
ckykpØiwt;kfe AA iwuukFkZ xqjfnauq’kaKeknR; AA dqyiwtk lekjHksrAA Jhxq#nf{k.kkewrhZ Hkäkuqxzgdkj.kk
AA bfr vuqKk nsfgHkxoku~ AA ckyk pØkpZuk;sue% AA bfr vuqKk laik| AA ;ksfu eqnzkiz.kesr AA
xa/kkiq”ika {krkslaiwT;s AA ,sf=iqjknsohp fon~egs AA Dyh dkesÜojhp /khefg A lkSru% ‘kfä izpksn;kr~ AA
egkinekoukrjL; ijesÜojh A vFk izk.k izfr”Bk dw;kZr AA ॐ vka Úgha Øka va ;a ja ya oa ‘ka “ka la ga
galk% AA ,d n’kkorkj tisr AA nso’khHkqä lqyHks lokZo.kZla;qrs AA ;koRoa iwtf;”;kferk o
RlalqfLFkjkHko AA pØsf=iqj lqanjhekokgÓkk AA ewysu “kMkax U;kl ÑRok AA nf{k.k gLrsu v{krkx`fgRok
AA fcanw pØewysu Jhckykf=iqjlqanjh Jhiknqdk iwt;kfeue% AA LriZ;k feue% AA bfr f=- AA
lfoUe;s ijsnsfoijeker #fpfiz;s AA vuqKk f=iqjjsnsfoifjokjkpZuk;es AA nzO;rq eknk; prqjlpØs.k
iq”ikatyh nRok AA vfrlkaxqHkSjok; Jh iknqdkiwt;kfeue% AA LriZ;kfeue% paM HkSjok;ue% AA Jh-
ik- r- AA mUeyk HkSjok;ue% AA Jh- ik- r- AA diky HkSjok;ue% AA Jh- ik- r- AA Hkh”k.k
HkSjok;ue% Jh- ik- r- AA lagkj HkSjok;sue% Jh- ik- r- AA8AA
xa/kkfnlyksi pkjkuq;qt;Rok AA nzka LraHko eqnk;ue% AA bfr izkFkZuko.kZ AA v”Vnys pØs
iq”ikatyh AA ,s Úgh Jh czãk oks Jhiknqdk iwt;kfeue% AA LriZ;kfeue% AA1AA ॐ,s Úgha Jha Jh- ik-
iw- r- AA2AA ॐ Úgsa Úgh Jh dkSek;kZapk Jh- ik- iw- r- AA3AA ॐ ,as Úgh Jh”;k;kapk Jh- ik- iw- r-
AA5AA ॐ ,as Úgh Jhaegkvkack Jh- ik- iw- r- AA6AA ॐ ,as Úgha Jh pkeqaaMkck Jh- ik- iw- r- AA7AA
ॐ ,as Úgh Jh egky{E;kapk Jh- ik- iw- r- AA8AA ॐ v”Vny pØs ;Fkklkax iwt;sr AA nzh prqjL=
eqnzk;ue% AA f}rh; i.kZ AA “kVdks.kpØ iq”ikatyhnkRok AA ,as Úgh Jh nuqtkrdkack Jh- ik- iw- r-
AA ॐ Úgh Jh jäkafcdk Jh- ik- iw- r- AA2AA ,as Úgha Jh ‘kklo;kZack Jh- ik- iw- r- AA3AA ॐ
m Úgh JhnqxkZack ik- r- AA4AA ॐ ,sa Úgha Jha Hkzkejkack Jh- ik- r- AA5AA ॐ m Úgh Jh Hkhekack
Jh- ik- r- AA8AA
xa/kfn loksZipkjs iwtk dRok AA Dyh ePNeqnzk;ue% AA rfr;ki.kZ AA f=dks.kpØs iq”ikatyh
nRok AA ॐ ,sa Úgha Jh ,segkdkR;kack AA3AA f=dks.kpØs ;Fkklkax iwt;sr AA czqaxkslwjeqnzk;ue% AA
prqFkkZoj.ka AA fcanqpØs iq”ikatyh nRok AA ॐ ,sa Úgha Jha ,saDyha lkS AA ckyk f=iqjlqanjh Jh- ik- r-
AA bfr f=okj AA xa/kfn loksZipkj iwt;sr AA l% ;ksuheqnzk ;sue% AA nsfonf{k.kHkkxs prqjL= eaMy
uSos| ik=alaLFkkI; A ldr lq/kk xk;=hapizks{k;sr AA /ksuqeqnzk ;ksuheqnzk izn’kZ;sr AA ewysuiapokj gqRok
64
uSos|aleiZ;kfe AA mÙkjk iks”k.k nRok AA bZ’kkU; Hkkxs prq%f=dks.k prqjL= eaMy fofy[;s AA ॐ ueks
Hkxors cVqdukFk nsfo iq=dfiykuVk Hkklqj f=us= Tokykeq[kloZ fo?uuk’kk; uk’kpa ,gh ,gh {kek
iwtkoyh xzOg xzOgrqLokgk AA bfrokaxq”B ckfyfoltZ;sr AA Lo okeekxs f=dks.k prqjL= eaMys
lqokflU;keqifo’; AA xa/kfngaiwT; ‘kfä ikjan|kr ‘ks”k ;kp;sr AA Lo f’k[kjkfl xq#=; larI;s AA
Lo;esoLohdR; AA iqu% rÙo prq”V;a n|kr AA cyh foltZ;sr AA Jhckyk f=iqj pØs
vkjrhaD;adwnfr AA var% rst cfgLrst ,dhdR;a AA ferh izHkhfé/kkn O;kikj czkãdqynhifuosn;sr AA
bfrfujkatunhi leiZ;keh AA vFk iq”ikatyh AA Hkt vtgfj jkpqrs fof/kHkw”k.k lqanjh izlhn ijnsors AA
ijeeaxGs ‘kkaHkoh ljRuef.k iknqdk fudVorhZ fnO; Lo;aHkw fojaph AA fofgrLrojfpr;ks”V iq”ikatyh
AA bfr iq”ikatyh leiZ;keh AA
nsO;sjktksipkj fo/kk; AA ;kfudkfup ikifr AA iznf{k.kk ueLdkjkfu leiZ;keh AA dk;su
eulk okpk djkH;k eqnjs.k f’kf’kU;kU;dra ;~dra rRloZ AA Jh nsorkiZ.k eLrq AA Hkw
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r% Jhxq#[;k; lk{kkr f’kok;p AA djkH;ka ik= eq/k`R;f}rh; leiZ;srk AA xq# lrqRokuRok AA
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f’kjflxq#=;riZ.kadRok AA Lo;esoLohdoZu~ AA ‘ks”ka xksi;sr AA ‘ka[kksndsu ldys tuk laiz{ks AA
ik=kC/k}k’; AA iz{kkY; xksi;Rik=a ;Fkklq[kkaxq# nsokRek ea=k.kka ,sD; lafpr;s }/kk ‘kkarhjLrq AA
;L;LeR;k AA bfr Jh enjkekuan inkacqt;Zxk;eku lnkuan jfprs ckykpØkpZu iwtki)fr lekIra AA
;k n’;a iqLrda rk nz’;a fyf[kra e;k vi}h ok lqc)ks ee nks”kks u fo|rs AA2AA ‘kds 1871
dkfrZd ‘kq AA frFkh 4 fyf[kra lekIra AA6AA
ea= & Jh Jh Jh ys[k fufVys fo/kheeZfyih folaT;arja AA Ro;a fofyf[kr O;esrfnuh rRQy
izkIr;s AA rnuarj Qys LQqVa deyokfluh Jhfjeka AA leiZ; leqfnzdk ldyHkkX; lalwfpdke AA
¼y{ehgn;½
vpZuk & rsoR;k fujkatukP;k T;ksrhoj iq#”klwä vkf.k Jhlwä ,d ,d _pk vkGhikGhus
Eg.kwu rwikpk Fksac Vkd.;kus ;Kkps QG ykHkrs- ¼ea=’kkL=½
ikSf.kZesP;k jk=h iw.kZ panzkl voyksdu djhr 108 xk;=h ea=kpk ti loZ flf/ndkjd vkgs-
65
Hkxorh fgaxqyknsoh
lrhP;k nsgkps fofHké vax tsFks tsFks iMys R;k fBdk.kh 51 ‘kfäihB fuekZ.k >kyh vkgsr-
;k ‘kfäihBkaiSdh vXus; ‘kfäihB Eg.kwu nsoh fgaxqysps LFkku vkgs- ^ra= pwMe.kh* vkf.k
^czgéhyra=* ;k xzaFkk}kjs nsohps czãja/k T;k fBdk.kh iMys rsFks fgaxqyknsoh vkf.k HkSjoHkheykspu LFkku
fuekZ.k >kY;kpk nk[kyk feGrks-
HkkSxksfydfjR;k 25-30 v{kka’k vkf.k 65&31 ns’kkarjkP;k iwoZe/;koj fla/kqunhP;k
mxekiklwu 80 eSykaoj vkf.k vjch leqnzkiklwu 12 eSykaoj gs LFkku fuekZ.k >kys- ;sFks edjku ;k
ioZrkph jkax vkgs- ;sFks gs vXus; rhFkZ rFkk fgaxqyknsohps LFkku vkgs- vkt gk Hkkx ikfdLrkuP;k
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gt* vls Eg.krkr- ;k fgaxqyknsohph iwtk fganqP;k[ksjht cyqphLFkkups eqlyeku i.k J)suss djrkr-
rsFks yky dkiM] mncÙkh] es.kcÙkh] vÙkj o Qqys vkf.k izlknkl feBkbZ vlk izdkj iwtsr rs
mi;ksxkr vk.krkr-
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yksd fgaxqy ukokps [kfutnzO; Me:;a=k}kjk dk<.;kph izfØ;k djrkr- ;k izdkjs fgaxkph izkIrh
gksrs-
fgaxqykack rFkk fgaxqyknsohph mikluk dj.kkjs vusd nsohHkä Hkkjrkr fo’ks”kr% nf{k.ksr
vkgsr- gs fgaxqyknsohps ifo=LFkku ikfdLrkukr vkgs ;kph dYiuk vusdkauk ukgh- ;k eqG LFkkukpk
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vkgs- Hkkfodkauk gh ekfgrh egÙokph okVsy-
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djfo.kkjs iaMs rFkk iqjksfgr feGrkr-;kauk ^NMhnkj* Eg.kwu vksG[krkr- ;k NMhnkjkaP;k gkrkr R;k
Hkkxkrhy ioZrkrhy ,dk o{kkP;k Qka|kiklwu cufoysyh ,d f=’kwyotk NMh vlrs- R;koj irkdk
i.k vlrs vkf.k yky o dkGÓkk jaxkP;k dkiMkps R;koj vkoj.k vlr- gh NMh ;k iw.kZ ;k=sr
R;kaP;k gkrkr vlrs-
gkounhP;k fdukÚ;koj ;k=sd:al R;k NMhph iwtk dj.;kl lkaxwu ^fgaxqyk ekrk dh t;*
;k yydkÚ;kus gh e:LFky ;k=k vkjaHkrs- gs iaMs ,d ,d dkGs vFkok Hkxos oL= ;k=sd:l
nsrkr- R;k osGsl ;k=sd:us ‘kiFk ?;koh ykxrs- R;k ‘kiFksr [kkyhy vk’k; vlrks-
^ekrk fgaxqykps n’kZu ?ksÅu ijr ;sFks ;sbZi;aZr vkEgh laU;kl/kekZizek.ks okxw] ,desdkal
;Fkk’käh lkgÓk d:- gn;kr bZ”kkZ] }s”k] fuank bR;knh Hkko Bso.kkj ukgh vkf.k lkscr vlysY;k
lqjbZrhy ty dq.kk nqlÚ;kl ns.kkj ukgh- ex rsFks xq#f’k”;] irh&iRuh] firk&iq= fdaok
vkbZ&eqyxk dq.khgh vlks- vkiY;k lqjbZrhy ik.kh vki.kp fiÅ-*gh izfrKk ;k=sd:auk NMh/kkjh
nsoohrkr- tks dq.kh ;k fu;ekps mYya?ku djhy R;kpk eR;w vVG vkgs v’kh Hkhrh ?kkryh tkrs-
NMhnkj R;k gkounhrwu izR;sd ;k=sd:auk vkiY;k lqj;k Hk:u ?ks.;kpk vkns’k nsrkr- ekrk
fgaxqysP;k t;t;dkjkr gh ;k=k vkjaHkrs- okGoaVkrhy gh ;k=k Eg.kts vkxhP;k okVsus tk.ks vlrs-
tsFks ik.kh vkf.k fuokjk HksVsy rsFks foJkarh ?ksrk ;srs- dkgh osGsyk jk=hP;k ,soth fnolki.k ykxrs-
cgqrsd gk ekxZ jk=hP;k osGhp vkØekok ykxrks-
izFke okVsr ^xq#f’k”;* LFkku ykxrs- rsFks okGoaVkr nksu nxM jksoysys vkgsrrs ^xq#f’k”;*
izrhd ekurkr- ,dk xq#dfjrk f’k”;kus vkiyh lqjbZ fjrh dsyh- i.k f’k”;kyk rgku ykxyh rsOgk
xq#us ik.kh fnys ukgh- f’k”; rMQMr esyk- i.k R;kp osGsl xq#ps deaMyw QqVys o rs i.k
66
dkyo’k >kys- R;k e:LFkykoj R;k nks?kkaps gs Lekjd vkgs- gk dFkkHkkx ;k=sd:uk lkaxrkr] ;k
e:LFkykr tsFks tsFks ik.;kps okih&dwi ok foghjh vkgsr rsFks R;k j[kokynkjkl ik.;kP;k
ekscnY;kr Hkkdjh |koh ykxrs-
;k=sr ,dk igkMkP;k ekF;koj likV Hkkx ykxrks] rsFks rks igkM /kwj vksdhr vkgs vlk
Hkkl gksrks- rsp ^panzdwirhFkZ* vkgs- rsFks fnol mtkMrkp p<ko p<kok ykxrks- rsFks xsY;koj izR;sd
;k=sd:l vkiY;k xqIr BsoysY;k ikikph dcqyh |koh ykxrs- L=h gR;k] Hk.kgR;k b- ps iki
dcwy dsY;koj fgaxqykekrsP;k n’kZukl iq<s tk.;kph panzdwi njckjkph vkKk gksrs] gh /kkj.kk vkgs-
vkiys iki xqIr Bso.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk rj vkKk feGr ukgh- R;k yksdkauk rsFksp lksMwu gs izdV
dj.kkjs ;k=sd:u iq<s tkÅ ‘kdrkr o rs ek= rsFksp rkVdGrkr gk vuqHko vkgs-
NMhnkj panzdwickckyk vfHkoknu djhr NMh rsFks jksorkr- m|k iq<s igkM p<.ks vkgs ;kph
dYiuk nsrkr- panzdwi ,d ljksoj vkgs- i.k rsFks ik.;k,sothfp[ky vlrks- fujarj R;krwu cqMcqMs
;sr vlrkr- vkxhus fp[ky [kn[knr vlrks o rs oj mMr vlrs- ;k izfØ;srwup ygku eksBÓkk
VsdMÓkk lHkksorh fuekZ.k >kY;k vkgsr- vkt lgL=ko/kh o”kkZP;k izkphu dkykiklwu panzdwi
Hkxokukph gh yhyk vO;kgr pkyysyh vkgs- rsFks xsY;koj ;k=sd:auh lkscr vk.kysY;k ukjG]
xkatk] fpyhe ;k lkexzhus panzdwiLokehaph iwtk dsyh tkrs- ;k loZ lwpuk NMh/kkjh nsr vlrkr-
;k=sd:auk NMh/kkjh fu{kwu lkaxrkr dh] ^L=h gR;k vkf.k Hkzw.k gR;k ?kMysY;kauh panzdwi
ckckaP;kleksj vkiys xko] xks=] uko] firk] fireg] izfirkeg ;kapk eksBÓkkus mPpkj djhr R;kpk
Lohdkj djkok- gs xqIr BsoY;kl iq<s tkrk ;s.kkj ukgh o rsFks mB.kkjs cqMcqMs i.k rRdkG
FkaMkorhy- ts ;k ikikph dcqyh nsrkr R;kaps JhQy ckck Rojhr Lohdkj djrkr- i.k >kdwu
Bso.kkÚ;kph iwtk Lohdr u gksrk rsFksp iMwu jkghy vkf.k ioZrkrhy <sdwG ek:u R;kauk iGfoys
tkbZy-
;k=sd:auk jk=hrwu tkxj.k dj.;kph lwpuk fnyh tkrs- jk=h panzdwickckaP;k djrk jksVh
cufoyh tkrs- ldkGh rksp izlkn ?ksÅu tk.ks vlrs- R;kpkp uSos| rsFks vlrks- iwtsuarj nku/keZi.k
djkok ykxrks- f=okj ckckapk t;?kks”k djfoyk tkrks- xkatkpk uSos| nk[kowu uarj loZ ik.kh
vk.k.;kl tkrkr- vU; loZ yksd jk=hP;k va/kkjkr pkpiMr jksV cufo.;kdfjrk lji.k xksGk
djrkr-
NMhnkj ,d uohu dkiM ?ksÅu R;kph pkjh Vksds ;k=sd:auk /kj.;kl lkaxkrkr- ;kr izR;sdh
iko iko ‘ksj ihB] rwi vkf.k xwG vFkok lk[kj ?kky.;kl ;k=sd:auk lwpuk nsrkr- gh pkn
tfeuhl Li’kZ u djrk v/kkarjh /kjkoh ykxrs- toG toG 12 ‘ksj fiBkpk gk jksV cuY;koj
jk=Hkj ykdMk[kkyh rs >kdwu Bsorkr- jk=hrwu rs iw.kZ Hkktys tkrs-
izkr%dkGh rsFkwu iz;k.k dsY;koj lqekjs nhM&nksu rklkuarj panzÑikP;k ojhy HkkxkdMs
;k=sd: tkrkr- rsFks n’; vkÜp;Zdkjd okVrs- nhM nksu’k xt Eg.kts lqekjs lgk’ks QqVkaP;k pkSjl
Hkkxkr fp[ky [kn[knr vlysyk fnlrks- R;kyk vfXudqaM Eg.k.ks vukBk;h gks.kkj ukgh- vkrwu
rkiwuoj Tokykeq[khph okQ fu?kr vlY;kps vk<Grs- panzdwiktoG ;srkp iaMÓkk NMh dk<rks o
jksVhps rqdMs vkrk Vkdrks- R;kuarj JhQy vkf.k xkatk;qä fpyhei.k Vkdrks- gs loZ rsFks yqIr
gksrkp rks uSos| xzg.k dsyk xsyk vls letrkr- rsFks izR;sdkus vkiys iki mPp Lojkus dcwy djkos
ykxrs- vlk gk iwtspk izdkj laiY;koj fgaxqyknsohP;k n’kZukph okV eksdGh gksrs- loZ g”kkZus
nsohP;k n’kZukl iq<s fu?krkr-
panzÑikiklwu fu?kwu lqekjs ikp fnol ekxZ vkØehr ;k=k ,dk NksVÓkk xkoktoG tkrs-
rsFkhy ?kjs ykdMkph vkgsr- ekrsP;k xqaQsi;Zar tk.;kl gk ‘ksoVpk VIik vkgs- ;kph tk.kho
67
;k=sd:auk NMhnkj nsrks- rsFkwu nqlÚ;k fno’kh lq;ksZn;kiwohZ 4&5 rkl v?kksj unhpk Hkkx ykxrks
vkf.k izkr%dkGh nsohps n’kZu ?kMrs- iwtsps lkfgR;] mncÙkh] fHktoysY;k okrh] lsanwj] feJh] yky
dkiM vkf.k ik.kh fi.;kps HkkaMs vls lkfgR; fodr ?ksÅu lkscr ?;kos ykxrs- izR;sdklkscr,d
e.;kph ekyk i.k vlrs- gh ekyk djkphe/;s feGrs- ;k ekysyk ^fgaxyktdk Bksaxjk* vls
Eg.krkr-
pkj ikp rkl jsrkM Hkkx laiowu xsY;koj v?kksjunhP;k okyqdke; Hkkx ykxrks- NMhnkj rsFks
NMh jksowu iq<s vaxqyhn’kZu djhr fuosnu djrks dh] unhP;k R;k iSyrhjkoj R;k VsdMhoj nsohph
xqaQk vkgs- ;k unhr ik.kh tsersep vkgs- loZ ;k=sd#auk rsFks va?kksG djkoh ykxrs- loZ
vksyR;kusp nsohP;k n’kZukl tkrkr- unhP;k LFkkuhi.k NMhnkj xkatkpk uSos| nk[kforks-
vksysR;kus diMs fiGrp Hkä nsohP;k lUeq[k ;srkr- rks egky ok rh xqaQk ekuokus
cuoyh ulwu ;{kkauh cuoyh vkgs] vls rks iaMÓkk lkaxrks- rsFkhy f’kYi vekuoh; okVkos] vls
vkgs- rh ,d jgL;e; uxjh vlwu ioZr forGowu rks egky cuoysyk vkgs- v’kh J)k vkgs-
fofo/k ekxZ MkO;k o mtO;k cktwus feGkysys vkgsr- gok vkf.k izdk’k vHkkokusp ukanr vlrkr-
rsFks fofo/k jaxkps nxM yVdr vkgsr] vls fnlrkr- forGysY;k nxMkphp pkSfnokjh o Nr vkgs
vkf.k [kkyh forGysY;k jaxhr nxMkph fcNk;r eksgd Hkklrs-
,dk fBdk.kh oG.kkoj gh nxMh fcNk;r lairs- rsFkwu tfeuhpk Hkkx ;srks- R;koj fgjosxkj
xor vkgs- toGp >qG>qG okg.kkjk >jk eukgj Hkklrks- R;k >Ú;kP;k ifydMs nsohph xqaQk vkgs-
xqaQsps rksaM lqekjs 50&60 QwV map vls vkgs- rsFks loZ fgaxqyknsohpk t;t;dkjdjhr izos’k
djrkr- R;k ifjljkr vla[; yky dUgsjs Qqyysys vlwu R;kapk ean okl njoGr vlrks-
R;k fBdk.kh NMhnkj ;k=sd:auk ekfgrh nsrks dh] Jh f’ko’kadjkpk vieku dsY;koj
n{kdU;k Hkxorh lrhus fiR;kP;k ;KdqaMkr vkRekgqrh fnyh rs gsp LFkku vkgs- f’kox.k ohjHknzkus
lrhP;k ernsgkl dqaMkckgsj dk<ys rsOgk ‘kadj R;k ‘kokl [kka|koj ?ksÅu bdMs frdMs /kkÅ ykxys-
rs fQjr rsFks vkY;koj fo”.kwP;k pØkus ‘kokps Nsnu >kys o lrhps czãja/k ;sFks iMys- ;keqGs ;k
LFkkukl izeq[k ‘kähihBkps ekgkRE; vkys- ;k izek.ksp cuysY;k 51 ‘kähihBkr gs LFkku egÙokps
vkgs-
NMhnkj LFkkuegkRE; dFku djrkr dh] jko.kkpk o/k dsY;koj jkekl czãgR;sps ikrd
ykxys- ;krwu eqä gks.;kdfjrk Hkxoku jke ;sFks vkys gksrs- toGP;k taxykr dkgh iDdh ?kjs
;k=sd:aP;k fuoklkdfjrk vkgsr- Luku d:u vksysR;kus vFkok usgehps diMs ?kkywu nsohph iwtk
djkoh ykxrs- xqgsps }kj iz’kLr vkgs- vkrhy xkHkkÚ;kr ,dk vksVÓkkoj yky dkiM vaFkjysys
vlrs- rsFks iwtsps lkfgR; ,d= dsys tkrs- R;k vksVÓkkP;k nksUgh Hkkxkl nksu nkjs vkgsr- gh NksVh
nkjs vkgsr- ;k fBdk.kh xqM?ks Vsdor jkaxr vkr f’kjkos ykxrs o n’kZu ?ksÅu nqlÚ;k nkjkus rlsp
ckgsj iMkos ykxrs- ;k nsohps vls n’kZu ?ksÅu ;k=sd: ÑrÑR; gksrks- vk|k’käh T;ksfreZ;h]
txTtuuh izR;{k HksVY;kpk vkuan Hkäkauk gksrks-
xqgsarwu ckgsj ;srkp rsFks v?kksjhckck HksVrkr- leksjhy fo’kky f’kGk[kaMkP;k ekF;koj
igkMkP;k vkdkjkdMs n`”Vh xsyh dh] lw;Z&panz vkdkjkps eksgd Hkklrkr- Hkxoku jkepanzkauh vkiyh
riÜp;kZ laiY;koj vkiyh rsFkhy mifLFkrh izekf.kr dj.;kdfjrk vkiY;k gkrkus lw;Zpanz rsFks
vafdr dsys vkgsr- v’kh /kkj.kk vkgs- gh dykÑrh ekuofufeZr gksÅ ‘kd.kkj ukgh- v’khp vkgs-
ioZr&f’k[kjko ek.klkyk v’kh dykÑrh fuekZ.k djrk ;s.kkj ukgh-
;k fBdk.kh ;k=sd:auk daqdqaefryd ykoyk tkrks- JhQy] feJh ;kapk uSos| nk[kowu iq<s
vkdk’kxaxk igko;kl feGrs- ;sFkhy yksdkaph /kkj.kk vkgs dh] vklkeph dkekjO;k] rkfeGukMwph
68
dU;kdqekjh] dkapph dkek{kh] xqtjkrph vacknsoh] iz;kxph yfyrk] foa/;kpyhph v”VHkqtk] dkaxMk
;sFkhy Tokykeq[kh] okjk.k’khph fo’kkyk{kh] x;sph eaxyk] caxkyph lqanjh] usikGph xqãsÜojh vkf.k
ekyokdkph dkfydk ;k ckjk :ike/;s fnl.kkjh vk|k’käh fgaxqyknsoh o frps gs LFkku izeq[k vkgs-
;kizek.ks fgaxqyknsoh vkf.k frps LFkku vkt ikfdLrku Hkkxkr vlys rjh nsohHkäkauk vkf.k
‘kähiwtdkauk gh ekfgrh egÙokph okVsy- vktgh vusd nsohHkä R;k LFkkuh n’kZukl tkr vkg sr-
,d nsohHkä Jh- ukjk;.k izlkn lkgw] ;kauh ;k nsohps n’kZu ?ksÅu Ñik laiknu dsyh- R;kauh
nsohP;kcíy loZp ekfgrh vkotqZu dY;k.kP;k okpdkauk lknj dsysyh gksrh- R;kaP;k fuosnukpk
[kwip mi;ksx vkt nsohHkäkauk vkf.k ftKklwauk gksr vkgs- fgaxqyknsohP;k vla[; Hkäkauk nsohP;k
ewyLFkkukpk ifjp; ;FkkFkZrsus vkt gksr vkgs- ,dsdkGh rks Hkkx vkiY;k Hkw[kaMkpkp egÙokpk Hkkx
gksrk- lkaLÑfrd thoukP;k n”Vhus rks Hkkx vktgh vkiykp ekukok ykxsy- vLrw !
¼lksykiwj] r#.k Hkkjr½
13 vkWDVkscj 1991
69
nsohlaca/kh egÙokps ys[k
JhpØkdkj eafnj vkf.k Jh;a= MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs iq#”kkFkZ nhik- 86
nsoh ‘kkdaHkjh MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs izsj.kk vkWDVkscj 1979
{ks= eSykj MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs izsj.kk Qsczqokjh 1980
‘kkjnkihB MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs Hkkypanz tkus- 81
panzykack MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs Hkkypanz nhikoyh 1980
vkSjaxtsckl ureLrd
dj.kkjh nsoh MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs vuaca/k es 1980
Jaxsjh ‘kkjnkihB MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs vuqca/k ekpZ 81
y{ehpk okl MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs dsljh ikMok vad nhik 85
Hkkerh MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs foÜo lekpkj 1986
{ks= cklj MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs lksykiwj lekpkj 14-09-80
panzyk ijesÜojh MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs lapkj 07-04-91
?kÙkjxk HkkX;y{eh MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs LojkT; 16-11-63
lIr’krhps foKkiu MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs r#.k Hkkjr 23-09-90
Hkxorh fgaxqyknsoh MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs r#.k Hkkjr 14-10-91
JhpØkdkj eanhj MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs dY;k.k ‘käh 1985
Jhfo|k mikluk ijaijk MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs larÑik Qsczq- 93
‘kfä miklusph ladYiuk MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs izlkn lIVsacj 93
dukZVdkrhy ‘kfäihB MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs r#.k Hkkjr 16-10-93
;R;’krhrhy verÙo MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs r#.k Hkkjr 23-10-93
uojk=krhy ‘kfäiwtsps egÙo MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs lapkj 17-10-93
vkfn’käh MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs lapkj nqljk vad 93
nsoh ikVu MkW- Hkhek’kadj ns’kikaMs r#.k Hkkjr uojk= 92