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Contents

IntroductiontoHamHill

EducationatHamHill

Introductiontotheeducationpack

HowtogettoHamHill

Backgroundinformation:

Mapshowingsuggestedlocationsforcarryingoutactivitiesandotherusefullocations

SUBJECT ACTIVITY OTHERSUBJECTLINKSHamHillhistorytourone GeographyHamHillhistorytourtwo GeographyKnowyourIronAgecommunitygame CitizenshipDiginaboxarchaeologistgame ArtandDesign

History:Localstudies,IronAgethroughtoVictorian

HamHillheritagetrail GeographyCompasstrails MathematicsOrienteering MathematicsMapreadingactivity Mathematics

Geography:Landscapestudiesandmapreading

HamHillgeographytour HistoryMinibeaststudies Mathematics&ArtanddesignMinibeastclassification MathematicsPlantsandhabitatsstudy ArtanddesignMammaltracking MathematicsOhDeer!Populationstudygame MathematicsHamHillbirdsstudy ArtanddesignSignsofSpringandsignsofAutumn ArtanddesignHamstonerockstudy History

Science:LifeprocessesandlivingthingsandRocks/geology

Rockcomparisonstudy HistoryCountrysidecodeinaction GeographyCitizenship:

HamHillrangertour History&GeographyScrappuppets History&CitizenshipWillowsculptures Geography&History

Artanddesign:

Shelterbuilding Citizenship&ScienceHistory EnglishGeography History&MathematicsScience Geography&Mathematics

KS3,4,5studyideas:

Citizenship GeographyNaturetrailHamHillwildlife ScienceStealthgames ScienceBlindfoldedassaultcourse English&PhysicalEducationScavengerhunt ScienceElimination ScienceParachutegames Science

Extraactivities:

HamHillwordsearch EnglishHamHillCountryParkManagementPlanHamHillGeologybookletRiskassessmentforeducationalactivities

Extraresources:

HamHillHeraldandotherleaflets

Introduction to Ham Hill

HamHillCountryParkisanimportantcountrysidesitetoallthosewhovisitit;itprovidespeoplewithalargegreenspacewithopenaccesstopursuevariousleisureactivitiessuchaswalking,picnicking,cycling,horseridingandmuchmore.ThepurposeofaCountryParkisexactlythat,toprovideaplacethathasanatural,ruralatmosphereforvisitorswhodonotnecessarilywanttogooutintothewidercountryside.

ButHamHillissomuchmorethanthat;ithasalongandfascinatinghistoryfromitsoccupationasBritainslargestIronAgehillfort,followedbytheRomanarmy,throughtothemedievalarea.ItisoneofthemostimportantgeologicallocalitiesinSomersetbecausetherocktypefoundhereissounique,andbecausemanygeologicalfeaturescanbeseenthenumerousexposures.ThegoldenHamstoneisoneofthereasonsforHamHill'sexcitingpastandit'scurrenthabitats.

ThereareawidevarietyofhabitatspresentonHamHill,someofwhicharearelicofextensivequarryingduringtheVictorianera,suchascalcareousgrasslandandrockyoutcrops.OthersarepresentmoreasaresultofHamHillbeingleftalonefornature;alandscapeprotectedfromdevelopment,suchaswoodlandsandmixedscrubthickets.HowevermuchofHamHillshabitatsarearesultoftheongoingmanagementoftheSouthSomersetDistrictCouncilRangerteam,whoworktoconserveHamHillshistoriccharacterandwildlifethatisassociatedwithvarioustypesofgrasslands,includingtraditionalhaymeadowsandgrazedpasture.

HamHillisnearly400acresinsize,andaswellasbeingavaluablerecreationalresource,itisprotectedbylawfortheareasofimportancementionedabove.MostoftheIronAgehillfortareaisprotectedataScheduledAncientMonument(SAM),mostofthelargesectionsofHamstonethatremainintactareconservedasaRegionallyImportantGeologicalSites(RIGS)and/oraSiteofSpecialScientificInterest(SSSI),andmuchofthegrasslandshavebeenenteredintoHigherLevelStewardshipSchemes.ThewholeofHamHillCountryParkisalsodesignatedbyNaturalEnglandasaLocalNatureReserve,whichgivesithigherprotectionasasite.

HamHillismanagedbyafulltimeCountrysideRangerteam,employedbySouthSomersetDistrictCouncil(SSDC)andadedicatedteamofVolunteerRangers.Therangersensurethattheyprotectandconservethegeology,archaeologyandecologyofHamHill,whilstalsomanagingtheCountryParkforthehugeamountandrangeofvisitorsitattracts.MuchofthelandisownedbySSDC,althoughsomeareasareownedbytheDuchyofCornwallandotherlocallandowners,andhasbeengiftaidedtoSSDC.

FormoreinformationaboutHamHillCountryPark,pleasevisittheHamHillwebsite:www.visitsouthsomerset.com/hamhillorlookattheHamhillHeraldandotherleaflets,whichareincludedinthispack.

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HamHillCountryPark,StokesubHamdon,Yeovil,SomersetTA146RW

Telephone:01935823617

Fax:01935822649

Email:hamhill@southsomerset.gov.uk

Website:www.visitsouthsomerset.com/hamhill

Education at Ham Hill

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Background:EducationalgroupsofallageshavebeenvisitingHamHillformanyyearsbothtostudythediversehistory,landscape,rocksandfloraandfauna,aswellastakingpartinorienteering,teambuildingactivitiesandnaturewalks.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenanincreaseddemandforrangerledvisitsforbothschoolsandcommunitygroups,andforimprovedfacilities.ThisledtothedevelopmentoftheHamHillCentrethatopenedin2006withfundingfromSouthSomersetDistrictCouncilandtheCleanawayFund,whichisabuildingthathousestheRangersOfficeandtheEducationCentre.

TheEducationCentre:isafacilitythatcanaccommodateupto40children,withdisabledaccesstoilets(pleasenote,therearefourtoiletsaltogether),interactivewhiteboard,HamHillartefactsanddisplays,arangeoffieldstudiesequipmentandbooks,andartsandcraftresources.Thecentreisusuallyusedasanopenroomwherechildrensitonthefloorasforthemajorityofvisitsmosttimeisspentoutside,howevertherearechairsandtablesincupboardsifnecessary.Thecentrecanbebookedalldayforeducationalvisitsallyearround,butpleasemakesurebookingsaremadewellinadvanceforthesummerterm.

HeritageLotteryFundProject:IncreaseddemandforrangerledsessionsatHamHillledtoasuccessfulfundingbidtotheHeritageLotteryFund,whichforathreeyearperiodfrom20072009fundedafulltimeEducationOfficerpostatHamHill.AswellasintroducingmoreschoolsandcommunitygroupstoHamHillCountryPark,thefundinghasbeenusedtodevelopanewwebsiteforHamHill,newleaflets,audiotrails,andthiseducationpack,inordertoallowteachersandgroupleaderstocontinueusingHamHillforeducationsessionslongintothefuture.

AccessibilityofHamHill:AspartoftheHeritageLotteryFundgrant,therehavebeenotherrecentimprovementsandadditionstoHamHillsfacilities,includingwheelchairaccessiblebarbequefacilitiesandbenches,anoutdoorclassroom(amphitheatrestyleseatingoutsidetheeducationcentre)andnewsurfacingoftheallabilitypath,whichleadstothewarmemorial.Anoffroadmobilityscooterisalsoavailableforhirefreeofcharge,shouldanyoneinyourgrouprequireit.

Rangerledsessions:Atthetimeofwritingthispack,itisunknownastowhethertherewillbeanEducationOfficerinpostinthefutureasthisissubjecttoexternalgrantfunding,whichifsuccessfulshouldbeconfirmedearlysummer2010.Shouldthisbeunsuccessful,therangerteamwillbeabletoleadaminimalamountofeducationalvisitsandwilltryandaccommodateyourgroupwherepossible.

QualityBadge:HamHillCountryParkstaffrealisetheimportanceofhighqualityandenjoyablelearningexperiencescoupledwithahighstandardofhealthandsafety.HamHillhasbeenaccreditedbytheCouncilforLearningOutsidetheClassroom,bybeingawardedwiththeQualityBadge,whichwillbecomeanationalbenchmarkfortheprovisionofeducationalvisits.Teachers/groupleaderscanbeassuredthateducationproviderswiththeQualityBadgeofferswhatitsaysonthetin,takesaccountoftheneedsofusers,hasanemphasisonlearning/skillsoutcomesandoperatesinahealthyandsafeenvironment.

Introduction to the education pack

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Afascinatingandvariedhistory,uniqueandaccessiblegeology,diversehabitattypesandpanoramicviewsoftheSomersetlandscape,togetherwitheasyaccessandmodernfacilities;HamHilloffersnumerousstudyopportunitiesforallagesandabilities.

Subjectareas:OutlinedinthiseducationpackisarangeofactivityideasforHistory,Geography,Science,CitizenshipandArtandDesignstudies,astheseareprobablythekeyareasofstudythatcanbepursuedatHamHill.HoweverthereareendlesseducationopportunitiesavailableatHamHill,linkingwithallareasoftheNationalCurriculum.

Onthecontentspageallactivitieshavebeendividedintosubjectareas,wherecarryingouteachactivityhasclearlinkstoatleastoneofthelearningoutcomessuchasthedevelopmentofskillsandknowledgeandunderstandingelementsofeachsubject.Thesearebynomeansexclusivethough;foreachactivitytherearealsoclearlinksintomanyothersubjects,andmanyofthefollowonactivitieswouldlinkwithmanyotherareassuchasICTandEnglish.

KeyStages:TheactivitiesdetailedinthispackhavebeendevelopedforuseatKeyStage2,however,therearemanyactivitiesthatarealsosuitableforKeyStage1,andmanyoftheactivitiescouldbecarriedoutwithKeyStage1childrenbutwithnoworksheets.ManyoftheactivitiesarealsosuitableforKeyStage3,4,andeven5,particularlythemapandcompassactivitiesinthegeographysectionandmostoftheCitizenshipandArtandDesignactivities.ManyoftheotheractivitiescouldbeadaptedforuseatKeyStages3,4and5.

Practicalities:Includedinthispackarefull,clearinstructionsforteachers/groupleaders,detailingthepracticalitiesofeachactivity,suchaswhenitcanbecarriedoutmostcanbecarriedoutallyearroundbutsomeofthescienceactivitiesareseasonal.Alsoincludediswhereitshouldbecarriedout,astherearesetroutesandareasforsomeactivities,butmostarefairlyflexible.Alsoshownishowlongitshouldtakeinmostcasesthisisadaptabletosuitthetimeframeavailable,andwhatresourcesareneeded.Mostresourcesareitemsthatschoolsalreadyhavesuchasclipboardsandpencilsetc.orthesecanbeborrowedattheHamHillCentre.Allworksheetsandotherpupilresourcesareincludedinthispack,straightaftertheactivityinstructions.Learningoutcomes:Everyactivityhasclearlearningoutcomes,soitisquickandeasytoidentifyhowitwillfitintocurrenttopicsandschemesofwork,andwhatskillsandunderstandingthechildrenwilldevelopandgain.Thereisalsoinformationonwhattodobeforecarryingouteachactivity,inordertointroducethesubjectareaandtoensurechildrenbenefitasmuchaspossiblefromtheirvisittoHamHill.Carryingoutactivities:Foreachactivitytherearestepbystepinstructionsonhowtocarryouttheactivity,directionsonhowtogettocertainareas,thekeyhealthandsafetypointstobeawareof,detailsonfollowupactivitiesthatcanbecarriedoutinschoolafterthevisitandfurtheractivitiesatHamHillaswell.

How to get to Ham Hill Country Park

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HamHillCountryParkissituatedapproximately6milesfromYeovil,veryclosetotheA303.

ComingfromthewestoreastontheA303turnoffforCrewkerneandStokesubHamdonontheA356thenfollowthebrownsignstoHamHill.ThisshoulddirectyouundertheA303,takingthefirstleftintoStokesubHamdon.InthemiddleofthevillagenexttotheHalfMoonpubtaketherighthandturn,whichleadsyouupasteephill,andafterapproximatelyhalfamileyouareatHamHillCountryPark.IfcomingfromtheYeovildirection,followsignsfortheA30toCrewkerne.JustafteraroundaboutontheedgeofYeovilyouwillseeagarageonyourrightahead taketherighthandturnjustbeforeit,signpostedwithabrownsignforHamHill.Followthisroadfornearly4miles,passingthroughthevillageofOdcombeuntilyoureachHamHillCountryPark.ThegridreferenceofHamHillisST478168

HamHillCountryPark,StokesubHamdon,Yeovil,SomersetTA146RW

Telephone:01935823617

Fax:01935822649

Email:hamhill@southsomerset.gov.uk

Website:www.visitsouthsomerset.com/hamhill

Minibeaststudies

FeaturesofHamstonestudy,mapreadingactivityandbeginnerscompasstrail

Minibeaststudies,Plantsandhabitatsstudy(grassland)andCountrysideCodeinaction

Startpointofadvancedcompasstrail

Suggestedrouteformammaltracking,SignsofspringandautumnandScavengerhunt

Minibeaststudies,Plantsandhabitatsstudy(woodland)andsuggestedlocationforShelterbuildingandmostoftheextraactivities

Recommendedcoachdropoffpoint

HamHillCentre

Picnicarea

HarveysQuarry

Warmemorial/monument

ToOdcombe

StokesubHamdon

Mapshowingsuggestedlocationsforcarryingoutactivitiesandotherusefullocations

Ham Hill History Tour one

Whattodo:ItispossibletocarryouttheHamHillHistorytoursusingtheinformationavailableontheHamHillwebsite:www.visitsouthsomerset.com/hamhillandtheinformationgivenbelow.Usethemapgiventofindoutwhereeachofthestopsare,andthebestroutetotake.YoucouldalsousetheHamHillaudiotrail(trailone)whichisfreetodownloadfromthewebsitetocomplimentthetour.However,itisadvisabletobookamemberofHamHillstafftoleadthetourastheyalreadyahighlevelofknowledgeoftheaspectscoveredinthetour,andofthesiteingeneral.PleasecontacttheHamHillofficeon01935823617toarrangeatour.

Stop1TheHamHillCentreHamHillhasnotalwaysbeenaCountryParkaplaceforleisureandforwildlife.Itusedtobeanimportantplaceforpeopletolive,andthereusedtobealargevillageontopofthehillmanyyearsago.HamHillwasoccupiedbytheDrurotrigesIronAgetribefromaround750B.C.tothe1stcenturyA.D.ThetribethatthatlivedinthisarearefersnotjusttoHamHill,butamuchwiderarea,occupyingseveralcountiesintheSouthWestarea(althoughthelandwasnotdividedintocountiesasitisnow).Stop2TheIronAgeramparts

HamdonhillfortistheIronAgepartofHamHillCountryPark.ItisthelargesthillfortinBritain,withrampartsextending3miles,encompassinganareaofapproximately200acresinsize.HamHillhastwotothreeditchesandrampartsorridgesthatwereconstructedbytheDrurotrigesIronAgetribemanyyearsago,fromaround750B.C.tothe1stcenturyA.D.WhenHamdonhillfortwasoccupied,therampartswouldhavebeenkeptclearoftrees,sothattheycouldspotanypotentialenemyinvaders.Amazingly,theseearthworkswereconstructedbyhandwithtoolssuchasantlersandpickstheyfollowthenaturalcontoursofthehill.Theyweredefensivestructuresinordertodeterattackersfromneighbouringenemytribes.Alongthetopridgetherewouldprobablyhavebeenawoodenpalisadefenceratherlikearowoflargepencils,toprovideextraprotection.TheviewsfromthetopofHamHillareexcellent;thefactthatyoucouldseealongwayintothedistancewasoneofthereasonsearlysettlerschosethenaturalhighpointofHamHill;theywereabletoseeifanyenemieswereapproachingandprepareforbattle.

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Practicalities:When: AnytimeWhere: FromtheHamHillCentretothewarmemorial,usingtheNorthernsectionoftheparkHowlong: Approximately2hoursResources: Historytourworksheets,clipboards,pencils/pens

Learningexperiences: UnderstandingofHamHillshistory,primarilyoftheoccupationofHamHillduringtheIronAge(700B.C.A.D.43).UnderstandingoftheimportanceofHamHillasahistoricalsite,howithasbeenshapedundermansinfluencesandhowitcontinuestobetoday.ObservationandrecognitionofkeyhistoricalfeaturesonHamHill.Listeningandrecordingskillsinthefield.

Beforethesession:Usephotosshowingrampartsandartistsimpressions,andalsothehistoryinformationpanels(seeextraresources)andHamHillshistorypagesonline:www.visitsouthsomerset.com/hamhilltointroducetheIronAgeperiodtochildren.AlsousetheBBCCeltswebsitewww.bbc.co.uk/wales/celtsontheinteractivewhiteboardforfun,educationalactivities.

DuetothefactthatHamHillsoccupantswouldhavebeenmuchhigherthantheirenemiesbelow,theslingstonesthattheyusedtodefendtheirhillfort(similartoacatapult),theyhadgravityontheirsidesowouldhavedonealotofdamagetoanyinvaders!Aswellasthereasonsgivenabove,thepeoplelivinginthispartofSomersetatthetimewouldalwayshavechosenhighergroundtosettleon,asmostofthelandisonlyafewmetresabovesealevelandwouldhavebeenfloodedformostoftheyear,apartfromafewmonthsduringthesummer.Stop3TheIronAgegatewayHereyoucanclearlyseeoneoftheoldentrancesthatleadinandoutofthehillfort,whichwouldhavehadlargewoodengates(seepictureonworksheets).Theotherentrancewaywasonthefarendofthehillfort,nearBatemoorBarns(rightnexttotheroadtoOdcombe).AlthoughthelandonHamHillwasfairlyplentifulintermsofagriculturallandforfoodproductionandtimberforconstructionandforfuel,thereweremanyresourcesthatcouldnotbeobtainedwiththeconfinesofthehillfort,suchasflintfortools,slingstonesfordefence,andofcoursewater!ThenearestspringisjustbelowthisgatewayandalsoinWitcombeValley,justoutsidethehillfortontheoppositesideofthehill.Thereforeitwasimportantthattherewereeasyroutesinandoutofthehillfort,aspeoplewereregularlycollectingresourcesandtradinggoods,justaswedoinourvillagesandtownstoday.However,theseroutesthatcutstraightthroughtherampartswerealsoeasyattackroutesforenemytribesandlaterfortheRomans,thereforetheywereheavilyguardedandwellfortifiedwithtallwoodengatesandfences.Theywouldnthavewantedtoomanyentrancewaysintothefort,ortherewouldhavebeentoomanyweakpointsthroughoutthefort,anditwouldbeawasteofguardsandwarriorsatahighdensitythatwouldhaveneededtohavebeenstationedoneachonewheretheycouldhavebeenmorespreadout,successfullydefendingtherampartsattimesofattack.TheRomansreferredtotheCeltsorIronAgepeopleasbeingbarbaricandbloodthirsty,butgenerallyitisthoughtthattheyweregenerallyverypeacefulpeople,onlyfightingwhenitwasnecessary,forexamplewhentheywerebeinginvadedbytheRomans!Stop4Warmemorial Fromherethereisafantasticalmost360viewoftheSomersetlandscapebelow;itisunderstandableheremorethananywhereelsewhyHamHillwassuchastrategicandsignificantplaceofoccupationduringtheIronAge.ApartfromtheBlackdownHillstothewest,thePoldenRidgetothenorthwiththeMendipsbeyond,itisalsoapparenthowflatandlowlyingtheSomersetlandscapeis,whichiswhyitusedtobefloodedformostoftheyear.ThiswasoneofthekeyreasonswhyinthisareainparticularintheSouthWest,livingonhilltopswasessential.TherewouldhavebeenverylittleevidenceofhabitationinthelowlandsbelowduringtheIronAgeperioditwouldprobablyhavebeenanextensivemarshyhabitat.DirectlybelowthebusyA303dualcarriagewayisalwaysanobviousfeatureinthelandscape,andthissectionofithasbeenformanyyears.ThevisiblestretchofroadthatrunswesttoeastpastHamHillwasoriginallypartoftheFosseWayacolossalRomanconstructiondatingbacktotheiroccupationofSouthernBritain(A.D.43A.D.410).Theoriginalroadstretched182milesfromExetertoLincolnviamajorRomancentressuchasBath,CirencesterandIlchester,almostexactlyinastraightline.ForthesectionoftheroadnearHamHill,Hamstonewasusedforsurfacingtheroad;itmusthavebeenquiteadeeplayerinordertoovercomethemarshyterrain.ManyRomanvillashavebeendiscoveredinthelocalareaatStanchester,Lufton,Dinnington,WestCoker,OdcombeandonHamHillitself,wherethereisalsoevidenceofaRomanequestriancampclosetothewarmemorial.Stop5StonecircleTheimpressiveHamstoneblocksthathavebeenmadeintoastonecirclewereerectedattheturnofthemillenniumbyRichardEngland,whosefamilyhasquarriedHamstonefromHamHillforthreegenerations.ThecircleisamonumenttoallthemenandwomenhaveworkedintheHamHillquarriesoverthelast2000years.Mostofthebuildingsinallthelocalvillagesandtowns,aremadefromHamstone,butevenasfarasExeterandLondonthereusedtobeademandforHamstone.Allofthestonewasdugbyhand,andlifewouldhavebeenverytoughasaquarryworkerorastonemason,whowouldhaveworkeduphereinallconditions.

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TheRomansbeganquarryingtheHamstonenearly2000yearsago,notonlytobuildtheirimpressivevillasinthelocalarea,butalsotolaythesurfaceoftheFosseWay.ThereisalsoevidencethattheymadecoffinsoutoftheHamstoneandtransportedthemtoDorchester!ItwasntuntilthearrivaloftheNormansthatHamstonewasquarriedagain;ithascontinuedtobequarriedthroughoutHamHillfromthenuntilthepresentday.Stop6ViewfromthePrinceofWales

Withthepubbehindyou,lookacrosstothewoodedslope.BeneaththesetreesandbushesliepartoftheIronAgerampartsystem.Thesearespecialarchaeologicalfeatures,whicharepartofthedesignatedScheduledAncientMonument(S.A.M)statusthatcoversmuchoftheCountryPark.AmonumentisscheduledbyEnglishHeritageforeitheroneormoreofthefollowingreasons:

Extentofsurvival Currentcondition Rarity Representivity,eitherthroughdiversityorbecauseofoneimportantattribute Importanceoftheperiodtowhichthemonumentdates Fragility Connectiontoothermonumentsorgroupvalue Potentialtocontributetoourinformation,understandingandappreciation Extentofdocumentationenhancingthemonumentssignificance

ExamplesofotherScheduledAncientMonumentsareStonehenge,AveburyRocksandMaidenCastle.Overthecomingyearstherangerteamwillbegraduallyclearingaround80%ofthetreesfromtheslopeinordertoprotectthesefeatures,whilstleavingthemorematuretrees.TheyarerequiredtodosoundertheScheduledAncientMonumentagreement,whichisdesignedtoensurethatthehistoricalfeaturesareconserved.OncethetreesarefelledtheRangersusuallysellsomeofthelogslocally,andtheincomefromthisisputstraightbackintothemanagementoftheCountryPark.Manyofthelogsareleftinsituinlargepiles,whichcreateawarandmoistmicroclimate,idealforinvertebratesandsmallreptilesandmammalstohibernateandhideawayin.SomeofthelargerpiecesoftimberareusedforconstructionprojectsintheCountryPark(e.g.gateposts).

DiscussionPoints(thesearelinkedtoeachofthestops):1. WhatwouldHamHilllooklikeifwecouldgobackintimetotheIronAge?Itwouldbeabusy

hilltopvillagefullofroundhouses,andmuchofthelandwouldbefarmedforcropsandgrazedwithlivestock,thereforethereprobablywouldhavebeenfewertrees.Itwouldbeaflatplateauasnoneofthehamstonewouldhavebeenremoved,andnoneofthemodernmanmadefeaturessuchascarparksandfenceswouldexist.

2. HowwouldtherampartslookdifferentifwewerehereatthetimeoftheIronAge?Theywould

havenotreesandscrubgrowingonthem,andthebankswouldbehigherandtheditchesdeeper.

3. WhatotherresourcescanyouthinkofthatthepeoplelivingonHamHillwouldhavehadtoleavethehillfortfor?E.g.willowforbaskets,clayformakingpots

4. InwhatwaydoyouthinktheRomansweredifferenttotheCelts,ourancientancestors?They

wantedtobepowerfulandhavealargeempire,theyhaddevelopedlotsofnewtechnologiesandmethodse.g.buildingroadsandvillas,andtheyhadanorganisedarmyasopposedtowarriors

5. HowwouldthelandscapeherehavelookeddifferenthereduringtheIronAge?Thelargedipyou

arestoodinwherethestonecircleiswouldhavebeenatthesameheightastheclifffacesaroundyou,andthelumpsandbumpswouldnthavebeenthereastheyarearelictofquarrying.

6. Doyouthinkitsacceptablethatthetreesarebeingcutdowntoprotect thearchaeology?Havea

discussionaroundtheconflictofintereststhattherangershavetomanage,i.e.wildlife,archaeology,quarrying,geologyandrecreation.

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Keyhealthandsafetypoints:SupervisionmakesureadultsarepositionedatthefrontandrearofthegroupsSteepdropswhilstwalkingalongridgeinstructchildrennottorunandtobesensiblealongtheridge

Mapshowingtherouteofthehistorytourpartone:

Followup:VisitanotherIronAgehillfortsuchasMaidenorCadburyCastleandcomparethetwosites.TheothersiteshavenotbeenquarriedordevelopedintoCountryParksthereforeareverydifferent.CarryoutahistorystudyontheRomans,perhapswithavisittotheYeovilMuseum,whichhasamockupRomanvilla(01935845946).ContacttheSouthSomersetDistrictCouncilHeritageTeamon01935462881whoareabletoofferRomansessionsinyourschoolinvolvingartefacts,Romanarmourandclothing. PlaytheKnowyourIronAgeCommunitygameandseefollowupactivitiesdetailedattheendofthatactivity.

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Ham Hill History Tour one Stop 1 The Ham Hill Centre Look at the Iron Age panel in the centre to help you answer these 2 questions: When was Ham Hill occupied during the Iron Age? ___________________________________________ What was the name of the tribe that lived in this area? ___________________________________________

Stop 2 The Iron Age ramparts

Give three reasons why people chose to live on Ham Hill at the time of the Iron Age:

1. ________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________

Stop 3 Iron Age gateway

Why did the Iron Age settlers choose to have just 2 entrances to their hillfort? ____________________________________ ____________________________________

_______________________________________________ P.T.O.

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Hello and welcome to Ham Hill Country Park! Today you will find out how humans have been making history on Ham Hill over thousands of yearsyour job is to listen carefully and answer all the questions as

you go round!

Stop 4 War memorial

Explain how would the view have looked different in the Iron Age: _____________________________________________ What is the name of the section of old Roman road you can see from here and what is its modern name? Stop 5 Stone circle Why and when was the stone circle erected? ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ The ________________ began the quarrying of the hamstone nearly ________________ years ago!

Stop 6 View from the Prince of Wales pub

Why do the rangers cut down trees on the Iron Age ramparts? ___________________________________

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ What does S.A.M stand for? ____________________________________________________

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Extra resources

ArtistsimpressionsofIronAgelifeHamHill,showingroundhousesanddomesticlife

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ArtistsimpressionofagatewayonIronAgeHamHill

ArtistsimpressionofanIronAgefamily, ArtistsimpressionofIronAgewarriors,whowouldprobablybeenfarmers paintedwithbluedyefromwoad(plant)to

lookfrighteningtotheirenemies

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HambledonHillIronAgehillfortinNorthDorsetnotehowthisismuchsteeperthanHamHillandhowtherampartshavebeenkeptfreeoftreesandscrubthroughconstantgrazing

HamHillIronAgerampartstakenfromtheIronAgegatewayin1950s notehowtherampartshavebeenkeptfreeoftreesandscrubthroughconstantgrazingatthattime

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IronAgeshielddesign

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Romanshielddesign

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Ham Hill History Tour two

Whattodo:ItispossibletocarryouttheHamHillHistorytoursusingtheinformationavailableontheHamHillwebsite:www.visitsouthsomerset.com/hamhillandtheinformationgivenbelow.Usethemapgiventofindoutwhereeachofthestopsare,andthebestroutetotake.YoucouldalsousetheHamHillaudiotrail(trailtwo)whichisfreetodownloadfromthewebsitetocomplimentthetour.However,itisadvisabletobookamemberofHamHillstafftoleadthetourastheyalreadyahighlevelofknowledgeoftheaspectscoveredinthetour,andofthesiteingeneral.PleasecontacttheHamHillofficeon01935823617toarrangeatour.Stop1DeepquarryThisoldquarrydatesbacktotheVictorianera,whenHamstonewasofgreatdemandlocallyforbuildinghouses,schoolsandmanyotherbuildings.AlthoughHamstonehadbeenquarriedfromHamHillduringthetimeoftheNormans,andthroughoutmuchofthemedievalperiod,itwastheVictoriansthatreallymadeanimpactonthelandscapeatHamHill,diggermuchdeeperandmoreextensivelythaninpreviousquarries,inordertomeetdemand,andinordertogettothebestqualitystone,thatisequallyashardasgranite.Thereareseveraldeepquarryareaslikethis,butthisistheonlyonewhereitispossibletowalkrightinsideit,anduptothequarryfaces,astheothersareallovergrownand/orfencedoff.ThemethodsusedforquarryingduringtheVictoriantimesweremuchthesameasthoseemployedmanyyearsbeforethen.Itwascutingrooveswithapickwherenecessary,andthenliftedfromitsnaturalbedbywedgesdrivenunderitbyasledgehammeroradze.Itisthemarksofthesemetaltoolsthatarestillvisibleonthequarryface.Heavyironbarswerethenusedasleversaswellasoldcannonballstomovethelargeblocksaroundonthefloor.Whenthestonewasraisedafewinches,achainwasputundertheblock,orathreepinlewiswasinsertedintotheblockandinafewminutesitwashoistedtothesurfacebyasteamcrane.Theadventofthesteamcranerevolutionisedtheheavyworkofliftingoutthestone,andby1890therewere3steamcranesoperatingtoliftthestoneontotramways.

ManybuildingsweremadefromHamstoneduringtheVictorianperiod,howeverfromthe10thto16thcenturyespeciallyfrom14001530,thegreatbuildingage,manyofthelocalmorefamousbuildingswereconstructedincluding:SherborneCastle,FordeandCerneAbbey,HookandTauntonCastles,ExeterCathedral,ChurchesinLymeRegisandBridport,LargehousesinthelocalareaMontacute,BarringtonandMelbury.

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Practicalities:When: AnytimeWhere: FromtheHamHillCentretoStMichaelsMount,usingtheWesternsectionoftheparkHowlong: Approximately3hoursResources: Historytourworksheets,clipboards,pencils/pens

Learningexperiences: UnderstandingofHamHillshistoryfromtheRomansthroughtotheNormans,andduringmedievaltimesandtheVictorianera.UnderstandingoftheimportanceofHamHillasahistoricalsite,howithasbeenshapedundermansinfluencesandhowitcontinuestobetoday.ObservationandrecognitionofkeyhistoricalfeaturesonHamHill.Listeningandrecordingskillsinthefield.

Beforethesession:Usethehistoryinformationpanels(seeextraresources)andHamHillshistorypagesonline:www.visitsouthsomerset.com/hamhilltointroducethehistoryofHamHilltochildren.CarryoutHamHillhistorytourone,asthiscoversandearlierperiodinhistory,thereforethistourisanextensionorfollowontoitasitcoverslaterperiodsofhistory.

Stop2Harveysquarry

Harveysquarryisprivatelandandtheonlyaccesstothepublicintoitisintothereceptionarea,althoughitispossibletobookatourofthequarry(visitwww.hamhillstone.co.ukformoreinformation).However,itispossibletolookoutacrossthemajorityofthequarryfromthebankthatrunsdirectlyalongtheeasternedgeofthequarry,accessedfromthefieldadjacenttothequarry,whichhasarightofwayrunningthroughit(seemap).HarveysquarryisthemainquarryonHamHill,quarryingforHamstonethatisusedonavarietyofnewbuildingprojectslocallyandnationally.Itisalsosoldinsmallerquantitiestoindividualsforbuildingrepairs,extensions,andwalls,andisalsosoldassculpturesorformakingsculpturesandforfeaturesinhousessuchaswindowframesandfireplaces.ExtractionandprocessingmethodshavechangedconsiderablysinceVictoriantimes,withspecialiseddiggerbeingusedforcuttingthestoneout,andelectricstonecuttersusedforcreatingevenlyshapedpiecesforbuilding.ThefieldthatliesadjacenttoHarveysquarryisunderthesameownershipasthelandwithinthequarry,asopposedtobeingpartoftheCountryParkmanagedbySouthSomersetDistrictCouncil(SSDC).TheHamandDoultingStoneCompanyoperateonamuchsmallerscale(ondemand)ontheNorthernsectionoftheCountryParknearthestonecircle.Theareathattheyarecurrentlyquarryingisalwayschanging,astheyaremorelimitedastowhereandhowdeeptheycanquarryduetootherfeaturesthatarepresent.ThelandtheyquarryonisownedbytheDuchyofCornwallandmanagedbySSDC.Everytimeeitherofthequarriesareextended,theyneedtogetpermissiontodoso,asmostofHamHillisaScheduledAncientMonumentduetoitsimportanthistory.Anarchaeologicaldigisalsousuallycarriedout,andifanythingofsignificanceisfoundtheymayeithernotbeallowedtoquarrycertainareas/atall,orartefactsmayberemovedforstudyingand/ordisplayinginmuseums.Althoughthisissubjective,thepositiveelementsofquarryingonHamHillare:

Thecarryingoutofarchaeologicaldigsthequarryhavetopayforthesetobecarriedout,andasSSDCandotherorganisationsinvolvedwithHamHillarenotinapositiontodoso,thiswouldnottakeplaceifitwerenotforthequarries.FurtherdigscouldfurtherourknowledgeofHamHillshistory,butalsoofhistoryingeneral,andnewartefactsofsignificancecouldbediscovered.

TheonlyplaceHamstoneisavailableisonHamHill.Withoutthequarriescontinuingtooperatehere,peoplewouldnotbeabletosourceHamstoneforrepairsetc.ontheirhomesandotherbuildings.Insteadtheywouldneedtosourcebuildingstone/bricksforelsewhere,whichwouldprobablyinvolvemorecarbonemissionsduetothembeingtransportedfromfurtherafield.AlsoifHamstoneisusedthemajorityofthetimeforbuildingprojectslocally,thenthelocalarearetainsitsdistinctivecharacter,whichisamajorpullfortouristsanditisaestheticallypleasingforresidents.

Postquarrying,thehabitatthatfollowsisthatoflownutrientsduetothethinalkalinesoils,fullofrubble.Onlycertaintypesofplantsareabletogrowinthisenvironment,andmanyofthosearemorerareplantsthatinturnalsosupportmorerareinvertebrates.

Althoughthisissubjective,thenegativeelementsofquarryingonHamHillare:

Noisepollutionandairpollutionthroughfuelemissionsfromquarrymachinery. PotentialdangerinthemoreopenquarryintheNorthernSpursectionoftheCountryPark. MoretrafficusingtheHamHillroad,i.e.lorriestransportingstoneandpeopletravellingtoquarryto

purchasestone. Destructionofpresenthabitatsanddisturbancetowildlife. Possibledestructionofhistoricartefactsthatwerenotdiscoveredduringarchaeologicaldigs.

Stop3WitcombeValleymedievalvillageDuringthelatemedievalperiod(1500s)therewasavillageinthevalleyofWitcombe,withthemainactivitiestakingplacebeingfarmingandquarryingonHamHill.Thereismuchevidencethatprovesthiswasthecase,including:

Writtenevidencestatesthattherewere12tenantfarmerslivingherein1566 Thepresenceofstriplynchets(terracescreatedforfarming)onthevalleyslopes

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Visiblebanksinthebottomofthevalleythatwouldhavebeenwherehouseswerelocated Thepresenceofgreenhelleboreaplantthatwasusedformedicinalpurposes Thediscoveryofamidden(rubbishtip)whichwasfullofbrokenpottery

Thereisnothingrecordedhoweverastowhypeopleleftthevalley,butitisthoughtthatitisprobablyduetothelandownerrequiringthelandbackforhimselffromthetenants.Stop4RomanVillaIthaslongbeenknownthatthisfieldwasthelocationofa19roomedRomanvilla,duringtheRomanoccupationofBritain,fromA.D.43A.D.410.ThefirstevidenceofRomanoccupationonHamHillwasin1882,whenagriculturallabourersaccidentallydiscoveredRomancoinsandvessels.Victorianquarryworkerswouldhavefoundallsortsofancientartefactsbyaccidentalso,whilstexcavatingtheground.Asaresultofthisevidence,severalarchaeologicaldigstakingplaceduringtheearly1900s,inquiteafewdifferentareasofHamHill.ThefirstdiscoveryoftheRomanvillawasin1906whenanarchaeologistwasexcavatingarubbishpit;afurthermorecomprehensivedigwascarriedoutin1920.FindsincludetheremainsofarectangularbuildingofRomaninfluence,piecesofmosaicfloorpiecesandbrokenrooftiles.OtherbuildingremainsofRomanoriginwerefoundonotherdigsacrossHamHill,andmanyartefactshavebeenfoundaccidentallyovertheyears,partlyduetoanimalsdisturbingtheearth.In1977and1992thevillawasmappedusinggeophysicaltechniques,matchingtheoriginal1907excavationreports.In1992therestofthehillfortwasalsomappedtotryanddiscoveritspastlanduse.Archeologicalgeophysicscanbethemosteffectivewaytoseebeneaththeground.MagnetometersdetectminutedeviationsintheEarthsmagneticfieldcausedbyironartifacts,kilns,sometypesofstonestructures,andevenditchesandmiddens.Devicesthatmeasuretheelectricalresistivityofthesoilarealsowidelyused.ArchaeologicalFeatureswhoseelectricalresistivitycontrastswiththatofsurroundingsoilscanbedetectedandmapped.Somearchaeologicalfeatures(suchasthosecomposedofstoneorbrick)havehigherresistivitythantypicalsoils,whileothers(suchasorganicdepositsorunfiredclay)tendtohavelowerresistivity.Throughoutthe1990svariousaerialphotographsweretaken,whichhelpedidentifyotherfeaturesonsite.Aerialsurveysareconductedusingcamerasattachedtoaeroplanes,balloonsorevenkites.Abird'seyeviewisusefulforquickmappingoflargeorcomplexsites.Aerialphotographsareusedtodocumentthestatusofthearchaeologicaldig.Aerialimagingcanalsodetectmanythingsnotvisiblefromthesurface.Plantsgrowingaboveaburiedmanmadestructure,suchasastonewall,willdevelopmoreslowly,whilethoseaboveothertypesoffeatures(suchasmiddens)maydevelopmorerapidly.Photographsofripeninggrain,whichchangescolourrapidlyatmaturation,haverevealedburiedstructureswithgreatprecision.Aerialphotographstakenatdifferenttimesofdaywillhelpshowtheoutlinesofstructuresbychangesinshadows.

Thesimplestsurveytechniqueissurfacesurvey.Itinvolvescombinganarea,usuallyonfootbutsometimeswiththeuseofmechanisedtransport,tosearchforfeaturesorartifactsvisibleonthesurface.Surfacesurveycannotdetectsitesorfeaturesthatarecompletelyburiedunderearth,orovergrownwithvegetation.Surfacesurveymayalsoincludeminiexcavationtechniquessuchasaugers,corersandshoveltestpits.SurfaceremainsandearthworkshavebeenseverelydisturbedinthesiteoftheRomanvilladuetointenstiveploughingduringthelatterpartofthe20thcentury.Thismadetopographicalinterpretationoftheareaverydifficult,butasaresultofploughing,manyRomantilesandmosaicpieceswerediscovered,andareusedforeducationsessionsintheHamHillCentre.

MuchoftheaboveinformationhasbeenadaptedfromWikipedia.

Stop5St.MichaelsMountmotteandbaileycastle

(Pleasenote,thisstopisjustoutsidetheboundariesofHamHillCountryPark,andisnotmanagedbySSDC.ItisownedandmanagedbytheNationalTrustaspartoftheMontacuteEstatepleasecontactthemifyouwouldlikemoreinformation).

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Thefollowinginformationhasbeenadaptedfrom:www.historylearningsite.co.uk

MotteandbaileycastlesappearedinEnglandaftertheNormanConquestof1066.MotteandbaileycastleswereacommonfeatureinEnglandbythedeathofWilliamtheConquerorin1087.TheirconstructionwasthestartofwhatwastobecomeamassivecastlebuildingprogrammeinEnglandandWales.

WhenWilliamlandedatPevenseyin1066,heimmediatelysetaboutbuildingacastletoprotecthimselfandhismostimportantmen.WilliamwasahighlyskilledandfearedsoldierwhohadlearnedhismilitaryskillsinnorthernFrance.TheNormansachievedgreatfamefortheircastlebuilding.

Frenchkingshadgainedareputationforbuildingcastles.ThiswastheirwayofcopingwiththeconstantattacksbyVikingsfromScandinavia.ThekingsofFrancehadlittleideaonhowtodefeattheVikings.Frenchnoblementooktoprotectingthemselvesinfortifiedbuildingsthatwereknownascastellanstheseservedasprivatefortificationsinwhichpeopleandanimalswereprotectedfromthesefearedinvaders.

SomeoftheVikingseventuallystayedinnorthernFranceandtheNorsemenbecametheNormans.TheyhadbeenimpressedwiththeFrenchcastellansandadoptedthem;themostpopulardesignwasthemotteandbailey.Inthesecastles,therewasafortifiedbuilding(thecastle)ontopofamanmadehillcalledamotte.Thisservedasafinalfightingplacewheresoldierswouldretreatiftherestofthecastlehadbeenbreached.Thecastleonthemottewasreachedeitherbywoodenstairsthatcouldbedestroyedifthecastleitselfwasattackedorbya'flyingbridge'thatconnectedthebaileytothecastle.Inthebailey,peopleandanimalslivedinrelativesafetyintimesofpeaceastheyweresurroundedbyalargewoodenfencethatkeptoutattackersandwildanimals.

ThefirstrecordofamotteandbaileycastleinFranceappearedatthestartofthe11thCentury.ThefirstrecordedmotteinEnglandwasin1051whenFrenchcastlebuilderswerebuildingonefortheEnglishkinginHereford.However,theFrenchwereunpopularwiththelocalpopulationandtheFrenchbuildersleftwithoutanythingsubstantialbeingbuilt.AfterhisvictoryatHastingsin1066,WilliammovedaroundthesouthcoasttoDover.HerehebuilthisthirdEnglishcastleafterPevenseyandHastings.ThemotteandbaileycastleatDovertookjusteightdaystobuildaccordingtoWilliamofPoitierswhowasWilliam'schaplain.

Buildingcastlesthenwasverylabourintensive.WilliamandhismenwereinvadersandhisarmywouldhavehadtobeonaconstantguardespeciallyintheimmediatedaysafterHastings.ResearchononeofWilliam'smotteandbaileycastlesatHampsteadMarshallshowsthatthemottecontains22,000tonsofsoil.Thismottetookfiftymeneightydaystobuild.Usingthisasaguide,themotteatDoverwouldhaveneeded500mentocompleteineightdays.Itispossiblethatlocaltownspeoplewerecoercedintoworkingextremelyhardtocompletethetask.However,buildingamottewasaskilledachievement.Themotteswerebuiltlayeruponlayer.Therewouldbealayerofsoilthatwascappedwithalayerofstonesthatwascappedwithalayerofsoilandsoon.Thestonelayerswereneededtostrengthenthemotteandtoassistdrainage.

WilliamacceptedthesurrenderoftheAngloSaxonnoblesatBerkhamstedCastle,northwestofLondonarguablyhisfinestmotteandbaileycastle.ThismeantthathedidnothavetofightforLondonandthepeopleofLondonweresparedtheircitybeingtorched.WilliamstartedhisreignaskingofEnglandwithuncharacteristicdiplomacy.HeallowedtheSaxonnoblestokeeptheirlandandhetriedtolearnEnglish.However,fortwoyearsupto1068,hewasfacedwithrebellionsthroughouthisnewkingdom.Williamrespondedbymarchinghisfearedarmytoatroublespotandreassertinghisauthority.HethenhadacastlebuiltthereaveryvisiblesignoftheNorman'spower.CastleswerebuiltinExeter,Warwick,Nottingham,Lincoln,Huntingdon,CambridgeandYork.However,thisseriesofcastlebuildingdidnotcausetheproblemtodisappear.ThosewhorebelledagainstWilliam'spower,gatheredinthenorthofEngland.In1069,theytargetedthemostobvioussignofWilliam'sauthoritythecastleofYork.ThiscastlewasnotheavilydefendedandtheNormanssoldierstherewerebeatenandthecastlewasburnttotheground.

WilliamwasfuriousanddecidedtolaywastethenorthofEnglandthesocalled"HarryingoftheNorth".Normansoldiersdestroyedanythingthatmighthavebeenofusetothosewholivedinthenorth.Itisthoughtthatasmanyas100,000peoplediedofstarvation.YorkCastlewasalsorebuilt.ItwasnowthatWilliamtookawaylandfromtheSaxonnoblesandgaveittohisownnobility.EachNormannoblemanwhoreceivedlandwas

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expectedtobuildacastlethere.Itwasnow,afterthe"HarryingoftheNorth",thatcastleswerebuiltacrossagreatdealofEngland.EachNormanknightwasaninvaderandbuildingamotteandbaileycastleforhimselfandhissoldierswasbasiccommonsenseastheywerehighlyunpopularwiththeSaxons.

NooneisquitesurehowmanymotteandbaileycastleswerebuiltinEnglandbytheNormans.However,bycountingthenumberofmottesthatexistinEngland,archaeologistsbelievethattheNormansbuiltaround500oneeverytwoweeksbetween1066and1086.TheywereusedtokeeptheSaxonstamed.AfterWilliam'sresponsetotherebellioninthenorthofEngland,manyareasweresimplytooscaredtorebel.MotteandbaileycastleswereasignthatfearedNormansoldierswerenevertoofaraway.

OncethepeopleofEnglandhadbeentamed,Williammovedontograndercastles.WiththepopulationofEnglandseeminglysubdued,Williamstartedaprogrammeofbuildingstonecastles.NooriginalcompletemotteandbaileycastlesexistinEngland,butthehugestonefortificationsWilliamstartedcertainlyare.

St.MichaelsMountismanagedbytheNationalTrust,andbecauseitisasiteofarchaeologicalinteresttheyareobligedundermanagementagreementstopreserveitsfeaturesforfuturegenerations.Aswithmanyhistoricsites,thisrequirestheremovaloftrees(orthepreventionofsuccessiontowoodland).ForSt.MichaelsMount,thismeansfellingthemajorityofthetreesonthehillbecausetreesunderminearchaeologicalfeatureswiththeirroots,particularlywhentheyareuprootedinstormsorwhentheyreachtheendoftheirlife.St.MichaelsMounthasonlybeencoveredintreesforapproximatelythelast5060years,whengrazingnolongertookplace.ThesamehistoryoftheceasingofgrazingandsubsequenttreeremovaltakesplaceonHamHillsIronAgerampartseveryyear;thisisevidentwhilstwalkingthroughpartsofHedgecockwoods(thewoodsrunningeasttowestthatoverlookEastStoke).

ManylocalpeopledonotwanttoseethetreesremovedfromSt.MichaelsMount,probablybecauseofthehabitattheyoffertowildlife,andperhapsalsobecauseofthefactthattreesabsorbcarbon,thereforereducingglobalwarming.Alsomanypeoplehaveonlyeverseenthehillwithtreesandprobablylikeitthewayitis.FormoreinformationonthefuturemanagementofSt.MichaelsMountcontacttheNationalTrustatMontacuteHouse(01935823289).

PleasenotethatthetowerontopofthehillwasbuiltduringtheElizabethanperiodwhenMontacuteHousewasfirstoccupied,asafollytolookoutacrossthelandscape.Itispossibletoaccessboththemotteandbaileyandtheinsidethetower.

Keyhealthandsafetypoints:SupervisionmakesureadultsarepositionedatthefrontandrearofthegroupSteepdropswhilstlookingintotoquarryinstructchildrennottorunandtobesensiblewhilstontheridge,anddonotenterthequarryRoadcrossingsexplainclearlythemethodinwhichtheywillcrosstheroadbeforesettingoff

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Followup:VisitMontacuteHousetostudy17thcenturyhistory.ItispossibletowalktoMontacuteHousefromSt.Michaelstower(approx.halfamile).Contactthemon01935823289ormontacute@nationaltrust.org.uk.CarryoutasurveyinMontacutetofindoutlocalopinionabouttheremovaloftreesfromSt.MichaelsMount(theplanswerefirstannouncedin2007thereforetheresultswilldependonwhenthissurveyiscarriedout).CarryoutahistorystudyontheRomans,perhapswithavisittotheYeovilMuseum,whichhasamockupRomanvilla(01935845946).ContacttheSouthSomersetDistrictCouncilHeritageTeamon01935462881whoareabletoofferRomansessionsinyourschoolinvolvingartefacts,Romanarmourandclothing.

Mapshowingtherouteofthehistorytourparttwo:

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Ham Hill history tour two Stop 1 Deep quarry

What has created the grooves in the rock face? ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ Name three famous local buildings that are made from hamstone:

1. _______________________________ 2. _______________________________

3. _______________________________

Stop 2 Harveys quarry

Give one reason why you think quarrying on Ham Hill is a good thing, and one reason why you think it is a bad thing: Good: _________________________________ ______________________________________

Bad: _______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

Stop 3 Witcombe Valley medieval village

What three key pieces of evidence are there for a medieval village in Witcombe Valley? P.T.O.

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1. ____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________

Stop 4 Roman Villa

Explain the three methods of archaeological surveying that have been used to help us identify the location and understand more about the Roman Villa: 1. _____________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

How many rooms did the Roman villa have and when was it thought to have been occupied?

Stop 5 St. Michaels Mount motte and bailey castle

Label the picture of the motte and bailey castle above. Why did William the Conqueror build so many motte and bailey castles such as St. Michaels mount in Britain? (Continue on another piece of paper if necessary). ___________________________________________________________________ Why was/is there a lot of controversy over the National Trusts new management regime for St. Michaels Mount that began in 2007? Discuss.

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Know your Iron Age Community

Whattodo:

1. Explainthatyouaregoingtogiveeachpersonacardwitharole/jobthatpeoplewouldhavehadwithintheirvillagecommunityduringtheIronAge.Firsttheyneedtofindalltheotherpeoplewhohavethesamecardasthem(howevertherewillbesomepeoplewhoaretheonlypersonwiththatrole).

2. Oncetheyhavefoundalltheotherpeoplewiththesamerolesasthem,theyneedtolookatthepicture

ofthepersonwithparticularregardtotheirclothesandjewellery,andconsiderthejobthattheydo.Theyshouldthendiscusswiththosethathavethesamerolesasthemhowimportanttheirrolewouldhavebeeninthecommunity,intermsofhowwealthytheywere,howmuchinputtheyhadindecisionmakingandhowmuchstatustheyhad.Theyneedtomakesuretheyareawareofalltheotherroleswithinthecommunity,andmaybetalktopeoplewithdifferentrolesbeforemakingtheirdecision.

3. Oncetheyhavereachedadecision,theyshouldalllineupwithoneendofthelinebeingthetopofthe

community;theperson/peoplewiththemostwealthandstatus,graduallymovingalonguntiltheendofthelinewheretheperson/peoplewiththeleastwealthandstatusshouldstand.

4. Geteachgrouptoexplainwhytheyhavechosentostandinthepositionthattheyhave,askingothersin

thecommunityiftheythinktheyarecorrectaboutwheretheydecidedthattheyrank,andhaveageneraldiscussionaboutthedifferentroles.Ifaperson/peoplewanttochangewheretheythinktheyshouldstandduringthisdiscussion,orothersthinktheyshouldchangetheirpositionthentheyshould.

5. Iftheyhavenotyetarrangedthemselvesinthefollowingorder,getthemtomovearound:Chief,

Religiousleader,Warriors,Storytellers,Craftworkers,Farmworkers.

6. Explainwhattheirdifferentroleswereandwhytheyweregiventheamountofwealth,statusandrankingthattheywere:

Chiefwouldhaveneededtohaveexcellentleadershipskills,andwouldhaveultimatelymadethekeydecisionsonbehalfofthewholecommunity.Notehowhehasverycolourful,elaborateclothes,ornatejewelleryandasword,whichonlyafewpeoplewouldhaveowned,astheywereveryexpensiveandtimeconsumingtomake.Chiefscouldbemaleorfemale,andwouldhavebeenelected.

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istory

Practicalities:When: AnytimeWhere: AnywhereHowlong: ApproximatelyhalfanhourResources: Rolesinthecommunityfigurecardsthisishowmanytoprintofeach:

Chief:1 Religiousleader:1 Warrior:5 Storyteller:2 Craftworker:7 Farmer:Enoughfortherestoftheclass (Laminatethemandusethemeveryyear)

Learningexperiences: Understandingoftheideas,beliefsandattitudesofsocietyduringtheIronAge(700B.C.A.D.43);andanunderstandingofthedifferentroleswithinavillagecommunity.Discussion,debatinganddecisionmakingwithinalargegroup.

Beforethesession:Usephotosshowingrampartsandartistsimpressions,andalsothehistoryinformationpanels(seeextraresources)andHamHillshistorypagesonline:www.visitsouthsomerset.com/hamhilltointroducetheIronAgeperiodtochildren.AlsousetheBBCCeltswebsitewww.bbc.co.uk/wales/celtsontheinteractivewhiteboardforfun,educationalactivities.CarryouttheHamHillHistorytoureitherbeforeorafterthisactivity,whichfocusesprimarilyonIronAgeHamHill.

Religiousleaderwouldhaveconductedallreligiousceremonies,andpeoplewouldhavelookedtothereligiousleaderforguidance.TheCeltswereveryreligiousandspiritualpeople,worshippingmanydifferentgods,believingthereweregodsforallaspectsoflife.Notehowhehasquiteelaborateclothesandjewelleryhewouldhavebeenlookedafterfromthewealthofthechief.

Warriorswouldhavebeenhighlytrained,andhighlyregardedmembersofthecommunity,trainingintensivelytobephysicallyfitandskilledataimingslingshotsandspears.Thetopwarriorswouldhavealsohadtheirownswords,andwouldtrainatswordfightingaswell.Theywouldhavebenefitedfromthewealthofthechiefaswell.

Storytellerswouldhavebeenregardedasimportantmembersofthecommunity.Althoughtheymay

havehadotherjobsaswell,theywerethekeypeopleinexplainingandpassingtheimportantstoriesandinformationaboutthehistoryandcultureofthetribe/villagetoothersinthecommunity.ThereasonthisjobwassoimportantisbecauseduringtheIronAge,peoplehadnotyetdevelopedthewrittenword;peoplewerereliantonthespokenwordtopassoninformation.

Craftworkerswouldhavemadeallkindsofgoodsfromrawmaterialsforpeoplethroughoutthe

wholevillagetouse,andprobablywouldhavemadevariousgoodstotradewithpeoplefromothervillagesaswell.Eachcraftworkerwouldhavebeenaspecialistintheirtrade,withpeoplemakingfarmingtools,weapons,pottery,clothesorotherdomesticgoods.Notehowhedoesnthaveveryelaborateclothesorjewellerythoughhowever,soalthoughquiteskilledandvaluedhedoesnthavemuchwealth.

Farmerswouldhaveprovidedfoodforthewholecommunity,includingcerealcrops,vegetables,fruit,

meatandeggs.Theywouldhaveworkedhardonthelandallyearround,usingskillsandknowledgepasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.Notehowhehasdullandbasicclothes,andwouldnthavehadmuchinthewayofpossessions.FarmingwasthemainactivitythattookplaceduringtheIronAge,wherethemajorityofpeopleineachvillagewouldhavehadthisrole.However,despiteactuallyhavingthemostimportantrole(i.e.withoutfood,theothersinthecommunitywouldnotsurvive)itwasnotconsideredhighlyskilledandfarmerswerenotdeemedofhavinghighstatus.However,astheywerethemajorityofpeople,theywereperhapsofthenormalstatus,ratherthanbeingoflowstatusitwasonlyafewpeoplethathadthehighstatusroles.

7. Ifithasnotalreadydoneso,thefinalpointaboutthefarmersactuallybeingthemostimportantin

termsoftheirnecessityshouldignitemoredebate.Ifnot,askchildrenifthecraftworkersshouldalsobeconsideredmoreimportant,becausewithoutthemthewarriorswouldnothavetheirweapons,thechiefandreligiousleaderwouldnothavetheirjewellery,andthefarmerswouldnothavetheirtools

8. Concludewithexplainingthatthecommunityneededpeoplewithallthesedifferentroles;without

enoughpeoplefulfillingeachrolethecommunitywouldfallapart,regardlessoftheirstatusandwealth.

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Followup:CarryouttheDiginaboxarchaeologistgameUsetheIronAgecoinmintingorfacepaintingequipmentatHamHillMakeIronAgeshields(seeextraresources)andgetchildrentodesigntheirownCelticpatternsGethalfofthegrouptomakeRomanshields(seeextraresources)andhaveamockinvasionontheIronAgeramparts,beginningatthegatewayontheNorthernspurandconcludingattheFryingpan(seemap)IfstudyingtheRomans,usetheplasticmosaictilesintheHamHillCentretocreatemosaicpatternsForacompleteIronAgeExperience,contactMattRussell:matt.Russell@ntlworld.comor07980007897whocanrunawholedaysessioninyourschooloratHamHill.Thiscaninclude:handlingawiderangeofrealandreplicaIronAgeartefacts,makingamoneypouch,makingshields,IronAgeclothes,Celticfacepainting,andIronAgewarriortraining(targetpractice,throwingspearsandswordtraining)

CHIEF

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RELIGIOUS LEADER

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WARRIOR

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STORY TELLER

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CRAFT WORKER

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FARMER

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Dig in a box archaeologist game

Whattodo:Thereareeightartefactsthatareusuallyusedaspartofthisactivity.PleasespeaktoHamHillstaffifyouwouldliketouseanydifferentones.Belowdescribeswhateachartefactis,whatitwasusedfor,approximatelyhowolditisandwhatitismadefrom:

Axeheadthisisareplicaitemmadefrombronze,basedonarealartefactfoundonHamHillthatisthoughttodatebacktotheBronzeAge.Itisthereforeapprox.3000ormoreyearsold.Itwouldhavebeenusedforcuttingwoodandothermaterials.

Wildboarstooththiswasfoundduringanarchaeologicaldiganddatesbacktomedievaltimes,asit

wasaround400yearsagothatwildboardbecameextinctinBritain.Wildboarwerehuntedfortheirmeatandskin,butpeoplewouldprobablyalsousedtheirteethandbonesformakingtools.

BrokenrooftilethisisaclayrooftilefromtheRomanvillathatwasbuiltonHamHillduringthe1st

centuryA.D.TherehavebeenseveralarchaeologicaldigsandgeophysicalsurveyscarriedoutintheareawheretheRomanvillawassituated,andploughingofthefieldinmorerecenttimeshasbroughtupmanyrooftiles.

Brokenvase/bottletopthisisalsomadefromclay,andalsothoughttobeRomaninorigin,foundby

accidentonHamHill.Thedifferencebetweenartefactsfoundonarchaeologicaldigsandthosefoundbyaccidentisthatthosefoundondigshavegotanumberwrittenonthem,aseveryitemislogged.Thiswouldprobablyhavebeenusedtostorewaterorwine.

Brokenpot/bowlthisisalsomadefromclay,butthoughttobeofIronAgeorigin(750B.C.1st

centuryA.D.)duetothefactthatitisadifferentcolourandmorecoarse.Potsandbowlsofallshapesandsizeswouldhavebeenusedtostoreandeatfoodfrom.

FlinttoolthiscoulddatebacktotheStoneAge(5000ormoreyearsago),althoughflinttoolswerestill

widelyusedduringtheIronAgeandlater,asmetalwasstillverytimeconsuminganddifficulttoextract.Flinttoolswereusedforcuttingandscraping,andflintwasalsousedtomakearrowheadsandspeartips.

LoomweightthisprobablydatesbacktotheIronAgewhenmostclothes,rugsandblanketswere

madeonaverticalloom.Manyloomweightswouldhavebeenusedtoholdtheverticalthreadsofwool

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Practicalities:When: AnytimeWhere: AnywhereHowlong: ApproximatelyhalfanhourResources: Boxofsand,filledwithHamHillartefacts

Learningexperiences: UnderstandingofthelonghistoryofoccupationonHamHill,primarilyduringtheIronAge(700B.C.A.D.43)andtheRomanperiods(A.D.43A.D.410).Understandingoftheimportanceofarchaeologicaldigsininterpretingthehistoryofasiteorarea,togetherwithothersurveymethods.Speculationanddiscussionovertheuseandageofvariousartefacts.

Beforethesession:UseHamHillshistorypagesonline:www.visitsouthsomerset.com/hamhilltointroducethehistoryofHamHilltochildren.WatchsomeoftheclipsthatareavailableonlineofTimeTeamsBigRomanDig,whenaRomanVillawasunearthedlocallyatDinnington,Somerset:www.channel4.com/history/microsites/B/bigromandig/galleries/3_112.html

taughtwhilstthehorizontalthreadsofwoolwereweavedacross.ThisismadefromHamstone,asitwouldhaveneededtobeheavy.ThisandquernstonesforgrindingwheataretheonlyHamstoneartefactsfound,showingusthatHamstonewasnotwidelyquarriedduringtheIronAge.

SlingstonethisdatesbacktotheIronAge,andwasusedinasimilarwaytoacatapultfordefending

thehillfort.Theseneededtobeperfectlyround,andsopebblessuchasthiswouldhavebeentransportedfromChesilbeachinDorset.MassivebellpitsfullofthousandsofslingstoneshavebeenfoundonHamHillduringarchaeologicaldigs;theCeltswerealwaysreadyforbattle/defence.

1. Makesuretheeightartefactsareallburiedunderthesandsothattheycannotbeseen.2. Getchildrentositaroundtheboxinacircle,makingsurethattheycanallseethebox.

3. Askchildrenhowdoweknowaboutwhathappenedinthepast?Througharchaeologicaldigs,accidental

finds,featuresintheground,andinmorerecenttimes(thelastmillenia)thereiswrittenevidence.

4. Ifthewordhasnotalreadycomeup,askchildrenwhatthenameisofprofessionalpeoplethatdigintheground,lookingforartefactsandinterpretingwhattheyare?Archaeologist

5. ExplainthattherehavebeenmanyarchaeologicaldigsthathavetakenplaceonHamHill,mostlyatthe

beginningofthe20thcentury,butsomehavetakenplaceinmorerecenttimesaswell.ThisisprobablyasaresultofmanyartefactsbeingfoundaccidentlyduringtheVictorianera,whenquarryingtookplaceacrossmuchofHamHill.

6. (Optional)Explainthatinmorerecentyears,geophysicalsurveysusingmagnetometersanddevicesthat

measuretheelectricalresistivityofthesoilhavealsobeenusedtofindthelocationsofvariousartefacts,stonestructuresandevenditchesandmiddens(rubbishtips).This,togetherwiththeuseofaerialphotographyandandsimplysurfacesurveyingtechniqueshaveledtomoreefficentmappingandsubsequentprotectionoftheimportantarchaeologicalareasonHamHill,aswellastheabilitytocarryoutdigswithahighlikihoodoffindingartefacts.

7. Explainthattheyaregoingtohaveagoatbeingarchaeologists,bylookingverycarefullyintheboxfor

artefacts,andtryingtoworkoutwhattheythinktheobjectisandhowoldtheythinkitmightbe.Explainthatpeoplewillbechosenoneatatime,butthattherearenotenoughartefactsforeveryonetofind.

8. Oncetheyhavefeltanartefacttheyshoulddustoffthesandandholditupsothateveryonecanseeit,

andbeforeaskingchildrensataroundthecircle,askthearchaeologistwhattheythinktheobjectis,andhowoldtheythinkitmightbe.

9. Oncealltheartefactshavebeenfound,explainthatthesearejustaverysmallsampleofthemany

artefactsthathavebeenfoundonHamHill.MostartefactsareondisplayattheCountyMuseuminTauntonastheymorevaluableandunique.ArtefactsondisplayatthemuseumincludeRomanarmourstilllinkedtogether,RomanandIronAgebrooches,coins,arrowheads,spearheadsandmuchmore.

Keyhealthandsafetypoints:Artefactsandsandmakesurechildrenwashtheirhandsafterhandlingtheartefactsorsandandmakesuretheyarecarefulwhilsthandlingthem.

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Followup:Getchildreninsmallgroupstodesignalabeltogowithoneoftheartefacts,detailingwhattheartefactis,whatitwasusedfor,approximatelyhowolditisandwhatitismadefrom.Linkthisactivitywithanyoftheotherhistoryactivitiesandtheirfollowupactivities.VisittheCountyMuseuminTauntontoviewthemanyancientartefactsfoundonHamHillandelsewhereinSomerset:www.somerset.gov.uk/somerset/culturecommunity/museums/future/

Ham Hill Heritage Trail

Whattodo:

1. Setouttheheritagetrailpicturesinthe11locationsasshownonthemapandasdescribedontheanswerrecordingsheets.Itisrecommendedthatthisbedoneonthemorningofthevisit,asopposedtothedaybeforeasHamHillisabusypublicsite.Makearecordofwhichpicturehasbeenplacedwhere.

2. Organisechildrenintogroupsofapprox.eightandassignoneadulttoeachgroup.3. Issueeachgroupwithamap,answerrecordingsheet,clipboard,andapencil(andmakesurestaff

memberhasawatch).

4. Explainthefollowing:a. Whattheheritagetrailentails=usingamaptofindtheheritagepicturesinthelocationsshownby

numbers1to11onthemapb. Howtousethelegend/key=whentryingtofindthepictures,usethelegendonthebottomofthemap

toidentifythelandscapeandfeaturesclosetotheheritagepictureyouarelookingfor,e.g.closetoabenchingrassylandscapewithsteephills.

c. Howtoorientatethemap=themapmustalwaysfacenorth,whichisinthedirectionofthewar

memorial.Thereforewhenyourbackisfacingthewarmemoriallookingtowardsthestonecircle(pointthesefeaturesoutonthemap),themapshouldbeupsidedown.

d. Howtousetheanswerrecordingsheet=thisiswheretheanswers(whatiswrittenonthebackof

pictures)arerecorded.Thepicturesdonotneedtobefoundintheorderinwhichtheyappearonthesheet.Usetheanswerrecordingsheettofindoutwhatthepicturesareattachedto,e.g.signposts.

e. Howtousethescale=thescaleisatthetopofthemap,and2cmonthemap=100montheground.

5. AgreeatimetomeetbackattheHamHillCentre.

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Practicalities:When: AnytimeWhere: Withina1kmradiusoftheHamHillCentreHowlong: Approximately1.5hoursResources: Heritagetrailmaps,answerrecordingsheets,clipboards,pencils/pens,heritagetrail

pictures(cutoutandlaminate,thenholepunchandattachapieceofstring)

Learningexperiences: Familiarisationwithhowtouseamapincludingscale,orientating,keysandlegends,howtonavigateinanoutdoorenvironment,decisionmakingandteamwork.InsightintothehistoryofHamHill.

Beforethesession:Introducechildrentoorienteeringmapsbeforevisit,explaininghow tousethemasdetailedbelow,andbyusingthelegendmatchinggame(seegeographysectioninthispack).UseHamHillshistorypagesonline:www.visitsouthsomerset.com/hamhilltointroducethehistoryofHamHilltochildren.

6. Seteachgroupofftofindadifferentpicturefirstsothattheygooffindifferentdirectionsandworkasasmallteam(withamemberofstaff).

7. Checkeachgroupsanswersastheyreturn.

Keyhealthandsafetypoints:Supervisioninstructchildrenthattheymuststaywiththeirgroup,andmakesuretheyarewiththeirdesignatedadultatalltimesasthereareseveraldangersonsiteandbecauseitisapublicopenspace.Openquarryinstructchildrentheyarenottogointhequarry,asitispotentiallydangerousduetofallingandlooserocksandheavymachinery.Roadcrossingsexplainclearlythemethodinwhichtheywillcrosstheroadbeforetheysettingoff.

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Followup:Linkthisactivitywithanyoftheotherhistoryactivitiesandtheirfollowupactivities.VisitHamHillCentretohavealookatsomeoftheartefactsthathavebeenfoundonHamHillphoneaheadtoensurethatthecentreisopen:01935823617.

Answer recording sheet

Number Location Answer

1

Bench

2

War memorial/monument

3

Sign next to circle of stones

4

Tree near to dog waste bin

5

Gate close to litter bin

6

Footpath signpost to Alfreds

Tower

7

Gate at the bottom of steps

8

Stile leading into field

9

Footpath signpost next to

Timestones sculptures

10

Tree at bottom of slope

11

Barbeque

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Heritagetrailpictures

Roman dolphin brooch found accidentally by a boy on a school trip to Ham Hill

Artists impression of the 19 roomed Roman villa that was excavated on Ham Hill

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Iron Age ramparts on Ham Hill these were dug by hand to fortify the hillfort

Many archaeological excavations have taken place on Ham Hill

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During the Iron Age (750 B.C. A.D. 43), people lived in roundhouses like this

Many flint tools used for cutting like these have been found on Ham Hill

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Iron Age coins (like this one) and Roman coins have been found on Ham Hill

Pottery finds are common on Ham Hill, dating back to Iron Age and Roman times

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A Bronze Age axe head (used for cutting) similar to this was found on Ham Hill

In the Iron Age, warriors painted themselves blue with plant dye to look scary

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Roman helmet the Romans had good protection whilst wearing these

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Orienteering

Whattodo:Theorienteeringcourseisasetofsmallredandwhitesquareswithoneletterandtwonumbersprintedon,whichareattachedtofenceposts,signposts,gateandbouldersetc.Thechildrenusethemaptolocatetheorienteeringmarkerslocatedaroundthecountryparkandrecordthetwonumbersoneachone,whilstworkingasateam.ForallcoursesstartandfinishattheHamHillCentre.

1. Organisechildrenintogroupsofapprox.eightandassignoneadulttoeachgroup.

2. Issueeachgroupwithamap,controlsheet,clipboard,andapencil(andmakesurestaffmemberhasawatch).

3. Explainthefollowing:

a. Whatorienteeringis=usingamaptofindtheorienteeringmarkers(i.e.redandwhitesquareswithnumbersandletterson).

b. Howtousethelegend/key=whentryingtofindthemarkersdenotedbyletters,usethelegendonthebottomofthemaptoidentifythelandscapeandfeaturesclosetotheorienteeringmarkeryouarelookingfor,e.g.closetoabenchingrassylandscapewithsteephills.

c. Howtoorientatethemap=themapmustalwaysfacenorth,whichisinthedirectionofthewarmemorial.Thereforewhenyourbackisfacingthewarmemoriallookingtowardsthestonecircle(pointthesefeaturesoutonthemap),themapshouldbeupsidedown.

d. Howtousethecontrolsheet=thisiswheretheanswers(numbers)arerecorded.Themarkersdonotneedtobefoundintheorderinwhichtheyappearonthesheet.Usethecontrolsheettofindoutwhatthemarkersareattachedto,e.g.boulders,gateposts.

e. Howtousethescale=thescaleisatthetopofthemap,and2cmonthemap=100montheground.

4. AgreeatimetomeetbackattheHamHillCentre.

5. Seteachgroupofftofindadifferentmarkerfirstsothattheygooffindifferentdirectionsandworkasasmallteam(withamemberofstaff).

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Practicalities:When: AnytimeWhere: Withina4kmradiusoftheHamHillCentreHowlong: 4coursesrangingfromapproximately45minutesfortheshortestto2hoursforthe

longestResources: Orienteeringcontrolsheetsandanswersheets,maps,clipboards,pencils/pens

Learningexperiences: Familiarisationwithhowtouseamapincludingscale,orientating,keysandlegends,howtonavigateinanoutdoorenvironment,decisionmakingandteamwork.

Beforethesession:Introducechildrentoorienteeringmapsbeforevisit,explaininghowtousethemasdetailedbelow,andbyusingthelegendmatchinggame.Also,useOrdinanceSurveymaps/onlinemapssochildrenunderstandwhereHamHillisinrelationtotheirschool,andgetanideaofhowscalesdifferondifferentmaps.

6. Checkeachgroupsanswersastheyreturn.

Optionalscoreorienteering:Recordthetimethateachgroupsetsoutandreturns(withalltheiranswerscomplete)sothatifallgroupshavealltheiranswerscorrect,thegroupthatcompletedthecoursethequickest,wins.

Keyhealthandsafetypoints:Supervisioninstructchildrenthattheymuststaywiththeirgroup,andmakesuretheyarewiththeirdesignatedadultatalltimesasthereareseveraldangersonsiteandbecauseitisapublicopenspace. Openquarryinstructchildrentheyarenottogointhequarry,asitispotentiallydangerousduetofallingandlooserocksandheavymachinery. Roadcrossingsexplainclearlythemethodinwhichtheywillcrosstheroadbeforesettingoff.

OrienteeringAnswers:

A=38

B=45

C=52

D=34

E=51

F=47

G=40

H=36

I=43

J=50

K=32

L=37

M=46

N=53

O=31

P=51

Q=55

R=39

S=44

T=42

U=33

V=49

W=48

X=35

Y=54

Z=41

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Followup:SetupanorienteeringcourseinyourschoolgroundstheQuantockOrienteersmaybeabletogiveadvice,orevenassistinsettingupacourse:http://www.quantockorienteers.co.uk.Theyalsorunjunioreventsacrossthecounty.Getthechildrentocreatemapsoftheschoolgroundswithscalesandlegends.

Course 1-Yellow North (Easy)-1.4km

Control Description Code No.

Start-S1 Path bend on boulder _

1 A Gate

2 E Path crossing

3 D Bin

4 C Boulder (north side)

5 J Crag foot (east end)

6 B Small valley (lowest part)

7 G Stone wall

8 K Fence corner

9 P Boulder

Course 2-Yellow South (Easy)-1.4km Control Description Code No.

Start-S1 Path bend on boulder _

1 Q West crag

2 P Boulder

3 R Signpost

4 I West boulder (north side)

5 X East boulder

6 W Fence corner

7 Y Bin

8 T Post (west of path)

9 V West boulder (west side)

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Course 3-Orange (Medium)-2.9km

Control Description Code No.

Start 1-S1 Path bend on boulder _

1 E Path crossing

2 H Boulder (north side)

3 F Spur foot (west end)

4 J Crag foot (east end)

5 B Small valley (lowest part)

6 G Stone wall

7 M Gate (west side)

8 L Crag

9 I West boulder (north side)

10 S Thicket

11 U Boulder

12 O East crag

13 Z Gate

14 W Fence corner

15 T Path (between knolls)

16 N Boulder

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Course 4-Green (Hard)-3.6km

Control Description Code No.

Start 1-S1 Path bend on boulder _

W Fence corner

J Crag foot (east end)

A Gate

E Path crossing

Q West crag

H Boulder (north side)

B Small valley (lowest part)

Y Bin

N Boulder

U Boulder

O Crag

R Signpost

L Crag

S Thicket (west end)

F Spur foot (west side)

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Legendmatchinggame:

Answers:

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Legend matching game Cut out the 20 coloured symbols below, and try and match up each one with one of the written descriptions. These symbols and their descriptions make up the legend or key on the Ham Hill orienteering map, which help you navigate when you are map reading.

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Legend matching game Cut out the 20 descriptions below, and try and match up each one with one of the coloured symbols. These descriptions and their symbols make up the legend or key on the Ham Hill orienteering map, which help you navigate when you are map reading.

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Map reading activity

Whattodo:Themapreadingactivityisadaptable,dependingontheabilities/ageofthechildren.ThemapworksheetisdesignedtogetchildrenusingthemapandrelatingittotherealHamHilllandscapeanditsfeatures.Beforeleadingthisactivity,youwillneedtosetoutcardswithB,A,D,G,E,Rwrittenontheminthelocationsonthemapfrom16inanyorder.

Togettothestonecirclearea,takethegateoppositethepubcarparkleadingintothenorthernsectionofthepark.Afterapproximately300mthepathopensoutintothestonecirclearea.

1. Pointoutthefeaturesaroundyousuchasthestandingstonesandthewoodensigns,andshowhowtheyarepositionedandillustratedonthemap,usingthelegend.

2. Getchildrentocompletetheworksheetbyusingthemapofthestonecirclearea.Answersarebelow:

1.Howmanygridsquareshavegot:a) Boulders?8 b)Hillymound?23 c)Path?32

(Includeeverysquarethatthesefeaturescrossthrough,evenifonlythroughasmallfractionofthesquare)2. Whatdoesthissymbolfromthelegendmean?

Boulder 3.

4.Getchildreninto6smallgroupsandaskthemtofindthe6locationsfrom16,usingthemap.Theyshouldrecordthe6letterstheyfindunderquestion4ontheirworksheet,thenusethespacetoworkouttheanagram,whichshouldspellBADGER.Seteachgroupofftolookforadifferentnumberfirstsothattheyarenotallrunningtothesamelocation,andexplainthattheycanthenfindtheminanyordertheylike.

Number North East1 7 42 4 53 0 64 1 25 8 06 11 0

Practicalities:When: AnytimeWhere: StonecircleareainNorthernSpurHowlong: Approx1hourResources: Mapreadingactivityworksheetsandanswersheets,compasses,clipboards, pencils/pens,6piecesofcardwithB,A,D,G,E,andRwrittenon(oneoneachpiece)

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eography

Learningexperiences: Familiarisationwithhowtouseamap(andcompassoptional),teamwork,problemsolving,decisionmakingandspatialawareness.

Beforethesession:Introducechildrentothemapandexplainhowtousethelegend.Introducechildrentocompassbeforevisit,explaininghowtouseacompassasdetailedinthecompasstrailsactivitynotesalsointhegeographysection(optional).

Keyhealthandsafetypoints:Supervisionmakesureadultsarepositionedsothatthechildrencanbeseenatalltimes.Openquarryinstructchildrentheyarenottogointhequarry,asitispotentiallydangerousduetofallingandlooserocksandheavymachinery.

Optionalcompassactivity:Youcansetthemsomecompasschallenges,e.g.whatbearingdotheyneedtowalkontogetfromonefeatureornumbertoanother,andhowmanypaces,ortheycouldjustusethemcasuallytoseewhatdirectionstheyaretravellinginwhentheyarelookingforthenumberlocations.Youcouldthenmoveontothebeginnerscompasstrail,whichtakesplaceinthisareatoo.

Followup:Createasimilarstylemapofyourschoolgroundsusingpermanentfeaturesdenotedwithalegend.Itisagoodideatohaveabasemapwithnopoints/numberswrittenon;thereforeyoucanusethesamemapandchangethepointseachtimeyoudoamapreadingactivity.

YoucouldalsosetupanorienteeringcourseinyourschoolgroundstheQuantockOrienteersmaybeabletogiveadvice,orevenassistinsettingupacourse:http://www.quantockorienteers.co.uk.Theyalsorunjunioreventsacrossthecounty.Getthechildrentocreatemapsoftheschoolgroundswithscalesandlegends.

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Map reading activity

1. How many grid squares have got: Boulders?

Hilly mound?

Path?

2. What does this symbol from the legend mean?

3. Starting with the start square in the bottom left corner, how many squares north, then east would you need to move to get to the different locations of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 on the map? Dont count the start square! Fill in the table below the first one is already done for you:

Number North East 1 7

4

2

3

4

5

6

4. What Ham Hill animal can you spell out using the letters you have found?

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Map of stone circle area

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Ham Hill Geography tour

Whattodo:ItispossibletocarryouttheHamHillGeographytourusingtheinformationavailableontheHamHillwebsite:www.visitsouthsomerset.com/hamhillandtheinformationgivenbelow.Usethemapgiventofindoutwhereeachofthestopsare,andthebestroutetotake.YoucouldalsousetheHamHillaudiotrail(trailone)whichisfreetodownloadfromthewebsitetocomplimentthetour.However,itisadvisabletobookamemberofHamHillstafftoleadthetourastheyalreadyahighlevelofknowledgeoftheaspectscoveredinthetour,andofthesiteingeneral.PleasecontacttheHamHillofficeon01935823617toarrangeatour.

Stop1TheHamHillCentre

TheHamHillRangerteamconsistsoftwofulltimerangers,wholookafterallaspectsoftheCountryPark,includingrecreation/visitoraccess,wildlifeconservation,heritageconservationandgeology.Theyalsoruneducationaleventsforthepublic,schoolvisitsandactivities/walksforcommunitygroupssuchaslocalScoutgroupsandRotaryClubs.Therangersemptythebins/litterpickthesite,carryoutwoodlandmanagementsuchascoppicing,thinning,pruningandscrubclearanceforbothwildlifeandheritageconservation,andforpublicsafety.Themanagethegrasslandlandscapeandthewildlifewithinitthroughgrazinghaycutting,andthroughtheuseofsigns,andthegeologybykeepingtherockfacesclearofvegetation.Publicaccessmanagementincludesthemaintenanceofpaths,carparks,gates,fences,signs,stepsbenchesandbinsetc.

Stop2TheIronAgeramparts

HamdonhillfortistheIronAgepartofHamHillCountryPark.ItisthelargesthillfortinBritain,withrampartsextending3miles,encompassinganarea200acresinsize.HamHillhastwotothreeditchesandrampartsorridgesthatwereconstructedbytheDrurotrigesIronAgetribemanyyearsago,fromaround750B.C.tothe1stcenturyA.D.WhenHamdonhillfortwasoccupiedtherampartswouldhavebeenkeptclearoftrees,sothattheycouldspotanypotentialenemyinvaders.Amazingly,theseearthworkswereconstructedbyhandwithtoolssuchasantlersandpickstheyfollowthenaturalcontoursofthehill.Theyweredefensivestructuresinordertodeterattackersfromneighbouringenemytribes.Alongthetopridgetherewouldprobablyhavebeenawoodenpalisadefenceratherlikearowoflargepencils,toprovideextraprotection.Halfwaybetweenhereandstopthreeyoucanclearlyseeoneoftheold

Practicalities:When: AnytimeWhere: FromtheHamHillCentretothewarmemorial,usingtheNorthernsectionoftheparkHowlong: Approximately2hoursResources: Geographytourworksheets,clipboards,pencils/pens

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eography

Learningexperiences: UnderstandingofhowthemoderndaylandscapeonHamHillhasbeenshapedundermansinfluences.ObservationandrecognitionofmanmadeandnaturalfeaturesonHamHillandacrossthelandscapebelow.Identifyinghowandwhyplacesareliketheyare,whytheychangeandhowtheymaychangeinthefuture.AnunderstandingofthelocalSomersetenvironment.Listeningandrecordingskillsinthefield.

Beforethesession:UsemapstoshowchildrenwhereHamHillisinrelationtotheirschool,andaskquestionsaboutthelandscapeandfeaturessurroundingthehill.FindoutwhatthechildrenalreadyknowaboutmansinfluenceonHamHillandinthelocalarea.

entrancesthatleadinandoutofthehillfort,whichwouldhavebeenheavilydefended,includingtheuseoflargewoodengates.TheviewsfromthetopofHamHillareexcellent;thefactthatyoucouldseealongwayintothedistancewasoneofthereasonsearlysettlerschosethenaturalhighpointofHamHill;theywereabletoseeifanyenemieswereapproachingandprepareforbattle.DuetothefactthatHamHillsoccupantswouldhavebeenmuchhigherthantheirenemiesbelow,theslingstonesthattheyusedtodefendtheirhillfort(similartoacatapult),theyhadgravityontheirsidesowouldhavedonealotofdamagetoanyinvaders!Aswellasthereasonsgivenabove,thepeoplelivinginthispartofSomersetatthetimewouldalwayshavechosenhighergroundtosettleon,asmostofthelandisonlyafewmetresabovesealevelandwouldhavebeenfloodedformostoftheyear,apartfromafewmonthsduringthesummer.

Stop3TheFryingPan

Thefryingpangetsinnameduetoitsshape,whichmisledearlyarchaeologistsintothinkingitwasaRomanamphitheatre,butitsactuallyanoldlivestockshowringfrommedievalfayredays.StartingonApril25th,whichisSt.Marksday,alargefayretookplaceonHamHill,historicallylastingforupto13days.Thefayreattractedpeoplefromfarafieldtobuyandsellbothdomesticandagriculturalitemssuchasbaskets,fabrics,pottery,toolsandlivestock.Theconstantparadingofanimalsaroundaringcreatedtherecognisablefeatureyoucanseetoday.

Thisareawasusedinthelate19thcenturyforfayresonceagain,butofadifferentnature.AlocalmannamedGeorgeMitchellorganisedhugeralliesontopofHamHillbasedhere.Thousandsofagriculturalworkersmarchedupthehillsingingsongstodemandbetterpayandconditions,andpoliticianswouldgivespeecheshereinthefryingpaninfavourofthelabourers.

Whilstyouarehere,turnyourbackonthefryingpanandlookdowntheslopeofthehillandyouwilltheIronAgerampartscertainlyoneoftheditchesandoneoftheridgesorearthbanksthatisjustinfrontofthelineoftreesareclearlyvisible.

Stop4Warmemorial

ThewarmemorialismadeoutofHamstone,andwaserectedin1923(seebronzewreathonthesideofthememorialthatfacesStokesubHamdon)tocommemorateindividualsfromStokeandNortonsubHamdonwhogavetheirlivesintheFirstWorldWar.FurthernameswerelateraddedofthosewhodiedintheSecondWorldWarandsubsequentconflicts.

Findthefaceofthewarmemorialwiththebronzewreathonitandstandwithyourbacktoit.Lookingstraightahead,whichisalmostdirectlynorth,thevillagebelowisStokesubHamdon,andthevillagebeyonditslightlytotheleftisMartock.Rightaroundtothefarleftwiththelargechurchtower,liesthevillageofNortonsubHamdon.ThebusyroadrunninginfrontofyouistheA303.ThesmallsectionthatyoucanseeispartoftheRomanroadknownastheFosseWay,whichusedtoleadintoIlchester,originallyaRomantown.TotheleftinthedistanceyoushouldbeabletoseetheBlackdownHills,andbeyondtheminthedistanceonacleardayyoucanseetheQuantocks.Directlyahead,thelowridgeofhillsarethePoldens,andrightbehindthemtheMendips.

Discusswiththechildrenwhattheycansee,gettingthemtotickoffthevariousfeatureslistedontheirworksheet.Askthemwhichfeaturesarenaturalandmanmade,andwhichdirectiontheythinktheirschoolis.HaveageneraldiscussionaroundthegeographyoftheSomersetlandscape,i.e.naturalandmanmadeforces.Getthechildrentomakeasketchofthelandscapebelowonablanksheetofpaper.Getthemtopointoutthedifferentmanmadeandnaturalfeaturesonthesketch.

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Stop5Stonecircle

TheimpressiveHamstoneblocksthathavebeenmadeintoastonecirclewereerectedattheturnofthemillenniumbyRichardEngland,whosefamilyhasquarriedHamstonefromHamHillforthreegenerations.

ThecircleisamonumenttoallthemenandwomenhaveworkedintheHamHillquarriesoverthelast2000years.Mostofthebuildingsinallthelocalvillagesandtowns,aremadefromHamstone,butevenasfarasExeterandLondonthereusedtobeademandforHamstone.Allofthestonewasdugbyhand,andlifewouldhavebeenverytoughasaquarryworkerorastonemason,whowouldhaveworkeduphereinallconditions.

Ifyoulookverycloselyatthestandingstones,youshouldbeabletoseemanycrushedupseashellsthatarethemainingredientinthissedimentarystone.Fossilisedseacreaturesyoucanspotincludeammonites,belemnitesandbivalves.ThesecreatureswerealiveatthesametimeastheearlyJurassicdinosaurs,andHamstoneismadefromtheirshells,thebonesofotherseacreaturesandalsopebbles,sandandsediment.Youshouldalsobeabletoseestreaksofironthatgivethestoneitsgoldencolourandalsocalcitecrystalsthatformnaturallyincracks.

Stop6ViewfromthePrinceofWales

Withthepubbehindyou,lookacrosstothewoodedslope.BeneaththesetreesandbushesliepartoftheIronAgerampartsystem.Thesearespecialarchaeologicalfeatures,whicharepartofthedesignatedscheduledancientmonumentstatusthatcoversmuchoftheCountryPark.Overthecomingyearstherangerteamwillbegraduallyclearingmostofthetreesfromtheslopeinordertoprotectthesefeatures.

OncethetreesarefelledtheRangersusuallysellsomeofthelogslocally,andtheincomefromthisisputstraightbackintothemanagementoftheCountryPark.Manyofthelogsareleftinsituinlargepiles,whichcreateawarandmoistmicroclimate,idealforinvertebratesandsmallreptilesandmammalstohibernateandhideawayin.SomeofthelargerpiecesoftimberareusedforconstructionprojectsintheCountryPark(e.g.gateposts).

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DiscussionPoints(thesearelinkedtoeachofthestops):

1. WhatwouldtheCountryParklooklikeifhumanshadneverbeenherebefore,andyouwerethefirstpeopletovisit?Itwouldbeawoodedhilltop,anditwouldbeaflatplateauasnoneofthehamstonewouldhavebeenremoved,andnoneofthemanmadefeatureswouldexist.

2. HowwouldtherampartslookdifferentifwewerehereatthetimeoftheIronAge?Theywouldhavenotreesandscrubgrowingonthem,andthebankswouldbehigherandtheditchesdeeper.

3. GeorgeMitchellwasonlysixyearsoldwhenhewentouttoworkonthefieldshowwouldyoufeelifyouhadtoworkoutsideonyourownatthatage?

4. HowwouldtheviewbedifferentifwewerehereatthetimeoftheIronAge?Landscapebelowwouldhavenohousesandroadsetc.andthelandwouldbeunderwatermostoftheyear.

5. Howwouldthelandscapeherehavelookeddifferentbeforeitwasquarried?Thelargedipyouarestoodinwherethestonecircleiswouldhavebeenatthesameheightastheclifffacesaroundyou,andthelumpsandbumpswouldnthavebeenthereastheyarearelictofquarrying.

6. Doyouthinkitsacceptablethatthetreesarebeingcutdowntoprotectthearchaeology?Haveadiscussionaroundtheconflictofintereststhattherangershavetomanage,i.e.wildlife,archaeology,quarrying,geologyandrecreation.

Keyhealthandsafetypoints:SupervisionmakesureadultsarepositionedatthefrontandrearofthegroupsSteepdropswhilstwalkingalongridgeinstructchildrennottorunandtobesensiblealongtheridge

Mapshowingrouteofthegeographytour:

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Followup:Carryoutaresearchprojectaboutoneofthespecificareasofthegeographytour,e.g.IronAgeHamHill,thelifeofGeorgeMitchell,Quarryingandlocalhamstonebuildings,orcountrysiderangersusingtheHamHillwebsite:www.visitsouthsomerset.com/hamhill,usinglocalbooksandspeakingtotherangers.

Ham Hill Geography Tour

Stop 1 The Ham Hill Centre

Name 2 jobs the rangers do to look after Ham Hill:

1.___________________________________________

2. __________________________________________

Stop 2 The Iron Age ramparts

Give three reasons why people chose to live on Ham Hill at the time of the Iron Age:

1. _______________________________________

2. _______________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________

Stop 3 The Frying Pan

Why is this area called the Frying Pan?

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

Who made the Frying pan famous in the late 1800s and how?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Stop 4 War memorial

When was the war memorial built and why?

______________________________________________

_________________________________________ P.T.O

Hello and welcome to Ham Hill Country Park! Today you will find out how humans have been shaping the interesting landscape you see today on Ham Hill over thousands of yearsyour job is to listen carefully and answer all

the questions as you go round!

Ham H

ill - Geog

raphy

Put a tick against the features one the following page once you have seen them:

Farm Mendips

Lake Burrow Hill

Fruit fields Polden Hills

A303 Blackdown Hills

Martock Stoke sub Hamdon Church

Now make a sketch of the landscape below on a blank sheet of paper. Make sure you point out the different man-made and natural features on your sketch.

Stop 5 Stone circle

Why and when was the stone circle erected?

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Hamstone is a type of ___________________, which is a ___________________ rock.

What makes the stone golden/orange? _________________________________

Stop 6 View from the Prince of Wales pub

Why do the rangers cut down trees on the Iron Age ramparts?

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What happens to all the trees that are cut down?

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Ham H

ill - Geog

raphy

Use this space to write down anything else of interest you can see:

Minibeast study

What to do: FromtheCentre,walktowardsthecarparkarea,turnrightandwalkthroughthetwobouldersontothetarmacpath.Turnleft,leavingthetarmacpath,walkingthroughanopengrassyarea,andfollowthepathuptheslope.Continuetofollowthispathforapproximately3minutes/400muntilyoureachtheTimestonessculptures.

1. Explainthattheyaregoingonaminibeasthuntwhatanimalsdowemeanbyminibeasts?Getthemtomakesomesuggestions,andexplainthatminibeastsincludeallsmallcreatureswithnovertebrate(backbone),e.g.woodlice,beetles,spiders,flies,wormswhichiswhytheyarecalledinvertebrates.

2. Theseminibeastsliveingrasslandthatistheirhabitat/homewhatkeythingsdoesananimalneed

fromitshabitat?(Food,water,shelter)

3. Explainthatwemustthereforetakecareofthegrasslandhabitat(i.e.donttramplealloveritandpicktheflowersandgrasses)becauseitisahomeforhundredsofminibeastsandotheranimalstoo.Ifwedestroythegrasslandwearedestroyinganimalshomes.

4. Explainthatwhilstwearestudyingtheseverydelicateminibeastswemustlookafterthemandtreat

themwithcareandreturntheminonepiece!

5. Organisechildrenintosmallgroupsandassignanadulttoeachgroupifpossible.

6. Explainhowtousethefieldstudiesequipment:a. Usesweepnettocatchminibeastsinthegrassandbrackenareasdonotsweepnetoverany

brambles/thornytreesastheywillgettorn.b. Emptyminibeastsintotraysbygentlypushingthenetinsideoutclosetothetray.c. Useapaintbrushtogentlypushtheminibeastsintothemagnijarsdonotpickminibeastsup

withfingersastheywillgetsquashed.d. Makesurepaintbrushesandmagnijarsarekeptin/nexttothetrayasitseasytolose/treadon

themwhentheyrehiddeninthegrass.Distributethefieldstudiesequipmentamongstthegroups.

Practicalities:When: MaySeptemberandonlyindryweather,otherwiseminibeastsgetsquashedandmost

willbeshelteringunderground/intrees.Where: ThebestareaiswheretheTimestonessculpturesareasitisanareawitheasytodefine

boundariesandvarioustypesofvegetation,butanyareasoflonggrassarealsosuitable.Howlong: Approximately2hoursResources: Minibeastrecordsheet,Minibeaststudysheet(ifusing),clipboards,pencils,sweepnets,

trays,magnijars,andvariousminibeastIDguidessuchasthefoldoutIDguidesproducedbytheFieldStudiesCouncil(allavailabletohireattheHamHillCentre)oryoucanpurchaseIDguidesfrom:http://www.fieldstudiescouncil.org/publications/foldout.aspx

Ham

Hill - S

cience

Learningexperiences:Discoveringwildlifefirsthandinthefield,closeobservation,identificationandcomparisonofdifferentinvertebrates,askingscientificquestionstobuildupapictureofananimalscharacteristics,lifestyle&habitat.

Beforethesession:Haveadiscussionaroundwhatminibeasts/invertebrateschildrenhaveseenorhaveheardofbefore.Havealookforminibeastsintheschoolgrounds(wherepossible)andintroducetheconceptofhabitats,askwhathabitatstheymightfindatHamHill,anddiscusswhy