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Page 1: e, D I · KOTopaH He lKHBeT 6C3 Toro, lJT06b1 He ceHTb CMCpTb 11 CMyTy B lla.~CI(I1X OT ce oepefOB KpaHX, AMepIIKC. rue nOHHM3HHe, lJTO MOll(e'(

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KHH>KHOE 0503PEHYlE

KOTopaH He lKHBeT 6C3 Toro, lJT06b1 He ceHTb

CMCpTb 11 CMyTy B lla.~CI(I1X OT ce oepefOB

KpaHX, AMepIIKC. rue nOHHM3HHe, lJTO MOll(e'(

npl1(1T11 003Me311He, npOHI1K3eT Bce 60JTb[Ue,

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n fY. 1970. 136 CTp.

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