dvcs exclusive vector meson large-x pdfs the clas12 detector } 3 particular examples among many...
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DVCSDVCS
Exclusive Vector mesonExclusive Vector meson
Large-x PDFsLarge-x PDFs
The CLAS12 detectorThe CLAS12 detector
} 3 particularExamplesamong many others
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DVCSDVCS
Exclusive Vector mesonExclusive Vector meson
Large-x PDFsLarge-x PDFs
The CLAS12 detectorThe CLAS12 detector
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DVCS Bethe-Heitler
GPDs
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DVCS Bethe-Heitler
GPDs
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Proton-DVCS BSAs with CLAS12
LU~sin{F1H+.}d
e p ep
Kinematically suppressed
A =
=
Sensitivityto H(,t)
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DVCS/BH Longitudinal Target AsymmetryDVCS/BH Longitudinal Target Asymmetry
e p ep
Longitudinally polarized target
UL~sinIm{F1H+(F1+F2)H...}d~
Sensitivityto H(ξ,t)~
CLAS12CLAS12
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JLab Hall A Collaboration, PRL 99:242501,2007
en en
EHHF )(4
~)()()()( 22211 tF
M
ttFtFtFC I
n
0 because F1(t) is small
0 because of cancelation of u and d quarks
n-DVCS gives access to the least known and constrained GPD, E
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= 60°xB = 0.17Q2 = 2 GeV2
t = -0.4 GeV2
n-DVCS BSA is:• very sensitive to Ju, Jd • can be as strong as for the protonAccording to the kinematics and Ju, Jd
DVCS on the neutron Ju=.3, Jd=.1
Ju=.8, Jd=.1
Ju=.5, Jd=.1
Ju=.3, Jd=.8
Ju=.3, Jd=-.5
Ee = 11 GeV
DVCS BSA: sensitivity to Ju,Jd Hall A 6 GeV
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= 60°xB = 0.2Q2 = 2 GeV2
t = -0.2 GeV2
DVCS BSA: sensitivity to Ju,d
DVCS on the proton Ju=.3, Jd=.1
Ju=.8, Jd=.1
Ju=.5, Jd=.1
Ju=.3, Jd=.8
Ju=.3, Jd=-.5
Ee = 11 GeV
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nDVCS with CLAS12
~ 80% of neutrons from n-DVCS have >40°
→ neutrons detectorfor central part of CLAS12 (CD)
<pn>~ 0.4 GeV/c
ed→e’n(p)
Detected in CLAS12 (FD)
Detected inFEC, IC
Not detected
PID (n or ?) + angles to identify final state
CD
CND
CTOF CentralTracker
Technical challenges :• available room very small (thickness cm)→ no room for light guides→ need a compact read-out system• strong magnetic field (5 T)→ photodetectors insensitive to the magnetic field (SiPMs or Microchannel PMTs)• resolution on time-of-flight ~ 150 ps to distinguish neutrons from photons
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DVCSDVCS
Exclusive Vector mesonExclusive Vector meson
Large-x PDFsLarge-x PDFs
The CLAS12 detectorThe CLAS12 detector
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Longitudinal cross section L(*Lp pL
0)
S. Morrow et al., Eur.Phys.J.A39:5,2009 ([email protected])
C. Hadjidakis et al., Phys.Lett.B605:256,2005 ([email protected] GeV)
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ep ep ep ep00
EPJA09
VGG GPD model
GK GPD model
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VGG + “meson exchange”
VGG w/o “meson exchange” (VGG)
“meson exchange”
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kperp corr. (+ “meson exchange”)
Leading twist handbag
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CLAS
HERMES
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d/dt (*p p0)
b constant as Q2
increases ?
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DVCSDVCS
Exclusive Vector mesonExclusive Vector meson
Large-x PDFsLarge-x PDFs
The CLAS12 detectorThe CLAS12 detector
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The Problem: nuclear binding uncertainties prevent us from knowing F2n and d/u(x1)
d
u
4F2n F2p 1
4 F2n F2p
F2n extracted from deuteron data
The Solution: spectator proton tagging select low-momentum part of d wave function and tag motion of struck neutron
W spectrum on d
kinematically corrected W spectrum on n in d
How? Slow proton recoil detector (radial TPC)
F2
n/F
2p
Analysis underway… results in late 2009
BoNuS(Experimente8 w/ CLAS)
W > 1.9 GeVQ2 > 1 GeV2
W > 1.6 GeVQ2 > 2 GeV2
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Valence Quark Distribution d/uValence Quark Distribution d/uCLAS12CLAS12
en(ps) → epsX
Measure spectator proton to tag Measure spectator proton to tag scattering of “free” neutron with scattering of “free” neutron with small FSI. small FSI.
There is large uncertainty in the ratio d/u of down and up quark distributions at large x, due to large effects of nuclear wave function.
This can be significantly improved by performing the measurement at kinematics where nuclear effects are under control.
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Existing Data from CLAS
xbj
A1d ( D-state corrected ) HF perturbed QM
World Data Parm + d WF Q2 = 4.2 GeV2
World Data parm Q2 = 10 GeV2
Spin 3/2 suppression
Helicity 3/2 suppression
Symmetric Q Wave function suppression
SLAC - E143
SMC
HERMES
SLAC - E155
CLAS-EG1b Q2 = 1.0 - 4.52 GeV2
SU(6)
pQCD
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Isgur, PRD 59, 034013 (2003)
}
Close and Melnitchouk, PRC 68, 035210 (2003)
xbj
A1p
HF perturbed QM
World Data parm Q2 = 10 GeV2
Spin 3/2 suppression Helicity 3/2 suppression
Symmetric Q Wave function
SLAC - E143
SMC
HERMES
SLAC - E155
CLAS-EG1b Q2 = 1.0 - 4.52 GeV2
SU(6)
pQCD
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Proton
Deuteron
W > 2; Q2 > 1
Valence spin structure functionValence spin structure functionCLAS12CLAS12
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Valence spin structure functionValence spin structure function
Proton Deuteron W > 2; Q2 > 1
CLAS12CLAS12
Accurate measurement of Q2 dependence is key for extraction of ΔΔG(x)G(x)
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GPD’s and 3D-Imaging of the Nucleon Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering - DVCS Deeply Virtual meson Production at low/high t
Valence Quark Distributions u- and d-Quark Spin Distributions in Proton and Neutron Neutron Structure Function F2n(x,Q2) , d/u TMD Quark Distribution Functions in SIDIS
Form Factors and Resonance Excitations The Magnetic Structure of the Neutron – GMn
N* Transition Form Factors at high Q2
Proposed Initial Physics Program in Hall B
Hadrons in the Nuclear Medium Space-Time Characteristics of Quark Hadronization Color Transparency Short Distance Dynamics of Light Nuclei
13 CLAS12 already approved experiments (and 7 LOIs) corresponding to about 5 years of scheduled beam operation .
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DVCSDVCS
Exclusive Vector mesonExclusive Vector meson
Large-x PDFsLarge-x PDFs
The CLAS12 detectorThe CLAS12 detector
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A B C
Jefferson Lab Today
Large acceptance spectrometer electron/photon beams
Hall B
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CLAS12 CLAS12
Central Detector
Forward Detector
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Single sector (exploded view)Single sector (exploded view)
Beamline equipment
CLAS12
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CLAS12CLAS12 Central DetectorCentral Detector
• Superconducting 5T Solenoid Superconducting 5T Solenoid Magnet, 78cm ø warm bore.Magnet, 78cm ø warm bore.
• Central Time-of-Flight array Central Time-of-Flight array (CTOF) (CTOF) ΔT < 60psec
• Silicon Vertex TrackerSilicon Vertex Tracker
3131
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CLAS12 CLAS12 – – Solenoid, Solenoid, Torus Magnets Torus Magnets & Tracking Chambers& Tracking Chambers
DC: 36 layers iπ 3 regions, 6 sectors, 24,000 sense wires.IC: Calorimeter, 424 PbWO crystals
DC’s
IC
The B-field transverse to the particle trajectory is approximately matched to the average particle momentum.
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CLAS12CLAS12 – – PID & CalorimetryPID & Calorimetry
FTOF
FTOF: Timing resolution ΔT<80ps
PCAL
EC
Forward Carriage
LTCC
PCAL/EC: Electron, photon, neutron detection, high energy γ/π0 reconstruction. LTCC: Electron & pion separation. RICH: Needed for better Kaon id in some sectors.
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Forward Central Detector Detector
Angular rangeCharged Particles 50 – 400 400 – 1350
Photons 20 – 400 N/AResolutionp/p (%) < 1 @ 5 GeV/c < 3 @ 0.5 GeV/c(mr) < 0.5 < 10(mr) < 0.5 < 6Photon detectionEnergy (MeV) >150 N/A (mr) 4 (1GeV) N/ANeutron detectionNeff 0.1 – 0.6 0.10Particle IDe/ Full range N/ApFull range ≤ 1.2 GeV/c/K Full range ≤ 0.65 GeV/cK/pGeV/c ≤ 0.90 GeV/cFull range N/A Full range N/A
Design Parameters (Base equipment) Design Parameters (Base equipment) CLAS12
Central Detector
Forward Detector
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CLAS12CLAS12 in Hall B in Hall B
Moller polarimeterPhoton Energy tagging
systemPolarized targetsGoniometer/polarized photonsPair spectrometerBeam monitors
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Future Upgrades to CLAS12 Base Equipment
• Micromegas (Saclay)– Detailed simulation and track reconstruction– Prototypes being tested, engineering design underway– Review will take place in May 2009
• RICH Detector (INFN, Argonne, UK )– Conceptual design with detailed simulations– PAC 34 approved 3 major experiments requiring RICH
• Neutron detector (IN2P3/INFN)– Detailed simulations, components being studied– PAC 34 gave high rating to the science presented in LOI
• HD-ice Polarized target (JLab/INFN)– Laboratory facility being designed
• Quasi real photon tagging facility (INFN, UK)– Feasibility study
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Institution Focus AreaArizona State University (US) Beamline, Tagging SystemArgonne National Laboratory (US) Cerenkov CounterCalifornia State University (US) Cerenkov CountersCatholic University of America (US) SoftwareCollege of William & Mary (US) Calorimetry, Magnet MappingEdinburgh University (UK) Software Fairfield University (US) Polarized TargetFlorida International University, Miami (US) Beamline/Moller polarimeterGlasgow University (UK) Central Detector, DAQ, Forward Tagger, RICHGrenoble University/IN2P3 (France) Central DetectorIdaho State University (US) Drift chambers INFN –University Bari (Italy) tbd, interest in RICHINFN –University Catania (Italy) tbdINFN – Frascati and Fermi Center (Italy) Central Neutron Detector+ interest show in RICHINFN –University Ferrara (Italy) (will join in 2010) tbd, interest in RICHINFN – University Genoa (Italy) Central Neutron Detector+ interest in Forward TaggerINFN – ISS/Rome 1 (Italy) tbd, interest in RICHINFN – University of Rome Tor Vergata (Italy) Central Neutron Detector+ HD targetInstitute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (Russia) SC. Magnets, SimulationsJames Madison University (US) CalorimetryKyungpook National University (Republic of Korea) CD TOFLos Alamos National Laboratory (US) Silicon TrackerMoscow State University, Skobeltsin Institute for Nuclear Physics (Russia) Software, SVT Moscow State University (High Energy Physics) (Russia) Silicon TrackerNorfolk State University (US) Preshower CalorimeterOhio University (US) Preshower CalorimeterOrsay University/IN2P3 (France) Central Neutron DetectorOld Dominion University (US) Drift ChambersRenselear Polytechnic Institute (US) Cerenkov CountersCEA Saclay (France) Central Tracker, Reconstruction softwareTemple University, Philadelphia (US) Cerenkov CountersThomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (US) Project coordination & oversightUniversity of Connecticut (US) Cerenkov CountersUniversity of New Hampshire (US) Central Tracker, Offline SoftwareUniversity of Richmond (US) Offline SoftwareUniversity of South Carolina (US) Forward TOFUniversity of Virginia (US) Beamline/Polarized TargetsYerevan Physics Institute (Armenia) Calorimetry
CLAS12 Institutions
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•Oct ‘13: Hall A commissioning start
•Apr ‘14: Hall D commissioning start
•Oct ‘14: Hall B & C commissioning start
12 GeV Schedule