DUSOBANUKIRWE IBIKUBIYE MU ITEGEKO

N°54/2011 RYO KUWA 14/12/2011 RYEREKEYE

UBURENGANZIRA BW’UMWANA N’UBURYO BWO

KUMURINDA NO KUMURENGERA

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Ishakiro

IJAMBO RY’IBANZE......................................................................................... 4

IBISOBANURO BY’AMAGAMBO. ..................................................................... 5

IRIBURIRO...................................................................................................... 7

IGICE CYA 1: UBURENGANZIRA BW’UMWANA N’INSHINGANO BY’UMWNA ... 9

1.1. Amahame rusange y’uburenganzira bw’umwana .................................. 9

1.2. Uburenganzira mbonezamubano bw’umwana .................................... 11

1.3. Uburenganzira bw’umwana mu byerekeye umuryango ....................... 12

1.4. Ubwisanzure bw’umwana:.................................................................. 13

1.3. Inshingano z’umwana. ........................................................................ 14

IGICE CYA 2: KURINDA NO KURENGERA UMWANA. ....................................... 15

2.1. Inshingano z’umuryango..................................................................... 15

2.2. Inshingano za Leta .............................................................................. 17

2.3. Umwana wabuze umuryango we ........................................................ 18

2.4. Ubuzima no kubaho neza by’umwana (ingingo ya 41-46) ..................... 18

2.5. Uburezi bw’umwana (ingingo ya 47-48) .............................................. 19

2.6. Kurengera abana bakeneye kugobokwa byihutirwa ............................. 19

2.7. Abana bakurikiranywe n’inzego z’ubutabera ....................................... 22

2.8. Guhana abakoze ibinyuranye n’itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira

bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera ............................ 24

Umusozo ..................................................................................................... 35

INYANDIKO ZIFASHISHIJWE .......................................................................... 36

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IJAMBO RY’IBANZE

Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu

2015 riteganya ko mu ngingo yaryo 19 ko umwana wese afite uburenganzira

bwo kurengerwa ku buryo bwihariye n’umuryango we, abandi Banyarwanda

na Leta, bitewe n'ikigero n'imibereho arimo nk’ uko biteganywa

n’amategeko y’u Rwanda ndetse n’Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga u Rwanda

rwashyizemo umukono.

Nyuma ya Genocide yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Leta y’u Rwanda yakomeje

gushyiraho ingamba, politiki n’amategeko bigamije kurinda no kurengera

umwana. Ni mu urwo rwego hashyizweho Itegeko N°54/2011 ryo kuwa

14/12/2011 ryerekeye Uburenganzira bw’Umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no

kumurengera ryasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Republika y’u Rwanda No. 26

yo kuwa 25/06/2011.

Hagamijwe gushyira mu bikorwa imwe mu nshingano zawo yo gufasha

abanyarwanda kumenya amategeko arebana n’uburenganzira

bw’ikiremwamuntu muri rusange n’uburenganzira bw’umugore n’umwana

by’umwihariko, Umuryango HAGURUKA wateguye aka gatabo kugira ngo

gafashe buri munyarwanda wese ugasoma kumenya no gusobanukirwa

bitamugoye ibikubiye mu Itegeko N°54/2011 ryo kuwa 14/12/2011 ryerekeye

Uburenganzira bw’Umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera.

Aka gatabo gakoze mu buryo bworohereza ugasoma wese kumenya iby’ingenzi

bikubiye uri iryo tegeko kabone n’ubwo yaba adasanzwe afite ubumenyi ku

mategeko ndetse hanakubiyemo amashusho yunganira akanafasha abasomyi

gusobanukirwa neza ibikubiye muri iryo tegeko.

Turashimira cyane umufatanyabikorwa w’ingenzi GIZ hamwe n’abandi

bafatanyabikorwa bose bagize uruhare mu gutegura no gutangaza aka gatabo.

Turizera ko ibigakubiyemo bizafasha abanyarwanda kurushaho kubungabunga

uburenganzira bw’umwana no kumurengera.

Me. MUNYANKINDI Monique

Perezida w’Inama y’Ubutegetsi y’Umuryango Haguruka.

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IBISOBANURO BY’AMAGAMBO.

Muri iri tegeko N°54/2011 ryo kuwa 14/12/2011 ryerekeye Uburenganzira

bw’Umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera, amagambo akurikira

afite ibisobanuro bikurikira:

Amagambo Ibisobanuro

Gushyira

umwana ahandi

arererwa

icyemezo gifatwa n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha rugamije

guha umwana uburyo bwo kumwitaho, kumurinda no kumufata neza ku mubiri no mu mitekerereze mu muryango

umwakiriye, umuryango adakomokamo wemeye kumubera umubyeyi cyangwa mu kigo cy’imibereho myiza cyaba icya

Leta cyangwa cyigenga gikwiriye

Ihohoterwa

no gufatwa nabi bikorewe

mu rugo

ibihano byo ku mubiri bikabije, by’ubunyamaswa cyangwa

bitesha agaciro, ibikorwa by’ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina, iyicarubozo, guhutazwa ku mubiri cyangwa mu

mitekerereze, kutitabwaho, gushakira inyungu ku mwana cyangwa kumutererana bikozwe umubyeyi cyangwa ababyeyi,

uwishingiye umwana cyangwa undi muntu uwo ari we wese umufiteho ububasha ahabwa n’amategeko

Ikigo cyita ku mibereho

myiza cya Let

Ikigo cya Leta cyakira abana kikabarinda, kikabarengera mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko;

Ikigo cyita ku mibereho

myiza cyigenga

Ikigo cyangwa ishyirahamwe bigengwa n’itegeko rigenga imiryango itari iya Leta byakira, bikarinda abana mu buryo

buteganywa n’amategeko; imirimo mibi ku bana: imirimo mibi ku bana irimo: kubashyira mu bucakara ubwo ari bwo

bwose n’ibisa nabwo; kugurisha no gucuruza abana; kubakoresha nk’abaja mu kwishyura amadeni; kubakoresha

basimbura abakuru mu mirimo itegetswe; kubashyira mu kazi kugira ngo bakoreshwe mu makimbirane n’intambara; gukoresha, guha akazi no gutanga umwana ngo akoreshwe

ku mpamvu z’uburaya, mu gukora ibikoresho bijyanye n’uburaya cyangwa gukora ibikorwa ibyo ari byo byose

n’imikino y’ibiterasoni bishingiye ku gitsina; gukoresha,guha akazi no gutanga umwana ngo akoreshwe mu bikorwa

bitemewe n’amategeko nko gukora no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge; imirimo ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi

nko kwanduza ubuzima bw’umwana, guhungabanya umutekano cyangwa imitekerereze bye;

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Imyaka fatizo y’amavuko

Imyaka y'amavuko umwana utarayigezaho atemererwa, mu rwego rw’amategeko cyangwa mu bikorwa, kugira igikorwa

runaka akora cyagenwe n’itegeko, cyangwa se imyaka y’amavuko ituma umwana uyigejejeho atakaza bumwe mu

buryo bwo kumurinda.

Ivangura Itandukanya iryo ari ryo ryose, ihezwa iryo ari ryo ryose,

ikumira iryo ari ryo ryose cyangwa ihitamo iryo ari ryo ryose, rishingiye ku bwoko, ku ibara ry’umubiri, ku

gitsina, ku rurimi, ku idini, ku bitekerezo bya politiki cyangwa ibindi bitekerezo by’umwana, iby’ababyeyi cyangwa iby’abamuhagarariye mu rwego rw’amategeko, ku

gihugu, ku muryango w’inkomoko, ku mutungo, ku ivuka, cyangwa ku yindi mpamvu iyo ari yo yose, rigira ingaruka

cyangwa rigamije kubangamira, kubuza umwana kwemererwa kugira cyangwa gukoresha uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure

bwe bwose mu buryo bureshya

Kugorora

umwana washyizwe

mu kigo cyihariye

Ingamba zifatwa mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi, urwo gufasha abana

bahuye n’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe, izo mu rwego mbonezamubano n’iz’ubucamanza hagamijwe gutuma

umwana wahuye n’ubumuga bukabije bwo ku mubiri, ubwo mu mutwe cyangwa se ukabije kugira ingeso mbi

nko gusabiriza, kuba inzererezi, ugaragaza bikabije ko ashaka guta ishuri cyangwa wananiranye ku buryo ubwo

aribwo bwose, asubira mu buzima busanzwe

Kurengera

umwana

Ingamba zose zifashwe mu rwego rw’amategeko,

urw’ubuyobozi cyangwa se urw’ubucamanza hagamijwe inyungu z’umwana

Umwana Umuntu ese utarageza ku myaka cumi n’umunani (18) y’amavuko.

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IRIBURIRO

Umuryango ni wo shingiro ry'imbaga y'Abanyarwanda kandi abawugize

bagomba kurindwa ndetse no kwitabwaho nkuko biteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga

rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015 mu ngingo

yaryo ya 18.

Mu rwego rwo kurengera umuryango hashyizweho Politiki n’Amategeko

bigamije guteza imbere umuryango no kurengera uburenganzira bw'umwana.

Aha twavuga nka Politiki y'igihugu y'umuryango, Politiki y'igihugu yo

kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, Politiki ikomatanya Uburenganzira

bwose bw'Umwana, gahunda ya Tubarerere mu Muryango tutibagiwe n’

Itegeko N°54/2011 ryo kuwa 14/12/2011 ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana

n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera.

Izi Politiki ndetse n’amategeko bishimangira ko abagize umuryango bagomba

kubana neza, birinda ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose kandi baha agaciro

uburenganzira bwa buri wese mu bagize umuryango.

By'umwihariko umwana afite uburenganzira ku bwenegihugu n' ibimuranga

cyane cyane kumwandikisha akivuka mu bitabo by'irangamimerere,

uburenganzira ku muryango n'ubundi buryo bwo kwitabwaho, ku buzima

n'imibereho myiza, ku burezi, kurindwa no kurengerwa, ubutabera no kugira

uruhare mu bimukorerwa, nk'uko bigaragara mu nkingi 7 zigize Politiki

ikomatanya uburenganzira bw'umwana.

Cyakora n'ubwo hashyizweho amategeko, politiki, ingamba ndetse na gahunda

zijyanye no kurengera umuryango n'umwana by'umwihariko, haracyari ibibazo

bibangamira iyubahirizwa ry'uburenganzira bw'umwana bijyanye n'ihohoterwa,

gutereranwa, gukoreshwa imirimo mibi, gushakirwaho amaronko n'ibindi.

Mu rwego rwo gukomeza guteza imbeze no kumenyekanisha uburenganzira

bw’umwana, umuryango HAGURUKA wateguye aka gatabo gakubiyemo

iby’ingenzi biri mu Itegeko N°54/2011 ryo kuwa 14/12/2011 ryerekeye

uburenganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera kugira iri

tegeko rirusheho kumenyekana bityo uburenganzira bw’umwana bukomeze

bwubahirizwe.

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Aka gatabo kateguwe mu bice bibiri by’ingenzi:

Igice cya mbere, aka gatabo kavuga ku burenganzira n’inshingano

z‘umwana

Mu gice cya kabiri, aka gatabo karavuga ku birebana no kurengera no

kurinda umwana.

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IGICE CYA 1: UBURENGANZIRA BW’UMWANA N’INSHINGANO

BY’UMWNA

1.1. Amahame rusange y’uburenganzira bw’umwana

Itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no

kumurengera ryateganyije amahame rusange agenga uburenganzira bw’umwana

nk’uko bisobanurwa muri iyi mbonerahamwe (ingingo ya 4-11):

Amahame rusange agenga

uburenganzira bw’umwana

Igisobanuro / Urugero

Abana bose bavuka bangana kandi bafite uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure

bugenwa n’itegeko, bakagira kandi uburyo barindwa kandi barengerwa

bujyanye n’uko ari abana, nta tandukanyirizo iryo ari ryo ryose.

Urugero: Umwana w’umuhungu n’umwana w’umukobwa bagira

uburenganzira bungana kandi itegeko ribarengera kimwe.

Gufatira ibyemezo n’ingamba abana bafite ibibazo byihariye hagamijwe koroshya cyangwa kuvanaho impamvu

zitera cyangwa zigira uruhare mu gukomeza kubaho kw’ivangura

ntibifatwa nk’ivangura.

Urugero: Abana bafite ubumuga bashobora guhabwa uburenganzira bwihariye mu mashuri kugira ngo

bashobore kugendana n’abandi bana badafite ubumuga. Ibyo ntibyitwa

ivangura.

Gutandukanya abana hashingiwe ku

buryo bavutse ku babyeyi babo birabujijwe. Nta nyandiko n’imwe

yerekeye uburyo umwana yavutse ku babyeyi be ishyirwa mu gitabo

cy’irangamimerere

Urugero: Inyito nka “uwemewe

n’amategeko”, “utemewe n’amategeko”, “uvuka ku babyeyi

batashyingiranywe” n’indi nyito iyo ariyo yose igamije itandukanya

ry’abana rishingiye ku buryo bavutse zirabujijwe.

Inyungu y’umwana yitabwabaho igihe cyose hafatwa ibyemezo ku bibazo

birebana umwana yaba aba ari mu nzego z’ubucamanza, inzego

z’ubutegetsi, imiryango itari iya Leta, ibigo by’amashuri, inama

z’umuryango, n’ahandi

Urugero: Igihe umucamanza asuzuma ugomba gutwara abana hagati

y’abashyingiranwe bari mu rubanza rw’ubutane agomba gushingira ku

nyungu z’umwana. Inyungu z’umwana zikwiye kumvikana nk’ikintu cyose

cyamugirira akamaro mu mibereho ye.

Mu gihe hasuzumwa ikibazo

kimureba, umwana agomba guhabwa

Urugero: Mbere yo kugena umwe mu

bashyingiranywe utwarana abana mu

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umwanya wo gutanga igitekerezo cy’uko yumva ibintu byagenda.

Igitekerezo cy’umwana cyitabwaho hakurikijwe imyaka ye y’amavuko

n’ubukure bwe ugereranije n’ikibazo abazwaho

rubanza rw’ubutane, iyo bishoboka, umucamanza ashobora kubaza abana

bakuru icyo babitekerezaho.

Umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kubaho kandi ntashobora kubuvutswa.

Gukuramo inda byemerwa keretse gusa mu gihe biteganywa n’amategeko

ku mpamvu zumvikana.

Umwana wagize impanuka agenerwa

indishyi cyangwa zikagenerwa umuryango we mu gihe umwana

yapfuye.

Hashobora gutangwa indishyi

z’akababaro; indishyi z’imbonezamusaruro cyangwa indishyi

z’ububabare n’ubusembwa by’umubiri.

Umwana wese afite uburenganzira bwo Kurengerwa ku buryo bwihariye n’umuryango we, umuryango

nyarwanda na Leta kugira ngo akure neza ku mubiri, mu mitekerereze,

mu kwemera, mu bwenge, mu bitekerezo no mu mibanire ye

n’abandi ku buryo buhuje n’agaciro ka muntu.

Urugero: Leta ishyiraho ingamba kandi ikagoboka abana bafite ibibazo by’imirire mibi.

Umwana arindwa n’itegeko kuva agisamwa kandi afatwa nk’uwavutse

igihe cyose biri mu nyungu ze.

Urugero: Umwana wasamwe ukiri mu nda agira uburenganzira mu izungura

(agenerwa uruhare rwe) mu gihe cyose abavandimwe be baba bagiye

kugabana imitungo y’umubyeyi wabo bazungura.

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1.2. Uburenganzira mbonezamubano bw’umwana

Itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no

kumurengera rivuga ko umwana afite uburenganzira mbonezamubano

bukurikira:

Umwana wese afite uburenganzira bwo kwandikishwa mu gitabo

cy’irangamimerere n’ababyeyi be cyangwa undi wese ubyemererwa

n’itegeko kandi akabiherwa icyemezo (ingingo ya 16).

Umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kugira ibimuranga, iby’ibanze muri

byo bikaba ari izina, ubwenegihugu n’isano ry’umuryango. Umwana

udafite ibimuranga bizwi, Leta ifite inshingano zo kumufasha kubigira

(ingingo ya 12)

Umwana wese afite uburenganzira bwo kugira umuryango avukamo,

abamo, akuriramo kandi abyirukiramo, umurinda ku buryo bwose,

ukamugaragariza urukundo kugira ngo yisanzure (ingingo ya 24).

Umwana afite uburenganzira ku bwenegihugu bw’u Rwanda hakurikijwe

ibyo amategeko yerekeye ubwenegihugu ateganya (ingingo ya 14)

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1.3. Uburenganzira bw’umwana mu byerekeye umuryango

Mu byerekeye umuryango umwana afite uburenganzira bukurikira:

Umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kumenya ababyeyi be, kubana nabo no

kurengerwa nabo mu gihe bariho. Mu gihe umwana adashobora kubana

na Se cyangwa Nyina cyangwa n’ababyeyi be bombi kubera impanvu

zinyuranye nk’ubutane bw’ababyeyi cyangwa ikindi, afite uburenganzira

bwo gufatwa neza nabo no kubasura igihe cyose abishakiye. Umwana

utarageza ku myaka itandatu (6) y’amavuko, agomba kubana na nyina

keretse iyo bishobora kubangamira inyungu z’umwana (ingingo ya 15).

Aha inyungu z’umwana ntizikwiye kumvikana nk’amafaranga gusa

cyangwa umutungo, ahubwo hagomba no kurebwa niba aho agiye kuba

azahabonera amahoro, umutuzo, uburere bwiza n’ibindi.

Umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kudatandukanywa n’umuryango we nta

mpamvu (ingigngo ya 27)

Umwana afite uburenganzira bwo gukurikiranira hafi igikorwa cyose

kigamije kumutandukanya n’umuryango we kandi akagitangaho

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igitekerezo. Kumva ibitekerezo by’umwana bishobora gukorwa ku buryo butaziguye cyangwa buziguye yunganirwa n’umuhanga mu

by’inyurabwenge cyangwa ushinzwe ubuzima bw’imitekerereze cyangwa se undi muntu mukuru umwana yihitiyemo (ingingo ya 31).

Umwana ukorerwa ihohoterwa n’ibindi bikorwa bibi n’umwana urerwa

n’umuntu ufite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe afite uburenganzira bwo

kubimenyesha urwego rufite ububasha bwo gushyira abana ahandi

barererwa.

Uretse iyo binyuranyije n’inyungu ze, umwana washyizwe ahandi arererwa afite uburenganzira bwo gushyikirana no kubonana ku buryo

butaziguye n’ababyeyi be, kubonana n’abo bafitanye isano, abishingizi be cyangwa undi muntu wese mu gihe bikenewe. Ababyeyi b’umwana

washyizwe ahandi arererwa bagomba gukomeza kumuha ibya ngombwa akenera kugira ngo agire imibereho myiza (ingingo ya 36).

1.4. Ubwisanzure bw’umwana:

Itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no

kumurengera ryemerera umwana kugira ubwisanzure muri ibi bikurikira:

Bitewe n’ikigero agezemo, umwana afite uburenganzira ku bwisanzure

bwo gutekereza, ubwo kugaragaza ibitekerezo bye, ubwo kugira

umutimanama no guhitamo idini abigiriwemo inama kandi abiyobowemo

nta gahato n’ababyeyi be cyangwa umwishingizi we (ingingo ya 17).

Umwana afite uburenganzira ku bwisanzure bwo kwishyira hamwe

n’abandi no guteranira mu nama, hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga

(ingingo ya 18).

Umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kutavogerwa mu mibereho ye bwite

hakurikijwe icyiciro agezemo. Birabujijwe kubangamira umwana mu

buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, mu mibereho bwite ye, bigamije

kumwambura icyubahiro no kumutesha agaciro (ingingo ya 19).

Umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kubona amakuru akwiye, ubwo

kuruhuka n’ubwo kwidagadura (ingigo ya 20). Umwana agomba kubona

amakuru, itumanaho, ibitabo bijyanye n’ikigero cye. Agomba kandi

guhabwa ibyangombwa bijyanye n’imikino n’imyidagaduro ndeste

akanahabwa ikiruhuko byose bigamije imibereho myiza ye n’umuco.

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1.3. Inshingano z’umwana.

Umwana afite uburenganzira yemererwa n’itegeko ariko afite n’inshingano

agomba kubahiriza. Izo nshingano ni izi zikurikira:

Hashingiwe ku bwenge afite, umwana agomba kubaha umuntu wese,

cyane cyane ababyeyi be, umwishingizi we cyangwa umurera. Agomba

kandi gufasha ababyeyi be cyangwa undi wamwishingiye mu buryo

bujyanye n’ubushobozi bwe (ingingo ya 21).

Umwana agomba gukunda igihugu cye. Mu myigire ye yo mu mashuri

hagomba hashyirwamo gahunda y’amasomo y’uburere mboneragihugu

kugira ngo ashobore kumva ishingiro ryo gukunda igihugu cye (ingingo

ya 22).

Umwana afite inshingano yo kwiga amashuri y’ibanze ababyeyi be na

Leta bamugenera.

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IGICE CYA 2: KURINDA NO KURENGERA UMWANA.

Itegeko ryerekeye uburenganganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo byo kumurinda no

ku murengera riteganya ko umwana arindwa kandi akarengerwa n’umuryango

we ndetse na Leta.

2.1. Inshingano z’umuryango

Umuryango ufite inshingano zo kurinda no kurengera umwana mu buryo

bwose, ukamugaragariza urukundo kugira ngo yisanzure. Umwana wabuze

umuryango avukamo, afite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa n’urwego rubifitiye

ububasha uburyo busimbura umuryango we. Ubwo buryo bushobora kuba

ugushyirwa mu muryango umwakira, kugirwa uw’ababyeyi batamubyaye

cyangwa se gushyirwa mu kigo kirera abana kibifitiye ubushobozi. Mu gihe

uwo mwana atarabonerwa umuryango, urwego rubifitiye ububasha rumugenera

uburyo bwo kubaho.

Ababyeyi, abiyemeje kuba ababyeyi b’umwana cyangwa undi muntu wese

ushinzwe umwana mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko afite inshingano

zikurikira:

Kuyobora umwana,

Kumuha uburere bwo kubaha

Kumutoza gukunda igihugu kugira ngo ubuzima, ubwenge n’ubushobozi

bye bitere imbere hakurikijwe umuco w’Igihugu.

Guha umwana igitsure cya kibyeyi mu buryo butamuhahamura kandi

bwubahiriza agaciro n’icyubahiro umwana agomba guhabwa.

Ababyeyi, umwishingizi cyangwa undi muntu wese umufiteho ububasha

ahabwa n’amategeko bashobora kwamburwa umwana barera agashyirwa ahandi

arererwa kubera impamvu zikurikira (ingingo ya 27):

Ihohoterwa;

Ibikorwa bibi;

Kudashobora kumurera kubera uburwayi bwo mu mutwe;

Kwamburwa ububasha bwa kibyeyi.

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Abagize umuryango n’undi muntu wese uba mu rugo cyangwa undi wese

wamenye ihohoterwa cyangwa ibikorwa bibi bikorerwa umwana, bafite

inshingano yo kubimenyesha urwego rufite ububasha bwo gushyira umwana

ahandi yarererwa cyangwa urwego rwa Polisi y’u Rwanda rubari hafi.

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2.2. Inshingano za Leta

Mu rwego rwo kurinda no kurengera umwana Leta n’inzego zayo zibifitiye ububasha zifite inshingano zikurikira:

Leta ifata ingamba zose za ngombwa kugira ngo umwana agire

uburenganzira bwuzuye ku buzima bwiza, hitawe cyane cyane ku guteza

imbere ubuvuzi bw’ibanze.

Leta ikora ibishoboka kugira ngo uburyo bwo kurinda umwana indwara

no kuzivura buboneke.

Leta ishyiraho kandi uburyo bwo gukingira abana ku rwego rw’igihugu,

kurwanya indwara ziterwa n’imirire mibi, kandi ishyiraho amabwiriza

akwiye yerekeye igenzura ry’imiterere y’ibiribwa bigenewe umwana

ndetse n’amazi meza.

Leta ishyiraho uburyo bwo kugoboka abatishoboye bafite inshingano yo

kurera umwana, kugira ngo bashobore kuzuza izo inshingano bamuha ibyo akeneye mu rwego rw’imirire, kuvurwa, uburere, imyambaro

n’icumbi.

Leta yishingira gutangira abana b’imfubyi n’abandi bana batagira kivurira amafaranga yo gushyirwa mu bwishingizi bw’indwara. Kutagira kivurira kw’abana kwemezwa n’urwego rw’ibanze (ingingo ya 41)

Leta igomba gukora iperereza ku bikorwa by’ihohotera cyangwa ibindi

bikorwa bibi byaba bikorerwa umwana bikozwe n’abamurera byaba ngombwa rukitabaza impuguke kugira ngo rushobore gufata ibyemezo

bishingiye ku bimenyetso bifatika.

Kwambura umwana by’agateganyo abamurera mu gihe bigaragara ko

bamukorera ihotetera cyangwa ibindi bikorwa bibi, agahabwa undi

muryango ufitanye nawe isano ya hafi wamurera, yaba atawufite

agahabwa undi muryango cyangwa ikigo cyita ku mibereho myiza

cyiteguye kumwakira by’agateganyo (ingigo ya 29).

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2.3. Umwana wabuze umuryango we

Umwana wabuze umuryango we ashobora gushyirwa mu wundi muryango.

Gushyira umwana wabuze umuryango we mu wundi muryango umwakira byemezwa n’urukiko rubisabwe n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha, rubyibwirije

cyangwa rubisabwe n’umuryango ushaka kwakira umwana nk’uwo. Umwana wabuze umuryango we ashobora kandi gushyirwa mu kigo cyita ku

mibereho myiza n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha. Ibi bikorwa mu bihe bikurikira:

Yabuze ababyeyi akaba atarabona undi muryango umwakira;

Yavukiye muri gereza yakuzuza imyaka itatu (3) ntabone abo bafitanye

isano bamwakira;

Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo cy’uko umwana ashyirwa ahandi arererwa

ariko akaba atarabona undi muryango umwakira;

Ari impunzi akaba atarabonana n’ababyeyi be;

Ari inzererezi ataragira imyaka cumi n’ine (14) cyangwa asabiriza mu

gihe hagishakishwa ababyeyi be;

Hari impamvu igaragaza ko umwana afite ibibazo byihariye kandi adafite

umuryango witeguye kumwakira

Kuba umwana yashyizwe mu kigo cy’imibereho myiza, ntibivanaho ko urwego

rubishinzwe rukomeza kumushakira umuryango arererwamo

2.4. Ubuzima no kubaho neza by’umwana (ingingo ya 41-46)

Mu rwego rwo kubugabunga ubuzima no kubaho neza by’umwana, Leta,

ababyeyi, imiryango n’ibigo byakiriye abana n’undi wese bireba bagomba kwita

kuri ibi bikurikira:

Umwana ufite ubumuga bwihariye bwo ku mubiri cyangwa mu mutwe

ashyirwa mu kigo cyabigenewe ngo yitabweho kandi avurwe.

Umwana washyizwe mu kigo cyihariye kugira ngo yitabweho kandi

avurwe afite uburenganzira bwo gusuzumwa buri gihe hagamijwe kureba

uko imibereho ye igenda ihinduka n’uburyo avurwamo.

Urwego rubifitiye ububasha rukora ku buryo umwana uri mu kigo

avurirwamo adatereranwa cyangwa ngo yibagirane; akurikiranwa

n’inzobere iyo bibaye ngombwa.

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Leta ifata ingamba zose za ngombwa kugira ngo umwana agire

uburenganzira bwuzuye ku buzima bwiza, hitawe cyane cyane ku guteza

imbere ubuvuzi bw’ibanze.

Leta ikora ibishoboka kugira ngo uburyo bwo kurinda umwana indwara

no kuzivura buboneke.

Umubyeyi, umwishingizi w’umwana n’undi muntu wese bagomba

kwirinda kumuha, kumugurisha, kumutuma ibinyobwa bisindisha

n’ibindi biyobyabwenge no kumukoresha ahantu hose bicururizwa.

Umuntu wese wakoresheje umunsi mukuru urimo abana agomba

kubarinda ibinyobwa bisindisha n’ibindi biyobyabwenge.

Umwana nawe abujijwe kwinjira aho ariho hose hacururizwa kandi

hanywerwa ibinyobwa bisindisha adaherekejwe. Abujijwe kandi no

kwinjira mu nzu z’urubyiniro zirimo ibinyobwa bisindisha n’ibindi

biyobyabwenge naho yaba aherekejwe.

Umwana wese uri mu Rwanda agomba kugira ubwishingizi bw’indwara

hakurikijwe itegeko ribigenga.

2.5. Uburezi bw’umwana (ingingo ya 47-48)

Mu rwego rwo kubugabunga uburezi bw’umwana, Leta, ababyeyi, imiryango

n’ibigo byakiriye abana n’undi wese bireba bagomba kwita kuri ibi bikurikira:

Kwiga amashuri abanza ni itegeko kandi ni ubuntu mu mashuri ya Leta.

Ku mashuri afashwa na Leta, uburyo bwo kwigira ubuntu mu mashuri

abanza buteganywa n’itegeko ngenga.

Ababyeyi n’abishingizi b’abana bafite inshingano zo gushyira abana mu

ishuri no kwirinda icyatuma bata ishuri.

2.6. Kurengera abana bakeneye kugobokwa byihutirwa

Itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no

kumurengera riteganya ko abana bakeneye kugobokwa byihutirwa bitabwaho

mu buryo bukurikira:

Umwana wese usaba kwemerwa nk’impunzi cyangwa uwamaze

kwemerwa nk’impunzi hakurikijwe uburyo buteganywa n’amategeko

agenga impunzi, yaba ari wenyine cyangwa aherekejwe n’ababyeyi be

cyangwa undi muntu uwo ari we wese, arengerwa kandi agahabwa

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inkunga ya ngombwa kugira ngo ashobore kubona uburenganzira

yemererwa (ingingo ya 49).

Mu gihe cy’intambara cyangwa igihe cy’ibiza umwana agomba kurindwa

no gutabarwa mbere y’abandi. Akazi ka gisilikare karabujijwe ku mwana

utarageza ku myaka cumi n’umunani y’amavuko (18).

Leta, ikurikije ubushobozi bwayo, yishingira kandi ikorohereza umwana

wese washowe mu ntambara, wazahajwe n’ikiza cyangwa n’intambara

cyangwa wagize ingaruka zibikomokaho, uburyo bwo kumwondora ku

mubiri no mu bwenge, kugira ngo ashobore gusubizwa mu buzima

busanzwe.

Uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose bwo gushakira ku mwana inyungu mu

rwego rw’ubukungu akoreshwa umurimo ushobora kumugiraho ingaruka

mbi cyangwa kubangamira imyigire ye, ubuzima bwe n’imikurire ye ku

mubiri, mu bwenge, mu byo yemera, mu mibereho ye nko kumushora mu

icuruzwa n’ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, mu kunywa, mu gucuruza

ibinyobwa bisindisha n’itabi, mu buraya, mu bikorwa byo gusabiriza,

gucuruza, gushyira mu bucakara no kumushimuta, mu bucuruzi

bwerekeye ibiterasoni, kumukoresha no kumushora mu bindi bikorwa

byamugiraho ingaruka mbi burabujijwe kandi buhanwa n’amategeko.

Nta mwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko ushobora

gukora mu birombe biri munsi y’ubutaka.

Abana bafite ubumuga bwo ku mubiri cyangwa mu mutwe barindwa na

Leta ku buryo bwihariye. Bafite uburenganzira bwose umwana ahabwa

n’amategeko nta vangura iryo ari ryo ryose, ryaba rishingiye ku miterere

yabo cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose cyayiturukaho.

Abana babana na virusi itera SIDA cyangwa barwaye SIDA barindwa

kandi bagafashwa na Leta hakurikijwe amikoro yayo.

Umwana urengeje imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12) y’amavuko, afite

uburenganzira bwo kwisuzumisha cyangwa kwivuza ku muganga

cyangwa umuforomo w’umwuga wa Leta nubwo ababyeyi be cyangwa

undi wese umurera baba batabishaka cyangwa babimubujije.

Mu gihe umugore utwite cyangwa ufite umwana utarageza ku myaka

itatu (3) y’amavuko akurikiranyweho icyaha, umucamanza akora

ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ahabwe ikindi gihano kitari igifungo.

Iyo kumuhanisha ikindi gihano kitari igifungo bidashoboka, umugore

utwite cyangwa ufite umwana utarageza ku myaka itatu (3) y’amavuko

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afungirwa mu gice cya gereza gifungirwamo abagore bafite abana

batarageza ku myaka itatu (3) y’amavuko. Hakurikijwe amikoro ifite.

Abana b’inzererezi bashyirwa mu bigo bigamije guhurizwamo

by’agateganyo abana b’inzererezi n’abasabirizi, hagamijwe kubasubiza

mu miryango yabo, kubashyira mu bigo ngorora muco cyangwa

kubashyira mu bigo by’imibereho myiza igihe bibaye ngombwa.

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2.7. Abana bakurikiranywe n’inzego z’ubutabera

Mu gihe umwana akurikiranywe n’inzego z’ubutabera, itegeko riteganya ko:

Umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuko ntashobora kuryozwa icyaha ashinjwa. Ingaruka zo mu rwego mbonezamubano zikomoka ku cyaha cyakozwe n’umwana zishingirwa n’ababyeyi be

cyangwa umwishingizi we, nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko. Ikurikiranacyaha iryo ari ryo ryose rireba umwana rigomba kwita ku

mibereho myiza ye kandi icyemezo cy’umucamanza kigomba buri gihe kuzirikana imiterere ye.

Mu gihe ari icyemezo gihana, umucamanza waregewe umwana agomba kugaragaza mu rubanza ingingo zerekeye imiterere n’imibereho

by’umwana yashingiyeho mu gutanga igihano. Kutagaragaza ingingo zerekeye imiterere y’umwana mu rubanza rutanga

igihano ni impamvu ishobora gusubirishamo urubanza.

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Uretse impamvu y’insubiracyaha, umwana ugikorerwa iperereza, ibyaha yaba akurikiranyweho ibyo ari byo byose, ntashobora gufatwa.

Umwana ashobora gufungwa by’agateganyo iyo gusa icyaha akurikiranyweho gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu

(5). Igihe cy’igifungo cy’agatenganyo cy’umwana ntikigomba kurenza iminsi

cumi n’itanu (15) kandi icyemezo cy’umucamanza kimufunga by’agateganyo ntigishobora kongerwa.

Ashingiye ku mpamvu zitangwa n’Umushinjacyaha, umucamanza asanze ari ngombwa gukomeza gufunga umwana by’agateganyo mu gihe kirenze

igiteganywa mu gika kibanziriza iki, gufungwa by’agateganyo bisimbuzwa icyemezo cyo kumugenzurira hafi, haba mu muryango we

cyangwa se aho yabaga. Umugenzacyaha afite ububasha bwo gusaba ko haba ubwumvikane

hagati y’umwana, umubyeyi cyangwa se umurera n’uwakorewe icyaha, iyo icyo cyaha gihanishwa igifungo kitarengeje imyaka itanu (5).

Mu gihe cyo guha umwana igihano, umucamanza ashyira imbere ibihano

cyangwa ibyemezo bisimbura igifungo nk’isubikagihano, gushyirwa mu kigo ngororamuco kugira ngo arengere imibereho myiza y’umwana.

Gufungura umwana by’agateganyo ni ihame, kurangiza igihano cyose yahawe bikaba ari ikintu kidasanzwe kuri iryo hame.

Mu gihe umucamanza waregewe icyaha cy’umwana asanze agomba kumuhanisha igihano kitarenze imyaka ibiri (2), ashobora gutegeka ko

uwo mwana ashyirwa mu kigo cyihariye kugira ngo agororwe. Bisabwe n’ubuyobozi bwa gereza, umucamanza ashobora gufata

icyemezo cy’uko umwana wakatiwe igihano cy’igifungo kandi akaba ataruzuza ibisabwa kugira ngo afungurwe by’agateganyo ashyirwa mu

kigo ngororamuco igihe dosiye ye igaragaza ko afite imyitwarire myiza. Imibereho bwite y’umwana ukurikiranywe mu butabera igomba

kubahwa, kurindwa no kurengerwa mu nzego zose z’imikurikiranire yose

y’icyaha. Umwana udafite umwishingizi, Leta niyo imushakira umwunganira mu

gihe aburana mu nkiko. Urubanza umwana aregwamo ruburanishwa mu muhezo n’urukiko

rubifitiye ububasha. Umwirondoro w’umwana ukurikiranyweho icyaha nta na rimwe ugomba gutangarizwa rubanda n’itangazamakuru.

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2.8. Guhana abakoze ibinyuranye n’itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira

bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera

Umuntu wese ukora ibibujijwe n’itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana

n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera, akurikiranwa kandi agahanwa

hakurikijwe amategeko ahana ibyaha mu buryo bukurikira:

Icyaha Igihano

Gusambanya umwana

Umuntu wese usambanyije umwana, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu

cy’umwihariko.

Iyo icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana cyakozwe n’umubyeyi we cyangwa ushinzwe kumurera, uhagarariye ubutegetsi, uhagarariye

idini, ushinzwe umutekano, ukora umwuga w’ubuvuzi, ukora umwuga w’uburezi,

uwitoza umwuga n’abandi bose bishingikirije umwuga bakora cyangwa ububasha bafite

ku mwana, uwagikoze ahanishw igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko n’ihazabu

y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi ijana (100.000) kugeza ku bihumbi magana

atanu (500.000).

Guha umwana inzoga

cyangwa itabi

Umuntu wese uha cyangwa ugurisha umwana

inzoga cyangwa itabi, cyangwa umukoresha mu icuruzwa ryabyo, ahanishwa igifungo

kuva ku mezi atatu (3) ariko kitageze ku mezi atandatu (6) n’ihazabu y'amafaranga

y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000) cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo

bihano. Ni nabyo bihano bihabwa ushishikariza umwana kunywa inzoga

cyangwa itabi cyangwa kujya mu tubari.

Gusambanya umwana

bikamuviramo urupfu cyangwa indwara

idakira

Iyo gusambanya umwana byamuviriyemo

urupfu cyangwa byamuteye indwara idakira, uwakoze icyaha ahanishwa igifungo cya

burundu cy’umwihariko n’ihazabu

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y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi Magana atanu (500.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni

imwe (1.000.000).

Kubana n’umwana

nk’umugabo cyangwa umugore

Umuntu wese ubana cyangwa ugerageza

kubana n’umwana nk’umugabo cyangwa nk’umugore, ahanwa kimwe n’uwasambanyije

umwana.

Kubabaza umwana

bikabije, kumujujubya cyangwa kumuha

ibihano biremereye

Umuntu wese ubabaza umwana bikabije,

umujujubya cyangwa umuha ibihano biremereye cyangwa se bitesha agaciro,

ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi atandatu (6) kugeza ku myaka ibiri (2) n’ihazabu

y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi ijana (100.000) kugeza ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000).

Iyo kimwe mu byaha bivugwa mu gika

kibanziriza iki kiviriyemo umwana ubumuga, igihano kiba igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5)

kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi

magana atanu (500.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000). Iyo icyo cyaha

kimuviriyemo urupfu, igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu.

Kubona umugabane ku

biturutse ku buraya bw’umwana

Umuntu wese ubona umugabane ku biturutse

ku buraya bw’umwana cyangwa uhabwa kandi akemera abizi imfashanyo azi ko yavuye mu

buraya, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi atandatu (6) kugeza ku myaka ibiri (2)

n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000) cyangwa kimwe

gusa muri ibyo bihano.

Umuntu wese ukoresha cyangwa wifashisha abana ngo abakoreshe mu bitaramo

bigendereye kwamamaza uburaya cyangwa nk’imfashamatsiko ku byerekanwa ku bitsina,

ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu

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y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu

(5.000.000).

Kutamenyekanisha

ibyaha binyuranyije n’imyifatire myiza

byakorewe umwana

Umuntu wese umenya ko ibyaha bivugwa

muri uyu mutwe byakorewe umwana ntabimenyeshe inzego z’ubuyobozi cyangwa

iz’umutekano, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi atatu (3) ariko kitageze ku mezi atandatu

(6) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi ijana (100.000) kugeza ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000).

Gushora umwana mu bikorwa by’intambara

Umuntu ushora umwana mu bikorwa by’intambara, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko, ahanishwa igifungo

kitari munsi y’imyaka icumi (10) ariko kitarenze imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu

y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) ariko atarenze

miliyoni icumi (10.000.000).

Iyo gushora umwana mu bikorwa by’intambara bikozwe hagamijwe kumushakamo inyungu,

igihano kiba igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ariko kitarenze imyaka

makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni icumi (10.000.000) ariko atarenze miliyoni cumi

n’eshanu (15.000.000).

Iyo icyaha gikozwe mu rwego rw'ishyirahamwe ry'abagizi ba nabi babigize

umwuga w'ibanze cyangwa w'ingoboka, kabone n'iyo uwabikoze yaba atari mu

buyobozi bwaryo, igihano kiba igifungo kirenze imyaka makumyabiri (20) ariko

kitarenze imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n'ihazabu y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda ari hejuru

ya miliyoni cumi n’eshanu (15.000.000) ariko atarenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000).

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Iyo umwana ashowe mu ntambara ishyamiranya ibihugu, igihano kiba igifungo

cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri

(20.000.000) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000).

Gushora umwana mu Bucuruzibw’biyobyabwenge,

ubw’intwaro cyangwa ubw’ibindi bicuruzwa bitemewe n’amategeko

Umuntu wese ushora umwana mu bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge, ubw’intwaro cyangwa ubw’ibindi bicuruzwa bitemewe n’amategeko, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka ibiri (2) kugeza ku myaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu

y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni

eshanu (5.000.000).

Gushakira inyungu mu

gushora umwana mu bikorwa by’intambara

Umuntu wese ushakira inyungu mu gushora

umwana mu bikorwa by’intambara, ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5)

kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri

miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000).

Iyo ibikorwa bivugwa mu gika cya mbere

cy’iyi ngingo bikozwe mu rwego rw’ishyirahamwe ry’abagizi ba nabi babigize

umwuga w’ibanze cyangwa w’ingoboka, kabone n’iyo uwabikoze atari mu buyobozi bwaryo, igihano kiba igifungo kuva ku

myaka irindwi (7) kugeza ku myaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda

kuva kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni makumyabiri

(20.000.000).

Igihe umwana yashowe mu ntambara hagati y’andi mahanga, igihano kiba igifungo kuva ku

myaka icumi (10) kugeza ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u

Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni mirongo

itatu (30.000.000).

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Gushakira inyungu mu gushora umwana mu

bikorwa bya siporo bibangamira ubuzima bwe

Umuntu wese ushakira inyungu mu gushora umwana mubikorwa bya siporo bibangamira

ubuzima bwe, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka itatu (3) kugeza ku myaka itanu (5)

n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000).

Iyo ibikorwa bivugwa mu gika cya mbere

cy’iyi ngingo bikozwe mu rwego rw’ishyirahamwe ry’abagizi ba nabi babigize

umwuga w’ibanze cyangwa w’ingoboka, kabone n’iyo uwabikoze atari mu buyobozi

bwaryo, igihano kiba igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi

(7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000).

Kwanga gutanga umwana

Umuntu wese udatanga cyangwa udashyikiriza umwana, igihe amusabwe n’ubifitiye

uburenganzira bwemewe n’amategeko, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi abiri (2)

ariko kitageze ku mezi atandatu (6) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva

ku bihumbi magana abiri (200.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000) cyangwa

kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano.

Kwambura ku maherere

umwana ababyeyi be cyangwa abo yarindishijwe cyangwa abo asanzwe

abana nabo

Umuntu wambura ku maherere umwana

ababyeyi be cyangwa abo yarindishijwe cyangwa abo asanzwe abana na bo, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mwaka umwe (1) kugeza

ku myaka itatu (3) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi mirongo itanu

(50.000) kugeza ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000).

Iyokwambura umwana umubyeyi bikozwe

n’umwe mu bamubyaye, ubikoze ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka ibiri (2) kugeza

ku myaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi ijana(100.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000).

29

Kugira uruhare mu itangw ry’ububyeye

k’utabyaye umwana hagamijwe kumugurisha

Umuntu wese ugira uruhare mu itangwa ry'ububyeyi k’utabyaye umwana hagamijwe

kumucuruza, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka itatu (3) kugeza ku myaka itanu (5)

n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000).

Igihe ukoze icyaha kivugwa mu gika cya

mbere cy’iyi ngingo abikoreye umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14)

y’amavuko, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka icumi (10) kugeza ku myaka cumi

n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni icumi

(10.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000).

Igihe ukoze icyaha kivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo abikoreye umwana ufite

imyaka iri hagati ya cumi n’ine (14) na cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko, ahanishwa

igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga

y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000).

Iyo icyo cyaha gikorewe umwana ukuwe mu

kigo kirererwamo impfubyi, uwakoze icyaha ahanishwa igihano ntarengwa giteganyijwe

muri iyi ngingo.

Kwereka umwana amashusho yerekeranye

n’ishimishamubiri rishingiye ku gitsina cyangwa

kumwumvisha amajwi yaryo

Umuntu wese wereka umwana amashusho yerekeranye n’ishimishamubiri rishingiye ku

gitsina cyangwa umwumvisha amajwi yaryo aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko,

ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itatu (3) ariko kitarenze imyaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu

y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000) ariko atarenze miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000).

30

Kwanga kwita ku mwana cyangwa umuntu ushinzwe

udashoboye kwirwanaho

Umuntu wese ufite ububasha ahabwa n’amategeko ku mwana akanga kumuvuza,

ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi abiri (2) ariko kitageze ku mezi atandatu (6)

n'ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi mirongo itanu (50.000) kugeza ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000).

Ibihano bivugwa mu gika cya mbere

cy’iyingingo ni byo bihanishwa umuntu wese ubishaka wima ibiribwa cyangwa utita

ku mwana ashinzwe kurera cyangwa umuntu ashinzwe udashoboye kwirwanaho kubera

imiterere ye mu mubiri cyangwa mu bwenge.

Kwirengagiza inshingano

z’umubyeyi cyangwa umwishingizi nta mpamvu

Umubyeyi cyangwa umwishingizi wirengagiza

kubahiriza imwe mu nshingano ze nta mpamvu yumvikana ku buryo bizahaza

ubuzima, umutekano, imibereho y’umwana we cyangwa uwo ashinzwe kurera ukiri muto,

ureka umwana cyangwa uwo ashinzwe kurera akishora mu buzererezi, ahanishwa

igifungo kuva ku mezi abiri (2) ariko kitageze ku mezi atandatu (6) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi

ijana (100.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000) cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo

bihano.

Umubyeyi cyangwa umwishingizi wangiza uburere bw’umwana we cyangwa uwo

ashinzwe kurera kubera kumufata nabi, gutanga ingero mbi z’ubusinzi bw’akamenyero

cyangwa kwitwara nabi, ahanishwa ibihano bivugwa mu gikacya mbere cy’iyi ngingo.

Kutita ku mwana hashingiwe ku gitsina

Umuntu wese utita ku mwana yabyaye kubera ko ari umuhungu cyangwa

umukobwa, akamutoteza cyangwa agatoteza uwo bamubyaranye, ahanishwa igifungo

kuva ku mezi atatu (3) ariko kitageze ku mezi atandatu (6) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga

kuva ku bihumbi magana atatu (300.000)

31

kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000).

Umuntu wese utita ku mwana ashinzwe kurera ashingiye ku gitsina, ahanishwa ibihano

bivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo.

Gufata no gukwirakwiza

ishusho cyangwa amajwi by’umwana byerekeranye

n’imikoreshereze y’ibitsina

Umuntu wese ufata ishusho cyangwa amajwi

by’umwana cyangwa ubikwirakwiza akoresheje uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose, iyo

byerekeranye n’imikoreshereze y’ibitsina, ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu

y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) kugeza kuri

miliyoni icumi (10.000.000).

Kwamamaza amashusho

yerekeranye n’imikoreshereze y’ibitsina

bikorewe ku bana

Umuntu wese umurika, ugurisha, ukodesha,

ukwirakwiza cyangwa utanga amashusho, ibikoresho,amafirimu, amafoto, amadiyapozitifu n’ibindi byerekanirwaho ibintu byerekeranye n’imikoreshereze

y’ibitsina bikorewe ku bana, ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku

myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshanu

(5.000.000) kugezakuri miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000).

Guta umwana cyangwa kumutererana

Umubyeyi cyangwa umwishingizi uta umwana ahantu hagaragaracyangwa

ubikoresha undi, umutererana cyangwa ubikoresha undi, akaza kuboneka, ahanishwa

igifungo kuva ku myaka ibiri (2) kugeza ku myaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi

makumyabiri (20.000) kugeza ku bihumbi ijana (100.000).

Umubyeyi cyangwa umwishingizi uta mwana

ahantu hihishe, akaza kuboneka, ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku

myaka irindwi (7), n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi mirongo itanu

32

(50.000) kugeza ku bihumbi magana abiri (200.000).

Gutererana umwana cyangwa kumuta

bikamutera ubumuga, urupfu cyangwa kuzimira

burundu

Iyo gutererana umwana cyangwa kumuta byamuteye ubumuga budakira, uwakoze icyo

cyaha ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka irindwi (7) kugeza ku myaka icumi (10).

Iyo gutererana umwana cyangwa kumuta

byamuviriyemo urupfu cyangwa kuzimira burundu, igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu.

Gushishikariza ababyeyi guta umwana

Umuntu wese: 1° ushishikarizaababyeyi cyangwa umwe muri

bo guta umwana wabo wavutse cyangwa uzavuka; 2° wemeranyijwe n’ababyeyi b’umwana

uzavuka cyangwa umwe muri bo kuzamuta; iyo ibyo yoheje cyangwa yemeranyijwe

n’ababyeyi byashyizwe mu bikorwa, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi atandatu

(6) kugeza ku myaka ibiri (2) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi

magana atanu (500.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000) cyangwa kimwe gusa muri

ibyo bihano.

Gushimuta umwana Umuntu wese ushimuta umwana cyangwa

umufata mu buryo bw’uburiganya akamujyana mu mahanga, ahanishwa igifungo

kuva ku myaka irindwi (7) kugeza ku myaka icumi (10) n’ihazabuy’amafaranga

y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000).

Ibihano by’ucuruza

umwana amushora mu buraya cyangwa mu bikorwa by’urukozasoni

Umuntu wese:

1° utesha agaciro umuco, ashishikariza, afasha cyangwa yorohereza umwana ibikorwa by’urukozasoni cyangwa uburaya kugira ngo

amare irari ry’undi muntu, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka itatu (3) kugeza ku

myaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y'amafaranga y’u

33

Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu

(5.000.000);

2° ushora mu buraya cyangwa mu bikorwa by’urukozasoni umwana ufite imyaka kuva kuri cumi n’ibiri (12) kugeza kuri cumi

n’umunani (18) ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi

(7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y'u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000) kugeza kuri

miliyoni umunani (8.000.000); 3° ushora mu buraya cyangwa mu bikorwa

by’urukozasoni umwana utaruzuza imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12) y'amavuko, ahanishwa

igifungo kuva ku myaka irindwi (7) kugeza ku

myaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni icumi

(10.000.000).

Ingingo ya 260: Ibihano by’ucuruza abana n’ubakoresha ibikorwa

by’urukozasoni mu nzira zitandukanye

Umuntu wese, ubwe cyangwa abinyujije ku wundi: 1° ushakisha, ushishikariza, uyobya cyangwa

uherana umwana agamije kumutoza ibikorwa by’urukozasoni kugira ngo amare

irari ry’undi muntu;

2°ufungura inyubako iberamo ibikorwa by’urukozasoni cyangwa ikorerwamo uburaya,

abana bakajya bakoreramo ibikorwa by’urukozasoni;

3° ugurisha, ukodesha cyangwa utiza

umwana inyubako cyangwa ahandi hantu agamije inyungu mu bikorwaby’urukozasoni

bikorwa n’umwana; 4° ushakira inyungu mu gukoresha umwana

ibikorwa by’urukozasoni uko byaba byakozwe kose; ahanishwa igifungo kirenze

imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7)

34

n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) kugeza

kuri miliyoni icumi (10.000.000).

lGucuruza abana bikozwe

n’amashyirahamwe y’abagizi ba nabi

Iyo ibyaha bivugwa mu ngingo ya 259

y’iri tegeko ngenga bikozwe mu rwego rw’ishyirahamwe ry’abagizi ba nabi

babigize umwuga w’ibanze cyangwa w’ingoboka, n'ubwo uwabikoze yaba atari mu

buyobozi bwaryo, bihanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka irindwi (7) kugeza ku myaka icuni (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda

kuva kuri miliyoni umunani (8.000.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni cumi n’eshanu

(15.000.000).

Gushora umwana mu

biyobyabwenge

umuntu wese ushora umwana mu

biyobyabwenge mu bundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka

itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva

ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000).

Gukoresha, koshya, gushora no

gushishikariza umwana gusabiriza

Umuntu wese ukoresha,woshya, ushora cyangwa ushishikariza umwana gusabiriza,

ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mwaka umwe(1) kugeza ku myaka ibiri (2). Igihe

umwana wakoreshejwe mu gusabiriza asanganyweubumuga bw’umubiri cyangwa

bwo mu mutwe, igifungo kiba imyaka itatu (3).

35

UMUSOZO

Muri aka gatabo twagerageje kugaragaza mu ncamake ibikubiye mu itegeko

Itegeko N°54/2011 ryo kuwa 14/12/2011 ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana

n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera.

Birumvikana ko ibikubiye mu itegeko byose tutabivuye imuzi; twibanze ku byo

tubona ari ingenzi, ku buryo abanyarwanda benshi cyangwa bose babimenye

byaba ari intangiriro nziza yabafasha kubahiriza no kubungabunga

uburenganzira bw’umwana.

Aka gatabo ntigasimbura itegeko ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana

n’uburyo bwo kumurinda no kumurengera, niyo mpamvu ari byiza ku

babishoboye kujya bagira inyota yo gusoma igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’ u

Rwanda cyangwa izindi nyandiko zirebana n’amategeko bakarushaho

kwiyongerera ubumenyi.

Twongeye gushima byimazeyo abantu bose bagize uruhare mu itegurwa ry’aka

gatabo; by’umwihariko tukaba duhsimira umufatanyabikorwa wacu w’imena

GIZ wadufashije kugira ngo aka gatabo gategurwe ndetse kanasohoke.

Tubifurije mwese gukomeza kugira uruhare mu iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira

bw’umwana no kumurengera.

36

INYANDIKO ZIFASHISHIJWE

1. Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y'u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe

mu 2015, Igazeti ya Leta, 2015, Igazeti ya Leta, 2015.

2. Itegeko Ngenga N° 01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo

cy’amategeko ahana, Igazeti ya Leta, 2012.

3. Itegeko n°27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 ryerekeye imicungire

y'umutungo w'abashyingiranywe, impano n' izungura, Igazeti ya Leta,

2016.

4. Itegeko n° 32/2016 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 rigenga abantu n'umuryango

mu Rwanda, Igazeti ya Leta, 2016.

5. Itegeko n° 54/2011 ryo ku wa 14 Ukuboza 2011 ryerekeye uburenganzira

bw'umwana n'uburyo bwo kumurinda ihohoterwa; Igazeti ya Leta, 2011.