ecology population concept ecosystem concept example of ecosystem cycling and energy flow...
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ECOLOGYPopulation Concept
Ecosystem Concept
Example of ecosystem
Cycling and Energy flow
Inter-relationship
Succession
Population Concept
Factor affecting population growth
Growth curve
Survivorshio curves
Age pyramids
Factors affect population Birth rate (natality) Death rate (mortality) Time to reach sexual maturity Number of individual now Life span Migration Competition Predation Physical factor
Growth Curve
S-shaped curveJ-shaped curve
Popu
latio
n
Time
Popu
latio
n
Time
S-shaped CurvePo
pula
tion
Time
Lag
Log
Stationary
J- shaped Curve (algae)Po
pula
tion
Time
Nutrient added
Nutrient Used up
Survivorship CurvePo
pula
tion
Life span
Fish, crab
Most animal, plant
Man, large animal
Age pyramids
Growth of human population
Medical technologyAgricultural technologyLess natural disasterInsufficient birth control
Control of population
LegistrationEducationMedical method
Physical Barrier Contraceptive pill operation
Related Web site Ecology: Populations — Growth, range,
density, hyperlinks http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/Bio/BIO181/BIOBK/BioBookpopecol.html
Ecosystem Concept
HabitatPopulationCommunityEcosystemNicheBiomeBiosphere
Habitat
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Other
Niche = Role of that organismEach organism has specific niche. No two organisms have same niche.
Biome = abiotic + biotic factors + Climate
Biosphere = all in the earth
Related Web siteBiomes — Menus http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu
/glossary/gloss5/biome/index.htmlBiomes: World I — 12 biomes outlined http://pc65.frontier.osrhe.edu/hs/science/biome1.htm Biomes: World II — 11 biomes hyperlinked http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar
/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/main.html
ExampleRocky shore
Food chain
Producer
1st trophic
Primary consumer
2nd trophic
Secondary consumer 3rd tro
phic
Tertiary consumer 4th trophi
c
Food
Web
Food
Chain
Number pyramids
Tree grass
Death
Death, excrete
Death, excrete
Death, excrete
Respiration
RespirationRespiration
Respiration
Energy flow
Sun
Producer (green plant)
1st consumer (herbivores)
2nd consumer
3rd consumer
Deco
mpo
sers
Most energy lost
Water cycle
Carbon cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen fixing
Related Web siteCycles, Chains, Webs Biogeochemical Cycles — Carbon, nitrogen, water http://pc65.frontier.osrhe.edu/hs/science/bcycles.htm Food Chains, Webs, Cycles http://www.marietta.edu/~biol
/102/ecosystem.html#Energyflowthroughtheecosystem3 Food Pyramids
http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/9o.html
Interdependence of organisms
PredationCompetitionCommensalismMutualismParasitism
Predationnu
mbe
r
Time
prey
predator
Competitionnu
mbe
r
Time
Competitor A
Competitor B
Commensalism nu
mbe
r
Time
Host
Commensal
Mutualism nu
mbe
r
Time
symbionts
Symbionts
Parasitism nu
mbe
r
Time
Host
Parasite
Related Web siteCompetitive exclusion principle — Competition between species (Gau
ss) http://www.gypsymoth.ento.vt.edu/~sharov/PopEcol/lec11/inter.html
Preditor/Prey: Didinium, Paramecium http://www.hi.is/pub/haxi/ritgerdir/pop-ec.htm
Symbiosis I — types and discussionhttp://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm
Symbioses II — types and discussion
http://www.baylorhealth.com/proceedings/13_3/13_3_dimijian.htm
Succession
Ecological succession is process by which communities in the ecosystem change with time.
For forest succession:Lichen communityAlgae and mossesHerbs ShrubsTrees
Lichen community
Algae and mosses
Herb community
Shrubs community
Tree (Climax)
Fire succession
Related Web siteSuccession: Ecological I — Well done! Info
and illustrationshttp://library.thinkquest.org/17456/successionall.html
Succession: Ecological II — Forest Cycle http://www.connix.com/~harry/forest.htm