dynamic analysis for daylight availability in high-density urban area...

99thth UK CARE Annual General Meeting UK CARE Annual General Meeting

Dynamic Analysis for Daylight Availability in High-Density Urban AreaDynamic Analysis for Daylight Availability in High-Density Urban Area

高密度城市区域动态采光分析高密度城市区域动态采光分析

杜江涛杜江涛

Jiangtao Du (PhD student)Jiangtao Du (PhD student)

Architecture School Architecture School

University of SheffieldUniversity of Sheffield


ABSTRACT

This study describes a dynamic analysis method to investigate daylight availability in high-density urban

area. In contrast to traditional static concept based on Daylight Factor, this method introduces Daylight

Coefficient and Perez sky luminance function, which can be used to dynamically analysize the annual

daylight level profile. Daylight Coefficient on the outside surfaces of buildings has been calculated by

DaySim, a package using Radiance algorithm. Also, Sky Luminance Distribution comes from annual

solar gains through Perez’s sky model function. Accordingly, integrating Daylight Coefficient and sky

luminance distribution would get illuminace values across the outside surfaces. The annual illuminance

profile of there surfaces is a significant indicator for daylight levels in buildings.

Three typical built layouts in current high-density Chinese city have been modelled and simulated. The

solar radiation data in the simulation are derived from the weather file (2005) of Beijing and Shanghai,

which represent different weather zones (II and III) in China and both have plenty of high-density lots. Th

e proposed methodology can help urban and building designers evaluate the possibilities of using natural

lighting in high-density area from the early conceptual design stages.


INTRODUCTION

High-density Urban Area

important environmental issue: daylit spaces;

building type: residential buildings; commercial buildings.

Natural Light Availability and Performance

component: skylight and sunlight.

benefit: reducing artificial light; saving energy; improve indoor qualities (psychology).

Daylight and Sunlight code in China [1,2]

GB/T 50033-----2001 Standard for daylighting design of buildings

建筑采光设计标准

GB 50180-----93 (2002) Code of urban residential areas planning & design

城市居住区规划设计规范


GB/T 50033-----2001 Standard for daylighting design of

buildings 建筑采光设计标准 [1]

GB 50180-----93 (2002) Code of urban residential areas planning & design城市居住区规划设计规范 [2]

光气候分区：五类区域

采光系数 (DF) ：居住建筑 1%

办公建筑 2%

建筑气候分区：七个区域

日照标准：居住建筑

大寒日或者冬至日日照时数

Static method for daylighting controlling in buildings, simple;

Easily adopted, but not corresponding to the real climate conditions and urban layout;

Low practical feasibility and lacking flexibility.

Climate-based Dynamic model or method [3]


METHODOLOGY

Climate-based Dynamic model ---- Daylight Coefficient and Perez sky model

Daylight Coefficient

SL

ED

SLDE

2

0

2/

0SLDE

145 patches

Peter Tregeza [4]

[5]

[5]

[6]


Perez sky model [7, 8]

R. Perez, R. Seals, J. Michalsky; All-weather model for sky luminance distribution — preliminary configuration and validationSolar Energy 50 3 1993 235–245.

R. Perez, P. Ineichen, R. Seals, J. Michalsky, R. Stewart;Modeling daylight availability and irradiance components from direct and global irradianceSolar Energy 44 5 1990 271–289.

Three ways to produce the luminance distribution of sky:

Direct radiation, diffuse radiation

Global illminance, diffuse illuminance

Coefficients setting: a,b,c,d,e

Sky luminance DC E

[5]


Climate-based Dynamic method for urban daylight availability analysis

Typical positions on the Vertical surface of building

Daylight Coefficient of reference positions

Weather data of test reference year (TRY)

Annual illuminance profile (5 minutes, 10 minutes, 0.5 hour, 1 hour)[9]


Case analysis for daylight availability analysis in high-density urban area

1. Linear layout

2. Court layout

3. Dot layout

Higher position

Middle position

Lower position

Beijing: II 寒冷地区

III 光气候区

Shanghai: III 夏热冬冷地区

IV 光气候区north[1, 2]


RESULTS

Day: 20/01 ( 大寒） 20/03 ( 春分） 21/06 ( 夏至） 23/09 ( 秋分） 22/12 ( 冬至）

Step: 1 hour

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illi

min

ance

(lu

x)

low

middle

highBeijing1-20


3-20

Beijing

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illim

inan

ce (

lux)

low

middle

high

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illi

min

ance

(lu

x)

low

middle

high

6-21

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illi

min

ance

(lu

x)

low

middle

high

9-23

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

TimeIl

lim

inan

ce (

lux)

low

middle

high

12-22


Shanghai1-20

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illi

min

ance

(lu

x)low

middle

high


3-20

Shanghai

6-21

9-23 12-22

0

5000

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15000

20000

25000

30000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illi

min

ance

(lu

x)

low

middle

high

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illi

min

ance

(lu

x)

low

middle

high

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illi

min

ance

(lu

x)

low

middle

high

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

TimeIl

lim

inan

ce (

lux)

low

middle

high


Beijing1-20

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illim

inan

ce (

lux)

low

middle

high


Beijing

3-20 6-21

9-23 12-22

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illim

inan

ce (

lux)

low

middle

high

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illi

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ance

(lu

x)

low

middle

high

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30000

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0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illi

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ance

(lu

x)

low

middle

high

0

10000

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0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

TimeIl

lim

inan

ce (

lux)

low

middle

high


Shanghai1-20

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illi

min

ance

(lu

x)low

middle

high


Shanghai

3-20 6-21

9-23 12-22

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illi

min

ance

(lu

x)

low

middle

high

0

500

1000

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0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illi

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ance

(lu

x)

low

middle

high

0

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20000

30000

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50000

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0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illi

min

ance

(lu

x)

low

middle

high

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

TimeIl

lim

inan

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lux)

low

middle

high


0

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0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5

12.5

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22.5

Time

Illim

inan

ce (

lux)

low

middle

highBeijing1-20


0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illim

inan

ce (

lux)

low

middle

high

Beijing

3-20 6-21

9-23 12-22

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5

12.5

14.5

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22.5

Time

Illim

inan

ce (

lux)

low

middle

high

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70000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5

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22.5

Time

Illim

inan

ce (

lux)

low

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70000

80000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5

12.5

14.5

16.5

18.5

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22.5

TimeIl

limin

ance

(lu

x)

low

middle

high


Shanghai1-20

0

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20000

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40000

50000

60000

70000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illim

inan

ce (

lux)

low

middle

high


Shanghai

3-20 6-21

9-23 12-22

0

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25000

30000

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

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ce (

lux)

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high

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0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

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ce (

lux)

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high

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0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

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ce (

lux)

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middle

high

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0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5

Time

Illim

inan

ce (

lux)

low

middle

high


CONCLUSIONS

A real dynamic method for daylight availability investigation; based on the weather data (radiation);

Illuminace output, easily to understand and compile;

Based on DC and Radiance algorithm (DaySim), suitable for complicated environment;

More knowledge needed when using the tool; long running time; thousands of data.


REFERENCES

1. GB/T 50033-----2001 Standard for daylighting design of buildings 建筑采光设计标准

2. GB 50180-----93 (2002) Code of urban residential areas planning & design 城市居住区规划设计规范

3. BS 8206-2:2008 Lighting for buildings – Part 2: Code of practice for daylighting

4. 1. P R. Tregenza, M I. Waters; Daylight Coefficients.Lighting research and technology 15 2 1983 65–71.

5. J.Mardaljevic; Daylight Simulation: Validation, Sky Models and Daylight Coefficients. PhD Thesis 2000 De Moutfort University.

6. C. Reinhart, S. Herkel; The simulation of annual daylight illuminace distributions – a state-of-art comparison of six Radiance-based method. Energy and Buildings 32 2000 167–187.

7. R. Perez, R. Seals, J. Michalsky; All-weather model for sky luminance distribution — preliminary configuration and validationSolar Energy 50 3 1993 235–245.

8. R. Perez, P. Ineichen, R. Seals, J. Michalsky, R. Stewart; Modeling daylight availability and irradiance components from direct and global irradiance. Solar Energy 44 5 1990 271–289.

9. C. Reinhart, O. Walkenhorst; Validation of dynamic Raidance-based daylight simulations for a test office with external blinds.Energy and Buildings 33 2001 683–697.

dynamic analysis for daylight availability in high-density urban area...

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