dynamic soil properties and dynamic land uses: the need for dynamic soil interpretations
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Dynamic Soil Properties and Dynamic Land Uses: The Need for Dynamic Soil Interpretations. Randall J. Miles University of Missouri National Cooperative Soil Survey National Conference Interpretations Forum June 5, 2007. Dynamic Soil Properties. Near-surface soil properties - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Dynamic Soil Properties and Dynamic Soil Properties and Dynamic Land Uses:Dynamic Land Uses:
The Need for Dynamic Soil The Need for Dynamic Soil InterpretationsInterpretations
Randall J. MilesRandall J. MilesUniversity of MissouriUniversity of Missouri
National Cooperative Soil Survey National National Cooperative Soil Survey National ConferenceConference
Interpretations ForumInterpretations Forum June 5, 2007June 5, 2007
Dynamic Soil PropertiesDynamic Soil Properties
Near-surface soil propertiesNear-surface soil properties
Multiple depth intervalsMultiple depth intervals
Vegetative characteristicsVegetative characteristics
Dynamic Land UsesDynamic Land Uses
More intensive land use patternsMore intensive land use patterns
Use of “marginal” soil/site conditions Use of “marginal” soil/site conditions (places greater emphasis on surface soil (places greater emphasis on surface soil properties)properties)
Non-traditional usesNon-traditional uses
““Socially controlled” land use patternsSocially controlled” land use patterns
Greater engineering controlsGreater engineering controls
This Increase in Intensive This Increase in Intensive Land Use Pressures Land Use Pressures
Can be Termed:Can be Termed:
Dynamic Use-Dependent Dynamic Use-Dependent FactorsFactors
An Example of a Use-An Example of a Use-Dependent Factor is Onsite Dependent Factor is Onsite
Wastewater Treatment SystemsWastewater Treatment Systems
Applications to:Applications to:
Stormwater abatementStormwater abatement
Soil ErosionSoil Erosion
Biosolids ApplicationsBiosolids Applications
Many othersMany others
OWTS Would Use Many of the OWTS Would Use Many of the Following Fundamental Aspects of:Following Fundamental Aspects of:
Temporal distribution of waterTemporal distribution of water
Spatial distribution of waterSpatial distribution of water
Volume distribution of wastewater from the Volume distribution of wastewater from the OWTSOWTS
Wastewater quality with temporal Wastewater quality with temporal distribution of wastewaterdistribution of wastewater
Wastewater Distribution System Wastewater Distribution System FundamentalsFundamentals
Gravity Distribution: Wastewater Goes in Gravity Distribution: Wastewater Goes in and Wastewater goes out: and Wastewater goes out:
“ “Socially Controlled”Socially Controlled”
versusversus
Timed Dosed Distribution: A Defined Timed Dosed Distribution: A Defined Volume of Wastewater Per Time Unit:Volume of Wastewater Per Time Unit:
“ “Engineering Control”Engineering Control”
““Socially Controlled” SystemSocially Controlled” System
Gravity DistributionGravity Distribution
Dictated by use pattern at the timeDictated by use pattern at the time
Provides a diverse flux of water volume Provides a diverse flux of water volume within the system and subsequent soil within the system and subsequent soil receiving environmentreceiving environment
Provides a diverse flux in quality based on Provides a diverse flux in quality based on volume and functional component within volume and functional component within the housing structurethe housing structure
Basic Gravity System ComponentsBasic Gravity System Components
Source
Septictank with or without
effluent screen
Drainfield
Soil
Drop or Distribution
Box
In ground trench
HOURLY VARIATION IN HOURLY VARIATION IN WASTEWATER FLOWWASTEWATER FLOW
Socially Controlled Provides a Socially Controlled Provides a Diversity of Wastewater Quality Diversity of Wastewater Quality
over Timeover Time
Nutrients-N,P, etcNutrients-N,P, etc
Organics Organics
Total Suspended SolidsTotal Suspended Solids
Heavy MetalsHeavy Metals
Bacteria, Pathogens, Viruses Bacteria, Pathogens, Viruses
SLOPE CONSIDERATIONSSLOPE CONSIDERATIONS
Horizontal Flow
1
2 3
NOT TO SCALENOT TO SCALE
NOT TO SCALENOT TO SCALE
NOT TO SCALENOT TO SCALE
NOT TO SCALENOT TO SCALE
NOT TO SCALENOT TO SCALE
Time Dosed Distribution:Time Dosed Distribution:Engineered DistributionEngineered Distribution
Provides time/volume control distribution Provides time/volume control distribution over a 24/7 time frameover a 24/7 time frame
Provides more uniform distribution of Provides more uniform distribution of wastewater quality (integration of wastewater quality (integration of wastewater quality)wastewater quality)
Provides aeration and resting of soil Provides aeration and resting of soil absorption treatment system absorption treatment system
Pressure manifold to gravity or Pressure manifold to gravity or pressurepressure
Source
Septic Tank with effluent
screen
Drainfield
Soil
PumpTank
Press
ure
man
ifold
NOT TO SCALENOT TO SCALE
Drip Distribution PrinciplesDrip Distribution Principles
A method of wastewater distribution A method of wastewater distribution over a large area as uniformly as over a large area as uniformly as possible shallowlypossible shallowly
Similar to drip irrigation for plants but Similar to drip irrigation for plants but need to disperse the effluent all the need to disperse the effluent all the time.time.
Most uniform method of distributionMost uniform method of distribution
Drip Distribution SystemDrip Distribution System
Summit
Drainage way
Side or back slope Shoulder
Foot slopeToe slope
13
42
5
HYDROLOGIC CYCLEHYDROLOGIC CYCLE
Impermeable Layer
Ground Water
Slow Moving
Lateral FlowSlowly Permeable layer
StreamWater Table
Septic System
Wastewater Input Runoff
Infiltration
Precipitation
Evapotranspiration
Linear Loading RateLateral movementLateral movement
Overall system issueOverall system issue
Controlled by “smallest window”Controlled by “smallest window”
Related to:Related to:– Over all lengthOver all length– Over all [Compounding] flowOver all [Compounding] flow
Dynamic Interpretations for Dynamic Interpretations for Dynamic Use-Dependent FactorsDynamic Use-Dependent Factors
Need fundamental spatial distribution of Need fundamental spatial distribution of water movement in the soil landscapewater movement in the soil landscape
Need fundamental temporal distribution fo Need fundamental temporal distribution fo water movement in the soil landscapewater movement in the soil landscape
Socially controlled versus Engineering Socially controlled versus Engineering Controlled distributionControlled distribution
Need water quality parametersNeed water quality parameters
Additional Pressure for DynamicAdditional Pressure for DynamicUse-Dependent Interpretations Use-Dependent Interpretations
Many land use applications are likely to evolve Many land use applications are likely to evolve from prescriptive based applications to from prescriptive based applications to performance based applications. An example is performance based applications. An example is the National Onsite Wastewater Recycling the National Onsite Wastewater Recycling Association’s Model CodeAssociation’s Model Code
Applications to many other land uses as a result Applications to many other land uses as a result of greater pressure induced by sprawl plus use of greater pressure induced by sprawl plus use and fluxes of water within the soil landscapeand fluxes of water within the soil landscape