ebvqb

f~wgKv

ebvqb eZ©gvb we‡k¦i cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ iÿvi GKgvÎ nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡”Q| cÖhyw³MZ DrKl©Zv Avi wkí wecø‡ei †eMevb MwZ‡Z Avgv‡`i wPi‡Pbv cÖK…wZ AvR Zvi iæc-‡hŠeb nviv‡Z e‡m‡Q| Avgiv nviv‡Z e‡mwQ †eu‡P _vKvi GKgvÎ Aej¤b wbg©j cwi‡ek| ZvB my ’-my›`i Rxe‡bi Rb¨ meyR cÖK…wZ iÿv‡_© MvQ jvMv‡bvi gva¨‡g ebvqb e¨ZxZ weKí †Kvb c_ Avgv‡`i mvg‡b †Lvjv †bB| eb GKwU AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`| gvbe mf¨Zvi D‡b¥l, µgweKvk I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ e‡bi Ae`vb Ab¯xKvh©| eb gvby‡li Lv`¨, e ¿, evm ’vb I wPwKrmvi gZ †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Y h‡_ô f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| ZvQvov eb cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vM ‡hgb So, eb¨v, cøveb I mvgyw`ªK R‡jv”Q¡vm †_‡K gvby‡li Rxeb I m¤ú` iÿvq cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿfv‡e Ae`vb iv‡L| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq †h, cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i g‡a¨ ebm¤ú` Avgv‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b Ges cwi‡ek msiÿ‡Y Z_v Rxe‰ewPΨ Ges cÖvK…wZK y‡h©vM †gvKvwejvi †ÿ‡Î Pvÿzl f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| G BDwb‡U eb, e‡bi aiY, ebvqb, eb msiÿYwewa, eb bvm©vwi, e„ÿ KZ©b, KvV msiÿY c×wZ cÖf„wZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq m¤ú‡K© mvg¨K Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK †cÖÿvc‡U eb Z_v ebvq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv AZ¨šÍ my›`i I mvejxjfv‡e cÖZxqgvb n‡e|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 04 mßvn

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n cvV - 12.1 : eb, e‡bi aib I ebvqb cvV - 12.2 : evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ ebv‡ji we Í…wZ cvV - 12.3 : eb msiÿY wewa cvV - 12.4 : eb bvm©vwi cvV - 12.5 : eb bvm©vwii exR I Pviv Drcv`b †KŠkj cvV - 12.6 : e„ÿ KZ©b I KvV msMÖn, Kv‡Vi cwigvY cvV - 12.7 : KvV msiÿY c×wZ cvV - 12.8 : DcK~jxq ebvqb cvV - 12.9 : e¨envwiKt †Mvj KvV ev Z³v cwigvb

BDwbU12

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 214 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

eb, e‡bi aib I ebvqb

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb • evsjv‡`‡ki ebv‡ji aib e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • wewfbœ e‡bi ‰ewkó¨ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • ebvq‡bi aiY I Dc‡hvwMZv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã eb, ebvqb, cY©‡gvPx eb, µvšÍxq eb

eb ‰ewkó¨m~PK evwn¨K †Pnviv I MVbmn MvQcvjvi GKK‡K eb e‡j msÁvwqZ Kiv nq| cÖvK…wZK Dcv‡q

Avcbv n‡Z hLb †QvU-eo e„ÿjZv I MvQcvjv R‡b¥ we¯ÍxY© GjvKv Av”Qvw`Z K‡i †d‡j, ZLb †m we ÍxY© GjvKv‡K ebf~wg e‡j| AiY¨ ev eb nj Nb wewfbœ cÖKvi Dw™¢‡`i Øviv †Niv GKwU GjvKv|

ebvqb ebvqb n‡jv ebf~wg‡Z ˆeÁvwbK Dcv‡q MvQ jvMv‡bv, cwiPh©v I msiÿY Kiv| mwVKfv‡e ebvqb Kiv m¤¢e n‡j, me©vwaK ebR `ªe¨ Drcvw`Z nq| Gme ebR`ªe¨ n‡jv KvV, R¡vjvwb, e‡bŠlwa, dj, gay, †gvg cÖf~wZ| ebvq‡bi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i wewfbœ cÖKvi ebR e„ÿ, djR e„ÿ, wbg©vY mvgMÖx I Jlwa Dw™¢ m¤ú‡K© fv‡jvfv‡e Rvbv `iKvi| G Aa¨v‡q Avcwb Gme Dw™¢‡`i cwiwPwZ, Pvl c×wZ I ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Ávb, `ÿZv I `„wófw½ AR©b Ki‡eb| cvkvcvwk bvm©vwi‡Z bZzb Pviv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b e‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb Ges G m¤ú‡K© mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv m„wó‡Z AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

e‡bi ˆewkó¨t cÖvK…wZK ev K…wÎg †hfv‡eB eb m„wó nDK bv †Kb, GKwU e‡bi wKQz ‡gŠwjK ˆewkó¨ _v‡K hv wb¤œiƒct 1| cÖvK…wZKfv‡e MwVZ Ges we ÍxY© GjvKvq Av”Qvw`Z e„ÿivwRi mgwóB nj eb| 2| e‡bi AvqZb wekvj n‡e Ges †hLv‡b wewfbœ cÖRvwZi e„n`vKvi e„ÿivwR _vK‡e| 3| eo e„‡ÿi cvkvcvwk †QvU-eo †SvcSvo _vK‡e| 4| e‡b e„ÿivwRi Íiweb¨vm _vK‡e A_©vr MvQcvjv DuPz, wbPz I gvSvwi ¯Í‡i web¨¯Í _vK‡e| 5| wewfbœ ˆewP‡Î¨i eb¨ cÖvYx, cvwL I KxU-cZ½ _vK‡e| 6| e‡bi MvQcvjv I cï cvwLi Lv`¨¯Íi I Lv`¨ wkK‡ji g‡a¨ AvšÍtwµqv _vK‡e|

e‡bi aib I †kÖYxfzw³KiY wewfbœfv‡e Ges we‡kl‡Z¡i wewfbœ gvcKvwV‡Z eb¸wj‡K †kÖYxfz³ Kiv nq| ZviB GKwUi cwifvlv n‡jv ev‡qvg| cÖRvwZi AwaKvs‡ki cvZvi `xN©Rxe‡bi m‡½ Kxfv‡e MvQcvjv wU‡K _v‡K Zv‡KB cÖKvk Kiv nq G ev‡qvg kã w`‡q| Av‡iKUv ¯vZš¿ ˆewk‡ó¨i eb i‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b eb¸wj eo cvZvi MvQ, mijeMx©q (muyPv‡jv cvZv) MvQ A_ev wgkÖ ai‡bi MvQ w`‡q mvRv‡bv _v‡K| 1. Dc‡giæ A‡j AiY¨ i‡q‡Q| G¸wj mvaviYZ wPi nwir I mijeMx©q ai‡bi nq| 2. kxZcÖavb GjvKvq eo cvZvi cY©‡gvPx Mv‡Qi eb (h_v- kxZcÖavb cY©‡gvPx eb) Ges wPi nwir mijeMx©q eb

(h_v- kxZcÖavb mijeMx©q eb I kxZcÖavb e„wó AiY¨), Avevi Dfq ai‡bi ebB n‡Z cv‡i| MÖx®§cÖavb

cvV-12.1

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 12

ebvqb c„ôv 215

GjvKvq Avevi RjcvB RvZxq e„‡ÿi wPimeyR cvZvIqvjv Mv‡Qi ebmn eo cvZvi wPinwir AiY¨ wU‡K _vK‡Z cv‡i|

3. µvšÍxq Ges cÖvq µvšÍxq e‡bi AšÍf~©³ n‡jv µvšÍxq Ges cÖvq µvšÍxq Av ª© eb, µvšÍxq Ges cÖvq µvšÍxq ﮋ eb Ges µvšÍxq I cÖvq µvšÍxq mijeMx©q eb|

†Kv‡bv R½‡ji mvaviY ˆewkó¨ Zv‡`i mvgvwMÖK cÖvK…wZK KvVv‡gv A_ev Dbœ‡q‡bi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi Ae ’vi wfwˇZ †kÖYx web¨¯Í nq| Rjevqy I †Kvb cÖRvwZi MvQ †ewk i‡q‡Q, Zvi wfwˇZI eb¸wj‡K Av‡iv wbw`©ófv‡e †kÖYx web¨¯Í Kiv hvq, dj¯iƒc eû ai‡bi e‡bi aib cvIqv hvq (h_v, †cv‡›`‡ivmv cvBb/WMjvm dvi eb)

wkÿv_©xi KvR wkÿ‡Ki e‡bi msÁv I e‡bi cÖKvi‡f‡`i Dci Av‡jvPbv AbymiYc~e©K wkÿv_x©iv GKwU K¬vk †bvU cÖ ‘Z Ki‡e|

mvims‡ÿc

†jvKvjq †_‡K `~‡i hLb A‡bK MvQcvjv GK‡Î Rb¥vq Ges †hLv‡b eb¨ cïcvwL GK‡Î emevm K‡i ZLb Zv‡K eb ejv nq| †MvUv we‡k¦ eû msL¨K eb cÖKvi‡f` e¨e¯’vi cÖ Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ †KvbvUvB me©Rbxb ¯xK…Z bq| Ab¨vb¨ RwUj e¨e ’vi †_‡K eb cÖKvi‡f` e¨e ’v GKUv mijxK…Z e¨e ’v| wek¦Ry‡o G e¨e ’vwU eb¸wj‡K 26wU g~j †kÖYx‡Z fvM K‡i‡Q, hv‡Z Rjevqy GjvKvi cvkvcvwk cÖavb MvQcvjvi PwiÎ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-12.1

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ

1| µvšÍxq e‡bi Ab¨Zg ‰ewkó¨ nj- K) †fRv I ﮋ L) e„wóeûj M) †gŠmywg Rjevqy m¤úbœ N) wPimeyR wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 2bs I 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| eb Ab¨Zg cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` hv Avgv‡`i cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e wewfbœ Drcv`b mievin K‡i _v‡K| AvKvi, AvqZb, MVb, ‰ewkó¨ Abyhvqx wewfbœ †kÖYxi ebf~wg wewfbœ ’v‡b cwijwÿZ n‡e| 2| ÔmijeMx©q eb I wPi nwirÕ †Kvb e‡bi ˆewkó¨- K) Dc‡giæ eb L) my›`ieb M) kxZ cÖavb cY©‡gvPx eb N) µvšÍxq eb 3| ÒWMjvm dvi ebÓ †kÖYxi ebf~wg‡Z †`Lv hvq †Kvb Dw™¢ K) cvBb L) KvVvj M) my›`ix MvQ N) kvj

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 216 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv‡`‡ki ebv‡j w¯’wZ I wewfbœ cÖKvi eb

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb- • evsjv‡`‡ki ebv‡ji we Í…wZ m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • evsjv‡`‡ki ebv‡ji bvg D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • wewfbœ e‡bi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • wewfbœ ebvq‡bi aviYv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã ebvÂj, cvnvwo eb, K…wl eb, mvgvwRK eb, g¨vb‡MÖvf eb|

eb GKwU †`‡ki g~j¨evb m¤ú`| Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœqb I cwi‡ekMZ fvimvg¨ iÿvq e‡bi f~wgKv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| miKvwi wnmve g‡Z eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU ebf~wgi AvqZb cÖvq 22.5 jÿ †n±i|

ebf~wgi G cwigvY †`‡ki †gvU f~wgi kZKiv 17 fvM| G eb mviv‡`‡k mgvbfv‡e we¯Í…Z bq| AwaKvsk ebf~wg †`‡kic~e©, `wÿY-c~ev©Âj Ges `wÿY-cwðgv‡j Aew ’Z| †`‡ki DËi I DËi-cwðgv‡j ebf~wgi cwigvY LyeB Kg| Ae ’vb I we Í…wZ‡f‡` evsjv‡`‡ki ebvÂj‡K cÖavbZ cuvPfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| G fvM¸‡jv n‡jv-

1| cvnvwo eb 2| mgZjf~wgi eb 3| g¨vb‡MÖvf eb 4| mvgvwRK eb 5| K…wl eb

wb‡Pi Q‡K Ae ’vb I we¯Í…wZ‡f‡` evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡ji ebf~wgi cwigvY (jÿ †n±i) †`Lv‡bv n‡jv- e‡bi aib cÖvK…wZK eb K…wÎg ev m„wRZ eb †gvU cvnvwo eb 11.06 2.10 13.16 g¨vb‡MÖvf eb 6.16 1.34 7.50 mgZj f~wgi eb 0.87 0.36 1.23 MÖvgxY eb - 2.70 2.70

ebv‡ji aib I ˆewkó¨: cvnvwo eb µvšÍxq Av`ª© wPimeyR eb mg„× Rxe‰ewPΨ G e‡bi cÖavb ‰ewkó¨| G e‡b wKQzUv Avav wPimeyR I c·gvPx e„ÿI _v‡K, wKš‘ Zv‡Z e‡bi wPimeyR cÖK…wZ e`jvq bv| PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvwo AÂj, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg, `wÿY-c~e©v‡ji K·evRvi I DËi-c~e©v‡j †gŠjfxevRvi †Rjvq G ai‡bi ebf~wg i‡q‡Q| e„ÿmg~n 45-62 wgUvi ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| Av`ª© Qvqv XvKv ’v‡b civkÖqx AwK©W, dvb© I dvb©RvZxq Dw™¢ , jZv, gm, KPz, †eZ BZ¨vw` cÖvq me©ÎB R‡b¥| ¸j¥, exiær I Z…Y Kg, G RvZxq e‡b cÖvq 700 cÖRvwZi mcy®úK Dw™¢ i‡q‡Q| KvwjMR©b, awjMR©b, wmwfU, ayc, Kvg‡`e, i³b, bvi‡Kwj, Zvjx, Pz›`vj, WvwKRvg BZ¨vw` mvaviY wPinwir e„ÿ cÖRvwZ †h¸wj m‡ev©”P QvDwb m„wó K‡i| Puvcv, ebwkgyj, Pvcvwjk, gv`vi BZ¨vw` AvavwPinwir I wPinwir e„ÿ wewÿßfv‡e R‡b¥| wcZivR,

cvV-12.2

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 12

ebvqb c„ôv 217

PvjgyMiv, †Wdj, bv‡Mk¦i, KvD, †Mv`v, Rvg, Wzgyi, KiB, avigviv, Mvgvi, †ZRej g`bgv Ív, Avmvi, gym, QvwZg, Zzb, A‡kvK, eogvjv, WvKiæg, eyiv BZ¨vw` wØZxq ͇ii QvDwb m„wó K‡i|

µvšÍxq Avav-wPimeyR eb ˆewk‡ó¨i w`K †_‡K mvaviYZ wPinwir, wKš‘ c·gvPx e„‡ÿiI cÖvavb¨ i‡q‡Q| G ebf~wg wm‡jU, PÆMÖvg, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg, K·evRvi I DËi-cwðgv‡ji w`bvRcy‡ii cvnvwo GjvKv wb‡q MwVZ| cÖavbZ GLv‡b RygPvl Kiv nq| GLv‡b AvU kZvwaK cÖRvwZi mcy®úK Dw™¢ i‡q‡Q| wPimeyR eb A‡cÿv G RvZxq e‡b MvQZjvq Dw™¢ AwaK R‡b¥| GLv‡b Rb¥v‡bv DuPz Av”Qv`b m„wóKvix e„ÿ 25-27 wgUvi DuPz n‡q _v‡K| bv‡M¤i, DwoAvg, bvwjRvg, †Mv`vRvg, cxZRvg, XvwKRvg BZ¨vw` ga¨gv‡j QvDwb m„wóKvix e„ÿ| †Wdj ebwkgyj, wkgyj, wkjKiB, Pz›`yj, ¸Rv evUbv, Kvg‡`e, eyiv Mvgvwi, e‡nov I gym Dc‡ii QvDwb A‡kvK, RjcvB I `viæg wbPz QvDwb m„wó K‡i| mvaviY wPimeyR Dw™¢ cÖRvwZ¸wj n‡jv MR©b, wkgyj, ebwkgyj, evUbv, Pvcvwjk, Zzb, KiB, RjcvB| G ebf~wgi Dw™¢‡`i DËivs‡ki m‡½ c~e©-wngvjq I `wÿYvs‡ki m‡½ AvivKv‡bi Dw™¢‡`i mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q| G eb¸wji †gvU AvqZb cÖvq 6,40,000 †n±i hv evwYwR¨K Kv‡Vi 40% †hvMvq|

mgZjf~wgi eb e„nËi XvKv, Uv½vBj, iscyi, w`bvRcyi, ivRkvnx I Kzwgjøv A‡ji eb‡K mgZj f~wgi eb e‡j| G e‡bi cÖavb cÖavb e„ÿ kvj I MRvwi; GQvov KoB, †iBbwU, Rviæj BZ¨vw` e„ÿI G e‡b R‡b¥ _v‡K| mgZjf~wgi cÖvK…wZK e‡bi KvQvKvwQ emwZ _vKvq G e‡bi Dci gvby‡li Pvc †e‡o hv‡”Q| d‡j cÖvK…wZK e‡bi cwigvY w`b w`b K‡g hv‡”Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ A‡bK ’vb ebk~b¨ n‡q c‡o‡Q| miKvwifv‡e Gme GjvKvq mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡”Q| RbM‡bi Askx`vwi‡Z¡i wfwˇZ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ’v‡b mvgvwRK ebvqb cÖwZwôZ n‡”Q| G e‡bi kvj KvV LyeB DbœZgv‡bi n‡q _v‡K| M„n wbg©vY, AvmevecÎ ˆZwi I Ab¨vb¨ wbg©vY Kv‡R kvj Kv‡Vi e¨envi Kiv nq| G e‡bi eb¨ cÖvYx cÖvq aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q| eZ©gv‡b †Kv_vI †Kv_vI Aí msL¨K †bK‡o, nwiY, evbi, mvc, NyNy, †`v‡qj I kvwjK †`Lv hvq|

wPÎ 12.1.1: ebf~wgi Ae ’vb I we Í…wZ Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki ebv‡j (cvnvwo eb, mgZjf~wgi eb, g¨vb‡MÖvf eb, mvgvwRK eb)

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 218 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

g¨vb‡MÖvf eb Lyjbv, mvZÿxiv I ev‡MinvU †Rjvi `wÿ‡Yi we Í…Z GjvKv g¨vb‡MÖvf e‡j cwiwPwZ | evsjv‡`‡ki `wÿY-cwðg †Kv‡Y G eb Aew ’Z| cÖZ¨n mvgyw`K †Rvqv‡ii cvwb‡Z G eb cøvweZ nq e‡j G‡K ‡jvbv cvwbi ebI ejv nq| †Rvqvi †aŠZ eb Lyjbv, cUzqvLvjx, †bvqvLvjx I PÆMÖvg A‡ji G DcK~jxq eb¸wj evsjv‡`‡ki me©vwaK Drcv`bkxj ebf~wg| cÖwZevi †Rvqv‡ii mgq G ebf~wg mgy‡`ªi cvwb‡Z cøvweZ nq| GLvbKvi wPimeyR MvQ¸wji Av‡Q evqyg~j Ges eskwe Ívi RivqyR ai‡bi| my›`ix QvovI cïi, †MIqv, †KIov, KuvKov, evBb, ay›`yj, Avgyi I WvKzi `je×fv‡e R‡b¥| DcK~jxq cvwbi †Nvjv‡U fve I jeYv³Zv †mLvbKvi cÖRvwZ¸wji web¨vm I ˆewkó¨ wbqš¿Y K‡i| my›`ieb QvovI Mv‡½q eØx‡ci A‡bK¸wj PiB g¨v‡MÖv‡fi Mfxi e‡b XvKv, †bB ïay my›`ix| b`xi cwj R‡g IVv Zxi I dvU‡jB Gme cÖRvwZ `ªæZ †e‡o I‡V| b`x I Lv‡ji cv‡o †Vmg~jxq cÖRvwZi cÖvavb¨ †`Lv hvq| my›`ix e„‡ÿi bvgvbymv‡i G e‡bi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q my›`ieb| G e‡bi AwaKvsk Dw™¢‡`i DaŸ©gyLx evqexi g~j i‡q‡Q| hvi mvnv‡h¨ Giv k¦mb wµqvi Rb¨ Aw·‡Rb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| KviY Rjve× gvwU †_‡K mvaviY g~‡ji c‡ÿ Aw·‡Rb MÖnY m¤¢e bq| weL¨vZ i‡qj †e½j UvBMvi G e‡b evm K‡i| wPZvevN, nwiY, evbi, ARMimn wewPÎ iK‡gi cvwL I KxU-cZ½ G e‡b evm K‡i| my›`i e‡bi b`x I Lv‡j Kzwgi I Ab¨vb¨ RjR cÖvYx evm K‡i| cÖwZ eQi my›`ieb †_‡K cÖPzi gay I †gvg cvIqv hvq| my›`i eb evsjv‡`‡ki HwZn¨evnx eb| c„w_exi me©v‡cÿv eo I m¤ú`kvjx g¨vb‡MÖvf eb n‡jv G my›`ieb| Ge‡bi †gvU AvqZb 6000 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi|

mvgvwRK eb mvgvwRK ebvqb e¨e ’vcbvq RbmvaviY mivmwi m¤ú„³ _v‡K| RbM‡Yi ¯Z¡td~Z© AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK Kj¨v‡Y †h ebvqb Kg©m~wP ev ÍevwqZ nq, Zv‡KB mvgvwRK ebvqb ejv nq| mvgvwRK ebvqb n‡jv Ggb eb e¨e ’vcbv ev Kg©KvÛ hvi mv‡_ cwjøi `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| Gi gva¨‡g DcKvi‡fvMx RbMb R¡vjvbx, Lv`¨, cïLv`¨ I RxweKv wbe©v‡ni my‡hvM †c‡q _v‡K| evsjv‡`k miKvi Rb¥v jMœ †_‡KB mvgvwRK ebvqb Kg©m~wP MÖnY K‡i‡Q| G‡Z RbmvaviY mivmwi AskMÖnY Ki‡Q Ges DcK…Z n‡”Q| eZ©gv‡b †`‡ki cÖvq mKj moK, gnvmoK I †ij jvB‡bi cv‡k mvgvwRK ebvqb Kg©m~wP cÖeZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| e„ÿ‡ivcb I msiÿ‡Yi e¨vcv‡i mgevq wfwËK Kvh©µg ev ÍevwqZ n‡”Q| cÖavbZ DuPy I gvSvwi DuPzRwg‡Z mvgvwRK eb cÖwZwôZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv: 1| Rbmvavi‡Yi †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv| 2| `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv Ges `vwi`¨ª we‡gvPb| 3| cwZZ Rwg, emZwfUv, moK, †ijc_, euva, Lvj wej I b`xi cv‡o, wewfbœ iKg cÖwZôv‡bi ebvqbI cwi‡ek msiÿY Kiv | 4| cïLv`¨, kvKmewR, djg~j, †flR I we‡bv`‡bi Rb¨ eb m„RbKiv | 5| eb Drcvw`Z KuvPvgvj MÖvgxY KzwUi wk‡í mieivn Kiv I RbM‡Yi Rb¨ Kg©ms ’v‡bi e¨e ’v Kiv| 6| cÖvK…wZK fvimvg¨ iÿv, cwi‡ek `~lY †iva,f~wgÿq †iva Kiv I giæwe Ívi †iva Kiv| 7| M„nwbg©vY I Avmevec‡Îi Rb¨ Kv‡Vi †RvMvb `vb I R¡vjvwb Kv‡Vi NvUwZ c~iYKiv |

K…wl eb K…wl ebvqb n‡jv †Kvb Rwg †_‡K GKB mg‡q ev ch©vqµwgKfv‡e wewfbœ MvQ, dmj I cïcvwL Drcv`b e¨e ’v| mvaviYfv‡e K…wl ebvqb n‡”Q GK ai‡bi m¤§wZ f~wg e¨e ’vcbv c×wZ| G‡Z K…wl dmj, cï, grm¨ Ges Ab¨vb¨ K…wl e¨e ’v mn‡hv‡M eû el©Rxex Kvôj Dw™¢ Rb¥v‡bvi e¨e ’v Kiv nq| A_©vr K…wl ebvqb n‡”Q GKB f~wg/f~LÛ †_‡K K…wl dmj Ges ebR `ªe¨ hyMcr wKsev ch©vqµwgKfv‡e Drcv`b Kiv| cwi‡ek euvPv‡bv, R¡vjvwb mieivn, KuvV I wk‡íi KuvPvgvj mieivn evov‡bvi Rb¨ wek¦e¨vcx K…wl e‡bi cÖmvi NU‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡kI eZ©gv‡b K…wl ebvqb c×wZi h‡_ó Dbœqb NU‡Q|

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 12

ebvqb c„ôv 219

K…wl ebvq‡bi ˆewkó¨ 1| ˆewPΨgq Dw™¢ I dm‡ji mgvnvi N‡U weavq Drcv`b SzuwK K‡g hvq| 2| GKB Rwg evievi e¨envi K‡i AwaK Drcv`‡bi e¨e ’v Kiv hvq| 3| mvgvwRK I cwi‡ekMZ MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv ev‡o| 4| dmj Lvgvi gvwjK, wgkÖ Lvgvi gvwjK I eb evMvb gvwj‡Ki Pvwn`v c~iY nq| 5| cÖvwšÍK f~wgR m¤ú` e¨envi nq| 6| ’vbxq DcKiY e¨env‡i my‡hvM _v‡K| 7| Lvgv‡ii Drcv`b ’vwqZ¡kxj nq d‡j Kg©ms ’vb ev‡o| K…wl ebvqb : c×wZ I cÖKvi 1| K…wl Z…Yeb : dm‡ji †Rvo Pvl nq I gv‡S gv‡S ebR Mv‡Qi Drcv`b Kiv hvq| 2| Z…Yeb : wgkÖ Lvgvi n‡q _v‡K| cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ cïLv`¨ Drcv`bKiv| 3| dmj-eb : wewfbœ ’v‡b wewfbœ MvQ I AvšÍtdmj mg¤‡q MwVZ| cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ Lv`¨ I cïLv`¨

Drcv`bKiv| 4| K…wleb grm¨ Lvgvi : wgkÖ Lvgvi Kiv hvq| DuPz wbPz mgš‡q Lvgvi ’vcb Ki‡Z nq| dmj Drcv`bKvix

Dw™¢ I grm¨ Drcv`b Kiv hvq| K…wle‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv 1| dmwj Rwgi eûwea e¨envi K‡i Drcv`b SuywK Kwg‡q Avbv| 2| GjvKv wfwËK K…wl evRvi ˆZwi K‡i MÖvgxY RbRxe‡b A_©‰bwZK mg„w× Avbqb| 3| K…wl Drcv`b e„w× Kiv| 4| gvwUi-DŸ©iZv e„w× Kiv Ges gvwUÿq †iva Kiv| 5| cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLv I cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM cÖwZ‡iva Kiv| 6| DbœZ K…wl cÖhyw³i e¨envi Kiv| 7| weivU Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Ri e¨e¯’v Kiv I `vwi`ªª ª nUv‡bv 8| K…wl M‡elYvi djvdjwfwËK Dbœqb‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv| 9| cïLv`¨ Drcv`b Ges cï cvwL I DcKvix KxU cZ‡½i wbivc` Avevm ˆZwi Kiv| 10| Lv‡`¨i Pvwn`v c~iY I ˆe‡`wkK gy ª©v AR©b Kiv|

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mvims‡ÿc

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I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 220 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-12.2

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K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 12

ebvqb c„ôv 221

• eb msiÿY wewa

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gyL¨ kã eb msiÿY wewa, eb¨ cÖvYx AvBb, Aa¨v‡`k, eb`my

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¸iæZ¡c~Y© m¤ú`| ebf~wgi Gme MvQcvjv I eb¨ cÖvYxi g‡a¨ wbweo AvšÍtm¤ú©K weivRgvb| †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y Gi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU ÿwZMÖ Í n‡j Ab¨¸‡jv Avcbv-Avcwb aŸsm n‡q hvq| †Kv‡bv A‡j bZzb ebvÂj m„wó ev miKvwi ebv‡j †_‡K MvQ KvUv, AcmviY, cwienb BZ¨vw` wel‡q mywbw`©ó AvBb ev weavb i‡q‡Q| Gme AvBb ev weavb‡K eb wewa ev eb AvBb ejv nq| ebf~wgi mKj m¤ú` msiÿY I e¨ve ’vcbvi Rb¨ G Dcgnv‡`‡k 1927 mv‡j eb msiÿY AvBb Kiv nq hv eb ÒAvBb, 1927Ó bv‡g cwiwPwZ| cieZx©‡Z evsjv‡`k miKvi 1990 mv‡j G AvB‡bi wewfbœ ms‡kvabx Avbqb K‡i hv Òeb AvBb (ms‡kvab), 1990Ó bv‡g cwiwPwZ| G AvB‡bi ci A‰ea eb aŸs‡mi cÖeYZv K‡g e‡U wKš‘ cy‡ivcywi †iva Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| myZivs 1990 mv‡ji G AvBb‡K mgq Dc‡hvMx Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`q| djkÖæwZ‡Z 1996 mv‡j G AvB‡bi AviI wKQz ms‡kvabx Avbv nq| G AvBb e‡j ebR m¤ú` msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wKQz wewawb‡la Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gme wewawb‡la j½‡bi Rb¨ kvwšÍi weavb i‡q‡Q| G QvovI evsjv‡`k miKvi ebwewa e‡j AviI hv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Zv n‡jv| 1. miKvwi cÖÁvcb Rvwii gva¨‡g †Kvb ebf~wg‡Z msiwÿZ eb MV‡bi wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| 2. G cÖÁvcb e‡j ÿwZMÖ ’ e¨w³ ev Ab¨‡Kv‡bv `vwe`vi cÖÁvcb cÖKv‡ki ZvwiL n‡Z b~b¨Zg wZbgvm Ges

AbwaK Pvi gv‡mi eb Kg©KZ©vi wbKU wjwLZfv‡e wb‡R nvwRi n‡q ÿwZi we ÍvwiZ D‡jøL K‡i Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. miKvi GKBfv‡e cÖÁvc‡bi gva¨‡g wbw`©ó ZvwiL n‡Z msiwÿZ †Kv‡bv eb ev Zvi Ask we‡kl msiwÿZ, iwnZ G g‡g© wb‡`©k cÖ vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

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cvV-12.3

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 222 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

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K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 12

ebvqb c„ôv 223

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cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-12.3

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ

1| Dcgnv‡`‡k eb msiÿY AvBb Kiv nq- K) 1993 L) 1927 M) 1925 N) 1930 2| eb AvBb f‡½i me©wb¤œ kvw Í KZ eQ‡ii †Rj- K) 10 gvm L) 8 gvm M) 7 gvm N) 6 gvm wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 3bs I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI AwaKvsk bvMwiK eb I eb¨ cÖvYx Ges cwi‡ek iÿvi AvBb m¤‡Ü AeMZ bq| GgbwK Zviv AvBb j½‡bi kvw Í m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y©B AÁ| 3| 1973 mv‡ji cÖYxZ nh hv AwfwnZ- K) ebf~wg AvBb L) ebf~wg wewagvjv M) ebcÖvYx msiÿb Aa¨v‡`k N) eb`my ‡`i cÖwZnZ AvBb| 4| eb AvBb j½‡bi kvw Íi weavb Kvh©Ki K‡ib- K) we`y r Av`vjZ L) cwi‡ek Av`vjZ M) †K›`ªxq Av`vjZ N) 1g †KwRi g¨vwR‡÷U Av`vjZ 5| eb welqK AvBb G ch©šÍ KZevi ms‡kvwaZ nq- K) GKevi L) `yBevi M) wZbevi N) Pvievi

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 224 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

• eb bvm©vwi

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb- • eb bvm©vwi wK ej‡Z cvi‡eb • eb bvm©vwii aib e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • wewfbœ eb bvm©vwii ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • eb bvm©vwii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • Av_©mvgvwRK †cÖÿvc‡U bvm©vwii Ae`vb we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã eb bvm©vwi, cwj e¨vM, †eW bvm©vwi, KvwUs I †gv_v

eb bvm©vwi

evsjv‡`‡k K…wli jvfRbK †h me †m±i i‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ bvm©vwi †ckv Ab¨Zg| ‡h RvqMvq PvivMvQ Dৎcbœ K‡i Ab¨ †Kv_vI †ivc‡Yi AvM ch©šÍ Zv cwiPh©v I i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv nq, Zv‡K bvm©vwi e‡j| AvwfavwbK A‡_© ebR bvm©vwi n‡jv Pviv Mv‡Qi Avjq ev Pvivjq| AvaywbK c×wZ AbymiY K‡i GKwU Av`k© bvm©vwi †_‡K my ’mej I my›`i Pviv cvIqv m¤¢e| bvm©vwi‡Z exR †_‡K Pviv Drcv`b Kiv nq| Avevi AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z Kjg †_‡KI DbœZgv‡bi Pviv Drcv`b Kiv nq| eb bvm©vwi e¨emvi †gŠmzg n‡jv ˆekvL †_‡K Avwk¦b gvm ch©šÍ| el©vKv‡j Pviv mn‡RB evu‡P Ges `ªæZ eo nq| GRb¨ G mg‡q Pviv †ewk wewµ nq| kxZKv‡j Pviv eo nq bv Ges Mi‡gi w`‡b Pviv ïwK‡q g‡i hvq| g~jZ Avlvp, kÖveY I ˆR¨ô gv‡m fvj wewµ nq| G e¨emvi gva¨‡g Aemi mg‡q Aí RvqMvq †ewk Pviv Drcv`b I wewµi gva¨‡g fv‡jv UvKv Avq Kiv m¤¢e|

wPÎ: 12.4 : eb bvm©vwii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

AvazwbK K…wl‡Z bvm©vwii ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| bvm©vwi Qvov K…wl KvR Am¤ú‚Y©B ejv P‡j| Gi cÖavY KvR n‡jv Pviv Drcv`b I Pvivi hZœ †bqv| Z‡e cÖK…Zc‡¶ bvm©vwi‡Z exR Drcv`b, AsMR Pviv Drcv`b, wewfbœ †ivcb `Öe¨ msMÖn I msi¶Y, RvZ Drcv`b, ¶Y ’vqx Mv‡Qi e¨e ’vcbv, ’vqx Mv‡Qi I exR Drcv`bKvix gvZ…Mv‡Qi mwVK cwiPh©v Kiv BZ¨vw` Kg©KvÛ Kiv nq| bvm©vwi †Kej DbœZgv‡bi exR I Pvivi mieivnB wbwðZ K‡ibv RbM‡bi Kg©ms ’vmn cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨I i¶v K‡i| †h GjvKvq fvj bvm©vwi Av‡Q †m GjvKvq MvQ-cvjvi mieivn †ekx _v‡K| d‡j gvby‡li kvwiixK I gvbwmK ¯v ’¨ fvj _v‡K| bvm©vwii A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡I A‡bK| †QvU †QvU bvm©vwi †_‡K eQ‡i jvL jvLUvKv Avq Kiv m¤¢e| KviY GK eM©wgUvi RvqMvq K‡qK nvRvi Pviv Drcv`b Kiv hvq| A‡bK Pviv weµ‡qi Dc‡hvMx Ki‡Z gvÎ 3/4 mßvn mgq jv‡M| AvMvg Pviv Drcv`b Ki‡Z cvi‡j jvfI

cvV-12.4

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 12

ebvqb c„ôv 225

K‡qK¸b †e‡o hvq| GKwU fvj bvm©vwi †_‡K Aí mg‡q cÖPzi A_© DcvR©b Kiv hvq| ZvB bvm©vwi ’vcb K‡i wb‡R jvfevb nIqv hvq, cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶v Kiv hvq Ges †`k‡K mg…×kvjx K‡i M‡o †Zvjv hvq| AviI †hme Kvi‡Y bvm©vwi Acwinvh© Zvn‡jv-

1. wewfbœ eq‡mi Piv wecYb I weZi‡Y myweav nq| 2. mgqg‡Zv DbœZgv‡bi my ’mej I eo Pviv cvIqv hvq| 3. ¯íe¨‡q A‡bK Pviv cvIqv hvq| 4. Kg cwikÖg I Kg Li‡P Pviv Drcv`b Kiv hvq| 5. A‡bK Pviv GKmv‡_ cwiPh©v Ki‡Z myweav nq| 6. Ggb A‡bK exR i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv MvQ †_‡K S‡i covi 24 NÈvi g‡a¨ †ivcb Ki‡Z nq| Gme cÖRvwZi Rb¨ bvm©vwi GKvšÍ Acwinvh©| †hgb- MR©b, kvj, ivevi, †Zjmyi cÖf…wZ

Av_©mvgvwRK †cÖÿvc‡U bvm©vwii Ae`vb 1. bvm©vwi e¨emv K‡i A‡bK †jv‡Ki A_©‰bwZK mg„w× Av‡m| 2. bvm©vwi‡Z Drcvw`Z Pviv w`‡q miKvwi I †emiKvwi ebvqb Kiv nq| 3. bvm©vwi‡Z ebR, djR I Jlwa Dw™¢‡`i Pviv Drcv`b K‡i Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU weµq Kiv nq| Gi d‡j e„ÿvqb e„w× cvq| 4. DcK~jx meyR †eóbx ‰Zwi‡Z bvm©vwi‡Z Drcbœ Pviv †ivcb Kiv nq| 5. bvm©vwi‡Z KvR K‡i A‡b‡K RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i|

eb bvm©vwii aib bvm©vwi wewfbœ ai‡bi nq †hgb- 1. ga¨g wfwËK bvm©vwi 2. ’vwqZ¡ wfwËK bvm©vwi 3. A_©‰bwZK wfwËK 4. e¨envi wfwËK

1. gva¨gwfwËK bvm©vwi Avevi `yB ai‡bi

K. cwje¨vM bvm©vwi G ai‡bi bvm©vwi‡Z cwje¨v‡M Pviv ‰Zwi Kiv nq| cwje¨vM mn‡R miv‡bv hvq e‡j Pviv Liv, e„wó I `y‡h©vM †_‡K iÿv Kiv hvq| MvQ †_‡K Mv‡Q msµgY Kg nq| G c×wZ‡Z wbweofv‡e Pvivi hZœ †bIqv hvq|

L. †eW bvm©vwi bvm©vwi ˆZwii I c×wZ‡Z mivmwi gvwU‡Z †eW ˆZwi K‡i Pviv Drcv`b Kiv nq| G bvm©vwi‡Z GK mv‡_ Aí RvqMvq AwaK msL¨K Pviv ˆZwi Kiv hvq| d‡j ex‡Ri AcPq Kg nq| `ªyZ ea©bkxj Pviv Drcv`b fv‡jv nq| KvwUs I †gv_v †_‡K Pviv Drcv`b mnR nq| Pviv Drcv`b †e‡Wi gvwU De©i n‡Z nq|

2. ’vwqZ¡ wfwËK bvm©vwi `yB ai‡bi †hgb- K. ’vqx bvm©vwi t G ai‡bi bvm©vwi‡Z eQ‡ii ci eQi Pviv D‡Ëvjb Kivi my‡hvM _v‡K| ’vqx bvm©vwii myweav n‡jv bvm©vwii Rb¨ mwVK ’vb wbe©vPb Kiv hvq| wMÖb nvDR I exRvMvi wbg©vY Kiv hvq Z‡e g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †ewk nq| Pvivi cwienb LiP †ewk nq|

L. A ’vqx bvm©vwi t G bvm©vwi‡Z Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Pviv Drcv`b Kiv nq| AmyweavUv n‡jv G ai‡bi bvm©vwi msiÿ‡Yi †eM †c‡Z nq|

3. A_©‰bwZK wfwˇZ bvm©vwi `yB ai‡bi †hgb-

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 226 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

K. Mvn© ’¨ bvmv©wi t G cÖKv‡ii bvm©vix e¨w³MZ ev cvwievwiK cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi j‡¶¨ ¯íRvqMvq e¨w³ Zvi wbR evwo‡Z ˆZix K‡i _v‡K| G‡Z e¨w³ Zvi cÖ‡qvRbAbzhvqx dzj, dj ev ebR Pviv D‡Ëvjb K‡i| L. e¨emvwqK bvm©vwi t ‡QvU Pviv ev Kj‡gi Pviv D‡Ëvjb K‡i weµ‡qi Rb¨ †h bvm©vix ’vcb Kiv Zv‡K e¨emvwqK bvm©vix e‡j|

4. e¨envi wfwËK bvmv©wi Dw™¢‡`i e¨env‡ii Dci wfwË K‡i G ai‡bi bvm©vwi Kiv nq| †hgb- †gnMwb, †m¸b, †iBbwÆ Mv‡Qi Pviv Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ ˆZwi bvm©vwi|

wkÿv_©xi KvR wewfbœ cÖKvi eb bvm©vwii MVb I ˆewkó¨ ch©v‡jvPbv c~e©K GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ ‘Z K‡i wbR wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡Q Dc ’vcb Ki|

\

mvims‡ÿc

my ’mej I my›`i Pviv †c‡Z Aek¨B bvm©vwi cÖ‡qvRb| GQvovI K…lK bvm©vwii gva¨‡g A_©‰bwZKfv‡e e¨vcK DcK…Z n‡Z cv‡ib| Avgv‡`i K…wlcÖavb †`k †m‡nZz MvQcvjv †ivcY I cwiPh©vi welq mevi Kg‡ewk aviYv Av‡Q| ZvB bvm©vwi‡Z wewb‡hvM GKwU mnR c`‡¶c ejv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| Rwg wbe©vP‡bi †¶‡Î †h welqwU †`L‡Z n‡e †mwU n‡jv mzwb®‹vwkZ I DuPz Rwg wbe©vPb Kiv| hv‡Z cvwb R‡g bv _v‡K| †`vAvuk gvwU bvm©vwi †eW ˆZwi‡Z DËg| cÖPzi cwigv‡Y Av‡jv evZvm Av‡Q Ggb Rwg bvm©vwii Rb¨ †ek Dc‡hvMx|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-12.4

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ 1| cwje¨vM bvm©vwi †Kvb ai‡bi bvm©vwii AšÍ©MZ- K) †eW bvm©vwi L) ga¨gwfwËK M) ¯’vwqZ¡ bvm©vwi N) Mvn© ’ bvm©vwi 2| e¨envi wfwËK bvm©vwii Drcvw`Z Pviv wb‡¤œi †Kvb Dw™¢‡`i exR n‡Z Drcv`b Kiv nq? K) †m¸b L) †eZ M) d‡ji MvQ N) Jlwa Dw™¢ wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 3bs I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI iwng mv‡ne Zvi bvm©vwi‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi ebR Pviv Drcbœ K‡i _v‡Kb| cvwievwiK cÖ‡qvR‡b wewfbœ mgq d‡ji Pviv I Kv‡Vi PvivI ˆZwi K‡ib|

3| ’vwqZ¡ wfwËK bvm©vwii Rb¨ †KvbwU mwVK? K) mwVK ’vb wbe©vPb Kiv hvq L) g~jab Kg jv‡M M) Pviv cwienb LiP Kg N) mviv eQi Pviv cvIqv hvq bv 4| cvwievwiK cÖ‡qvR‡b d‡ji Pviv I Kv‡Vi Pviv ˆZwi nq? K) e¨envi wfwËK bvm©vwi L) Av ’vqx bvm©vwi M) cwje¨vM bvm©vwi N) Mvn© ’ bvm©vwi

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 12

ebvqb c„ôv 227

• eb bvm©vwii exR I Pviv Drcv`b †KŠkj

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb- � eb bvm©vwii exR I Pviv wK ej‡Z cvi‡eb| � eb bvm©vwii exR I Pviv Drcv`b †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| � eb bvm©vwii ˆZwii †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| � eb bvm©vwii fv‡jv exR I Pvivi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| � ebR Dw™¢‡`i exR msMÖn I msiÿY wbqg e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã exR, evQvB, cW, K¨vcwmDj, exR msiÿY, bvm©vwi †eW

eb bvm©vwii exR ebR Dw™¢‡`i exR msMÖn I msiÿY

exR n‡jv Dw™¢‡`i cÖavb esk we Ívi‡K DcKiY| fv‡jv Pviv †c‡Z fv‡jv exR cÖ‡qvRb| G Rb¨ wbw`©ó ¸Yv¸b m¤úbœ gvZ…MvQ †_‡K exR msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| msM„nxZ exR AvniY †_‡K †ivc‡bi c~e© ch©šÍ mwVK c×wZ‡Z msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e| mwVKfv‡e msiÿY Kiv bv n‡j exR †cvKv-gvKo, QÎvK I e¨vK‡Uwiqv cÖf„wZ w`‡q AvµvšÍ nq| d‡j ex‡Ri gv‡bi AebwZ nq| A¼y‡iv`Mg ÿgZv K‡g hvq| ZvQvov exR wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z cixÿv K‡i Gi ¸Yv¸Y wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e| exR‡K mwVKfv‡e cÖwµqv Ki‡Yi ci evRviRvZKiY I weZiY Kiv `iKvi| G cv‡V Avgiv wbe©vPb, exR msMÖn, c×wZ, exR msiÿY c×wZ, exR cixÿv I exR ecb c~e©eZx© cÖwµqvKiY m¤ú‡K© Rvbe|

gvZ…MvQ wbe©vPb t ga¨ eqmx, my ’mej, †ivMgy³ Ges AwaK dj Drcv`bKvwi MvQ‡K wbe©vPb| wbe©vwPZ Gme MvQ †_‡K Dchy³ mg‡q exR msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡`i †`‡k exR gvZv MvQ GK ev GKvwaK Drm n‡Z kbv³ K‡i exR msMÖn Kiv nq| †hgb- 1) wbR I Ab¨ GjvKvi K…l‡Ki evwo 2) cvK© ev evMvb GjvKv ev ebvÂj 3) iv Ívi cv‡ki e„ÿ 4) wewfbœ ’vqx bvm©vwi, cÖf„wZ fv‡jv Pviv Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ DËg ¸Yv¸Y m¤úbœ gvZ…MvQ †_‡K exR

msMÖn Kiv Acwinvh©|

exR msMÖn c×wZ

mvaviYZ yBfv‡e MvQ †_‡K exR msMÖn Kiv nq|

• f~wg n‡Z exR msMÖn t exR cvKvi ci hLb wKQz exR gvwU‡Z c‡o ZLb exR msMÖ‡ni Dchy³ mgq| exR cvKvi ga¨eZx© mg‡q G exR msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| †hme Mv‡Qi dj †c‡K dv‡U bv Ges exR Qwo‡q c‡o bv †mme exR G c×wZ‡Z msMÖn Kiv nq| †m¸b, MR©b, kvj, K`g, wcZivR, †Zjmyi cÖf…wZ Dw™¢‡`i exR f~wg †_‡K msMÖn Kiv hvq|

cvV-12.5

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 228 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

• MvQ †_‡K dj I exR msMÖn t G c×wZ‡Z exR msMÖ‡ni †ÿ‡Î hLb dj cwic° n‡e ZLb `v ev Qzwi w`‡q Mv‡Qi †QvU †QvU Wvj †K‡U mivmwi MvQ n‡Z exR msMÖn Kiv nq| †QvU †QvU exR hv gvwU‡Z co‡j A‡bK ~i ch©šÍ Qwo‡q hvq d‡j gvwU‡Z n‡Z mivmwi msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| †m me exR G c×wZ‡Z msMÖn Kiv nq| ‡hgb-

K) cW RvZxq - eveyj, KoB, L) K¨vcwmDj-†gnMwb, Pv¤úv, M) †Kvb-cvBb|

MvQ †_‡K dj I exR msMÖ‡ni ci †iv‡` ïKv‡Z n‡e| Gici cW, K¨vcmyj ev †Kvb dvwU‡q exR c„_K Ki‡Z n‡e|

exR wb®‹vkb t dj msMÖn Kivi ci exR¸‡jv‡K kvm, AveR©bv, †Lvmv BZ¨vw` †_‡K c„_K KivB n‡jv exR wb®‹vkb| exR wb®‹vk‡bi cÖavb wZbwU c×wZ n‡jv-

1. evQvB c×wZ t †h me Mv‡Qi A¼z‡iv`MgKvj mswÿß A_©vr 4-7 w`b, Gme †ÿ‡Î evQvB c×wZ e¨envi nq| Gme Mv‡Qi †MvUv djB exR wnmv‡e ecb Kiv nq| †hgb-bvwi‡Kj, MR©b, kvj, †m¸b exR †iŠ‡` ïKv‡j A¼z‡iv`Mg ÿgZv ev‡o|

2. ïK‡bv c×wZ t Rviæj, Zzjv, Bwcj-Bwcj, †gbwRqvg, evejv †gnMwb, KoB Mv‡Qi exR ïK‡bv c×wZ‡Z wb®‹vkb Kiv nq| MvQ †_‡K dj †c‡o fv‡jv K‡i †iv‡` ïKv‡Z nq| dj †d‡U hLb exR †ewi‡q Av‡m, ZLb gvovB K‡i exR wb®‹vkb Kiv nq|

3. cPb c×wZ t G c×wZ‡Z dj cvwb‡Z cPv‡bvi ci exR †ei Kiv nq| †hgb- Avg, KuvVvj, †ZuZyj, †cqviv BZ¨vw` Zvi c‡i evZv‡m ïKv‡Z nq|

exR msiÿY t MvQ †_‡K exR msMÖ‡ni ci cieZx© ecb ch©šÍ exR msiÿY Kiv nq| mwVK c×wZ‡Z exR msiÿY bv Ki‡j ex‡Ri ¸Yv¸Y bó n‡q hvq| d‡j ex‡Ri gv‡bi AebwZ nq| †hgb- MR©b, kvj, †m¸b, Pvcvwjk, †Zjmyi cÖf…wZ Mv‡Qi exR ¸`vgRvZ Ki‡j A¼y‡iv`Mg ÿgZv nvm cvq| Gme Mv‡Qi exR 24 N›Uvi g‡a¨ Aek¨B ecb Ki‡Z n‡e| exR A‡cÿvK…Z nvjKv K‡i wQwU‡q ¸`vgRvZ Kiv Avek¨K| exR me mgq ïK‡bv ivL‡Z n‡e| A‡cÿvK…Z VvÛv I ﮋ ’v‡b exR ivL‡Z n‡e| ZvcgvÎv I Av ©ªZv wbqš¿Y QvovB exR †Lvjv Ae ’vq ivLv nq| Av ª©Zv wbqš¿Y K‡i ¯vfvweK ZvcgvÎvq Ges †iwdªRv‡iUi G exR msiÿY Kiv hvq|

eb bvm©vwi ‰Zwii †KŠkj ’vqx I A ’vqx Dfq bvm©vwi ˆZwii Rb¨B cÖ‡qvRb myô cwiKíbv I wKQz wbqgbxwZ|

’vqx bvm©vwi

evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ Pviv Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ ’vqx bvm©vwi cÖwZôv Kiv nq| eb wefvM, nwU©KvjPvi, weGwWwmi D`¨vb, cÖvB‡fU bvm©vwi †K›`ª ‡jv ’vqx bvm©vwi| ’vqx bvm©vwi ’vc‡bi we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jv n‡jv| 1. ’vb wbe©vPb t Av‡jv evZvmc~Y© †Lvjv †gjv DuPz f~wg n‡e| el©vi cvwb D‡V bv Ges Rjve×vZv nq bv Ggb RvqMv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| De©i †e‡j †`vAvuk ev †`vAvuk gvwU m¤úbœ n‡e| DbœZ †hvMv‡hvM I cvwbi myô e¨e ’v ivL‡Z n‡e| ch©vß Rwg I kÖwgK cvIqv hvq Ggb RvqMv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| 2. bvm©vwii RvqMvi cwigvY wbY©q t GK eM©wgUvi mxW †eW ev cU †e‡Wi RvqMv wbY©q

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 12

ebvqb c„ôv 229

wPÎ: 12.5.1: Pviv Drcv`b †KŠkj

cwje¨v‡Mi AvKvi cÖwZ eM wgUv‡i Pvivi msL¨v 15 †m.wg.× 10 †m.wg. 18 †m.wg.× 12 †m.wg. 25 †m.wg.× 15 †m.wg.

65 wU 45 wU 26 wU

mxW †e‡W wkKo Pviv n‡Z Pvivi ~iZ¡ cÖwZ eM© wgUv‡i Pvivi msL¨v 5 †m.wg.× 5 †m.wg. 18 †m.wg.× 12 †m.wg. 25 †m.wg.× 15 †m.wg.

400 wU 200 wU 100 wU

3. †eW wbg©vY t AwbóKvix RxeRš‘I c_Pvix‡`i nvZ †_‡K Pviv MvQ iÿv Kivi Rb¨ †eov †`Iqv `iKvi| ’vqx bvm©vwi‡Z †eov †`Iqvi DcvqK -

K) B‡Ui †`qvj t ’vqx bvm©vwii Pvi w`‡K DuPz B‡Ui †`qvj wbg©vY K‡i †eov †`Iqv hvq| L) KuvUv Zv‡ii ‡eov t ’vqx bvm©vwi‡Z KuvUv Zv‡ii †eov mn‡R †`Iqv hvq| M) †jvnvi Rv‡ji †eov t †jvnvi Rvj LyuwUi mv‡_ †eu‡a w`‡q †eovi cvk w`‡q RxešÍ MvQ jvMv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| KuvUv Zv‡ii †eovi g‡Zv G †eov‡ZI wZb ai‡bi LyuwU 2 wgUvi AšÍi AšÍi e¨envi Kiv hvq| N) RxešÍ Mv‡Qi †eov t `~išÍ, KvuUv †g‡n`x, †g›`x, †Xvj Kjgx cÖf…wZ RxešÍ MvQ w`‡q bvm©vwii Pvi w`‡K ’vqx †eov †`Iqv hvq|

4. f~wg Dbœqb

bvm©vwi ’vb wbe©vP‡bi ci ciB Dbœq‡bi KvR Ki‡Z nq| bvm©vwi †eo ˆZwii ’vb DËgiƒ‡c cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| gvwU ˆZwii mgq e„wó ev †m‡Pi cvwb hv‡Z uvov‡Z bv cv‡i †m Rb¨ gvwU Xvjy I †Wb Ki‡Z n‡e| f~wgi gvwU †`vAvuk ev †e‡j-‡`vAvuk n‡Z n‡e|

5. Awdm I AvevwmK GjvKv

bvm©vwii Awdm NiwU cÖavb iv Ívi cv‡k g~j †M‡Ui Kv‡Q Aew ’Z nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| Awdm I AvevwmK GjvKv Pviv Drcv`b GjvKvi evB‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| bvm©vwi GjvKvi wfZ‡i Avevmb wVK bq|

6. we`y Zvqb t ’vqx bvm©vwi‡Z we y ‡Zi e¨e ’v _vKv fv‡jv| G‡Z bvm©vwi iÿYv‡eÿY myweav nq|

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 230 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

7. iv Ív I c_ bvm©vwi‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki Rb¨ GKwU cÖavb iv Ív _vKv Avek¨K| cÖavb iv ÍvwU cwiKwíZfv‡e bvm©vwii wfZ‡ii c_¸‡jvi mv‡_ hy³ _vK‡e|

8. †mP e¨e ’v bvm©vwi‡Z Pviv D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ cvwb cÖ‡qvRb| †m Rb¨ bvm©vwi ’vc‡bi ïiæ‡ZB DËg †mP e¨e ’v wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

9. b`©gv I bvjv t bvm©vwi‡Z cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi mye¨e ’v Aek¨B wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| G Kvi‡Y cÖ‡qvRbxq b`©gv I cvk¦©bvjvi e¨e ’v ivL‡Z n‡e|

10. bvm©vwi eøK t bvm©vwii Pviv D‡Ëvj‡bi ’vb‡K K‡qKwU eø‡K fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K eøK‡K Avevi K‡qKwU mxW †eW ev cU †e‡W fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K eø‡K 10-12 wU ‡eW _vK‡Z cv‡i| wMÖb nvDR †mW ivLvi RvqMv, Kg‡cv÷ ‰Zwii MZ©, gvwU ivLvi ’vb BZ¨vw`I myweavg‡Zvfv‡e wewfbœ eø‡K fvM K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| 11. bvm©vwi †eW : †eW mvaviYZ yB iKg n‡Z cv‡i-

K) mivmwi exR ecb K‡i Pviv D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ †eWt G Rb¨ Rwg fv‡jv K‡i cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| Rwgi gvwUi †Kv`vj ev jv½j w`‡q Ki‡Z n‡e| me iKg AvMvQv bywo cv_i cwi®‹vi K‡i fv‡jv K‡i Pvl w`‡q Rwg ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| AZtci RvqMv Abyhvqx wbw ©ó 1 wgUvi 3 wgUvi 20 †mwg AvKv‡i †eW ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| †eW ˆZwii ci cÖ‡qvRbxq †Mvei ev Kg‡cv÷ I ivmvqwbK mvi wgwk‡q K‡qKw`b †i‡L †`Iqvi ci exR ecb Ki‡Z n‡e|

L) cwje¨v‡M Pviv D‡Ëvj‡bi Rb¨ †eW ˆZwi t G‡ÿ‡Î gvwU‡Z Pvl Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| †Kej `ywU †e‡Wi ga¨eZx© ’v‡bi gvwU Zy‡j †eW‡K 10-15 †m.wg. DuPz K‡i DcwifvM mgvb Ki‡Z nq| Gici †e‡Wi avi ˆZwi Kiv nq| Z‡e bvm©vwi ’v‡bi cÖ‡hvR¨Zv Abyhvqx †e‡Wi AvKvi †QvU eo n‡Z cv‡i|

wkÿv_©xi KvR `j wfwËK (cuvP m`m¨ wewkó) wkÿv_x©iv ’vbxq GKwU bvm©vwi ch©‡eÿY Ki Ges wKfv‡e gvZ…MvQ wbe©vPb, exR msMÖn c×wZ I eb bvm©vwi ˆZwi Kiv nq; †m wel‡q GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi K‡i K¬v‡m Dc ’vcb Ki|

mvims‡ÿc

bvm©vwi‡Z fvj Pviv Drcv`b Kivi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g cÖ‡qvRb fvj exR| G‡ÿ‡Î ga¨ eqmx, my ’mej, †ivMgy³ Ges AwaK djbkxj gvZ…MvQ wbe©vPb Kiv AZxe Riæwi| cvkvcvwk Dchy³ Dcv‡q exR msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e| MvQ †_‡K exR msMÖ‡ni ci cieZx© ecb ch©šÍ exR msiÿY Kiv hvq| mwVK c×wZ‡Z exR msiÿY e¨ZxZ ex‡Ri Avkvbyiƒc gvb cvIqv m¤¢e bq|

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 12

ebvqb c„ôv 231

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-12.5

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

1| exR wb®‹vk‡bi cÖavb c×wZ KqwU? K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 2bs I 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI DËie‡½ cÖwZwôZ Ònviæb ebR bvm©vwiiÓ gvwjK Rbve nviæb wgqv| wZwb cwje¨v‡M AwaKvsk Pviv Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î wZwb exR AcPq I cPb c×wZ‡Z exR wb®‹vk‡bi cÖwZ we‡kl bRi iv‡Lb| 2| 15 × 10 †m.wg. AvKv‡ii cwje¨v‡Mi cÖwZ eM©wgUvi Pvivi msL¨v KZwU K) 72wU L) 65 wU M) 50 wU N) 40 wU

3| cPb c×wZ‡Z exR wb®‹vkb Kiv nq †KvbwUi? K) Zzjv L) Rviæj M) Avg N) kvj

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 232 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

• e„ÿ KZ©b I KvV msMÖn, Kv‡Vi cwigvY

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

� e„ÿ KZ©‡bi wbqgvewj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| � Zv ev KvV msiÿ‡Yi c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| � †Mvj KvV ev Zv cwigvc c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| � e„ÿ KZ©b I KvV msMÖ‡ni Dc‡hvwMZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã e„ÿ KZ©b I Ave©Zb Kvj, KvV wPivB, †Mvj KvV, fwjDg

e„ÿ KZ©b I KvV msMÖn e…¶ eûel©Rxex Kvôeûj Dw™¢`| Kvôeûj Dw™¢ hvi gvwU †_‡K mz úó kxl© cÖKUZv wewkó GKwU GKK

cÖavb KvÛ A_ev uwo †_‡K eûwef³ AcÖavb kvLv weKwkZ nq Zv‡K e…¶ e‡j | wKQz †jL‡Ki g‡Z c‚Y© weKwkZ Ae ’vqe…‡¶i b ‚bZg D”PZv 3 wgUvi †_‡K 6 wgUvi nIqv DwPZ| Avevi wKQz †jLK Mv‡Qi Kv‡Ûi b ‚bZg e¨vm wba©viY K‡i‡Qb 10 †mwg| Ab¨vb¨ Kvôeûj e…¶, hviv G kZ© ‡jv c‚iY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, †hgb kvLvwšZ cÖavb KvÛ A_ev †QvU AvK…wZi MvQ‡K ¸j¥ ejv nq| Ab¨vb¨ Dw™¢‡`i Zzjbvqe…¶ `xN©Rxex nq, †Kvb †Kvb MvQ nvRvi eQiI †eu‡P _v‡K Ges 115 wgUvi ch©šÍ `xN© n‡Z cv‡i| A_©‰bwZK cÖ‡qvR‡b †hgb e„ÿ †ivcY Ki‡Z nq †Zgwb GKB Kvi‡Y e„ÿ KZ©b Ki‡Z n‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ Mv‡Qi AveZ©bKvj †kl n‡j MvQ KZ©b Kiv n‡q _v‡K| MvQ KvUv I Zv †_‡K KvV msMÖn Kivi welq h‡_ó ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| G Rb¨ wewfbœ c×wZMZ †KŠkj Rvbv `iKvi| G cwi‡”Q‡` Avcwb e„ÿ KZ©‡bi mgq I wbqgvewj, Zv cwigvc c×wZ, e„ÿKZ©b I KvV msiÿ‡Yi Dc‡hvwMZv m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf I `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡eb| e„ÿ KZ©b mgq ev AveZ©bKvj cwic° nIqvi Av‡MB e„ÿ KZ©b Ki‡j fv‡jv gv‡bi KvV cvIqv hvq bv| e„‡ÿi Pviv †ivcY †_‡K ïiæK‡i †h mg‡q e„‡ÿi e„w× me©vwaK nq Ges MvQ cwic°Zv jvf K‡i e¨envi Dc‡hvMx nq, †m mywbw`©ó mgqKvj‡K AveZ©bKvj ev KZ©b mgq e‡j| eb e¨e ’vcbvq e„‡ÿi AveZ©bKvj‡K wZb fv‡M evM Kiv n‡q _v‡K| h_v- 1| `xN© AveZ©bKvj t RvZxq KvV I axi ea©bkxj cÖRvwZmg~n ïaygvÎ, KvV Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ 40-50 eQi AveZ©bKv‡j KvUv nq| †hgb- †gnMwb, MR©b, Rviæj, kxjKoB, †m¸b,Rvg, †Zjmyi, Pvcvwjk, KvVvj, kvj, BZ¨vw`|

2| gvSvwi AveZ©bKvj t AvswkK KvV cÖ vwq cÖRvwZmg~n LuywU I Kv‡Vi Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ 20-30 eQi AveZ©bKv‡j KvUv nq| †hgb- P›`b, wkï, †iwÛ, L‡qi KoB, Mvgvi, niZKx, QvwZqvb BZ¨vw`|

3| ¯í AveZ©b Kvj t †h me Mv‡Qi KvV big Ges yZ ea©bkxj R¡vjvwb KvV, cï Lv`¨ I gÛ Drcv`‡b e¨eüZ nq, †mme Dw™¢‡`i KZ©b mgq Kg nq| †hgb- evejv, K`g, †KIov, evBb, wkgyj, AvKvkgwb, †ZwjK`g, SvD BZ¨vw`|

cvV-12.6

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 12

ebvqb c„ôv 233

e„ÿ KZ©‡bi wbqgvewj t

1| MvQ KvUvi c~‡e© Wvjcvjv †Q‡U wb‡q MvQ wbqwš¿Zfv‡e †dj‡Z myweav nq|

2| hZUv m¤¢e MvQ gvwUi KvQvKvwQ KvU‡Z n‡e| KviY Mv‡Qi †Mvovi AskUv †ewk †gvUv nq| G As‡k Kv‡Vi gvbI fv‡jv _v‡K|

3| MvQ me mgq KivZ w`‡q KvU‡Z n‡e| G‡Z Kv‡Vi AcPq cyivcywi †iva Kiv m¤¢e| cÖ_‡g †h w`‡K MvQ‡K †di‡Z n‡e †mw`‡K KivZ w`‡q KvU‡Z n‡e|

4| KvUv As‡k wLj ev Kv‡Vi UzKiv XywK‡q w`‡q cieZx©‡Z Av‡Mi g‡ZvB wecixZ w`‡K KivZ w`‡q KvU‡Z n‡e| G‡Z MvQ Kvw•LZ w`‡K co‡e| KvUv MvQ gvwU‡Z covi ci LwÛZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e Kx Kv‡R KvV e¨envi Kiv n‡e Zvi wfwˇZ cwigvc wba©vwiZ Ki‡Z n‡e| LwÛZ †Mvj Ask‡K ejv nq jM| G jM‡K KivZ K‡j wb‡q wM‡q e¨envi Dc‡hvMx wPivB Kv‡V cwiYZ Kiv nq| †PivB Kv‡Vi ‰`N©, cÖ ’ I cyiæZ¡ _v‡K| †PivB Kv‡Vi cÖ ’ 15 †m.wg. Gi †ewk n‡j Ges cyiæZ¡ 4 †m. wg. n‡j Zv‡K ejv nq Z³v|

5. MvQ KvUvi mgq †h w`‡K MvQ co‡e cÖ_‡g Kyovj w`‡q gvwUi 10 †m.wg. Dc‡i †mB w`‡K `yB-Z…Zxqvsk KvU‡Z n‡e| cieZx©‡Z KvUv n‡e wVK G KvUvi wecixZ w`‡K 10 †m.wg. Dc‡i| Gfv‡e MvQ KvU‡j MvQ‡K mywbw ©ó w`‡K †djv m¤¢e nq| G‡Z cvk¦©eZx© Mv‡Qi ÿwZ Kg nq| Kzovj/KivZ Dfq e¨envi K‡i MvQ KvUv †ek myweav RbK|

wPÎ :12.6.1: MvQ KvUvi `„k¨

†Mvj KvV I wPivB Kv‡Vi cwigvY c×wZ t

MvQ KvUvi ci hw` †m MvQ‡K LuywU wnmv‡e e¨envi Kiv bv nq Z‡e Zv wPivB Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigv‡ci KvV ‡ei Ki‡Z n‡e| ‡MvjKv‡Vi ev j‡Mi mwVK AvqZb ev fwjDg wbDU‡bi m~‡Îi mvnvh¨ †ei Ki‡Z nq|

m~ÎwU Giƒc t

fwjDg = 0.08× (†eW 1)2+4×(†eW 2)2+(†eW 3)2

6

GLv‡b, †eo 1 = wPKb cÖv‡šÍi †eo †eo 2 = j‡Mi gvSLv‡bi †eo

†eo 3 = †gvUv cÖv‡šÍi ‡eo

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 234 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

D`vniY tGKwU kvjMv‡Qi jM 6 wgUvi `xN©| GwUi wPKb gv_vi †eo 1.50 wgUvi, gvSLv‡bi †eo 2.0 wgUvi Ges †gvUv gv_vi †eo 2.5 wgUvi| jMwUi mwVK AvqZb ev fwjDg KZ?

mgvavb : fwjDg = 0.08× (†eW 1)2+4×(†eW 2)2+(†eW 3)2

6

NbwgUvi 66

522 4(1.5 0.08 ×

+×+×=

.)

NbwgUvi 6612 0.08 ××=

fwjDg = 0.96 NbwgUvi

Z³v ev †PivB Kv‡Vi fwjDg gvcv mnR| †PivB KvV/Z³vi ˆ`N© , cÖ ’ Ges cyiæZ¡ Rvbv _vK‡j AwZ mn‡RB Gi fwjDg †ei Kiv hvq| GKwU cwigvd wdZvi mvnv‡h¨ AwZ mn‡RB GK LÛ †PivB Kv‡Vi ‰`N© , cÖ ’ I cyiæZ¡ gvcv hvq| Zvici wb‡¤i m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ fwjDg wbY©q Kiv hv‡e|

wkÿv_©xi KvR GKwU †Mvj KvV I wPivB KuvV wb‡q `j MVb wfwˇZ Dnvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki I DcvËmg~n LvZvq wjwce× Ki|

mvims‡ÿc

mwVK Dcv‡q I Dchy³ mg‡q e„ÿ KZ©‡bi d‡j DbœZ gv‡bi KvV cvIqv m¤¢e| e„ÿ KZ©‡bi mgq I wbqgvewj, KvV msiÿY c×wZ, KvV cwigvc c×wZ I KvV msiÿ‡Yi wewfbœ †KŠkj Avgv‡`i ev ÍweK Rxe‡b AZxe cÖ‡qvRbxq| Mv‡Qi †Mvovi As‡ki KvV A‡cÿvK…Z fvj gv‡bi n‡q _v‡K|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-12.7

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœt 1| wmwmG ªe‡Y †µvwgK A·vB‡Wi cwigvY KZ? K) 47.5% L) 37.5% M) 89.5% N) 41.5% 2| KvV ïKv‡j Gi AvqZ‡bi wK iƒc cwieZ©b nq? K) K‡g L) ev‡o M) AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K N) †KvbwUB bvq wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 3bs I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI ‡bvgvb wmRwbs c×wZ‡Z Kv‡Vi Av`©ªZv Kwg‡q Zv msiÿY Kiv e¨e¯’v wb‡jb| wKQz `yB eQi ci wZwb Kv‡Vi wfZi cwieZ©b jÿ¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡jb| 3| wmRwbs c×wZ‡Z Kv‡Vi Av`ª©Zv wK cwigvY K‡g? K) 12% L) 20% M) 25% N) 30% 4| gvwUi KZ †mwg Dc‡i MvQ KvU‡j m‡e©v”P cwigvY KvV cvIqv hv‡e? K) 7 L) 10 M) 6 N) 9

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 12

ebvqb c„ôv 235

• KvV msiÿY c×wZ

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

� Z³v ev KvV msiÿ‡Yi c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| � e„ÿ KZ©b I KvV msMÖ‡ni Dc‡hvwMZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| � KvV wmwRwbs I wUU‡g›U wK eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã wmRwbs, wUU‡g›U, N„b‡cvKv, Gqvi WvBs, wmwmG, wKjb c×wZ

KvV msi¶Y gvby‡li Rxeb hvÎvi ai‡bi Dci wbfikxj| Avm‡j m…Rbkxjfv‡e KvV msi¶Y I cÖvK…wZK fv‡e KvV cÖwµqvRvZKiY wewfbœ ms¯‹…wZi gvbz‡li Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨Kxq wQj| hLb KvV wmRwbs I wUU‡g›U

c×wZ wQjbv ZLb gvbzl‡K KvV msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ A‡bK cwikÖg Ki‡Z nZ| cÖhzw³i DrKl©Zvq Avgv‡`i‡K KvV msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ GLb GZ Kó Ki‡Z nq bv| Kv‡Vi ’vwqZ¡ `xN©vwqZ Kivi Rb¨ KvV‡K e¨envi Dchy³ Kiv ev wmRwbs Kiv nq| evu‡ki ¯’vqxZ¡ `xN©vwqZ Kivi Rb¨I mwVKfv‡e cÖwµqvRvZ Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq| GgZve ’vq KvV ev evuk‡K wmwRwbs K‡i KwZ©Z KvV ev euv‡ki ¸YMZgvb I ’vqxZ¡Kvj †ek K‡qK¸Y ch©šÍ e„w× Kiv m¤¢e| G cv‡V Avcwb KvV msiÿY c×wZ I KvV msiÿ‡Yi Dc‡hvwMZv m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf I `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

KvV wmRwbs I wUU‡g›U wfRv ev KuvPv KvV †_‡K Av ©ªZv AcmviY A_ev KvV ﮋKiY nj KvV wmRwbs I wUªU‡g›U| Av`ª©Zv Kv‡Vi Af¨šÍ‡i gy³ cvwb wn‡m‡e A_ev †KvlcÖvPx‡i ivmvqwbKfv‡e Ave× cvwb wn‡m‡e _v‡K| Av`ª©Zvi cwigvY 30 kZvs‡ki †ewk n‡j †m KvV‡K mvaviYZ KuvPv KvV ejv nq| RxešÍ Ae ’vq e„‡ÿi Rb¨ cvwb Acwinvh© n‡jI KvUvi ci KwZ©Z e„‡ÿ cvwbi cwigvY hZ Kg _vK‡e KvV ZZ †ewk wUK‡e| cvwbi cwigvY hw` KvV IR‡bi 12% G bvwg‡q Avbv hvq Zvn‡j a‡i wb‡Z n‡e Kv‡Vi ¸YMZ gvb m‡e©vËg n‡e| wmRwbs ev †UKmBKi‡Y Kv‡Vi ¸YMZ gvb I ’vwqZ¡ e…w× cvq| Dchz³ wmRwbs Kv‡Vi Avqz®‹vj evovq Ges ¶wZKi KxUcZ½ I AYzRx‡ei AvµgY †_‡K KvV‡K evuPvq| we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k cÖPwjZ wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK I K…wÎg wmRwbs‡qi g‡a¨ we‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨ evqy wmRwbs , ev®ú I cvwb wmRwbs Ges ev®úxq, ivmvqwbK, †mŠifvuwU I fvuwU Øviv ﮋKiY Avi eyjUb wmRwbs | g~jZ: wmRwbs‡K `yBfv‡e Kiv hvq-

1. Gqvi WvBs evqy wmRwbs c×wZ‡Z KvV cÖvK…wZK evqy I Zv‡c †Lvjv RvqMvq ev Qvqvq `xN© mgq †i‡L †`Iqv nq| GwU GKwU wPivPwiZ c×wZ Ges G‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy‡Z 25 wgwjwgUv‡ii AwaK PIov †MvjvKvi I †PivB KvV cy‡iv GKwU kxZ FZzmn Kgc‡¶ GK eQ‡ii Rb¨ †d‡j ivL‡Z nq| cvZjv KvV, Z³v, †evW©, R¡vjvwb KvV mvaviYZ †Kej ZvovZvwo ïKv‡bvi Rb¨ mivmwi †iv‡` ivLv nq| AZ¨šÍ †UKmB I k³ Kv‡Vi Rb¨B evqy wmRwbs jvfRbK, c¶všÍ‡i nvjKv KvV cÖvqB QÎvK, †cvKv I †gvì Øviv Avµvš— nq Ges mgvbfv‡e wmRwbs m¤¢e nq bv| Z‡e nvjKv cvZjv †PivB Kiv KvV cÖLi †iv‡` ïKv‡j KvV †d‡U ev †eu‡K †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB G¸‡jv‡K gvwU †_‡K 30-40 †mwg DuPz‡Z Qvqvq ¯Í‡i ͇i ïKv‡Z nq|

cvV-12.7

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 236 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

wPÎ : 12.7.1: Gqvi WvBs

2. wKjb c×wZ wKjb c×wZ‡Z GKwU eo cvKv evqywbi‡cÿ K‡ÿ Kv‡Vi Z³vi Mv‡q bv jv‡M Ges `y‡Uv Z³vi ga¨eZx© ’vb w`‡q evZvm PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i| AZci evqywbi‡cÿ K‡ÿ cÖ_‡g Rjxqev®ú cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q Kv‡Vi cvwbi cwigvY e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e| cieZx©‡Z Zvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i †m Kÿ †_‡KI GKB mv‡_ KvV †_‡K cvwb †ei K‡i †bqv nq| mvaviYZ †ewk KvV GKmv‡_ wmRb Kivi Rb¨ wKjb c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq| G c×wZ‡Z KvV‡K wZb mßv‡ni g‡a¨ wmRwbs K‡i cvwbi cwigvY 12% G bvwg‡q Avbv hvq| Z‡e cÖRvwZ‡f‡` wmRwbs Gi mgq Kg †ewk n‡Z cv‡i|

KvV msiÿY ivmvqwbK `ªe¨vw` cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g KxUcZ‡½i AvµgY †_‡K KvV, KvVRvZ ªe¨vw` I Avmev‡ei Kv‡Vi ÿq, cPb ev ÿwZ †iva Kiv hvq| KvV mvaviYZ QÎvK (mv`v cPb, ev`vwg cPb I †Kvgj cPb PÎvK), KxUcZ½, (DB‡cvKv, weUj, NyY‡cvKv), mvgyw ªK GK ai‡bi wSbyK Ges Ab¨vb¨ bvbv cÖwµqvq ÿwZMÖ ’ nq| Ggb †Kv‡bv GKK msiÿK †bB hv msiÿ‡Y me¸wj Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z cv‡i| KvVmsiÿK n‡Z cv‡i ˆZjR, Zij e ‘ A_ev GKwU wgkÖY| wµ‡qv‡mvU, †c›Uv‡K¬v‡iv‡dbj I ˆZjR ˆRemsi¶K GKmgq evsjv‡`‡k Kv‡Vi LyuwU, Lv¤v I †ijI‡q w ¬cvi msi¶‡Y e¨en„Z n‡Zv| AvRKvj wµ‡qv‡mvU ïayB †ijI‡q w øcvi msiÿ‡Y e¨eüZ n‡”Q| wmwmG bv‡gi ivmvqwbK `e¨wU msiÿYx wnmv‡e Avgv‡`i †`‡k me‡P‡q †ewk e¨eüZ nq| wmwmG msiÿYwU 3wU Dcv`v‡bi mg¦š‡q MwVZ| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †µvwgK A·vBW 47.5%, Kcvi A·vBW 18.5%, Av‡m©wbK †c›Uv A·vBW 34| Dcv`vb¸‡jv c„_K c„_Kfv‡e wK‡bI AvbycvwZK nv‡i wgwk‡q wgkÖY ˆZwi Kiv hvq| cvwb‡Z wgkÖYwU 2.5% `ªeY ˆZwi Kiv nq| `ªeYwU we‡kl Pvc c×wZ‡Z Kv‡Vi g‡a¨ XzKv‡bv nq| cÖwZ NbdzU Kv‡V mvaviYfv‡e 0.4 cvDÛ msiÿYx cÖ‡qv‡Mi mycvwik Kiv nq| G c×wZ‡Z KvV msiÿ‡Yi 7 w`b ci e¨envi‡hvM¨ n‡e| wmwmG msiÿYx w`‡q msiwÿZ KvV cPb cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z cv‡i| DB‡cvKvi AvµgYI cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z mÿg| GQvovI evsjv‡`‡k e¨eüZ wewfbœ c×wZi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ‡aŠZKiY, cÖ‡jcb, wQUv‡bv I Zi‡j Wzev‡bv, wfRv‡bv, Mig-VvÛv cÖevn, e¨vcbwµqv I PvccÖ‡hvM| †MvUv Kv‡Vi Dci PvccÖ‡qvM msi‡ÿ‡Ki †f`¨Zv ev iÿYÿgZvi w`K †_‡K m‡e©vrK…ó Ges evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ evsjv‡`‡k e¨eüZ nq| G c×wZ‡Z Kv‡Vi Af¨šÍi cÖ_‡g evqyk~Y¨ K‡i msiÿK `ªe‡Y Pvc w`‡q Zv Kv‡Vi k~Y¨ †Kvl¸wj‡Z fivU Kiv nq|

wPÎ:12.7.2: Pzev‡bv c×wZ wPÎ: 12.7.3: cÖvYim wePz wZ c×wZ

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 12

ebvqb c„ôv 237

e„ÿ KZ©b msiÿ‡Yi Dc‡hvwMZv MvQ jvMv‡bv I `xN© †gqvw` cwiPh©vi gva¨‡g †m¸‡jv eo K‡i †Zvjvi wcQ‡b bvbv D‡Ï‡k¨ _v‡K| Z‡e †h D‡Ï‡k¨B MvQ jvMv‡bv †nvK bv †Kb mywbw`©ó AveZ©bKvj †k‡l cwic°Zv jvf Ki‡j MvQ KZ©b KivB †kÖq| KviY wbw`©ó mgq c‡i Mv‡Qi Kv‡Vi gvb bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov A‡bK mgq Mv‡Qi evKj †d‡U ev †ivMvµvšÍ n‡q ax‡i ax‡i Kv‡Ûi Af¨šÍi fvM‡K ÿwZMÖ Í K‡i _v‡K| ZvQvov MvQ KLb KvU‡Z n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i K‡qKwU wel‡qi Dci| †hgb- 1| KvV w`‡q Kx Kiv n‡e? 2| †Kvb cwigv‡ci KvV cÖ‡qvRb? 3| Kx gv‡bi KvV cÖ‡qvRb? 4| GLbB UvKvi cÖ‡qvRb wKbv? 5| MvQ AviI eo n‡q cvk¦©eZx© GjvKv Wvjcvjvq †Q‡q †h‡Z cv‡i wKbv? 6| S‡o Mv‡Qi Wvj †f‡O ev MvQ Dc‡o ’vcbv ev Rvbgv‡ji ÿwZi KviY n‡Z cv‡i wKbv? 7| MvQ †Kvb we‡kl †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q wKbv? 8| Mv‡Qi AveZ©b Kvj †kl n‡q‡Q wKbv?

‡h Kvi‡YB MvQ KvUv †nvK bv †Kb wbw`©ó wbqg Kvbyb †g‡b KvU‡Z n‡e| MvQ I mwVK wbq‡g KZ©b Ges LwÛZ Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g AcPq †iva Kiv hvq| Avi e¨env‡ii Av‡M weÁvb m¤§Z msiÿY e¨e ’v MÖnY Ki‡j G¸‡jv‡K `xN© ’vqx Kiv hvq| e„ÿ m¤ú` Avni‡Yi †ÿ‡Î KZ¸‡jv wbqg AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv eb GjvKvq eQ‡i Kx cwigvY KvV e„w× cvq me mgq Zvi †P‡q Kg KvV AvniY Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j ebR m¤ú` msiwÿZ nq|

Kv‡Vi †cvKv

Kv‡Vi †cvKvi ÿwZmvab †_‡K cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq nj Kv‡V msiÿYg~jK Jlya cÖ‡qvM, KxUbvkK, wQUv‡bv, cvwjk jvwM‡q †fŠZ evav m„wó, KvV `ªæZ †Ku‡U wb‡q ïKv‡bv, cvwb‡Z RvM †`Iqv, KxU cÖwZ‡ivaK KvV e¨envi BZ¨vw`| NyY‡cvKv (Heterobostrychus, Sinoxylon, Dinoderus) (Bostrychidae: Coleoptera) ﮋ KvV AvµgY K‡i| G¸wj ïay †k¦ZmvicÖavb †KvgjKvV wQ ª K‡i Ges KvV gq`vi g‡Zv wgwn u‡ovq cwiYZ K‡i| Hoplocerambyx

spinicornis I Batocera (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) bv‡gi j¤v A¨vbwUbvwewkó KwZcq†cvKv Kv‡Vi wfZ‡i wQ ª K‡i Ges G wQ`ª Kiv myo½¸wj mvaviYZ Kv‡Vi u‡ovq f‡i _v‡K| Kv‡c©›Uvi ex (Carpenter bee) bv‡g cwiwPZ Xylocopa (Sylocopidae: Hymenoptera) evmv ˆZixi Rb¨ Kv‡V myo½ evbvq| †ek wKQz cÖRvwZi DB‡cvKv gvwU‡Z †d‡j ivLv, ¸`vgRvZ A_ev e¨eüZ n‡”Q Ggb KvV AvµgY K‡i cÖPzi ÿwZ K‡i|

wkÿv_©xi KvR wewfbœ cÖKvi KvV msiÿY †KŠkj wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡Q Dc ’vcb Ki| Kv‡V ÿwZ K‡i Ggb cuvPwU †cvKvi bvg wjL|

mvims‡ÿc

KvV wUU&‡g‡›Ui Ab¨Zg E‡Ïk¨ nj KvV‡K cPb I b‡ói nvZ n‡Z iÿv Kiv| G‡ÿ‡Î wmwmG ivmvqwbK `ªewU Avgv‡`i †`‡k AwZ cwiwPZ| Gi gva¨‡g KvV‡K Avcwb Nyb‡cvKv, Kv‡c©›Uvi ex, ÿwZKi Av‡_ª©v‡cvWv I KxUcZ½ BZ¨vw` n‡Z mn‡R gy³ †i‡L `xN©w`b msiÿY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 238 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-12.7

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

1| KvV msiÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Av`ª©Zv kZKiv KZ n‡j Zv m‡e©vËg n‡e?

K) 12% L) 13%

M) 14% N) 10%

2| †KvbwU KvV msiÿ‡Yi c×wZ bq?

K) Gqvi WªvBs L) wKjb WªvBs

M) dvqvi WªvBs N) wmRwbs

wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 3bs I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI

Gqvi WvBs, wKjb WvBs, dvqv WvBs BZ¨vw` nj KvV msiÿ‡bi wewfbœ c×wZ| Kv‡Vi ¸Yv¸Y bóKvix wewfbœ †cvKv †hgb-Nyb‡cvKv, Kv‡c©›Uvi ex cÖf„wZi nvZ n‡Z KvV‡K iÿv Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq ivmvqwbK `ªevw`|

3| Gqvi WvBs c×wZ‡Z KvV wmRwbs Ki‡Z mgq jv‡M

K) GK †gŠmy‡g L) `y& ‡gŠmyg

M) wZb †gŠmyg N) Pvi †gŠmyg

4| Kv‡Vi Nyb‡cvKv Øviv Kv‡Vi †Kvb Ask Avµvgwš^Z nq?

K) mvi Ask L) evKj

M) †d¬v‡qg I RvB‡jg N) †k¦Zmvi cÖavb †Kvgj KvV

5| KvV msiÿ‡Yi Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ivmvqwbK c`v_©

K) CCA L) Ethylene

M) CHO N) wKjb c×wZ

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 12

ebvqb c„ôv 239

• DcK~jxq ebvqb

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb- � DcK~jxq ebvq‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| � DcK~jxq ebvq‡b Rb¨ e¨eüZ Mv‡Qi ‰ewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z DcK~jxq ebvq‡bi Dc‡hvwMZv we‡kølY Ki‡Z

cvi‡eb| � DcK~jxq ebvq‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ Mv‡Qi ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã DcK~jxq ebvqb, mvB‡K¬vb, U‡b©‡Wv, c¨viv eb

DcK~jxq ebvq‡bi aviYv evsjv‡`k we‡k¦I me©cÖ_g mdj DcK~jxq ebvqbKvix †`k| DcK~jxq RbM‡Yi AviI AwaK myiÿv

cÖ v‡b Rb¨ evsjv‡`k eb wefvM DcK~jxq A‡j †R‡M IVv bZzb P‡i 1966 mvj †_‡K g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvqb ïiæ K‡i| eb wefvM KZ…©K DcK~jxq ebvq‡Yi mdjZv cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i miKvi DcK~jxq 12 jÿ 36 nvRvi GKi (cÖvq 5 jÿ †n±i) GjvKv ebvq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq Gi wbKU n ÍvšÍi I eb AvB‡bi 4 avivq msiwÿZ †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| eb wefvM 2016 mvj ch©šÍ cÖvq 2 jÿ †n±i (cÖvq 5 jÿ GKi) Piv‡j ebvq‡bi gva¨‡g bqbvwfivg DcK~jxq eb cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q Ges GwU we‡k¦i me©e„nr DcK~jxq ebvqb Kvh©µg|

DcK~jxq ebvq‡bi d‡j, nvRvi nvRvi †n±i Rwg Pvlvev` Ges emev‡mi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx n‡q I‡V| BwZg‡a¨ 112063 GKi (cÖvq 45,370 †n±i) Rwg dmj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ f~wg gš¿Yvjq‡K n ÍvšÍi Kiv n‡q‡Q| AviI cÖvq 50 nvRvi GK (cÖvq 202430 †n±i) ebvqbK…Z f~wg, f~wg gš¿Yvj‡qi Kv‡Q n ÍvšÍi Kivi A‡cÿvq Av‡Q| ZvQvovI g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvq‡bi cvkvcvwk DcK~jxq †Rjvmg~‡n bb-g¨vb‡MÖvf 8860 †n±i, †MvjcvZv 3190 †n±i, bvwi‡Kj 10 †n±i, GwiKv 40 †n±i, evuk I †eZ 280 †n±i, iv Ívi av‡i 4850 †n±i (iƒcvšÍwiZ) ebvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

m‡e©vcwi, meyR †eóbx wnmv‡e, DcK~jxq eb cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e NywY©So Ges R‡jv”Q¡vm mn cÖvK…wZK y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y jÿ jÿ Rxeb Ges m¤ú‡`i wecyj ÿqÿwZi nvZ †_‡K euvPvq| GQvovI, DcK~jxq ebvqb †bvqvLvjx, PÆMÖvg, K·evRvi, cUzqvLvjx I †fvjv DcK~jxq †Rjvq GKwU bZzb w`MšÍ D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Q| Ae ’vb: †bvqvLvjx, jÿxcyi, †fvjv, cUzqvLvjx, ei¸bv, wc‡ivRcyi, PÆMÖvg Ges K·evRvi †Rjvi DcK~jxq GjvKv| DcK~jxq GjvKvq †R‡M DVv Pi f~wg‡Z 1965 mvj †_‡K G eb m„wó Kiv n‡”Q| G eb‡K c¨viv ebI ejv nq| G eb N~wY©So I R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi ZxeªZv n‡Z DcK~jxq GjvKvi Rvb-gvj iÿv K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki DcK~jxq eYvÂj Av‡Q Ggb †Rjvi msL¨v 19wU|

cwigvY: cÖvq 1,96,000 †n±i hv †`‡ki AvqZ‡bi 1.36% Ges eb Awa`ßi wbqwš¿Z ebf~wgi 12.50%| Dw™¢ cÖRvwZ: †KIov, ‰Qjv, evBb, †MvjcvZv BZ¨vw`| cÖvK…wZK g¨vb‡MÖvf e‡bi gZ G eb †Rvqvi-fvUvq cøvweZ nq| eb¨cÖvYx: nwiY, †g‡QvevN, wkqvj BZ¨vw`| e‡bi cvwL: Kvjv‡jR †RŠivjx, †`wk MvOPlv, Kvjvgv_v Kv‡ ÍPiv, LqivcvL gvQivOv BZ¨vw`|

cvV-12.8

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 240 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

gvQ: G eb DcK~jxq grm¨ fvÛv‡iiI GKwU weivU Drm| †fUwK, cvi‡m, Mj`v, evM`v BZ¨vw`|

wPÎ: 12.8.1: DcK‚jxq ebvqb DcK~jxq ebvq‡bi Dc‡hvwMZv DcK~jxq ebvq‡bi gva¨‡g meyR †eóbx ˆZwi I Zv msiÿY Kiv †M‡j eûwea DcKvi mvwaZ n‡e| DcK~jxq cwi‡ek iÿv f~wgi De©iZv e„w×, N~wY©So, mvB‡K¬vb I U‡b©‡Wvi cÖ‡Kvc †_‡K DcK~jxq AÂj iÿv Kiv| R¡vjvwb I Lv‡`¨i Pvwn`v †gvUv‡bv, A_© DcvR©b, f~wgÿq †iva BZ¨vw` cÖ‡qvR‡bi DcK~jxq ebvqb m„wó I Zv iÿYv‡eÿY Kiv GKvšÍ Awcnvh©| c„w_ex weL¨vZ g¨vb‡MÖvf eb wnmv‡e L¨vZ G my›`ieb‡K iÿv Ki‡Z DcK~jxq mvfvbv †eóbx m„wói †Kv‡bv weKí †bB|DcK~jxq ebv‡ji Dc‡hvwMZv mg~n wewfbœ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K wb¤œiƒc Dcv‡q we‡kølY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| K) cwi‡ekMZ Dc‡hvwMZv 1. f~wgi jeYv³Zv nªvm K‡i cwi‡ek RxeK‡ji evm Dc‡hvMx Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| 2. G ebv‡ji e„ÿivwR DcK~j A‡ji f~wgÿq †iva K‡i| f~wgi De©iZv e„w× K‡i| f~-wb¤œ ’ cvwbi Íie„w×

K‡i| 3. DcK~jxq meyR †eóbx DcK~jxq A‡j m„wó mvgyw`ªK So, R‡jv”Q¦vm I mvB‡K¬v‡bi Kej †_‡K gvbyl I

RxeRš‘‡K iÿ K‡i| 4. G ebvÂj gvbyl, cvwL, RxeRš‘ I †cvKv-gvK‡oi wbivc` Avevm ˆZwi I iÿv K‡i Ges Lv‡`¨i †hvMvb

†`q| d‡j AÎ GjvKvi cwi‡ekMZ fvimvg¨ eRvq _v‡K| 5. f~wgam I So‡iva K‡i Ges e„wócvZ n‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| 6. DK~jxq ebvqb Avgv‡`i g~j¨evb cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`K my›`ieb I Gi RxeRš‘‡Z cÖvK…wZK y‡h©v‡Mi nvZ †_‡K

iÿv Ki‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| 7. cwi‡e‡ki Aw·‡Rb I Kve©b-WvB-A·vB‡Wi fvimvg¨ eRvq iv‡L, DËvc m„wó †iva K‡i Ges evZvm

cwi‡kvab K‡i|

L) bv›`wbK Dc‡hvwMZv DcK~jxq ebvq‡bi d‡j †h wbg©j meyR †eóbx ˆZwi nq Zvi bv›`wbK †mŠ›`h© Af~Zc~e©| G †mŠ›`‡h© AvK…ó

n‡q †`k-we‡`‡ki eû ågY wejvmx gvby‡li mgvMg N‡U| n‡iK iKg cïcvwLi Avevm ’j ˆZwi nq hv cwi‡e‡ki Amxg DcKvi mvab K‡i Ges bv›`wbKZvq beZi ms‡hvRb NUvq|

M) A_©‰bwZK Dc‡hvwMZv

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 12

ebvqb c„ôv 241

1. DcK~jxq ebv‡j e„ÿivwRi A_©‰bwZK Dc‡hvwMZv Acwimxg| G ebv‡j ågbKvix †`‡k-we‡`‡ki ch©UK‡`i gva¨‡g A_© DcvR©‡bi c_ m¤úªmvwiZ nq| hvi d‡j RvZxq A_©‰bwZK mg„w× Av‡m|

2. djR Dw™¢ †hgb- bvi‡Kj, †LRyi, Zvj, Kjv, Avg cÖf…wZ †_‡K Drcvw`Z dmj DcK~jxq gvby‡li Lv‡`¨i Pvwn`v c~iY K‡i Ges A_©‰bwZK Ae ’vi Dbœqb NUvq|

3. ebv‡j Drcvw`Z gay I †gvg †_‡K A_© DcvwR©Z nq| dj, dj I cj-e¸”Q †_‡K Lv`¨km¨, kvKmewR, cvwLi Lv`¨, cïLv`¨ cvIqv hvq|

wkÿv_©xi KvR DK~jxq ebvq‡bi cuvPwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨ LvZvq wjwce× c~e©K Zv wb‡q K¬v‡m GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Ki Ges cvkvcvwk DcK~jxq e‡b cÖvß e„ÿ mg~‡ni GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ ‘Z Ki|

mvims‡ÿc

evsjv‡`‡ki DcK~jxq 19wU †Rjvi g‡a¨ mvaviYZ DK~jxq ebvÂj i‡q‡Q| GwU †`‡ki `wÿbvÂj, `wÿYc~e©vÂj I `wÿY cwðgv‡j Aew ’Z|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-12.8

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ 1| evsjv‡`‡ki KqwU †Rjvq DcK~jxq ebvÂj i‡q‡Q?

K) 19wU L) 20wU M) 21wU N) 28wU

2| †Kvb †Rjvq DcK~jxq eb †bB?

K) cUzqvLvjx L) ei¸bv M) †fvjv N) ev‡MinvU

wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 3bs I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI

Avãyj nv‡mg Zvi eÜz‡`i wb‡q evsjv‡`‡ki `wÿ‡Y Aew ’Z DcK~jxq eb åg‡Y ‡M‡jb Ges wZwb jÿ¨ Ki‡jb †mLv‡b wbqwgZ †Rvqvi fvUv nq|

3| DcK~jxq ebf~wgi cwigvY KZ †n±i?

K) 1,97,000 L) 1,96,000 M) 1,95,000 N) 1,98,000

4| DcK~jxq eb †`‡ki †gvU AvqZ‡bi KZ Ask-

K) 1.36% L) 2.23% M) 1.47% N) 3.36%

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 242 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

• e¨envwiKt †Mvj KvV ev Z³v cwigvc

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

� Kxfv‡e †Mvj KvV wPivB Ki‡Z nq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb| � Kxfv‡e †Mvj Kv‡Vi cwigvY wbY©q Kiv nq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb| � Z³vi cwigvY wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb

MvQ KZ©‡bi ci me©cÖ_‡g Wvjcvjv †Q‡U Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK KvÛ‡K †K‡U UzK‡iv UzK‡iv Ki‡Z n‡e| G ai‡bi UzK‡iv‡K mvaviYZ jM ev †Mvj KvV ejv nq| G ˆ`N¨© cÖvq 2.5 n‡Z 4 wgUvi ch©šÍ n‡q _v‡K|

†Mvj KvV‡K A‡bK mgq evKj †Qu‡U Pvi‡Kvbv Kiv nq| wKš‘ GLv‡b wKfv‡e KvV wPivB Ki‡j me©v‡cÿv Kg KvV AcPq nq, †m wel‡qi jÿ¨ ivLv Avek¨K|

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Avgiv Rvwb GKwU wmwjÛv‡ii AvqZb = D r

2l

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myZivs Kv‡Ûi e¨vmva©, 0cm12

20cm

2

d r ===

= 0.10 wgUvi AZGe, Kv‡Vi cwigvY = D r

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= (3.1415 × (.10)2× 3) NbwgUvi = 0.0942 NbwgUvi `uvov‡bv Mv‡Q Kv‡Vi cwigvY wbY©q `uvov‡bv Mv‡Qi Kv‡Vi cwigvY m~Î e¨envi K‡i mvaviYZ wbY©q Kiv hvq|

m~Î t Kv‡Vi cwigvY (NbwgUvi) = ×+×+

×

63 eo† 4)2 eo(† 1 eo‡

0.08 ‰`N©

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY t K) wbe©vwPZ MvQ L) cwigvcK wdZv M) KvMR, Kjg BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri aviv 1. wbe©vwPZ Mv‡Qi Kv‡Ûi Kv‡Vi cwigvY Kivi Rb¨ w‡Îi gZ K‡i Kv‡Ûi ˆ`N© cÖ_‡g wdZv Øviv gvc‡Z n‡e| 2. Gevi Kv‡Ûi †gvUv, gvSvwi I wPKj cÖv‡šÍi †eo wdZv Øviv †g‡c wb‡Z n‡e| 3. me‡k‡l Dc‡ii m~Î cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

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3) 2 2)(1.5 1 0.08 ×

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= 206

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= 20

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DËigvjv

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